Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular...

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Transcript of Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular...

Page 1: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 2: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 3: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Land Plants fall into two major groups

• Non vascular • Vascular

Page 4: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Non-Vascular Plants

• Lack vascular tissue

• Very small• Known as the

bryophytes

Page 5: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

The Bryophytes

Liverworts

Hornworts

Mosses

Page 6: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Liverworts

Page 7: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Liverworts

Thallose Leafy

Page 8: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Mosses

• True mosses

• Sphagnum (Peat) mosses

• Granite mosses

Page 9: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Mosses

• True mosses

• Sphagnum (Peat) mosses

• Granite mosses

Page 10: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

True Mosses

• Consists of structures resembling leaves stems and roots

Page 11: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

True Mosses

• “Leaves” have no veins

• “Stems” have no vascular tissue

Page 12: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

True Mosses

• Reproduces by spores

• Produced in a capsule

Page 13: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

True Mosses – The Sporophyte

• When operculum is shed peristome teeth are exposed

• Peristome regulates spore dispersal

Page 14: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses• Grow in Bogs• Bogs may cover

huge areas

• Moss absorbs water• Water is acidified by

the moss

Page 15: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses

• Unique leaf structure allows leaves to absorb large quantities of water

• Moss absorbs water• Water is acidified by

the moss

Page 16: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses

• Unique leaf structure allows leaves to absorb large quantities of water

• Moss absorbs water• Water is acidified by

the moss

Page 17: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses

• Thick deposits of partially decomposed moss accumulates

• Deposits are known at Peat

Page 18: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Sphagnum and Peat are Harvested for Agriculture and Fuel

Page 19: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Acid pH and capacity for water retention make sphagnum a popular soil amendment

Page 20: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Sphagnum (Peat) Mosses

• Peat has been harvest for centuries and burned for fuel

Page 21: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Bodies buried in Sphagnum Bogs are well preserved

• Acid/anoxic environment retards bacterial growth

Short video Mummies Frozen in Time

Page 22: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 23: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 24: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Land Plants fall into two major groups

• Non vascular • Vascular

Page 25: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Vascular Plants

• Vascular tissue • Some are

seedless• Others produce

seeds

Page 26: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Whisk Ferns Club/Spike Mosses

Horsetails

Ferns

Page 27: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Whisk Ferns

Page 28: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Whisk Ferns

• Dichotomous branching stems

Page 29: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Whisk Ferns

• No roots – underground rhizome only

Page 30: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Whisk Ferns

• No leaves-stem appendages are called enations

Page 31: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Whisk Ferns

• Sporangia attached laterally on stem

Page 32: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 33: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 34: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 35: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Whisk Ferns Club/Spike Mosses

Horsetails

Ferns

Page 36: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Plants with leaves have either microphylls or megaphylls

• Microphyllshave a single vascular strand

• Megaphyllshave a network of vascular strands

Page 37: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Club and Spike Mosses• Stems, roots and

leaves • Leaves are

microphylls

Page 38: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Club and Spike Mosses• Sporangia

produced in axils of leaves

Page 39: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Club and Spike Mosses

• Sporangia produced in axils of leaves

Page 40: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Phyllotactic Transitions in Diphasiastrum digitatumXiaofeng Yin

2. The rhizome gives rise to vertical aerial axes in a pseudo-distichous arrangement which also have spiral phyllotactic pattern of lycophylls.

3. Each aerial axis produces two vegetative branches every year. The vegetative branches produce photosynthetic lycophylls in a decussate phyllotactic pattern.

4. During the third and/or fourth year, some of the vegetative brachlets become radially symmetric whereas others remain dorsiventral.

5. Radially symmetric stems undergo transformation into reproductive organs (sporangiophores) which have spirally arranged lycophylls on the proximal stalk,

6. And sporophylls subtending sporangia arranged in a tricussate phyllotactic pattern on the distal stalk.

RESEARCH GOALS:Characterize phyllotactic patterns of D. digitatum at the level of the shoot apical meristem over three years of

development.Identify phyllotactic pattern transitions of D. digitatum at the level of the shoot apical meristem (SAM).

1

2

3

45

61. Diphasiastrum digitatum

has horizontal rhizomes with spirally arranged lycophylls.

Page 41: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 42: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 43: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Whisk Ferns Club/Spike Mosses

Horsetails

Ferns

Page 44: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Horsetails and Scouring Rushes

Page 45: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Horsetails and Scouring Rushes• Stems jointed• Branches whorled

around stem

Page 46: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Horsetails and Scouring Rushes• Stems ribbed• Silica in cells of the

epidermis

Page 47: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Horsetails and Scouring Rushes

• Leaves small • Reduced megaphylls• Whorled at nodes• Underground rhizome with Roots

Page 48: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Horsetails and Scouring Rushes

• Spores produced in terminal strobilous

Page 49: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes
Page 50: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Whisk Ferns Club/Spike Mosses

Horsetails

Ferns

Page 51: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Ferns

Page 52: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Ferns show great diversity

of form

Page 53: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Ferns have megaphylls

Page 54: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Young fern megaphylls are

called fiddleheads

Page 55: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Fern stems grow vertically or horizontally

Page 56: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Spores are produced on underside of megaphylls

Page 57: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Spores are produced in clusters called Sori

Page 58: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Sori of many ferns are covered by an indusium

Page 59: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Sori of many ferns are covered by an indusium

Page 60: Land Plants fall into two major groups - Miami …meicenrd/BOT155/PowerPointsRDM...Non-Vascular Plants • Lack vascular tissue • Very small • Known as the bryophytes The Bryophytes

Seedless Vascular Plants

Underside of megaphyll

MegaphyllVertical or horizontal

YesFerns

Terminal strobilous

Reduced megaphyll

Ribbed and Jointed

YesHorsetails

Axil of microphyllMicrophyllYesYesClub/Spike Mosses

LateralNoneDichotomous branching

None Whisk Ferns

SPORANGIALEAVESSTEMSROOTSPLANT


Species composition and structure of vascular … Journal of Ecology, 2010, 59, 1, 19Œ38 doi: 10.3176/eco.2010.1.02 19 Species composition and structure of vascular plants and bryophytes

Species composition and structure of vascular … Journal of Ecology, 2010, 59, 1, 19Œ38 doi: 10.3176/eco.2010.1.02 19 Species composition and structure of vascular plants and bryophytes

Ashdown Forest bryophytes

Ashdown Forest bryophytes

Lab 12: Bryophytes : Mosses and Liverworts (and … · Bryophytes • Plants without well developed vascular systems. • Sporophyte (diploid generation) is attached to and dependent

Lab 12: Bryophytes : Mosses and Liverworts (and … · Bryophytes • Plants without well developed vascular systems. • Sporophyte (diploid generation) is attached to and dependent

Kingdom Plantae Vascular Non-vascular plants KINGDOM PLANTAE NON-VASCULAR PLANTS ‘ no plumbing’ TERRESTRIAL Mosses The Bryophytes AQUATIC Algae Phylum.

Kingdom Plantae Vascular Non-vascular plants KINGDOM PLANTAE NON-VASCULAR PLANTS ‘ no plumbing’ TERRESTRIAL Mosses The Bryophytes AQUATIC Algae Phylum.

Non-Vascular Plants - Bryophytes

Non-Vascular Plants - Bryophytes

Bryophytes Morphology

Bryophytes Morphology

22-2 Bryophytes Definition: small, seedless, non-vascular plants –Non-vascular: lack special tissues that carry H 2 O and nutrients throughout plant Habitat:

22-2 Bryophytes Definition: small, seedless, non-vascular plants –Non-vascular: lack special tissues that carry H 2 O and nutrients throughout plant Habitat:

PLANT KINGDOM. NON-VASCULAR PLANTS BRYOPHYTES -First to evolve on land -No vascular tissue -Dependent on diffusion and osmosis -Grow in mats of low, tangled.

PLANT KINGDOM. NON-VASCULAR PLANTS BRYOPHYTES -First to evolve on land -No vascular tissue -Dependent on diffusion and osmosis -Grow in mats of low, tangled.

Bryophytes, Molluscs , Porifera

Bryophytes, Molluscs , Porifera

PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION THE PHYLOGENY OF PLANTS… Charophytes (green algae) Bryophytes (non vascular) Trachoephytes (seedless, vascular) Gymnosperms.

PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION THE PHYLOGENY OF PLANTS… Charophytes (green algae) Bryophytes (non vascular) Trachoephytes (seedless, vascular) Gymnosperms.

Sinkyone State Parks Cover · Recovery and Management Plan. Marine Region, CA. CDFG, Natural Diversity Database. 2002. Special Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Lichens List. Biannual

Sinkyone State Parks Cover · Recovery and Management Plan. Marine Region, CA. CDFG, Natural Diversity Database. 2002. Special Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Lichens List. Biannual

Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Algae Bryophytes The nonvascular plants Tracheophytes Vascular plants Early vascular plants Ferns and Fern Allies Whisk ferns.

Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Algae Bryophytes The nonvascular plants Tracheophytes Vascular plants Early vascular plants Ferns and Fern Allies Whisk ferns.

BI 101: Non-vascular plants - Linn–Benton Community Collegecf.linnbenton.edu/mathsci/bio/bienekr/upload/BI 101 Lec... · 2013-11-13 · Bryophytes: non vascular plants: Liverworts

BI 101: Non-vascular plants - Linn–Benton Community Collegecf.linnbenton.edu/mathsci/bio/bienekr/upload/BI 101 Lec... · 2013-11-13 · Bryophytes: non vascular plants: Liverworts

4.6. Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi4.6. Vascular ... · Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi Introduction ... vascular tissue. They include seed-bearing plants (flowering

4.6. Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi4.6. Vascular ... · Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Fungi Introduction ... vascular tissue. They include seed-bearing plants (flowering

The performance of single- and multi-proxy transfer ... · bryophytes, vascular plants) ... examples of terrestrialisation with floating Sphagnum mats near the ... In practice, however,

The performance of single- and multi-proxy transfer ... · bryophytes, vascular plants) ... examples of terrestrialisation with floating Sphagnum mats near the ... In practice, however,

KINGDOM PLANTAE Rivanna Master NaturalistsKingdom Plantae 400,000 species • Non-vascular: Bryophytes: mosses, liverworts, hornworts • Vascular (specialized ssue that conducts water,

KINGDOM PLANTAE Rivanna Master NaturalistsKingdom Plantae 400,000 species • Non-vascular: Bryophytes: mosses, liverworts, hornworts • Vascular (specialized ssue that conducts water,

Introduction to Bryophytes

Introduction to Bryophytes

PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless.

PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless.

Ax Bryophytes

Ax Bryophytes

Bryophytes Pellet VersionHR

Bryophytes Pellet VersionHR