LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM - Unika Repositoryrepository.unika.ac.id/18875/1/06.11.0113 - Ratri...

PROYEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR

Periode LlX, Semester Genap, Tahun 2010/2011

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

Penekanan Desain :

Arsitektur Postmodem

Permasalahan Dominan :

Efektifitas Penataan Ruang dan Sirkulasi

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Disusun Oleh :

Ratri Pinaringan Palilih 06.11.0113

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

April,2011

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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN


Periode LlX, Semester Genap, Tahun 20101 2011

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KA TOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Judul Proyek

Penekanan Desain

Permasalahan Dominan

Disususn Oleh

Pembimbing

Penguji

Dekan,

Interior Design Centre




Moediartianto, ST, MSc

Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT

Ir. Edy Prawoto, MT

Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT

Semarang, April 2011

Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Ketua, Ketua,

Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Program Studi Arsitektur Proyek Akhir Arsitektur

Ir. B.P.R. GandhLM.S.A.

NPP.058.1.1987.022 NPP.058.1.2000.235 NPP.058.1.1986.015

ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN


Periode LlX, Semester Genap, Tahun 20101 201 t

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR, FAKUL TAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Judul Proyek

Penekanan Desain

Permasalahan Dominan

Disususn Oleh

Pembimbing

Penguji

Penguji I

Ir. Ettv Endang Listiati. MT

NPP.058.1.1984.007

Interior Design Centre




Moediartianto, ST, MSc

Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT

Ir. Edy Prawoto, MT

Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT


Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan

Dosen Pembimbing

NPP.058.1.20oo.235

Penguji II Penguji III

Ir. Edy Prawoto. MT

NIP. 1956.1024.1987.031001 NPP.058.1.1992.124

iii

PRAKATA Dalam proses perancangan dan perencanaan fisik sebuah gedung, gubahan komponen

bangunan bagian dalam yang lazim disebut desain interior menduduki urutan tingkat

. pelaksanaan yang paling akhir setelah arsitektur, rekayasa sipil, mekanikal dan elektrikal. Akan

tetapi, pada saat seseorang memasuki sebuah gedung yang sudah jadi, maka sosok desain

interior inilah yang paling pertama terlihat secara kasat mata dan kemudian menggugah kesan

atau citra tersendiri pada-pikiran orang yang melihatnya. Dunia. interior Indonesia tumbuh pes at,

tidak berbeda dengan bidang lainnya. Perkembangan tren desain interior pad a dasarnya hampir

sama dengan perkembangan tren pad a fesyen. Hal tersebutlah yang mendorong penulis untuk

merencanakan sebuah desain Interior Design Centre yang cukup berkompeten untuk lebih

meningkatkan desain interior khususnya di Kota Semarang.

Dengan rendah hati, penulis mengucapkan banyak terimakasih kepada semua pihak

yang telah membantu jalannnya penelitian ini baik secara langsung dan tidak langsung, antara

lain:

1. Tuhan YME yang selalu menyertai dan membimbing saya setiap saat.

2. Ibu dan kedua kakak tercinta yang telah membantu- dalam haJ. tenaga, mora~ dan

materia!.

3. Almarhum ayah tercinta yang sangat memberi inspirasi dan semangat besar untuk

tetap terus menjalani kehidupan, khususnya untuk tetap mendapatkan gelar sarjana.

4. Ir. BPR Gandhi, MSA, selaku dosen koordinator Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 59 yang

telah memberi kesempatan untuk menempuh studio PAA 59.

5. Moediartianto, ST, MSc selaku dosen pembimbing Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 59, yang

telah selalu memberikan pengarahan dan pengetahuan dalam pembuatan Landasan

Teori dan Program ini.

6. Ir. Etty Endang Listiaty, MT, Ir. Eddy Prawoto, MT dan Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno,

MT. Selaku dosen penguji atas kritik, nasehat dan masukannya.

7. Seluruh dosen-dosen Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain atas i1mu dan bimbingan yang

telah diberikan.

8. Semua teman-teman PAA 59 atas kebersamaannya selama penyusunan Laporan

Landasan Teori dan Program.

9. Semua sahabatku Evi, Mita, Ratna, Bita, Thomas, Maxi, Mario, Prima serta Nanang

untuk kebersamaan, semangat dan perhatiannya selama ini.

Tujuan L TP PAA 59 ini disusun untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan guna

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur periode- 59· Semester Genap tahun 2010/2011 Jurusan

Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang.


Penulis

hI

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DAFTAR 151 ~ - - -- - ~ ---- --- -------- - - -

Halaman sampul .................................................................................................................... i

Halaman Pengesaha ............................................................................................................. ii

Kata Pengantar ...................................................................................................................... iv

Daftar isi ................................................................................................................................... v

Daftar tabel dan diagram ..................................................................................................... x

Daftar gambar ......................................................................................................................... xii

BABI:PENDAHULUAN

1.1. Latar Belakang Proyek ........................................................................................ 1

1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ................................................................... 2

1.2.1. Tujuan .......................................................................................................... 2

1.2.2. Sasaran ........................................................................................................ 3

1.3. Lingkup Pembahasan ........................................................................................... 3

1.4. Metoda Pembahasan ........................................................................................... 4

1.4.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data .................................................................... 4

1.4.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisis ......................................................... 6

1.4.3. Metoda Pemrograman ............................................................................. 7

1.4.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ............................................................ 7

1.5. Sistematika Pembahasan ..................................................................................... 9

BAB II : TINJAUAN PROYEK

2.1. Tinjau'an Umum ..................................................................................................... 11

2.1.1. Gambaran Umum 11

2.1.2 Latar Belakang - Perkembangan - Trend ........................................ 12

2.1.2.1. Latar Belakang ........................................................................... 12

2.1.2.2. Perkembangan ........................................................................... 13

2.1.2.3. Trend ............................................................................................. 13

2.1.3. Sasaran Yang Akan Dicapai ................................................................ 13

2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ................................................................................................... 14

2.2.1.Terminologi ................................................................................................ 14

2.2.1.1. Pengertian Interior Design Centre .......................................... 14

2.2.1.2. Latar Belakang Sejarah ............................................................ 15

\!

2.2.2.Kegiatan ..................................................................................................... 18

2.2.2.1. Pelaku ........................................................................................... 18

2.2.2.2. Aktivitas ........................................................................................ 19

2.2.2.3. Fasilitas ........................................................................................ 20

2.2.3.Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ...................................................... 21

2.2.3.1. Spesifikasi Proyek ....................................................................... 21

2.2.3.2. Persyaratan Desain ..................................................................... 22

2.2.4.Deskripsi Konteks Kota ............................................................................. 24

2.2.4.1. Kota Semarang, ............................................................................ 24

2.2.4.2. Kondisi Penduduk Kota Semarang .......................................... 27

2.2.4.3. Sektor Perdagangan Kota Semarang ..................................... 27

2.2.4.4. Keterkaitan (Relevancy) ............................................................. 27

2.2.4.5. Urban Issue ................................................................................... 28

2.2.5.Studi Banding dan Studi Komparasi ...................................................... 28

2.2.5.1. Haas Haus ..................................................................................... 28

2.2.5.2. Jakarta Design Centre ................................................................ 32

2.2.6.Permasalahan Desain ............................................................................... 37

2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan dan Anggapan ............................................................... 38

2.3.1. Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 38

2.3.2. Batasan .............................................................................................. 38

2.3.3. Anggapan .......................................................................................... 38

BAB III: ANALISA PENDEKA TAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR

3.1. Analisa Pendekatan ArsitektW .......................................................................... 40

3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas, ............................................................................................ 40

3.1.1.1. Aktivitas, .......................................................................................... 40

A. Pengelompokan Aktivitas ..................................................... ..40

B. Pendekatan Aktivitas - Pelaku ............................................ ,41

C. Pendekatan Pola Aktivitas ..................................................... 43

3.1.1.2. Pelaku 46

3.1.1.3. Pendekatan Jumlah Pelaku ...................................................... .47

3.1.1.4. Struktur Organisasi ...................................................................... 48

3.1.1.5. Pendekatan Jumlah Pengunjung .............................................. 48

3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas ............................................................................................. 49

3.1.2.1. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................................ .49 ui

3.1.2.2. Pengelompokan Ruang .............................................................. 57

3.1.2.3. Studi Besaran Ruang .................................................................. 58

A. Area Indoo~ ............................................................................... 62

B. Area Outdoor ............................................................................ 67

C. Studi Ruang Khusus ............................................................... 69

3.1.2.4. Studi Kebutuhan Luas ................................................................. 74

3.1.2.5. Citra Arsitektural ........................................................................... 75

3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ........................................................... 76

3.2.1. Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure ................................................... 76

3.2.1.1. Sistem Struktur ....................................................................................... 77

3.2.2.2. Pondasi ........................................................................................... 77

3.2.2.3. Lantai ............................................................................................... 79

3.2.1.4. Dinding ............................................................................................ 80

3.2.1.5. Atap ................................................................................................. 83

3.2.1.6. Jendela dan Pintu ......................................................................... 85

3.2.2. Studi Sistem Utilitas 86

3.2.2.1. Pencahayaan ................................................................................. 86

3.2.2.2. Penghawaan .................................................................................. 90

3.2.2.3. Sistem Jaringan Listrik ................................................................ 92

3.2.2.4. Sistem Transportasi ..................................................................... 93

3.2.2.5. Sistem Penangulangan Kebakaran .......................................... 95

3.2.2.6. Sistem Penangkal Peti~ .............................................................. 97

3.2.2.7. Sistem Pengolahan Sampah ..................................................... 98

3.2.2.8. Sistem Pengolahan Limbah ...................................................... 98

3.2.2.9. Sistem Pengolahan Sampah ..................................................... 99

3.2.2.10. Sumber Air Bersih ...................................................................... 100

3.2.2.11. Sistem Komunikasi .................................................................... 100

3.2.2.12.Sistem Keamanan Bangunan ................................................... 101

3.2.2.13.Architectural Sign ........................................................................ 102

3.2.3. Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ............................................................... 102

3.3. Analisa Konteks Lingkungan .............................................................................. 105

3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ....................................................................... 1 05

3.3.1.1. Kriteria Lokasi.. ............................................................................... 1 05

3.3.1.2. Alternatif Lokasi 105 \Iii

3.3.1.3. Penilaian Lokasi ............................................................................. 107

3.3.2. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ........................................................................ 107

3.3.2.1. Kriteria Tapak ................................................................................. 107

3.3.2.2. Alternatif Tapak .............................................................................. 1 07

3.3.2.3. Penilaian Tapak ............................................................................. 11 0

BAB IV : LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

4.1. Program Arsitektur ................................................................................................ 111

4.1.1. Aspek Citra Arsitektural .......................................................................... 111

4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ............................................................................................ 112

4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ....................................................................................... 112

4.2. Tujuan, Faktor, dan Faktor Penentu Persyaratan Perancangan .............. 112

4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan (Design Objective) ............................................ 112

4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan (Design Determinants) ................... 113

4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ........................................................ 113

4.3. Program Arsitektur ................................................................................................ 114 .-

4.3.1. Program Aktivitas ..................................................................................... 114

4.3.2. Pengelompokkan Fasilitas ..................................................................... 117

4.3.3. Program Besaran Ruang ........................................................................ 117

4.3.4. Program Sistem Struktur ........................................................................ 118

4.3.5. Program Sistem Utilitas .......................................................................... 119

4.3.6. Program Lokasi dan Tapak Lokasi Kec. Gayamsari ........................ 124

BAB V : KAJIAN TEORI

5.1. Kajian Teori dan Penekanan Desain ................................................................ 130

5.1.1. Uraian Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Teori Penekanan Desain .......... 131

5.1.1.1. Pengertian Postmodern ....................................................... : ...... 131

5.1.1.2. Latar belakang Postmodern ...................................................... 132

5.1.1.3. Ciri-ciri dan Pokok Postmodern ................................................ 133

5.1.1.4. Pokok Pikiran Postmodern 134

5.1.1.5. Postmodern di Indonesia ........................................................... 136

5.1.1.6. Postmodern dan Alirannya ........................................................ 138

5.1.2. Studi Preseden 140

5.1.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Dalam Penekanan Desain .......... 142

5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .............................................................. 146

5.2.1. Uraian dan Elaborasi Teori Permasalahan Dominan 146 uiii

5.2.1.1. Definisi Ruang .............................................................................. 146

5.2.1.2. Hubungan Ruang ......................................................................... 150

5.2.1.3. Bentuk Menentukan Ruang ....................................................... 154

5.2.1.4. Organisasi Ruang ........................................................................ 155

5.2.2. Studi Preseden 157

5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Dominan .............. 166

KEPUSTAKAAN 167

LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................................... 169

DAFTAR TABEL DAN DIAGRAM

Tabel 2.1 Pelaku dan Deskripsinya ..................................................................................... 18

Tabel 2.2 Pelaku dan Aktivitasnya ....................................................................................... 19

Tabel 2.3 Aktivitas dan Fasilitasnya .................................................................................... 20

Diagram 2.4 Spesifikasi Proyek ............................................................................................. 21

Tabel2.5 Persyaratan Desain ............................................................................................... 22

Tabel2.6 Bagian Wilayah Kota Semarang ......................................................................... 25

Tabel2.7 Segi Positif dan Negatif Haas Haus ................................................................... 32

Tabel 2.8 Segi Positif dan Negatif Jakarta Design Centre .............................................. 37

Tabel 3.1 Pendekatan Aktivitas Pelaku ............................................................................... 41

Diagram 3.2 Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung ............................................................................. 43

Diagram 3.3 Pola Kegiatan Pemilik ...................................................................................... 43

Diagram 3.4 Pola Kegiatan Pengelola ................................................................................. 43

Diagram 3.5 Pola Kegiatan Penyewa ................................................................................... 44

Diagram 3.6 Pola Kegiatan Desainer Interior ..................................................................... 44

Diagram 3.7 Pola Kegiatan Staf.. .......................................................................................... 44

Diagram 3.8 Pola Kegiatan Administratif ............................................................................ 45

Diagram 3.9 Pola Kegiatan Public Relation ........................................................................ 45

Diagram 3.10 Pola Kegiatan Cleaning Service .................................................................. 45

Diagram 3.11 Pola Kegiatan Teknisi .................................................................................... 46

Diagram 3.12 Pola Kegiatan Security .................................................................................. 46

Tabel 3.13 Deskripsi Pelaku ................................................................................................... 46

Tabe13.14 Jumlah Pelaku ...................................................................................................... 47

Diagram 3.15 Struktur Organisasi ......................................................................................... 48

Tabe13.16 Jumlah Pengunjung Citraland Mall Semarang .............................................. 49

Tabe13.17 Jumlah Pengunjung Interior Design Centre ................................................... 49

Tabel 3.18 Studi Kebutuhan Ruang ...................................................................................... 49

Tabel 3.19. Pengelompokan Ruang ..................................................................................... 57

Tabel 3.20 Standar Studi Besaran Ruang .......................................................................... 58

T abel 3.21 Studi Besaran Ruang Area Pengelola ............................................................. 62

Tabel 3.22 Studi Besaran Ruang Area Komersil ............................................................... 63

Tabel 3.23 Studi Besaran Ruang Area Pemeliharaan ..................................................... 64

x

Tabel 3.24 Studi Besaran Ruang Area Penerima ............................................................. 65

Tabe13.25 Studi Besaran Ruang Area Service ................................................................. 66

Tabe13.26 Studi Besaran Ruang Outdoor .......................................................................... 67

Tabel 3.27 Studi Besaran Ruang Area Service ................................................................. 69

Tabe13.28 Studi Kebutuhan Luas ....................................................................................... ..74

Tabel 3.29 Jenis Lampu .......................................................................................................... 90

Diagram 3.30 Bagan Kerja Solar Ceil .................................................................................. 93

Diagram 3.31 Sistem Utilitas Sampah ................................................................................. 98

Diagram 3.32 Sistem Utilitas Air Kotor (Iimbah cairL ...................................................... 99

Diagram 3.33 Sistem Utilitas Air Kotor (Iimbah padatL ................................................... 99

Diagram 3.34 Sistem Utilitas Sampah ................................................................................. 99

Diagram 3.35 Sistem Utilitas Air Bersih (downfeedL ...................................................... 100

Diagram 3.36 Sistem Utilitas Air Bersih (upfeedL .......................................................... ..1 00

Diagram 3.37 Skema Utistem Keamanan ......................................................................... ..1 01

Tabel 3.38 Kriteria dan Parameter Penilaian Lokasi ...................................................... ..1 07

Tabel 3.39 Penilaian Lokasi ................................................................................................... 107

Tabel3.40 Kriteria dan Parameter Penilaian Tapak ......................................................... 110

Tabel3.41 Penilaian Tapak .................................................................................................... 110

Tabel4.1 Program Aktivitas ......................................•............................................................ 114

Diagram 4.2 Pelaku Aktivitas dan Fasilitas ......................................................................... 116

Tabel4.3 Pengelompokan Fasilitas, ..................................................................................... 117

Tabel4.4 Besaran Fasilitas Indoor ..................................................................................... ..117

Tabel4.5 Besaran Fasilitas Outdoor .................................................................................... 117

Tabel4.6 Program Sistem Struktur ...................................................................................... 118

Tabel4.7 Program Sistem Utilitas, ........................................................................................ 119

Tabel4.8 Program Ruang Hijau ............................................................................................ 121

Tabel 5.1 Kemungkinan Penerapan Desain ....................................................................... 142

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Peta Kota Semarang ......................................................................................... 24

Gambar 2.2 Haas Haus ........................................................................................................... 28

Gambar 2.3 Hans Holein ......................................................................................................... 29

Gambar 2.4 Fasad Bangunan ................................................................................................ 29

Gambar 2.5 Cerminan Katedral... .......................................................................................... 29

Gambar 2.6 Sebelum ............................................................................................................... 30

Gambar 2. 7 Sesudah ............................................................................................................... 30

Gambar 2.8 Adaptasi Jaman Romawi ................................................................................ 30

Gambar 2.9 Curtain Wall ......................................................................................................... 30

Gambar 2.10 Tampak Bangunan .......................................................................................... 31

Gambar 2.11 3 Potongan Bangunan .................................................................................... 31

Gambar 2.12 3 Siteplan Bangunan ...................................................................................... 31

Gambar 2.13 Denah Bangunan ............................................................................................. 31

Gambar 2.14 Interior Haas Haus .......................................................................................... 32

Gambar 2.15 Atap Haas Haus ............................................................................................... 32

Gambar 2.16 Jakarta Design Centre .................................................................................... 32

Gambar 2.17 Lokasi Jakarta Design Centre ....................................................................... 33

Gambar 2.18 Ruang Pamer ................................................................................................... 34

Gambar 2.19 Kantor ................................................................................................................ 34

Gambar 2.20 Eksterior R. Seminar ....................................................................................... 34

Gambar 2.21 Interior R. Seminar .......................................................................................... 34

Gambar 2.22 Ruang Pamer ................................................................................................... 35

Gambar 2.23 Kantor ................................................................................................................. 35

Gambar 2.24 Bank ................................................................................................................. 35

Gambar 2.25 Fasilitas ............................................................................................................. 35

Gambar 2.26 Workshop .......................................................................................................... 36

Gambar 2.27 Jakarta Design Centre .................................................................................... 36

Gambar 2.28 Denah Jakarta Design Centre ...................................................................... 36

Gambar 2.29 Struktur Bangunan Jakarta Design Centre ................................................ 37

Gambar 2.30 Utilitas Bangunan Jakarta Design Centre .................................................. 37

Gambar 3.1 Analisa Ruang Gerak dalam Kloset ............................................................... 69

Gambar 3.2 Dimensi Ruang dalam Kloset .......................................................................... 69

Gambar 3.3 Dimensi Wastafel. ............................................................................................. .70

Gambar 3.4 Rute Aksesibel dari Area Parki~ ..................................................................... 70

Gambar 3.5 Layout Area Penjualan ..................................................................................... 71

Gambar 3.6 Dimensi Area Display Ruang Keluarga ...................................................... ..71

Gambar 3.7 Dimensi Area Display Ruang Tidu~ ............................................................. ..71

Gambar 3.8 Dimensi Area Display Kamar Mandi ............................................................ ..71

Gambar 3.9 Dimensi Area Display Ruang Tamu ............................................................ ..71

Gambar 3.10 Dimensi Area Display Ruang Dapur ........................................................... 72

Gambar 3.11 Dimensi Area Display Ruang Makan .......................................................... 72

Gambar 3.12 Dimensi Area Display Ruang Nonton ......................................................... 72

Gambar 3.13 Dimensi Area Display Ruang Baca ........................................................... ..72

Gambar 3.14 Dimensi Area Display Ruang Kerja ........................................................... ..73

Gambar 3.15 Layout Area Display dan Penjualan .......................................................... ..73

Gambar 3.16 Layout Area Display ...................................................................................... ..74

Gambar 3.17 Sistem Struktur ............................................................................................... ..77

Gambar 3.18 Pondasi Tiang Pancang ............................................................................... ..78

Gambar 3.19 Pondasi Sumuran .......................................................................................... ..78

Gambar 3.20 Keramik .............................................................................................................. 80

Gambar 3.21 Parket ............................................................................................................... 80

Gambar 3.22 Granit Tile .......................................................................................................... 80

Gambar 3.23 Bata ringan! Hebel! Celcon (60 cm x 20 cm x 8-10 cmL .................... 80

Gambar 3.24 Detail Pemasangan Hebel ............................................................................. 80

Gambar 3.25 Detail Pemasangan Dinding Kaca ............................................................... 81

Gambar 3.26 Dinding Kaca .................................................................................................... 81

Gambar 3.27 Partisi Dinding Papan Semen ....................................................................... 82

Gambar 3.28 Partisi Dinding Kaca ........................................................................................ 82

Gambar 3.29 Partisi Dinding Resin Kayu ............................................................................ 82

Gambar 3.30 Space Frame .................................................................................................... 83

Gambar 3.31 Vancouver Convention and Exhibition Centre .......................................... 84

Gambar 3.32 Potongan Detail Atap Bertanaman .............................................................. 84

Gambar 3.33 Detail konstruksi tirisan dan gavel pada atap bertanaman yang miring ........ .

.......................................................................................................................................... 84

Gambar 3.34 Center of New Industries and Technologies ............................................. 84

Gambar 3.35 Kusen Alumunium ........................................................................................... 85

Gambar 3.36 Jenis Profil Kusen Alumunium ...................................................................... 85

Gambar 3.37 Detail UPVC ...................................................................................................... 86

Gambar 3.38 Lewis Clark State Office,penonjolan pada dinding bangunan .............. 86

Gambar 3.39 Secondary Skin ................................................................................................ 86

Gambar 3.40 Exterior Window Shading .............................................................................. 86

Gambar 3.41 Pencahayaan dari Bukaan Atas ................................................................... 87

Gambar 3.42 Pencahayaan dari Jendela ............................................................................ 88

Gambar 3.43 General Lighting ............................................................................................... 88

Gambar 3.44 Task Lighting .................................................................................................... 88

Gambar 3.45 Artificial Lighting System Scenography ...................................................... 88

Gambar 3.46 Macam Ventilasi ............................................................................................... 90

Gambar 3.47 AC Split .............................................................................................................. 92

Gambar 3.48 Exhaust Fan ...................................................................................................... 92

Gambar 3.49 Generator Set ................................................................................................. 92 '.

Gambar 3.50 Solar Cell ........................................................................................................... 92

Gambar 3.51 Service Elevator ............................................................................................... 94

Gambar 3.52 Moving Ramp ................................................................................................... 94

Gambar 3.53 Ramp .................................................................................................................. 94

Gambar 3.54 Perlengkapan Pemadam Kebakaran .......................................................... 95

Gambar 3.55 Tangga Darurat ................................................................................................ 95

Gambar 3.56 Pintu Darurat ..................................................................................................... ~§

Gambar 3.57 Fire Evacuation Staircase .............................................................................. 96

Gambar 3.58 Penangkal petir dengan sistem Thomas .................................................... 97

Gambar 3.59 Pengolahan air sabun secara biologis ........................................................ 98

Gambar 3.60 Perlengkapan CCTV ....................................................................................... 101

Gambar 3.61 Handy Talky ...................................................................................................... 1 01

Gambar 3.62 Architectural sign ............................................................................................. 102

Gambar 3.63 Sistem ke~a solar cell ................................................................................... ..1 02

Gambar 3.64 Aplikasi MERO Floor System ....................................................................... 103

Gambar 3.65 Detail MERO Floor System .......................................................................... 104

Gambar 3.66 Situasi Alternatif Tapak Kec. Gayamsari .................................................. ..1 08

Gambar 3.67 Situasi AlternatifTapak Kec. Pedurungan ................................................. 109

Gambar 4.1 Kerai Payung (Filicium decipiensL ............................................................... 121

Gambar 4.2 Pohon Kamboja (Plumeria rubraL ................................................................ 121

Gambar 4.3 Pohon trompet (Tabebuia sp) ......................................................................... 121

Gambar 4.4 Pohon Palem 121

Gambar 4.5 Kerai Payung (Filicium decipiensL. ............................................................. ..121

Gambar 4.6 Glodogan (Polyalthia longifo/iaL ................................................................... 121

Gambar 4.7 Angsana (Petrocarpus indicus wil/d) ............................................................. 121

Gambar 4.8 Melati Costa (Brunfelsia sp) ............................................................................ 121

Gambar 4.9 Oleander (Nerium Oleander).. ......................................................................... 121

Gambar 4.10 Angel's Trumpet (Datura) .............................................................................. 121

Gambar 4.11 Puring (codiaeum veriegatum) ..................................................................... 122

Gambar 4.12 Drasena (Dracaena spL ............................................................................... 122

Gambar 4.13 Azalea (Rhododendron spy ......................................................................... ..122

Gambar 4.14 Bunga Kertas (Zinnia el/egansJ. ................................................................... 122

Gambar 4.15 Bougenville ........................................................................................................ 122

Gambar 4.16 Mandevilla ........................................................................................................ 122

Gambar 4.17 Thunbergia (Thunbergia spy ...................................................................... ..122

Gambar4.18 Sirih Gading ..................................................................................................... 122

Gambar 4.19 Bunga Aster (Callistephus sp) .................................................................... ..122

Gambar 4.20 Sutra Bombay (Portulaca grandiflora) ................................................ ....... 122

Gambar 4.21 Lidah buaya (Aloe vera). ............................................................................... 123

Gambar 4.22 Lidah buaya (Sanseviera trafiscieta) ......................................................... 123

Gambar 4.23 Plumbea nigra, Variegata macrorrhiza bomeogiant. ........................... ..123

Gambar 4.24 Zoysia matrella,Zoysia japonica, Zoysia tenuifolia .................................. 123

Gambar 4.25 Teratai (Nymphaea sp) ................................................................................. .tf~

Gambar 4.26 Lotus (Nelubonaceae sp) .............................................................................. 123

Gambar 4.27 Cipyrus papyrus). ............................................................................................. 123

Gambar 4.28 Iris kuning .......................................................................................................... 123

Gambar 4.29 Thyla cattail ....................................................................................................... 123

Gambar 4.30 Situasi Alternatif Tapak Kec. Gayamsari... ................................................. 125

Gambar 4.31 Peta Lokasi Tapak ........................................................................................... 126

Gambar 4.32 Potongan Jalan Tol Gayamsari .................................................................... 126

Gambar 4.33 Potongan JI. Brigjend Sudiarto ................................................................... ..129

Gambar 5.1 Dancing House ................................................................................................... 140

Gambar 5.2 Fasad Dancing House ...................................................................................... 140 xv

Gambar 5.3 Cerminan Penari ................................................................................................ 140

Gambar 5.4 Interior Dance House ........................................................................................ 141

Gambar 5.5 Kolom beton bentuk lengkung ........................................................................ 141

Gambar 5.6 Concrete structure ............................................................................................. 142

Gambar 5.7 Sistem Struktur ................................................................................................... 142

Gambar 5.8 Contoh Bangunan Postmodern ...................................................................... 142

Gambar 5.9 Jenis pondasi tiang pancang cast in place .................................................. 143

Gambar 5.10 Penutup Lantai ................................................................................................. 143

Gambar 5.11 Penutup Lantai ................................................................................................. 143

Gambar 5.12 The glass panel ................................................................................................ 144

Gambar 5.13 Titanium Plantter .............................................................................................. 144

Gambar 5.14 Facade Structures ........................................................................................... 144

Gambar 5.15 Sistem Moduler Area Display ....................................................................... 144

Gambar 5.16 Pengaplikasian Biomorphic ......................................................................... ..144

Gambar 5.17 Pengaplikasian dinding partisi ..................................................................... 145

Gambar 5.18 Atap Space Frame ........................................................................................ ..145

Gambar 5.19 Contoh Kombinasi Atap Bangunan ............................................................ 145

Gambar 5.20 Scenography artificial lighting system ....................................................... ..146

Gambar 5.21 Lighting track set & Lights Beam ............................................................... ..146

Gambar 5.22 Pengaplikasian Lighting track set & Lights Floor ................................... ..146

Gambar 5.23 Pemikiran Ruang Lao Tzu ............................................................................. 147

Gambar 5.24 Pemikiran Ruang Plato ................................................................................... 148

Gambar 5.25 Pemikiran Ruang William Wayne Caudill ................................................... 150

Gambar 5.26 Sendai Mediatheque ....................................................................................... 157

Gambar 5.27 Kolom Bangunan ............................................................................................. 158

Gambar 5.28 Fasad Bangunan ............................................................................................. 158

Gambar 5.29 Polikarbonat, kaca dan alumunium ........................................................... ..158

Gambar 5.30 Kolom Seismic .................................................................................................. 159

Gambar 5.31 Interior Bangunan ............................................................................................ 159

Gambar 5.32 Denah Lantai 1 dan 2 ................................................................................... ..160

Gambar 5.33 Denah Lantai 3 dan 4 ................................................................................... ..160

Gambar 5.34 Denah Lantai 5 dan 6 161

Gambar 5.35 Denah Lantai 7 ................................................................................................. 161

Gambar 5.36 Potongan Bangunan ...................................................................................... 162 v\,i

Gambar 5.37 Eksterior Bangunan ........................................................................................ 162

Gambar 5.38 Kolom Seismic ........................................................................................ 162

Gambar 5.39 Kolom Seismic .................................................................................................. 162

Gambar 5.40 East Wing, National Gallery ........................................................................ ..163

Gambar 5.41 Fasad EWNG 163

Gambar 5.42 View area EWNG .......................................................................................... ..164

Gambar 5.43 Parti-parti EWNG ............................................................................................. 164

Gambar 5.44 View area EWNG ............................................................................................ 164

Gambar 5.45 EWNG ................................................................................................................ 164

Gambar 5.46 Gambar Kerja EWNG ................................................................................... ..165

Gambar 5.47 Gambar 3D EWND .......................................................................................... 165

Gambar 5.48 Eksterior EWNG ............................................................................................... 165

Gambar 5.49 Sky Light dari Samping ................................................................................ ..166

Gambar 5.50 Sclupture ............................................................................................................ 166

Gambar 5.51 Atrium EWND ................................................................................................... 166 ,~

Gambar 5.52 Sky Light dari Atas .......................................................................................... 166

Gambar 5.53 View area EWNG 166

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM - Unika Repositoryrepository.unika.ac.id/18875/1/06.11.0113 - Ratri...

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Transcript of LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM - Unika Repositoryrepository.unika.ac.id/18875/1/06.11.0113 - Ratri...