Land Use and Water Quality in Hawaiian Streams: Findings ... · NAKEA. Mosquito control Poecilia...
Transcript of Land Use and Water Quality in Hawaiian Streams: Findings ... · NAKEA. Mosquito control Poecilia...
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Land Use and Water Quality in Land Use and Water Quality in Hawaiian Streams:Hawaiian Streams:
Findings from the USGS National Findings from the USGS National Water Quality Assessment ProgramWater Quality Assessment Program
Anne BrasherAnne BrasherU.S. Geological SurveyU.S. Geological Survey
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NAWQA Study Design
Ground Water Surface Water
EcologyWater Column Sediment and Tissue
PesticidesNutrients/Sediment
InvertebratesFish/Crustaceans
Metals and TEs Organics
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Land Use in Hawaii
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Water Column Studies
URBANAGRICULTUREFORESTED
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Manoa Stream
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Waikele Stream
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Waihee Stream
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Pesticides in Manoa Stream
INSECTICIDES HERBICIDE
# of samples 26
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Flow and Pesticides in Manoa Stream
0
20
40
60
80
100
Dieldrin Diazinon Carbaryl Malathion Prometon
Freq
uenc
y of
Det
ectio
n
LOW TO MODERATE FLOW
MODERATE TO HIGH FLOW
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0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
1 10 100 1000Instantaneous Discharge (cfs)
Die
ldrin
Con
cent
ratio
n (u
g/L)
Dieldrin and Flow in Manoa Stream
EPA Chronic Water-Quality Criteria Aquatic Life
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Pesticides in Waikele Stream
INSECTICIDESHERBICIDES
# of samples 20
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0
20
40
60
80
100
Bromacil Atrazine Desethyl Diazinon Carbarylatrazine
Flow vs. Pesticides in Waikele Stream
LOW TO MODERATE FLOW
MODERATE TO HIGH FLOW
Freq
uenc
y of
Det
ectio
n
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Dissolved Phosphorus in Waikele Stream
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Dec. 6 Jan. 10 Feb. 14 May 9
Phos
phor
us (
mg/
L as
P)
UPPER SITE
LOWER SITE
HIGH FLOW
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Streambed Sediment and Fish Tissue
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FORESTAGRICULTUREURBAN
Sampling locations
WATERSHEDSAMPLING SITE
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Total chlordane in fish
AG FOREST MIX URBAN
0
1000
2000
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
(n=18)(n=3) (n=8)(n=8)
NY State guideline for protection of birds that eat fish
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Dieldrin in fish
AG FOREST MIX URBAN
300
800
1300
1800
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
(n=18)(n=3) (n=8)(n=8)
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Total DDT in fish
AG FOREST MIX URBAN
50
200
350
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
(n=18)(n=3) (n=8)(n=8)
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Comparison to National NAWQA data
TOTAL CHLORDANE DIELDRIN TOTAL DDT
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
ND ND
1,000
100
10
1
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
URBAN URBANALL AGAG URBAN URBANALL AGAG URBAN URBANALL AGAG
OAHUNATIONAL OAHUNATIONAL OAHUNATIONAL
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PAHs PCBs
OCs
HIGHEST
MIDDLE
LOWEST
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Manoa Stream, Fish Tissue
Dieldrin
0
1500
3000
4500
6000
7500
9000
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Sampling dateTotal Chlordane
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Sampling dateTotal DDT
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Sampling date
Conc
entr
atio
n, u
g/kg
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1
10
100
As Ba Cd Pb Sn ZnELEMENT
ENR
ICHM
ENT
FAC
TOR
(Al-n
orm
aliz
ed) Urban
MixedAgriculture
Streambed Sediment
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Habitat Measurements
a
b
c'
d
e
cc
f
g
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URBAN
FORESTED
Habitat Characterization
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162024283236
162024283236
162024283236
URBAN
MIXED
FOREST
TEM
PERAT
URE
c o
MAXMEAN
MIN
4/99
10/0
0
6/99
8/99
10/9
9
12/9
9
2/00
4/00
6/00
8/00
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Benthic Invertebrates as Indicators of Benthic Invertebrates as Indicators of Stream QualityStream Quality
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Sampling sites
FORESTAGRICULTUREURBAN
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Invertebrate Sampling
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Invertebrate Abundance
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
ABU
ND
ANCE
FOREST URBAN
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Benthic invertebrates and land use
URBAN
FORESTED
CRUSTACEA
MOLLUSCA
ANNELIDA
OTHER (Turbellaria)
INSECTA
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ATYOIDAProcambarus clarkii
Neocaridina denticulata
Macrobrachium lar
Atyoida bisulcata
Crustaceans
OPAE
PRAWNCRAYFISH
SHRIMP
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
MANO
KANE
WKEL
WKAK
WKEA
KALU
WHEEWHOL
PUNB
PUNA
Rel
ativ
e ab
unda
nce
log(
x+1)
Atyoida bisulcataNeocaridina denticulata Macrobrachium larProcambarus clarkii
Crustaceans vs. Land Use
URBAN MIXED FOREST
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Corbicula fluminea
MOLLUSCS
Ferrissia sharpiThiaridae
Neritina granosa Theodoxus vespertinus
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Molluscs vs. Land Use
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7M
ANO
KANE
WKE
L
WKA
K
WKE
A
KALU
WHE
E
WHO
L
PUNB
PUNA
Rel
ativ
e ab
unda
nce
[log
(x+1
)]
Corbicula flumineaFerrissia sharpiThiaridae
URBAN MIXED FOREST
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RATIO OF DIPTERA TO TRICHOPTERA
DIPTERA
TRICHOPTERA
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Ratio of Diptera to Trichoptera
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
PUNAPUNBW
HOLW
HEEW
KEAKANEMANOW
KAKW
KEL
Inse
ct a
bund
ance
Hydroptila
Cheumatopsyche
Limonia
Hemerodromia
Eukiefferiella
Ephydridae
Cricotopus
Ceratopogonidae
Chironomidae
TRICHOPTERA
DIPTERA
HIGH LOWPercent Forest
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WaiakeaWaiau
Onomea
Umauma Kolekole
HAWAII
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OAHU
Kipapa
Waikakalaua
Waikele
ManoaNuuanu
KaluanuiPunaluu
Waihole
Waihee
Kaneohe
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KAUAI
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Native species in Hawaiian streams
Atyoida bisulcataOPAE
Sicyopterus stimpsoniNOPILI
Lentipes concolorALAMOO
Awaous guamensisNAKEA
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Mosquito control
Poecilia sphenopsMOLLY
Gambusia affinisMOSQUITO FISH
Xiphohorus helleriGREEN SWORDTAIL
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Aquarium releases
Hemichromis elongatusJEWEL CICHLID
Hypostumus sp.LORICARID CATFISH
Melanochromis johanniMBUNA
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Food fishes
Sarotherodon melanotheronBLACKCHIN TILAPIA
Ictalurus punctatusCHANNEL CATFISH
Micropterus dolomieuSMALLMOUTH BASS
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Fish Abundance
FOREST URBAN/AG
INTRODUCED
NATIVE
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