Lampiran A asam Terepthalat

LAMPIRAN A

PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Kapasitas produksi : 300.000 ton/tahun

Basis perhitungan : 1 jam operasi

Satuan operasi : kg/jam

Waktu operasi per tahun : 330 hari

Kapasitas tiap jam : =(300.000tontahun )×( 1 tahun

330hari )×( 1hari24 jam )×(100 kg

1 ton )¿37.797,51

kgjam

Tabel A.1. Data Berat Molekul masing-masing Komponen

No. Komponen Berat Molekul (kg/kmol)

1 C6H4(COOH)2 166,131

2 4CBA 150,131

3 C6H4(CH3)2 106,165

4 Co(II)(CH3COO)2 153,060

5 CH3COOH 60,052

6 H2O 18,015

7 O2 31,999

8 N2 28,013

Komposisi produk:

- Konversi P-xylene : 98 %

Reaksi utama:

C6H4(CH3)2 + 3O2 C6H4(COOH)2 + 2H2O

(P-xylene) (Oksigen) (TPA) (Air)

Reaksi samping:

C6H4(CH3)2 + 2,5O2 C6H4(COOH)(CHO) + 2H2O

(P-xylene) (Oksigen) (4CBA) (Air)

LA-1

Dasar perhitungan:

Diketahui

- P-xylena = 65 kg/100kg TPA

- Asam asetat = 10 kg/100kg TPA

- Kobalt asetat = 0,1 kg/100kg TPA (Ichikawa, 2009)

Perhitungan umpan continuemelalui alur maju:

Basis perhitungan adalah 37878,7878 kg/jam TPA

- P-xylena

¿65kg

100kg× produksi TPA

¿65kg

100kg×37878.78788 kg / jam

F1 C6H4 (CH3)2= 24621,212 kg/jam

- Asam asetat

¿10kg

100kg× produksi TPA

¿10kg

100kg×37878.78788 kg / jam

F2CH3COOH = 3787,879 kg/jam

Komposisi asam asetat

- CH3COOH = 99%

CH 3COOH=3787.879kgjam

×99 %

¿3750.000kg / jam

- H2O = 1%

CH 3COOH=3787.879kgjam

×1 %

¿37.879kg / jam

- Cobalt asetat

LA-2

¿0.1kg100kg

× produksi TPA

¿0.1kg100kg

×37878.78788 kg / jam

F3 Co(II)(CH3COO)2 = 37,879 kg/jam

LA.1 Mixing Tank (MT-101)

F1

F2

F4

Neraca massa total :

F1 + F2 + F3 + F23(recycle) = F4

Neraca massa komponen:

1. Kobalt asetat

F23 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 + F1Co(II )(CH3COO)2 + F2Co(II )(CH3COO)2 + F3 Co(II )

(CH3COO)2 = F4 Co(II )(CH3COO)2

34,09 kg/jam + 0 + 0 + 3,7.88 kg/jam = F4 Co(II )(CH3COO)2

F4 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = 37,879 kg/jam

2. P-xylena

F23 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + F1 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + F2 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + F3 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = F4 C6H4

(CH3 )2`

448,69 kg/jam + 24.172,51 kg/jam + 0 + 0 = F4 C6H4 (CH3 )2`

F4 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 24.621,212 kg/jam

3. Asam asetat

LA-3

F3

F23

F23 CH3COOH + F1 CH3COOH + F2CH3COOH + F3 CH3COOH = F4

CH3COOH

3409,68 kg/jam + 0 + 340,31 kg/jam + 0 = F4 CH3COOH

F4 CH3COOH = 3.750 kg/jam

4. Air

F23 H2O + F1 H2O + F2 H2O + F3 H2O = F4 H2O

154,34 kg/jam + 0 + (F2CH3COOH x 1%) + 0 = F4 H2O

154,34 kg/jam + 0 + (340,31 kg/jam x 1%) + 0 = F4 H2O

154,34 kg/jam + 0 + 3,403 kg/jam + 0 = F4 H2O

F4 H2O = 157,74 kg/jam

Tabel A.2 Neraca Massa di Mix Tank

Komponen

Aliran

masuk 23

Aliran

masuk 1

Aliran

masuk 2

Aliran

masuk 3

Aliran

keluar4

kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam

P-xylena 448,69 24.172,51 24.621,2

Asam Asetat 3409,68 340,317 3.750

air 154,34 3,403 157,74

cobalt asetat 34,09 3,788 37,87

Total 4046,81 24.172,51 343,72 3,788 28.564,62

28.564,62 28.564,62

LA.2 Reaktor (R-201)

F6

F4 F7

LA-4

F5


F4+ F5 = F6 + F7+ r1 + r2

Data dari neraca massa di tangki pencampuran:

- F4 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 24621.2 kg/jam

N4 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 24621.2 kg/jam / BM

= 24621.2 kg/jam / 106.165 kg/kmol

= 232.276 kmol/jam

- F4Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = 37.8788 kg/jam

- N4Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = 37.8788 kg/jam / BM

= 37.8788 kg/jam / 153.060 kg/kmol

= 0.24757 kmol/jam

- F4 CH3COOH = 3750 kg/jam

N4 CH3COOH = 3750 kg/jam / BM

= 3750 kg/jam / 60.02 kg/kmol

= 62.5 kmol/jam

- F4 H2O = 157,74 kg/jam

N4 H2O = 157,74 kg/jam / BM

= 157,74 kg/jam / 18 kg/kmol

= 8,641 kmol/jam

Perhitungan kebutuhan O2:

1 kmol P-xylena = 3 kmol oksigen

= 3 x 232,276 kmol/jam

= 696,828 kmol/jam

= 696,828 kmol/jam x BM

= 696,828 kmol/jam x 32 kg/kmol

= 22.298,496 kg/jam

LA-5

Oksigen ekses = 40 % dari persamaan stokiometri. (Zhou,2011)

N5O2 = (100% + 40% ) × N5O2

= (100% + 40% ) × 696,828 kmol/jam

N5O2 = 975,559 kmol/jam

F5O2 = 975,559 kmol/jam x BM


= 31.217,894 kg/jam

Kompoosisi udara:

Nitrogen = 79%

Oksigen = 21%

N5N2 = 79/21 x 975,55 kmol/jam

= 3.669,926 kmol/jam

F5N2 = 3.669,926 kmol/jam x BM

= 3.669,926 kmol/jam x 28 kg/kmol

= 102.757,933 kg/jam

Reaksi 1 (utama):

C6H4(CH3)2 + 3O2 C6H4(COOH)2 + 2H2O

P-xylene Oksigen TPA Air

Reaksi 2 (samping):

C6H4(CH3)2 + 2,5O2 C6H4(COOH)(CHO) + 2H2O

P-xylene Oksigen 4CBA Air


1. P-xylene

Konversi P-xylena adalah 98%

- P-xylene yang bereaksi = N4 C6H4 (CH3 )2 x X

= 232,276 kmol/jam x 0,98

= 227,63 kmol/jam

LA-6

- N7 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = N4 C6H4 (CH3 )2 – P-xylene yang bereaksi

N7 C6H4 (CH3 )2 =( 232,276 - 227,63) kmol/jam

= 4,646 kmol/jam

- F7 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 4.646 kmol/jam x BM

= 4.646 kmol/jam x 106.165 kg/kmol

= 492,424 kg/jam

2. Asam Terepthalat

Selektivitas asam terephtalat 95%

- N7 C6H4(COOH)2 = N4 C6H4(COOH)2 + r1

= 0 + (227,63 kmol/jam x 0,95)

N7 C6H4(COOH)2 = 216,248 kmol/jam

- F7 C6H4(COOH)2 = 216,248 kmol/jam x BM

=216,248 kmol/jam x 166,131 kg/kmol

= 35.897,168 kg/jam

3. 4CBA

Selektivitas 4 CBA 5%

- N7 CHOC6H4COOH = N4 CHOC6H4COOH + r2

N7 CHOC6H4COOH = 0 + (227,63 kmol/jam x 0.05)

= 11,382 kmol/jam

- F7 CHOC6H4COOH = 11,382 kmol/jam x BM

= 11,382 kmol/jam x 150,131 kg/kmol

= 1707,3 kg/jam

4. Oksigen

- N 6O2 = N5O2 - 3r1 – 2,5r2

N 6O2 = 975,559 kmol/jam - 3(227.63 kmol/jam x 0.95) - 2.5(227.63 kmol/jam

x 0.05)

N 6O2 = 298,35 kmol/jam

LA-7

- F6O2 = 298,35 kmol/jam x BM


= 9.547,45 kg/jam

5. Air

- N7 H2O = N4 H2O + r1 + r2

N7 H2O = 8,641 kmol/jam + 2(227.63 kmol/jam x 0.95) + 2(227.63 kmol/jam

x 0.05)

N7 H2O = 463,901 kmol/jam

- F7 H2O = 463,901 kmol/jam x BM


= 8350,216 kg/jam

6. Kobalt asetat

- F7Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = F4Co(II )(CH3COO)2

= 37,879 kg/jam

7. Asam asetat

- F7 CH3COOH = F4 CH3COOH

= 3.750,0 kg/jam

8. Nitrogen

- F6N2 = F5N2

= 102.757,933 kg/jam

Tabel A.3 Neraca Massa di Reaktor

komponen Aliran masuk 4 Aliran masuk 5 Aliran keluar 6 Aliran keluar 7kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam

P-xylena 24.621,2 492,424Asam asetat 3.750 3.750

air 157,74 8350,216cobalt 37,87 37,8788

O2 31.217,839 9.547,45

LA-8

N2 102.758,71 102.758,71 4CBA 1.707,226PTA 35.897,26

Total 28.564,62 133.976,55 112.306,175 50.235,007162.541,182 162.541,182

LA.3 Surge Vessel (SV-201)

F9

F7

F8


F7 = F8 + F9

Perhitungan Flash calculation:

Komponen yg mengalami flash ialah P-xylene, asam asetat, dan air dengan komposisi:

Tabel A.4 Komposisi feed aliran F7

Komponen dalam F7 kmol/jam %

Air 463,90 87,3

Asam asetat 62,50 11,7

P-xylene 4,646 0,87

Jumlah 531,04 100

Tekanan dari 15atm menjadi 1 atm

Dengan menggunakan persamaan antoine didapat tekanan jenuh masing-masing

komponen dalam 102°C:

LA-9

Antoine A B CP-xilena 16.0963 3346.65 -57.84A asetat 16.808 3,405.570 -56.340air 18.304 3,816.440 -46.130

lnP=A−( BT+C )

P1 airsat = 815,812 mmhg

P2 asam asetatsat = 457,54 mmhg

P3 P=xylenesat = 257,07 mmhg

Pbubl = (x1 . P1sat + x2 . P2

sat + x3 . P3sat)

= 0,873 x 815,81 + 0,117 x 457,54 + 0,00874 x 257,07)

= 768,75 mmhg

PDew=1

x1

P1sat+

x2

P2sat+

x3

P3sat

PDew = 734,19 mmhg

Karena tekanan operasi 760 mmhg berada diantara Pbubl = 768,75 mmhg dan PDew =

734,19 maka dapat dilakukan perhitungan flash calculation.

K1 air = P1sat/P

= ( 815,81/ 760) mmhg

= 1,07

K2 asam asetat = P2sat/P

= ( 457,54/ 760) mmhg

= 0,60

K3 P-xylene = P3sat/P

= ( 257,07/ 760) mmhg

= 0,33

LA-10

(x1 . k1)1+V (k1−1)

+(x2 . k2)

1+V (k2−1)+

(x3 . k3)1+V (k 3−1)

=1

(0,873 x1,07)1+V (1,07−1)

+(0,117 x 0,60)1+V (0,60−1)

+(0,0087 x0,33)1+V (0,33−1)

=1 (Van ness, 2005)

Dengan cara iterasi didapat nilai vapor (V) = 0,2717

V = 0,2717 x F

= 0,2717 x 531,04kmol

= 144,28 kmol

L = F – V

= (531,04 – 144,28) kmol

= 386,76 kmol

Menentukan komposisi uap:

- Air

y1=x1k 1

1+V (k 1−1)

y1=(0,873x 1,07)

1+0,2717(1,07−1)

y1 = 0,919

= 0,919 x 144,2 kmol/jam

= 132,65 kmol/jam

=132,65 kmol/jam x BM

= 132,65 kmol/jam x 18

= 2.387,7 kg/jam

- Asam asetat

LA-11

y2=x2k 2

1+V (k 2−1)

y2=(0,117 x 0,60)

1+0,2717(0,60−1)

y2 = 0,079

= 0.079 x 144,2 kmol/jam

= 11,46 kmol/jam


= 11,46 kmol/jam x 60

= 687,75 kg/jam

- P-xylene

y3=x3 k3

1+V (k3−1)

y3=(0,0087 x0,33)

1+0,2717 (0,33−1)

y1 = 0,0036

= 0.0036 x 144,2 kmol/jam

= 0,52 kmol/jam


= 0,52 kmol/jam x 106

= 55,17 kg/jam


1. Asam Terephthalat

F7 C6H4(COOH)2 = F8 C6H4(COOH)2 + F9C6H4(COOH)2

35.897,26kg/jam = F8 C6H4(COOH)2 + 0

F8 C6H4(COOH)2 = 35.897,26 kg/jam

2. 4CBA

F7 CHOC6H4COOH = F8 CHOC6H4COOH + F9 CHOC6H4COOH

1.707,22 kg/jam = F8 CHOC6H4COOH + 0

LA-12

F8 CHOC6H4COOH = 1.707,22 kg/jam

3. P-xylena

Dari perhitungan flash calculation diatas didapat:

- N9 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 55,17 kg/jam

- N8 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = N7 C6H4 (CH3 )2 - N9 C6H4 (CH3 )

= (492,42 – 55,17) kg/jam

= 437,24 kg/jam

4. Kobalt Asetat

F7 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = F8 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 + F9 Co(II )(CH3COO)2

37,878 kg/jam = F8 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 + 0


5. Asam Asetat


- N9 CH3COOH = 687,75 kg.jam

- N8 CH3COOH = N7 CH3COOH – N9 CH3COOH

= (3.750 - 687,75) kg/jam

= 3.062,24 kg/jam

6. Air


- N9 H2O = 2.387,72 kg/jam

- N8 H2O = N7H2O - N9 H2O

= (8.350,21 - 2.387,72) kg/jam

= 5.962,49 kg/jam

Tabel A.5 Neraca Massa Di Surge Vessel

LA-13

komponenAliran masuk 7 Aliran keluar 8 Aliran keluar 9

kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam

P-xylena 492,4242 437,24 55,17

Asam asetat 3.750 3.062,24 687,75

air 8.350,21 5.962,49 2.387,72

cobalt 37,87 37,87

4CBA 1.707,226 1.707,26

PTA 35.897,26 35.897,26

Total50.235,007 47.104,35 3.130,65

50.235,007 50.235,007

LA.4 Centrifugasi (S-301)

F8 F10

F11


F8 = F10 + F11

Data: Efisiensi Centrifuges 90% liquid dari F8 menuju F10 (Coulson,1985)


1. Asam terephthalat

F8 C6H4(COOH)2 = F11 C6H4(COOH)2 + F10C6H4(COOH)2

35.897,26 kg/jam = F11 C6H4(COOH)2 + 0

F11 C6H4(COOH)2 = 35.897,26 kg/jam

2. 4CBA

LA-14




3. P-xylena

- F10C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 90% x F8 C6H4 (CH3 )2

= 0,9 x 437,24 kg/jam

= 393,52 kg/jam

- F11 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + F10C6H4 (CH3 )2 = F8 C6H4 (CH3 )2

F11 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + 393,52 kg/jam = 437,24 kg/jam

F11 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = (437,24 - 393,52) kg/jam

= 43,72 kg/jam

4. Kobalt asetat

- F10 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = 90% x F8 Co(II )(CH3COO)2

= 0,9 x 37,879 kg/jam

= 34,09 kg/jam

- F 11 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 + F10 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = F8 Co(II )(CH3COO)2

F11 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 + 34,09 kg/jam = 37,879 kg/jam

F11 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = (37,879 - 34,09) kg/jam

= 3,787 kg/jam

5. Asam asetat

- F10 CH3COOH = 90% x F8 CH3COOH

= 0,9 x 3.062,24 kg/jam

= 2.756,01 kg/jam

- F11 CH3COOH + F10 CH3COOH = F8 CH3COOH

F11 CH3COOH + 2.756,01 kg/jam = 3.062,24 kg/jam

F11 CH3COOH = (3.062,24 – 2.756,01) kg/jam

= 306,22 kg/jam

6. Air

- F10 H2O = 90% x F8 H2O

LA-15

= 0,9 x 5.962,49 kg/jam

= 5.366,24 kg/jam

- F11 H2O + F10 H2O = F8 H2O

F11 H2O + 5290,63 kg/jam = 5.878,48 kg/jam

F11 H2O = (5.962,49 – 5.366,24) kg/jam

= 596,24 kg/jam

Tabel A.6 Neraca Massa di Centrifugasi



P-xylena 437,24 393,52 43,72

Asam asetat 3.062,24 2.756,01 306,22

air 5.962,49 5.366,24 596,24

cobalt 37,87 34,09 3,78

4CBA 1.707,22 1.707,22

PTA 35.897,26 35.897,26

Total47.104,35 8.549,87 38.554,47

47.104,35 47.104,35

LA.5 Rotary Dryer (RD-301)

F11

F13

LA-16

F12


F11= F12 + F13

Data: Efisiensi Rotary Dryer 80% liquid dari F11 menuju F13 (Woods, 2007)


1. Asam terephthalat

F11 C6H4(COOH)2 = F12 C6H4(COOH)2 + F13 C6H4(COOH)2

35.897,26 kg/jam = F12 C6H4(COOH)2 + 0

F12 C6H4(COOH)2 = 35.897,26 kg/jam

2. 4CBA




3. Kobalt asetat




4. P-xylena

F11 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = F12 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + F13 C6H4 (CH3 )2

- F13 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 80% x F11 C6H4 (CH3 )2 2

= 0,8 x 43,725 kg/jam

= 34,97 kg/jam

- F12 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = F11 C6H4 (CH3 )2 - F13 C6H4 (CH3 )2

= (43,725 - 34,97) kg/jam

= 8,745 kg/jam

LA-17

5. Asam asetat

F11 CH3COOH = F12 CH3COOH + F13 CH3COOH

- F13 CH3COOH = 80% x F11CH3COOH

= 0,8 x 306,22 kg/jam

= 244,97 kg/jam

- F12 CH3COOH = F 11 CH3COOH - F13 CH3COOH

= (306,22 - 244,97) kg/jam

= 61,24 kg/jam

6. Air

F11H2O = F12H2O + F13H2O

- F13H2O = 80% x F11H2O

= 0,8 x 596,24 kg/jam

= 476,99 kg/jam

- F12H2O = F11H2O - F13H2O

= (596,24 - 476,99) kg/jam

= 119,25 kg/jam

Tabel A.7 Neraca Massa di Rotary Dryer



P-xylena 43,72 8,74 34,97

Asam asetat 306,22 61,24 244,97

air 596,24 119,25 476,99

cobalt 3,78 3,78 0

4CBA 1.707,22 1.707,22 0

PTA 35.897,26 35.897,26 0

Total38.554,47 37.797,51 756,95

38.554,47 38554,47

LA-18


F9

F10 F14


F9 + F10 = F14


1. P-xylena

F9 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + F10 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = F14 C6H4 (CH3 )2

F14 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 55,176 kg/jam + 393,523 kg/jam

= 448,69 kg/jam

2. Kobalt asetat

F9 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 + F10 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = F14 Co(II )(CH3COO)2

0 + 34,09 kg/jam = F14 Co(II )(CH3COO)2


3. Asam asetat

F9 CH3COOH + F10 CH3COOH = F14 CH3COOH

F14 CH3COOH = 687,75 kg/jam + 2.756,01 kg/jam

= 3.443,77 kg/jam

4. Air

F9H2O + F10H2O = F14H2O

F14H2O = 2.387,72 kg/jam + 5.366,24 kg/jam

=7.753,96 kg/jam

LA-19

Tabel A.8 Neraca Massa di Mixing Tank

komponen Aliran masuk 9 Aliran masuk 10 Aliran keluar 14


P-xylena 55,17 393,52 448,69

Asam asetat 687,75 2.756,01 3.443,77

air 2.387,72 5.366,24 7.753,96

cobalt 34,09 34,09

Total 3.130,65 8.549,87 11.680,53

11.680,53 11.680,53

LA.7 Evaporator (E-401)

F16

F14

F15

Diinginkan 99% air dan asam asetat menguap


F14 = F15+ F16


1. P-xylena

F14 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = F15 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + F16 C6H4 (CH3 )2

448,69 kg/jam = F15 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + 0

F15 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 448,69 kg/jam

2. Kobalt asetat

LA-20




3. Asam asetat

Diinginkan 99% asam asetat menguap

F14 CH3COOH = F15 CH3COOH + F16 CH3COOH

- F16 CH3COOH = 99% x F14 CH3COOH

= 0,99 x 3.443,77 kg/jam

= 3.409,33 kg/jam

- F15 CH3COOH = F14CH3COOH - F16 CH3COOH

= (3.443,77 – 3.409,33) kg/jam

= 34,43 kg/jam

4. Air

- F14H2O = F15H2O + F16H2O

F16H2O = 99% x F14H2O

= 0,99 x 7.753,96 kg/jam

= 7.676,42 kg/jam

- F15H2O = F14H2O - F16H2O

= (7.753,96 – 7.676,42) kg/jam

= 77,54 kg/jam

Tabel A.9 Neraca Massa di Evaporator



P-xylena 448,69 448,69

Asam asetat 3.443,77 34,43 3.409,33

air 7.753,96 77,54 7.676,42

cobalt 34,09 34,09

Total 11.680,53 594,76 11.085,76

LA-21

11.680,53 11.680,53

LA.8 Destilasi (MD-401)

F19

F16

F21


F16 = F19 + F21

Diasumsikan

99% air menguap menuju destilat99% asam asetat menuju buttom destilasi

Neraca massa komponen

1. Air

F19H2O = F16H2O×99%

=7.676,427 kg/jam × 0,99

=7.599,66 kg/jam

F21H2O = F16H2O - F19H2O

= 7.676,427 kg/jam - 7.599,66 kg/jam

= 76,76 kg/jam

2. Asam asetat

F21 CH3COOH= F16 CH3COOH × 99%

= 3.409,33 kg/jam × 0,99

= 3.375,24 kg/jam

F19 CH3COOH = F16 CH3COOH - F21 CH3COOH

= 3.409,33 kg/jam - 3.375,24 kg/jam

= 34,09 kg/jam

LA-22

Tabel A.10 Neraca Massa di Destilasi

komponen Aliran masuk 16 Aliran keluar 19 Aliran keluar 21kg/jam kg/jam kg/jam

Asam asetat 3.409,33 34,09 3.375,24air 7.676,427 7.599,66 77,76

Total 11.085,76 7.633,75 3.452,00911.085,76 11.085,76

Data Bilangan Antoine

Komponen A B CAsam asetat 16.808 3,405.570 -56.340air 18.304 3,816.440 -46.130

Dimana : P = mmhg

T = Kelvin

A. Menentukan Bubble point pada umpan

Dengan menggunakan persamaan antoine:

ln P=A−( BT +C )

a. Menggunakan suhu tebakan 100°C didapat tekanan masing-masing:

P satair = 427,70 mmhg

P satasam asetat = 759,94 mmhg

b. Kemudian dicari nilai K1 menggunakan rumus :

k 1=P sat

P

P asumsi awal = 760 mmhg

K1air=759,9760

=1,00

K1asam asetat=427,70

760=0,563

c. Mencari nilai α

Komponen kunci ialah air dikarenakan kemudahan menguapnya.

α asamasetat=k1asam asetat

k1air (komponen kunci)

=0,5631,00

=0,563

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α air=k1air

k1air(komponen kunci)

=1,001,00

=1,00

d. Mencari nilai α.xi

xi asam asetat = 11,9% kmol

xi air = 88,1% kmol

sehingga didapat:

α.xi asam asetat = 0,563 x 0,119 = 0,067

α.xi air = 1,00 x 0,881 = 0,881

α.xi total = α.xi asam asetat + α.xi air = 0,948

e. Mencari nilai Kc:

Kcbubl=1

∑ α . xi

¿ 10,948

=1,055

f. Menghitung Pbaru (tekanan)

Pbaru = Kc x Pawal

= 1,055 x 760

= 801 mmhg

g. Menghitung Tbaru (temperatur) menggunakan hokum raoult

T baru=( BA−lnP )−C

¿( 3.816,4418,30−ln 801,72 )−(−46,13)

= 374,65 kelvin

= 101,507°C

Dengan menggunakan perhitungan berulang didapat suhu konstan di feed adalah 374,66

kelvin atau 101,5°C.

B. Menentukan Bubble point pada bottom


ln P=A−( BT +C )

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k 1=P sat

P


K1air=1346,28

760=1,77


760=0,968

c. Mencari nilai α


α asamasetat=k1asamasetat


=0,9681,77

=0,547

α air=k1air


=1,771,77

=1,00


xi asam asetat = 93% kmol

xi air = 7% kmol

sehingga didapat:

α.xi asam asetat = 0,93 x 0,547 = 0,509

α.xi air = 0,070 x 1,00 = 0,070



Kcbubl=1

∑ α . xi

¿ 10,578

=1,729


Pbaru = Kc x Pawal

= 1,729 x 760

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= 1314,31 mmhg

g. Menghitung Tbaru (temperatur) menggunakan hokum raoult


T baru=( BA−lnP )−C=( 3.816,44

18,30−ln1314,31 )−(−46,13)

= 389,257 kelvin

= 116,107°C

Dengan menggunakan perhitungan berulang didapat suhu konstan di buttom adalah

389,221 kelvin atau 116,07°C.

C. Menentukan Dew point pada Destilat


ln P=A−( BT +C )





k 1=P sat

P


K1air=522,91

760=0,688


760=0,394

c. Mencari nilai α


α asamasetat=k1asam asetat


=0,3940,688

=0,573

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α air=k1air


=0,6880,688

=1,00


xi asam asetat = 0,1% kmol

xi air = 99,9% kmol

sehingga didapat:

α.xi asam asetat = 0,001/ 0,573 = 0,002

α.xi air = 0,999/ 1,00 = 0,999



Kc =Yi/ α

= 1,001


Pbaru = Kc x Pawal

= 1,001 x 760

= 760,772 mmhg

g. Menghitung Tbaru (temperatur) menggunakan hukum raoult


T baru=( BA−lnP )−C=( 3.816,44

18,30−ln760,772 )−(−46,13)

= 373,181 kelvin

= 100,031°C

Dengan menggunakan perhitungan berulang didapat suhu konstan di destilat adalah

373,181 kelvin atau 100,031°C.

D. Menghitung reflux

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Tabel A.11 komposisi umpan masuk

komponen Kmol/jam % kmol

Asam asetat 56,8223 0,1175

Air 426,46 0,8824

Jumlah 483,29 1

Data kesetimbangan asam asetat – air :

Tabel A.12 kesetimbangan asetat -air

Air (mol/mol) (x) Air (mol/mol) (y)

0,85 0,9083

0,8824 y

0,9 0,9423

Dari tabel diatas didapat nilai y pada x :

x = 0,8824

y = 0,9303

kemurnian air yang diinginkan xD : 0,99

Rm=xD− y '

y '−x ' (Mc. Cabe, 1993)

Rm= 0,99−0,93030,9303−0,8824

Rm = 1,2463

R = 1,5 Rm (Geankoplis)

R = 1,5 x 1,2463

= 1,8695

Kondensor

Alur 18 (reflux kondensor)

R : Ld/D = 1,8695

Total : Ld (N18) = R.D

= 1,8695 x 422,77 kmol/jam

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= 790,38 kmol/jam

Air : N18H2O= xD. N18

= 0.998 x 790,38 kmol/jam

= 789,3177 kmol/jam

F18H2O = 789,3177 x BM

= 789,3177 x 18

=14.207,71 kg/jam

Asam asetat : N18asam asetat = xD. N18

= 0.0013 x 790,38 kmol/jam

= 1,0623 kmol/jam

F18 asam asetat = 1,0623 x BM

= 1,0623 x 60

= 63,738 kg/jam

Alur 17 (umpan kondensor)

Total : Vd (N17) = Ld + D

= (790,38 + 422,77) kmol/jam

= 1.213,152 kmol/jam

Air : N17H2O= xD. N17

= 0.998 x 1.213,152 kmol/jam

= 1.211,52 kmol/jam

F17H2O = 1.211,52 x BM

= 1.211,52 x 18

= 21.807,38 kg/jam

Asam asetat : N17asam asetat = xD. N17

= 0.0013 x 1213,152 kmol/jam

= 1,6305 kmol/jam

F17 asam asetat = 1,6305 x BM

= 1,6305 x 60

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= 97,83 kg/jam

Neraca massa Total condenser

Tabel A.13 Neraca massa condensor

Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)

Aliran 17 Aliran 18 Aliran 19

Asam asetat 97,83 63,738 34,09

air 21.807,38 14.207,71 7.599,66

Total 21.905,21 14271,45 7.633,75

21.905,21 21.905,21

Reboiler

Lb = Ld + F

Alur 20 (umpan reboiler)

Total : Lb (N20) = Ld + F

= 790,38 + 483,290 kmol/jam

=1273,67 kmol/jam

Air : N20H2O= xB. N20

= 0.07 x 1273,67 kmol/jam

= 89,7539 kmol/jam

F20H2O = 89,7539 x BM

= 89,7539 x 18

= 1.615,57 kg/jam

Asam asetat : N20asam asetat = xB. N20

= 0.9295 x 1273,67kmol/jam

= 1.183,9165 kmol/jam

F20 asam asetat = 1.183,9165 x BM

= 1.183,9165 x 60

= 71.034,99 kg/jam

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Alur 22(reflux reboiler)

Total : Vb (N22) = Lb - B

= (1.273,67 + 60,519) kmol/jam

= 1.213,152 kmol/jam

Air : N22H2O= xB. N22

= 0.07 x 1.213,152 kmol/jam

= 85,4892 kmol/jam

F22H2O = 85,4892 x BM

= 85,4892 x 18

= 1.538,80 kg/jam

Asam asetat : N22asam asetat = xB. N22

= 0.9295 x 1213,152 kmol/jam

= 1.127,662 kmol/jam

F22 asam asetat = 1.127,662 x BM

= 1.127,662 x 60

= 67.659,74 kg/jam

Neraca massa Total reboiler

Tabel A.14 Neraca massa reboiler

Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Keluar (kg/jam)

Aliran 20 Aliran 21 Aliran 22

Asam asetat 71.034,99 3.375,24 67.659,74

air 1615,57 76,764 1.538,80

Total 72.650,56 3.452,01 69.198,55

72.650,56 72.650,56


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F15 F21

F23


F15 + F21= F23


1. P-xylena

F15 C6H4 (CH3 )2 + F21 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = F23 C6H4 (CH3 )2

448,69 kg/jam + 0 = F23 C6H4 (CH3 )2

F23 C6H4 (CH3 )2 = 448,69 kg/jam

2. Kobalt asetat

F15 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 + F21 Co(II )(CH3COO)2 = F23 Co(II )(CH3COO)2

34,09 kg/jam + 0 = F23 Co(II )(CH3COO)2


3. Asam asetat

F15 CH3COOH + F21 CH3COOH = F23 CH3COOH

34,43 kg/jam + 3.375,24 kg/jam = F23 CH3COOH

F23 CH3COOH = 3409,68 kg/jam

4. Air

F15H2O + F21H2O = F23H2O

77,54 kg/jam + 76,76 kg/jam = F23H2O

F23H2O = 154,30 kg/jam

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Tabel A.15 Neraca massa mixing tank (MT-402)

komponen Aliran masuk 15 Aliran masuk 21 Aliran keluar 23


P-xylena 448.699 448.699

Asam asetat 34.438 3375.245 3409.683

air 77,54 76,76 154,34

cobalt 34.091 34.091

Total 594.768 3452.009 4046.77

4046.81 4046.81

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Lampiran A asam Terepthalat

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