1

(1) bl fdrkc esa bYe lkeqfnzd dh vfyI+kQ cs (35 gjI+kQ) eqO+kQEey rkSj ij nsus dh dksf'k'k

dh x;h gSA blfy, igys reke dh reke fdrkc dks 'kq: ls vkf[+kj rd [+kwc X+kkSj ls i<+uk dksbZ

ek;uh nsxkA D;ksafd ,d I+kQjeku nwljs ls fcYdqy tqnk gksrk pyk x;k gSA bl rjg ij rtqcsZ dh

eqn~nr o T+;knrh dk vlkZ bl fdrkc dk vlyh eryc o I+kQk;nk [+kqn c [+kqn le>k,xkA flI+kZQ

,d gh nI+kQk i<+us ls dksbZ eryc gkfly u gksxkA

(2) bl bYe dh cqfu;kn ij fdrkc dh ftYn yky gYokuh jax balkuh gkFk esa eqckjd iQy

nsxhA yky jax ds cX+kSj fdlh Hkh vkSj jax dh ftYn X+kSj eqckjd gksxhA

(3) fdlh ckr dks vkt+ekus ls igys mlds eqrvfYyd viuk T++kkrh iQSlys ls xyr dguk

nq#Lr u gksxkA

(4) fdrkc ds cX+kSj eu?kM+r ckr oge iSnk djsaxhA

(5) vjekuksa esa yEch&yEch bckjr fy[kus ds ctk, flI+kQZ ^gokyk yky fdrkc fy[kk gSA**

ftlls fy[kh gqbZ bckjr ds lcwr dh 'kgknr ls eqjkn ugha cfYd bckjr eT+dwjk ds ckn vkSj

bckjr lkFk feyk ysus dh rjI+kQ b'kkjk gSA blfy, gokyksa dh bckjr dks T+k:j lkFk feykdj i<+rs

tkosaA

(6) dq.Myh dk cukuk vkSj mldh nq#Lrh dk tkapuk reke eqrvfYyO+kQk bYe dh okdI+kQh

ds ckn 'kq# djsaA vkSj nkSjku oD+r esa vjeku uEcj 181 ds mlwy ij bl fdrkc ds vk[+khj ij

fn;s gq, iQkeZ dks lkFk ys dj rtqckZ gkfly djsaA

(7) crk, gq, I+kQjeku ds tokc dh xyrh crkus okyk bl bYe dks c<+kus ds fy, lc ls

ennxkj nksLr gksxkA

(8) ckr dh vlfy;r ikus ds fy, fdlh nwljs bYe ;k vkfye dh cn[+kksbZ ls ijgsT+k

pkfg,A

(9) blesa 'kd ugha fd fuUnd vkSj vged e[+kkSy mM+kus okys ls djkgr vk gh tk;k djrh gS

eX+kj nqfu;koh lkfFk;ksa dks fgLc gSfl;r bl bYe ls iQ+k;nk igqapkuk balkuh 'kjkiQ+r gksxhA [+okg

iQ+k;nk mBkus okyk 'k[+l d`r?u ;k uk'kqØk gh D;ksa u gksA

^^dj Hkyk gksxk Hkyk vk[+khj Hkys dk Hkyk**

lkeqfnzd dh yky fdrkcljljh uksV

+

2

O+kqQnjr ls fO+kQLer fdl rjg vkbZtc cPpk iSnk gksrk gS cUn eqV~Bh ykrk gSA vkSj tc og bl nqfu;ka ls dwp djrk gS rks nksuksa gkFkksa

dh eqV~fB;ka [kksy tkrk gSA NksVk lk cPpk veweu eqV~Bh cUn gh j[krk gS vkSj vklkuh ls fdlh

nwljs dks vius gkFk dh gFksyh ns[kus ugha nsrkA twa&twa c<+rk gS eqV~Bh [kqyh j[kus dk vknh gksrk

tkrk gS vkSj vkf[+kj ,d fnu ,slk vkrk gS fd og Hkjh nqfu;ka ls eqag eksM+ ysrk gSA ftLe vdM

tkrk gS vkSj ogh eqV~Bh T+kksj ls cUn djus ij Hkh cUn ugha gksrhA eryc ;g gS fd og cpiu

esa viuk oqQ+njrh Hksn vkSj NksVh lh eqV~Bh dk [+kT+kkuk fdlh dks fn[kkuk ugha pkgrk vkSj tc viuh

eqO+kQjZjk mez ds fy, lkFk yk;k gqvk nkuk ikuh vkSj nqfu;k dk reke fglkc fdrkc [k+Re dj

pqdrk gSA rks ckO+kQh cph gqbZ phT+k dh eqV~Bh Hkjdj vius lkFk ugha ys tk ldrkA eqV~Bh cUn

djds lkFk D;k yk;k vkSj dkSu lh phT+k dh eqV~Bh Hkj dj vius lkFk u ys tk ldk ;gh ,d

Hksn gS ftldk eryc bl eqV~Bh esa gh Hkjk gqvk gSA cUn eqV~Bh esa D;k gSSA flI+kQZ [+kkyh txg

ftldk nwljk uke vkdk'k gS ftlesa flI+kQZ gok Hkjiwj gSA gok ls tc vkx feyh rks ikuh iSnk

gqvkA ml ls feV~Vh feyh rks nqfu;ka dk lc Hk.Mkj iSnk gqvkA nwljs [+k;ky esa can eqV~Bh ds

vkdk'k esa T+kekus dh gok dk ekfyd c`gLir Fkk ftlesa xehZ ds Hk.Mkjh lwjt dh ped ls panz

ds ikuh vkSj 'kqDdj dh feV~Vh ds ckn eaxy dk [kkuk ihuk vkSj cq/ dh vD+y o cksyuk cqykuk

luhpj dk tknw ea=k vkSj ns[kuk fn[kkuk jkgq dh jguqekbZ o dyiuk&dyikuk vkSj dsrq ls pyuk

fiQjuk X+kSjksa ls feyuk feykuk;k gqDes O+kqQnjrh dks viuk gh [+kqn cukuk lc ds lc cUn iM+s FksA

bl tUe&ej.k ds loky dk 'kq# o vk[+khj ;kuh eka igys ;k csVh ekywe djus dk <ax D;k gqvkA

gkFk dh gFksyh ij gh lc dqN fy[kk gqvk gS ftlds i<+us esa bYes&lkeqfnzd ennxkj gksxkA

cqtks± vkSj jkf'k;ksa osQ ?kj o edku

gFksyh ds cjsZvkT+ke ds VqdM+s rknkn esa lkr cqtks± ds uke ls fxus x;s gSaA c`gLir] lwjt] panz]

'kqDdj] eaxy nksuksa] cqèk] luhpjA bu ds vykok nks vkSj gSa ,d dks rks jkgq bl cjsZvkT+ke dh

vUn:uh rg esa pyus okyh ygj ekuk x;k gSA nwljs dks dsrq bl cjsZvkT+ke fd cS:uh r;

ij nkSM+rh gqbZ vkSj igyh ygj ds ges'kk cjf[+kykI+kQ vkSj nq'euh ij jgus okyh T+kgjhyh gok

dks dgk gSA jkgq dh vUn:uh ygj vkx okys igkM+ksa ds ykok ;k fi?kys gq, ekn~nk dh rjg Hkwpky

iSnk djrh gSA dsrq dh cS:uh ygj nfj;k vkSj leUnj esa rwiQku ykrh gS vkx ;k vkfr'kh ygj

dk ekn~nk ikuh ds bykds esa vkdj #d tkrk gSA exj rwiQkuh gok dh ygj ikuh dks b/j&mèkj

djus ds vykok reke lkal ysus okyksa ij Hkh cqjk vlj iSnk djrh gSA

3

iDds ?kj D;ksa\

gj ,d cqtZ dh iDdh txg gFksyh dh gj ,d xkaB ij ges'kk ds fy, ml txg iDdh vkSj

O+kQk;e jgus okyh ekuh x;h gS tgka fd uD+'ks esa fn[kyk;k x;k gSA lkr cqtksZ ;k xzgksa dks rks iDds

rkSj ij gkFk dh gFksyh ij txg ns nh xbZ gS exj nks xzgksa jkgq vkSj dsrq dks flI+kQZ lk;k gh ekuk

x;k gSA dsrq ml /M+ dk lk;k gS tks cxS+j lj ds yk'k gksos vkSj jkgq ml lj dk lk;k gS tks

/M+ ds cX+kSj flj gksosA jkgq ds vkx okys ekn~ns dk iSnk fd;k gqvk Hkwpky flI+kQZ flj ds [+k;kykr

ls rkYyqO+kQ j[krk gSA vkSj dsrq dk vlj ikao dh uD+yks gjO+kQr gqvk djrh gSA lwjt fnu dk

ekfyd vkSj panzek dks jks'kuh nsus okyk gS ;k lwjt vkx vkSj panzek ikuh ;k lwjt xqLlk xehZ vkSj

panzek 'kkafr vkSj B.Md nsrk gSA blfy, ekurs gSa fd tc jkgq dh vkx ls fi?kys gq, ekn~ns dh

ygj lwjt ds cqtZ ij ;k vkx ds igkM+ esa vkrh gS rks gn ls T+;knk fi?kyus ds lcc ls /qvka

/kj T+kekuk iSnk dj nsrh gS vkSj lwjtds lkeus vU/sjk gh vU/sjk gks tkrk gSA ;s lwjt xzg.k dk*

uT+kkjk gSA exj og ekn~nk panz dh rjiQ c<+rk gS rks ikuh dh B.Md ls te dj Bgj tkrk tkrk

gSA (ftl txg nfj;k ikuh vk tkos Hkwpky dh ygj :d tk;k djrh gS) vkSj panz ;k ikuh ds

vkxs nhokj dh ekfuUn cu tkrk gSA vkSj blds vlj dks flI+kQZ e¼e djrk gSA vlj T+k:j cqjk

gS exj panz dks dksbZ uqO+kQlku ugha ns ldrkA blh rjg ls dsrq lwjt dh vkx dks rks cq>k ugha

ldrk flI+kQZ b/j&m/j fpaxkfj;ka dj nsxkA exj tc panz ds cqtZ ;k leUnj vkSj ikuh ij tkrk

gS rks u flI+kQZ ikuh dh rg dks Åij uhps vkSj rwI+kQku oxS+jg iSnk djrk gS cfYd ikuh ;k panz

ds leUnj dks vius nksLr 'kqDdj dh feV~Vh ls cjckn dj nsrk gSA ikuh gok dks D;k dgsA gok

blesa gj rjg dh T+kgj iSnk dj nsrh gSA ;s pan xzg.k dk oD+r gksxkA

vlj balku fO+kQLer eas

T+kehu vkSj vkleku dh njfEk;kuh [+kkyh txg dk uke vkdk'k dgk gS tks cPps ds iSnk gksus dsoD+r mldh cUn eqV~Bh esa Hkh ekStwn FkkA vkdk'k esa gok gqbZ rks gok esa xehZ ;k vkx vk;hA vkxls ikuh vkSj ikuh ls feV~Vh ;k dqy czãk.M iSnk gqvkA blh rjg gh bl bYe esaa fO+kQLer dks txkusokys cqtZ ;k xzg blh pØ esa ekus x;s gSaA vkSj uhps fy[kh rjrhc ls viuk&viuk vlj balkudh fO+kQLer esa fn[kykrs gSaA

1& c`gLir& gok&:g o lkal&firk&xq#&lq[k2& lwjt& vkx&X+kqLlk&ftLe&vD+y&reke vax&bYe3& panz& ikuh&'kkfUr&fny&ekrk&tk;nkn&Tkn~nh4& 'kqDdj& feV~Vh&dkenso&vktT+kh&L=kh&x`gLr

5& eaxy& [kkuk&ihuk&yM+kbZ&gkSlyk&HkkbZ&llqjky

4

6& cq/& cksyuk&fnekX+k&gquj&T+kcku&ulhgr&is'kk&nksLrh

7& luhpj& ns[kuk&pkykdh&ekSr&chekjh&ywVuk

8& jkgq& lkspuk&[+k;kykr ;k fny dh uD+yks gjO+kQr usdh cnh

9& dsrq& lquuk&ikao dh uD+yks gjO+kQr dk fglkcA

fj;k;rh pkyhl fnu

Åij dk vlj lkjh mez ij gh blh rjg gksxkA ,d xzg dk vlj [+kRe vkSj nwljs ds 'kq# ds

njfEk;ku 40 fnu I+kQkyrw gksaxsA ;kuh cqjs xzg dh fe;kn ds 40 fnu ckn rd bldk cqjk vlj gks

ldrk gSA vkSj 'kq# gksus okys dk viuh fe;kn ls 40 fnu igys gh vlj gks tkuk ekuk gSA bdV~Bs

vlj ds flI+kQZ 40 fnu gh gksaxsA exj nksuksa xzgksa ds tqnk&tqnk pkyhl&pkyhl fnu u gksaxsA ;s

fj;k;rh pkyhl fnu dgykrs gSaA blh mlwy ij cPps ds tUe ls ysdj 40 fnu vkSj ej tkus ds

ckn pkyhl fnu dk ekre ;k pkyhlk euk;k tkrk gSA vkSj balkuksa esa Hkh pkyhl pUnjk iwjk eugwl

gksxkA

xzgksa dh foKkfudrk

cPpk iSnk gqvkA cUn gok ls bl T+kekus dh gok esa vk;kA ;s T+kekuk og gS tc fd cPps dk

ftLe ueZ iksyk vkSj rch;r fcYdqy Hkksyh&Hkkyh gSA vHkh lkr xzg dk vlj eqdEey ugha gqvk

;k lkr lky rd fnekX+k ds [+kkus iwjs ugha gq,A yksd ijyksd ds eq'rjdk [+k;kykr cPps esa iSnk

gks x;s gSaA 12 lky rd ;k 12 ckjg jkf'k;ksa dh fe;kn rd dksbZ chekjh cPps dh viuh ugha

fxursA

(1) vc blu xq# ls rkyhe gkfly dh vkSj bl T+kekus dh gok dk vlj lksyg vkus gksus

yxkA dje&/je djuk lh[kuk vkSj bT+T+kr vkSj csbT+T+krh dk I+kQO+kQZ gksuk 'kq# gqvk rks mez dk

T+kekuk og vk;k tks :gkuh gkyr dk gqvkA iV~Bs vc tks c<+us Fks c<+ pqdsArks c`gLir dh mez

gqbZA (16 lky)A

(2) bYeks&gquj ds ckn jktnjckj ls [+kqn vius gkFkksa ls /u nkSyr dekuk 'kq# fd;k rks ;s

oD+r vgn lwjt gqvkA cPpk ckfyX+k gSA 21 lky ls js[kk esa Hkh dksbZ rCnhyh ugha ekursA vc mez

gqbZ (22 lky)A

(3) viuh dekbZ ls ekrk dh lsok djus yxk rks panzek dk T+kekuk gqvk vkSj mez gqbZ

(24 lky)A

(4) L=kh rkYyqO+kQ] cM+s ifjokj x`gLr vkJe vkSj cky cPpksa dk T+kekuk 'kqDdj dk vgn gqvk

(mez gqbZ 25 lky)A

(5) [+kkuk& ihuk] HkkbZ cUnksaa dh lsok] taxks tny] ftLekuh&nq%[k] chekjh oX+kSjg dk oD+r

eaxy (usd o cn) fxuk x;kA rks mez gqbZ (28 lky)A

5

(6)cqf¼ ds dke frtkjr C;ksikj] gquj&nLrdkjh o fnekX+kh fy;kdrksa oX+kSjg ls /u nkSyr dkT+kekuk cq/ dk vgn gqvk (jktnjckj esa gksrs gq, ;s dke ugha dj ldrk blfy, tc cq/ dslkFk lwjt gks rks cq/ dk vlj unkjn) vkSj mez gqbZ (34 lky)A(7) lU;kl ;k edku tk;nkn pkykdh dh vka[k ls /u nkSyr dk <ax idM+k rks luhpj dkoD+r gqok vkSj mez gqbZ (36 lky)A (8) nqfu;k ds vUns'ks dh I+kQT+khZ lksp o pkj [+k;kykr dhuD+yks gjO+kQr dk T+kksj gqvk& rks jkgq dk tek+uk vk;k vkSj mez gqbZ (42 lky)A(9) vius vki ls tc nqfu;k dk gy u gqvk rks bèkj&mèkj lykg e'kojk ds fy, ikaoksa dhuD+yks gjO+kQr 'kq# gqbZ ;k cPpk pyus vkSj nkSM+us yxk rks dsrq dk tek+uk gqvk vkSj mez gks xbZ(48 lky)A

ftLe ds vax flj (cq/)

flj xksy vkSj vk¡[k xksy& [+kq'kulhc vkSjr vehj [+kkunku ls gksxhA

flj NksVk&isV eksVk gks rks csodwI+kQ gksxkA

lhus ;k iq'r dh gfîó;ka rknkn esa vxj gkas (jkgq)

8 jktk ;k gqO+kQejku gksxkA

9 jbZl tk;nkn okykA

10 fI+kQØ o X+ke esa X+kdZ gksosA

11 czg~e'kukl ;k ijekRek dh Nqih gqbZ rkO+kQr dks igpkuus okyk vkSj ekfyd

dks gkfT+kj ukfT+kj ekuus okyk gksA

12 ges'kk chekj jgsA

13 ekynkj gksosA

14 cqjh djrwr [kksVs dke djus okyk gksA

xnZu ij cy ;k f'kdu iM+rs gksa rknkn esa (dsrq)

1 meznjkT+k gksosA

2 nkSyrean gksxkA exj nLrh dke ls

3 nkSyrean gksxkA exj cniQ+Sy gksxkA

4 nfyn~nj o ijs'kkuh dk ?kj gksosA

cX+kSj cy nkSyr ean gksosA

6

isV ij vxj cy iM+rs gksa vkSj rknkn esa gksa (eaxy cn)

1 taxks tny o yM+kbZ ls ekjk tkosA

2 vÕ;k'k gksosA

3 ysDpjkj& ulhgr djus okykA

4 lkfgcs bYe vkSj lkfgcs vkSykn gksosA

5 gqD+ejku gksos

cX+kSj cy nkSyreUn gksosA

fT+kLe ij cky ('kfu)

gj ,d cky dh tM+ ds lqjk[k dks eqlke dgrs gSaA

(1) ,d eqlke ls vxj cky iSnk gqos rknkn esa gksaA

1 gqD+ejku&nkSyreUn&vD+yeUnA

2 gqujean&vD+yeanA

3 [+kqnkijLrA

4 eqI+kQfyl&csgqujA

(2) flj ij VVjh gks (cX+kSj cky txg) nkSyrean gksxkA

(3) nk<+h ewaN ds cky de gksa ;k fcYdqy u gksa rks de gkSlyk&

mEehnksa esa ek;wlh& [+kqn iSnk djnk tk;nkn u gksosA

(4) lkjs fT+kLe ij T+;knk cky gksa rks cnulhc gksxkA

(5) iq'r ik;s ;k is'kkuh ij cky gkas rks eUnHkkXk gksxkA

(6) Nkrh ij T+;knk cky gksa rks mez gh xqykeh esa xqT+kjsA

(7) Nkrh ij cky fcYdqy u gksa&ukO+kQkfcys&,srckjA mlds fny dk

dksbZ Hkjkslk u gksxkA

(8) reke ftLe ij gn ls T+;knk cky&rax gky gksxkA

7

nkar (cq/)1& vxj ckgj dks fudys gq, gksa rks vD+yean exj fO+kQLer ds lkFk dh dksbZ

rLkYyh ugha gksxhA

2& rknkn esa 20 ls de vkSj 32 ls T+;knk [+okg enZ gksA [+okg

vkSjr&eugwl&eUnHkkXk gksxkA

3& rknkn esa 32 gksa&tks vuHkksy ;k vpkud lgou cksy iwjk gksosA dgk gqok lq[ku ;k nqcZpu

[+kkyh u tkosA ,sls vknfe;ksa dks lrkuk usd iQy u nsxkA [+kqn Hkh ,sls vknfe;ksa dks xqLls ls ijgsT+k

pkfg,A

,sls vknfe;ksa ls cqjh vkokT+k veweu T+;knk fudy tk;k djrh gSA

gkFkksa dh :uekbZ T+kkfgjnkjh

1 l[+r gkFk okyk gqO+kwQer djus esa ;koj gksxkA

2 uje gkFk okyk vkjke ryc gksxkA

3 uje vkSj iQSys gq, lqLr rch;r eUnHkkXk gksxkA

4 l[+r vkSj eT+kcwr lcz vkSj iqQrhZ okyk gksxkA

5 NksVk lk gkFk fT+kUnxh X+kqykeh xqT+kkjus dh vyker gSA

6 yEcs gkFk okyk Nkuchu dh fy;kO+kQr ls fT+kUnxh mEnk cuk ysus okyk gksxkA

7 yEck&cnuqek&l[+r tYykn&csjge&eUnHkkXk gksxkA

8 gkFk vkSj ikao erycijLr& [+kqn vius fy, eUnHkkXk nksuksa gh NksVs&NksVs

nwljksa ds fy, eugwl gksA

9 lkI+kQ vkSj mEnk gkFk& vD+y o Hkyekulh T+kkfgj djrk gSA

[+kqyklru

10& vxj maxfy;ka yEch&yEch gkas rks gkFk Hkh yEck gksxk rks flj vkSj dn Hkh yEck ;k cM+k

gksxk rks [+kq'k xqT+kjku gksxkA c'krsZ fd gFksyh dh yEckbZ eè;ek dh yEckbZ ls T+;knk gksosA vxj

gFksyh esa xgjkbZ gksos rks [+kqn dekbZ djds [+kq'k xqT+kjku gksxk vkSj vius cki dh fuLcr erZck esa

c<+ tk,xkA vkSj tk;nkn esa bT+kkiQk djsxkA vkSj vxj gFksyh dh yEckbZ eè;ek ls de gks vkSj

gFksyh esa xgjkbZ dh ctk, mQapkbZ gks ;kuh gFksyh ckgj dks mHkjh gqbZ gks ftl ij ikuh tek u

jg ldrk gksos (gkFk dks [+kwc vdM+k dj irk yx tkrk gS) rks cqT+kqxks± dh tk;nkn [+kqn cjckn

dj tkus ds vykok og nwljksa ls Hkh dT+kkZ mBk [kk ihdj cjckn dj tk,xkA ;kuh ikuh ls Hkjs

rkykc dks [+kq'd fd;kA r; fd feV~Vh Hkh mM+k nsxkA

8

eqag dk ngkuk (eaxy [+kkuk uEcj 3)[+kqyk o dq'kknk ------------ lkgc gkSlyk

rax ------------ Mjiksd

pkSM+k ------------ njfe;kuh fT+kUnxh veweu ijs'kkuhA

cM+k yEck ------------ 'kg~or ijLr

vczw (jkgq rkYYkqd ls 'kfu dk LoHkko)ftl O+kQnj vk¡[k ds uT+knhd vkSj deku dh rjg xksykbZ ij gksa mlh O+kQnj gh T+;knk usd fny vkSj

usd dke djus okyk gksxkA ftl O+kQnj vk¡[k ls nwj vkSj lh/s (—) gksa mlh O+kQnj gh laxfny

vkSj cqjs dke djus okyk gksA deku dh rjg dk >qdkoA fny dk >qdko ;k jge fny gksuk T+kkfgj

djrk gSA

dku (dsrq)enZ ds dku yEc s ------------ mez yEch exj vD+y devkSjr ds dku yEcs ------------ O+kQoh gkT+kek vkSj vDyeanenZ ds dku NksVs ------------ vD+yeUnvkSjr ds dku NksVs ------------ csodwI+kQA

lCT+k jax ------------ usd lqHkkvks&[+kq'k ulhc

cq/ e; jkgq dsrq1& T+kcku o rkyw L;kg jax%& ,sls enZ dh vkSykn ej tkosA yk&oYn gksosA vkSjr dks lq[k

u gksA O+kQchys dks cnuke vkSj cjckn djus okyk gksosA

2& vxj vkSjr ,slh T+kcku o rkyw L+;kg jax okyh gks rks viuh vkSykn ls eg#e gks tkosA

exj nwljksa ij bl dk enZ dh rjg dksbZ cqjk vlj u gksxkA

3& L;kg T+kcku veweu L;kg ;k rckg dqu ckr fudkysxh tks 32 nkar dh rjg [+kkyh u

tk,xhA exj dkyh T+kcku okyk 32 nkar okys ls T+;knk eugwl gksxkA ;kuh dkyh T+kcku okyk 32

nkar okys ls cqjk dgus esa tks [+kkyh u tk,xk T+;knk gksxk ;k eqdkcys esa T+kcku ls dgs gq, ;k eqag

ls fudkyh gqbZ ckr ds lp gksus dh rkO+kQr ([+okg usd ckr gks [+okg cqjh) dkyh T+kcku esa 32

nkar okys ls T+;knk gksxhA vxj dkyh T+kcku dkyk rkyw vkSj lkFk gh vk¡[k Hkh lkai dh rjg xksy

vkSj xgjh vkSj L;kg jax gks rks [+kqn Hkh cjckn vkSj lkfFk;ksa dks Hkh rckg djsA

9

1& yEck gks (enZ)%& ueZ fny&/ekZRekA

2& yEck gks (vkSjr)%& lknk yksg& Hkksyh rch;rA viuh maxqyh ds iSekus ls (rhu maxqyh

dh ,d fxjg 4 fxjg dh ckfy'kr nks ckfy'kr dk gkFk nks gkFk dk xT+k ;kuh 36 bap ;k 28

maxqyh ;k ,d maxqyh 2@4 bap exj vius gkFk ds iSekuk ls gksA (dqy bap dks 1-1@3 ls T+kjc

nksA rknkn maxqyh gksxh 68 maxqyh cn ulhcA 52 maxqyh usd ulhc gksxkA

ftl O+kQnj yEcs mlh O+kQnj c[+rkoj ;k ulhc okykA vxj ?kqVuksa ls Hkh T+;knk uhps yEcs gksa rks

^jkt;ksx* fxuk gSA

1& I+kQjk[k+ vkSj cqyUn ---------------- nkSyr eanA

2& ukgeokj ------------------------------- ekSr vpkud gksosA

3& Nkrh ij cky u gksa --------------- pkyckT+k /ksdsckT+kA

4& Nkrh ij T+;knk cky ------------ vÕ;k'k rch;r de vD+y mez

Hkh xqykeh esa xqT+kjsA

1& mHkjh gqbZ ------------------------------ jbZl] gqD+ejku

2& pkSM+h ----------------------------------- eqi+Qfyl

3& NksVh ------------------------------------ T+kekus dk xqyke

1& eksVs vkSj yEcs%& de vD+y (2) cgqr yEcs%& pksj&cnek'k

vk¡[k (panzek dk [+kkuk uEcj 4 )

1& ftl O+kQnj cM+h&mHkjh gqbZ ;k ckgj dks fudyh gqbZ vkSj gYdk jax gks mlh O+kQnj T+;knk usd

LoHkko vkSj tYn le>us okyk gksxkA vkSj :gkuh rkO+kQr okyk gksxkA

2& ftl O+kQnj NksVh&xksy vUnj dks ?kqlh gqbZ ;k xgjh vkSj gYdk jax gksos mlh O+kQnj T+;knk

eryc ijLr 'kjhj eD+d+kj vkSj rqUn feT+kkTk gksxkA

3& ftl O+kQnj vkSj ftl tkuoj ls feyrh tqyrh gksosa balku esa mlh O+kQnj T+;knk vkSj mlh tkuoj

ds LoHkko vkSj fny ds [+kqfI+kQ;k dke djus okyh rkO+kQrsa gkasxhA

4& NksVh ^vk¡[k*& fny dk gkSlyk NksVkA fny raxA

5& yEch&^vk¡[k* fny dh uD+yks gjO+kQr yEchA

10

6& xksy ^vk¡[k* &lI+kQj dbZ vkSj gj lI+kQj esa lky dbZ ;k T+;knk (,d pØ ij) yxsxsaA

7& xgjh ^vk¡[k* &[k+qnxT+kZ& csoI+kQkA

8& ^xksy xgjh* o L+;kg& ekfuUn p'ek lkai dk lqHkkvksA

9& ^xksy xgjh* o ^Hkwjh*& cgqr 'kkfn;ka exj fiQj Hkh vkSjr dk lq[k u gksosA

10& vxj T+kcku vkSj rkyw L+;kg dk lkFk gksos rks&[+kqnk dh iukgA ,d lkai

nwljs mM+us okyk&gj rjg ls eugwlA

11& ^cM+h* vkSj ^jkS'ku*& vD+yeanhA

12& ^vkfr'k* (lq[kZ+ jax)& HkM+dus dh rkO+kQrA

13& /heh vkSj >yd ekjrh gqbZ le>us dh rkO+kQrA

14& ueZ ut+j& ujeh rch;r dks T+kkfgj djrh gSA

15& lCT+k& tYn le>us okykA

16& vU/k& [kqnxT+kZ gksxkA 17& dkuk & cqjk lqHkkvksA

18& HkSxka& lcls Åij I+kQjschA

19& fcYyk& [kksVs dke djus okyk &cni+sQyA

1& vfgLrk e¼e jÝ+rkj%& [+kjkc gkfI+kQT+kk&lqLrqyotwn&gj dke esa nsjh djus okykA

3& rsT+k exj NksVk dne%& cqyan [+;ky&B.Mk lqHkkvks&gj dke esa lkfcr dne gksus okykA

4& vknru >qddj pys%& vD+y okykA usd egurh oX+kSj nyhy ckr u ekuus okyk gksosA

5& rsT+k o rqan jÝ+rkj %& de vD+y& gkfln&[+kqnjk; [+kqn ilUn

6& dne cM+k exj pyus esa yax ekjs& ykyph&cqjk djus esa T+;knk gksosA

7& jÝ+rkj esa yax ;k uqD+l gks& cnyk ysus okyk& gkfln] >wBk] pqxy[kksj gksosA

8& ,d txg pSu ls u cSBus okyk&csgwnk] gkfln] datwl gksossA

9& lhuk o isV fudkydj pys&feyulkj fT+knkfny eX+k:j dgus lquus ij eku tkus okykA

10&flj vkSj dej fgykdj pyss frjNh pky okyk& ukikd vknr okyk gksA cqT+kqxks± dh cqjkbZ vkSj

cn[kksbZ djus okyk ykurh T+kekuk gksosA

11& eUntkZ ckyk ls cjh&usd rch;r usd fO+kQLer

12& ftl tkuoj dh pky ls feyrh gks&mlesa ogh vknr&mldk ogh

gky&ogh rch;r vkSj oSlh gh fO+kQLer dk ekfyd gksxkA

11

1& xyk&iQqyk dj ckr djs&vius eryc esa nwljs ds [+kwu dh ijokg u djsA

2& ckr djrs oD+r dksbZ u dksbZ vax gkFk ;k ikao cX+kSjk csgwnk

cnI+ksQy&'kksgjr ilaUn gksxkA

3& ckr djrs oD+r nkarksa dk ekal uT+kj vkos& de mez gksxkA

4& tYn&tYn cksyus okyk&cqjk lqHkkvks eryc ijLrA

5& laHkydj uehZ vkSj vkfgLrk& vkfgLrk lkspdj cksyus okyk&nkuk] vD+yeanA

6& ukd esa cksyus okyk& ex+:j p'e

7& pSu ls cSB dj u ckr djs& csgwnk& gkfln] datwl

1& cqyUn& Å¡ph vkSj oT+kuh%& cgknqj&ercsZ okykA

2& cqyUn Hkkjh ekfuUn xjt ckny gks& usd gqD+ejku

3& ekfuUn Mksy&jkx fo|k dk 'kkSO+kQhu

4& ekfuUn eksj%&e'kgwj&ljnkjs I+kQkStA

5& ekfuUn pdksj%& nkSyreUn&csijokg csfygkT+kA

6& ekfuUn eqx+kZch%& nqfu;knkj yT+T+kr ilanA

7& dkSok phy fx¼%& vius eryc esa nwljs ds [+kwu gksus dh Hkh ijokg u djsA

8& eqrdfCcjkuk l[+r dM+oh vkokT+k%& cnuh;r&de vD+y

9& cqyUn vkSj Hkkjh%& fn;kurnkj&cqyUn fgEer&jT+kkeUn ex+j ex+:j gksos

10& cqyUn exj ckjhd%& nwj vUns'k&lPpk&T+kghu&ex+j [+kq'kken ilUn&tYn ukjkT+k

gksus okykA f[+ktw%&

11& cqyUn ckjhd ex+j uk[+kq'k vkokT+k%& >xM+kyw& 'kjhj& nq%[k&nsus okyk& cqjk

djus okyk&[+kqn jk; ex+j ftLe eT+kcwr gksxkA

12& uk eqyk;e o Hkkjh%& de vD+y&de fgEerA

13& eqyk;e o Hkkjh vkokT+k& lqyg&ilUn& gkSlys okykA

14& deT+kksj o dk¡irh gqbZ vkokT+k okyk%& gln djus okyk&ogeh&deT+kksj [kkSI+kQ

[kk tkus okykA

15& nks vkokT+k okyk%& i+Qjsch& dehukA

12

1& lkeus ls ;k nk,a rjI+kQ ls dHkh usd urhtk ugha gksxkA

,d ;k rhu NhadA

2& ihNs ls ;k ck,a rjI+kQ ls ges'kk usd urhtk gksxkA

nks vnn Nhad gksoasA

3& ihNs ls vkokT+k eugwl fxuh xbZ gSA

nk;ka vax I+kQjduk& eqckjdA ck;ka vax I+kQjduk x+Sj eqckjdA

1& nksuksa lkal ;k flI+kQZ nk;ka lkal pyrk gks& usd dke ;k nsj rd O+kQk;e jgus okyh phT+k dk

'kq# djuk eqckjd gksxkA

2& ckb± lkal ds oD+r fd;k gqvk dke%& ekewyh lk urhtk nsus okyk gksxkA dksbZ [+kkl usd u

gksxkA

1& uhan ds igys oD+r dk [+okc%& N% eghus esa vlj nsosA

2& uhan ds nwljs oD+r dk [+okc%& rhu eghus esa vlj nsosA

3& uhan ds rhljs ;k vkf[+kjh oD+r dk [+okc%& I+kQkSju vlj T+kkfgj djsA

4& [+okc esa fdlh dks ekj nsuk%& lkai ;k nq'eu dks gykd djuk cqyUnh ij p<+ukA

igkM+ ij tkuk%& rjD+O+kQh gksus dh nyhy gSA

5& ikuh ds fdukjs ;k ikuh ij [+okc esa ns[kh gqbZ ckr%&tYn lPph gksosA

6& ekSr ns[kuk%& mez&njkT+k [+kq'kh gksA

7& C;kg 'kknh ns[kuk%&x+eh o ekre lquus ;k ns[kus esa vkosaA

1& dqaHk ;k ?kM+k ikuh ls Hkjk& nw/&dU;k&iQwy&C;kg&'kknh] oX+kSjg vxj nk;ha rjI+kQ ls feysa%&

rks] 'kqHk vlj gksxkA

2& ydM+h vkST+kkj ;k gfFk;kj vkxs ls mYV Nhad oX+kSjg gksos rks cn vlj dh fu'kkuh gksossA

3& dqÙkk ;k fcYyh cqyan vkokT+k ls jks, tkuoj eaMykus yxsa rks ekSr dh fu'kkuh

4& usd tkuoj&dkyk dqÙkk&xk;&fgj.k oX+kSjg feysa rks usd iQy dh fu'kkuhA

13

1& 'kqHk yXu vkSj usd 'kxqu ls 'kq# fd, gq, edku ds fy, eqanfjT+ks tS+y ckrsa iwjk djus ds fy,

fugk;r eqckjd gkasxhA

2& edku cuus ls igys reke vkSj lkjh dh lkjh r; T+kehu dks ,d gh fxudj mlds dksus ;k

xks'ks ns[ks tkosaA pgkj xks'kk lc ls mÙke gksxkA ftl dk gj ,d dksuk uOos ntsZ 90 fMxzh ds T+kkfo;k

dk gksA eqanfjT+kstSy xks'ks gjfxT+k u gkas tks eugwl fxus gaSA vkB&vBkjg&rsjg&rhuA fcPpksa pqdeNyh

Hkqtk cyghueqnkZA ikap dks.k dk eafnj jps dg fcldekZ dSls clsA

3& r; T+kehu ds xks'ks ns[kus ds ckn vkSj edku cuus ls igys nhokjksa dk jdck cqfu;knsa NksM+ dj

gj ,d fgLls ;k dejs dh vUn:uh njh ;k jdck tqnk&tqnk ns[kk tkosA tks edku ds ekfyd

;k Lokeh ftlus edku cukuk gS vkSj [+kqn Hkh bl esa fjgkb'k djuh gSA ds vius gkFkksa dh iSekb'k

esa jO+kQck ns[kk tkosA ;kuh iSekbZ'k ds fy, [+kqn bldk viuk gkFk gksosA [okg og vBkjg bap dk

gksos [+okg mUuhl bap ;k lrjg bap dkA iSekuk blds vius gkFkksa dh yEckbZ dk gksosA gkFk dh

yEckbZ dgka ls dgka rd gksxh 1& dksguh (ckT+kw) ds fljs dh gM~Mh ls ysdj vukfedk ds

vkf[+kj rd ;k 2& dksguh (ckT+kw) ij tks tksM+ ds fljs ds vykok nwljh gM~Mh gksrh gS

ogka ls ysdj eè;ek ds vkf[+kj rdA ;s uEcj 2 dh gncUnh nq#Lr vkSj mÙke gSA

O+kQk;nk (fu;e)

4& rwy tek vT+kZ T+kjc 3 ls ?kVk;k ,d

rdlhe fd;k vkB ij tks ckO+kQh cpk og vlj gksxkA

;kuh rwy iUnzg gkFk] vT+kZ lkr gkFk gks rks

15 tek 7¾22 ls de fd;k x;k ,d ¾65 dks 3 ls T+kjc nh rks 66

vc ge us 65 dks 8 ij rO+kQlhe fd;k rks ckO+kQh T+kokc ,d jgkA blh rjg ls tokc

,d&nks&rhu&pkj&ikap&N%&lkr ;k vkB ;k flI+kQj gks ldrk gSA

5& tokc esa vxj rkO+kQ ;kuh 1&3&5&7 gksa rks usd vlj gksxkA vkSj vxj Tkokc esa tqÝ+r ;kuh

2&4&6&8 gksa rks eugwl vlj gksxkA og fdu&fdu ckrksa ls eqrvfYydk gksxkA vxj ckO+kQh cpus

okyk fganlk gksos%&

6& ,d rks& og edku edkuksa esa ekfUkUn jktk mÙke vkSj cqyan gSfl;r gksxkA

7& nks gksa& ekfuUn dqÙkk&x+jhc fu/ZuA

14

8& rhu gks& ekfuUn 'ksj gksxkA vknfe;ksa ds fy, mEnk eqckjd nhoku [k+kuk cSBd ;k nqdku

dkjksckj frT+kkjr ds fy, fugk;r eqckjd gksxkA exj vkSjrksa vkSj cPpksa ds fy, x+Sj eqckjd gksxkA

,sls edku esa enksZ dh ges'kk cjO+kQr gksxhA vkSj nqfu;koh taxks tny ds eqrvfYydk lc dke

'kqHk vlj nsaxsA edku dk vxyk fgLlk pkSM+k vkSj fiNyk fgLlk rax gks rks Hkh 'ksj ngkuk ;kuh

'ksjs cCcj dh rjg flj Hkkjh nqe dk fgLlk NksVk lk ;k raxA ;s 'ksj ngkuk Hkh ogh vlj j[krk

gS tks rhu ckdh dk FkkA nksuksa ckrksa esa 'ksj ;k c`gLir dk usd vlj gksxkA

9& pkj gkas& ekfuUn x/k gksrk gSA jkr fnu eT+knwjh dh exj ,oT+k esa [+kqjkd ds fy, ogh xUnh

fxT+kk feyhA fdlh us x/s dk [+k;ky u fd;kA u feyh rks u gh feyhA

10& ikap gkass& ekfuUn xk; gksxkA ftl esa vkSjr T+kkr cky cPps oX+kSjg lc ds lc lq[k o

vkjke ik,axs vkSj 'kqDdj dk iwjk vkSj mÙke iQy gksxkA cfYd ePN js[kk mÙke dk vlj gksxkA

edku ihNs ls pkSM+k vkSj vxyk fgLlk rax ekfuUn cSy gksA rks Hkh xmQ ?kkV dgykrk gSA ftldk

ogh usd vlj gSA tks ikap ckO+kQh dk FkkA

11& N% gkass& ekfuUn rfd;k eqlkfI+kQj gksosA ;kuh dsrq viuk cqjk vlj nsxkA u ekrk jgs u firk

lq[k lsA u vkSykn vkjke djs u ;kj nksLr lkFk feysaA gj ne eqlkfI+kQj vkSj og Hkh eqlhcr dk

ekjk gqvkA

12& lkr gksa& ekfuUn gkFkh gksxkA I+kQhy [k+kuk&eosf'k;ksa dk rcsyk& mEnk vkSj eqckjd (jkgq)A

13& vkB ;k flI+kQj& ekfuUn phy fx¼&eqnkZ ?kkV&ekSr dk ?kj luhpj dk gSMDokVZj vkSj

[+kReA

14&edku esa vkus tkus dk lc ls cM+k njokT+kk ;k 'kkj, vke okyk& vxj ftl rjI+kQ e'kfjO+kQ

;k iwjc gks lc ls mÙke gj oD+r vknfe;ksa dh usd vkenks jÝ+r vkSj reke lq[k ulhc jgsaA

15& eX+kfjc ;k if'pe gks& nT+kkZ nks;e dk mÙke gksxkA

16& 'kqeky ;k igkM+ dh rjI+kQ& usd jgs& usdh ds fy, ;kuh yEcs lI+kQj&iwtk ikB&&'kqHk

dke&yEcs ekeykr& usdh ds dke djus ds fy, vkus tkus dk jkLrk gksxkA ftl dk vlj usd

gksxkA :gkuh o ijyksd ds ekeykr esa

17& tuwc ;k nD[ku& lcls eugwl gS [+kkldj vkSjr T+kkr ds fy, ekSr dk lcc gSA vkneh

Hkh dksbZ lq[k ugha ikrsA vfXu dq.M dk tsy [+kkuk ftl esa ty cq> dj ejus ds flok; vkSj dqN

ulhc u gksxkA NM+k rcsyk ;k j.M+ksa dk vI+kQlksl djus dh txg ;k ekSrsa fxuus dk eqdkeA

18& 'kgrhjkssa dk #[k+& nkf[kys ds fy, njokts ds eqlkoh ;k cjkcj gks rks eqckjd ('kqDdj

dh Nr mÙke) vkSj vxj dkVrh gqbZ 'kD+y ;k lksrs oD+r Nkrh dks vcwj djsaA(luhpj dh Nr

ekSr chekjh)

15

19& dfM+;ka ckys& dqy rknkn dks vxj pkj ij rD+lhe djsa vkSj T+kokc esa ckO+kQh gks%&

(i) ,d rks%& ekfuUn jktk bUnz gks& mÙke iQyA

(ii) nks gksa%& ekfuUn ;e& ekSr ds ;enwr gksaA

(iii) rhu gksa%& jktk ;kfu jkt;ksx gksaA

20& edku esa vxj ckgj ls gok fdlh lh/s jkLrs ;k 'kkjk,vke ls fcYdqy lh/s gh

vkdj nkf[ky gksos rks cPpksa ds fy, fugk;r eugwl ;k gok&,&cn ;k cqjh :g dk

nk[kyk fxuk tk,xkA tks ges'kk cqjk gh vlj nsxkA dksbZ u dksbZ vpkud eqlhcr [kM+h gh

gksrh jgsxhA

21& lsgr ds vlwy ij nwljh phT+kksa ds vykok [+k;ky T+k:jh gS fd jkr dks lksrs oD+r pkjikbZ

dk fljgkuk e'kfjO+kQ ;k iwjc esa jgs rks eqckjd vlj gksxkA fnu dks fnekX+k us dke fy;k lwjt

us enn nh rks jkr dks :g us dke laHkkyk vkSj panzek us enn nhA ikao nD[ku ;k tuwc ;k iwjc

(;k e'kfjO+kQ) esa lksrs oD+r gksuk eugwl gSA 'kqeky dk dksbZ [+k;ky ughaA ;kuh usdh ;k :gkuh

dke [+okg flj ls djas [+okg ikao ds T+kfj;s usdh djuk gj rjg ls eqckjd gSA blesa igys gkFk

;k igys ikao dk loky mBrk gh ugha gSA [+okg lks;s gq, lksp fopkj :g ls gks [+okg tkxrs

ftLe ls gks eqckjd gSA

edku ds vUnj dh phT+ksa eqckjd vlj nsaxh tc%&

22&flagklu ;k cSBd& iwjc ;k e'kfjO+kQh dh nhokj ds njfe;kuh fgLls esa gksA

23&vkx dh txg& nD[ku ;k tuwc e'kfjO+kQh xks'ks esa gksA

24&ikuh dh txg iwtk ikB& igkM+ ;k 'kqeky e'kfjO+kQh xks'ks esa eqckjd gksxkA

25&y{eh vLFkkiu /u nkSyr dh txg& nD[ku ;k tuwc ex+fjch xks'ks esa eqckjdA

26&[+kkyh txg egeku oX+kSjg ds fy,& igkM+ ;k 'kqeky ex+fjch xks'ks esa eqckjdA

27&pwYgs dk eq¡g& 'kjdu xjcu gks rks eqckjd gSA

28&edku ls ckgj fudyrs oD+r ikuh dh txg nk;a gkFk vkSj vkx ck;a gkFk

cfYd ihB ihNs jg tkos rks cgqr eqckjd gSAA

esgeku

eX+kfjc

nkSyr

ikuh cSBd v

kx

e'kfjO+kQ

'kqeky

iq[k u{kÙkjiwjcif'pe

nD[ku

tuwc

igkM+

16

29&edku ds uT+knhd vxj ihiy dk nj[+r gks rks bl nj[r dh lsok ls cgqr usd iQy gksxkA

vkSj vxj bldh lsok ;k bldh tM+ksa dks ikuh u Mkyk tk,xk rks tgka rd bldk lk;k tk,xk

rckgh vkSj cjcknh djrk jgsxkA ;gh gky uT+knhd ds dq,a dk gSA vxj bl esa dHkh dHkh crkSj

J¼kHkko FkksM+k lk nw/ Mky fn;k tkos rks usd iQyxzg

ksa ds n

ksLr

nq'eu

&eqlkoh xzg

uEcj

xzgcj

kcj dh r

kO+kQr d

snksLr

nq'eu

dSi+Qh;r

1c`g

Lir

luhpj& jkgq&

dsrq

lwjt&

panz&

eaxy

'kqDdj

& cqèk

2lwj

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17

jkf'k;ka1& rknkn esa 12 gSa ftu dk tqnk&tqnk eqdke gj ,d maxyh dh tqnh&tqnh iksjh ij ges'kk

ds fy, iDds rkSj ij eqO+kQjZj gSA fxurh pky vkSj txg eqO+kQjZj djus ds oD+r eè;ek maxyh

dks ckn esa ;k lc maxfy;ksa ds vkf[k+j ij ysrs gSaA D;ksafd eè;ek maxqyh lU;kl ;k nqfu;k ls

vykgnk dh maxyh fxuh xbZ gSA ftl dk rkYyqO+kQ x`gLr ds ckn gksxkA

2& igyh maxyh rtZuh dh rhuksa jkf'k;ksa dk bdV~Bk fy;k gqvk vlj fT+kUnxh dk igyk

fgLlk ;k T+kekus dh gok dh okD+I+kQh;r ;k c`gLir dk vgn gS tks 35 lkyk mez rd fxuk

gS nwljh maxyh vukfedk dh jkf'k;ksa ls lwjt dk T+kekuk x`gLr dk rkYyqO+kQ 25&50 [kqn dekbZ

oxS+jg gksxkA rhljh dfu"dk dh rhu jkf'k;ksa dk vlj lk/qiu ;k x`gLrksa dks mins'k dk vlkZ

50&75 gksxkA pkSFkh maxyh eè;ek dh rhuksa jkf'k;ksa dk vlj 75&100 rd cuiLrh gksxkA ;s

T+k:jh ugha gS fd gj ,d jkf'k dk fu'kku maxyh dh mlh iksjh ij okO+kQ; gks tgka fd ml jkf'k

dk eO+kQke eqO+kQjZj gS ysfdu vxj fu'kku viuh eqO+kQjZj txg ij gh gksos rks og vkneh mlh

jkf'k dk gksxk vxj dksbZ Hkh fu'kku jkf'k u ik;k tkos rks gSjkuh dh ckr ughaA xzgksa ;k cqtks

ls irk py tk,xkA vxj dksbZ fu'kku viuh eqO+kQjZj txg dh ctk, fdlh nwljh txg maxqyh

;k gFksyh ij ik;k tkos rks ogh jkf'k dq.Myh esa [+kkuk uEcj ,d ij fxuh tkosxhA dq.Myh

ds [k+kuksa dh rknkn&rjrhc pky vkSj eqO+kQke ges'kk ds fy, eqLrfO+kQy rkSj ij eqO+kQjZj dj fn,

x, gSaA ckjg jkf'k;ksa ds fy, ckjg gh [k+kus eqO+kQjZj gSaA bu 12 [k+kuksa esa 9 xzg vk,axs ckO+kQh

3 esa c`gLir dh gok dk vlj fxuk tk,xk D;ksafd gj [+kkyh txg esa gok T+k:jh gksxhA

felky ds rkSj ij fdlh gkFk esa feFkqu jkf'k dk fu'kku tksM+k ik;k tko tks jkf'k;ksa

dh fxurh esa uEcj 3 ij gS exj dq.Myh ds [+kkuksa esa vc feFkqu jkf'k [+kkuk uEcj ,d esa

fy[kdj jkf'k;ksa dh fxurh dh rjrhc ls dq.Myh ds 12 ds 12 [+kkusa iqj dj fy, tk;saxsaA

3& blh rjg ls cqtksZ ds ?kj vkSj fu'kku vkSj rjrhc ges'kk ds fy, eqO+kQjZj gSaA ftl cqtZ

dk fu'kku tgka dgha ik;k tkos mlh fglkc ls xzgksa dks dq.Myh esa Hkj fy;k tk,xkA xzgksa vkSj

jkf'k;ksa dh dq.Mfy;ksa ds [+kkus Hkh tgka rd gks lds ckge feyrs&tqyrs eqO+kQjZj fd, x, gSaa

flI+kQZ ekewyh I+kQdZ gS tks x+kSj ls ns[kus ls ekywe gks tk,xkA

4& ns[kus ls ekywe gksxk fd jkf'k uEcj 2 c`[k ds ?kj dk ekfyd 'kqDdj (feV~Vh ;k

vkSjr) gS ftls y{eh dk vorkj ekuk gSA ;gh ?kj c`gLir dks dq.Myh esa nkSyr o bT+T+kr dk

feyk gSA bl ?kj dks lc xzgksa us bT+T+kr ls ns[kk gSA u bl jkf'k dk uhp xzg gS u gh 'kqDdj

;k y{eh us fdlh jkf'k dks uhp fd;k gSA ;kuh uhp djus okys xzgksa ds ukeksa esa 'kqDdj dk

uke dgha ugha feyrkA y{eh dh bl flÝ+r ls mls uhp ekuk x;k gS vkSj ml ?kj esa fli+QZ

18

xq: dks gh cSBk;k gSA y{eh ;k 'kqDdj vkSjr feV~Vh ds lkFk [k+kuk uEcj 7 esa Hkh (cq/ dks gh

tks u uj gksos u eknk) eq[+kUul gS cSBk;k gS tks T+kehu dks xksy djrk vkSj 'kqDdj vkSjr y{eh

feV~Vh dh nksLrh dk ne Hkjrk gS vkSj bldh fjgkb'k ds fy, vius ?kj esa gh bls txg ns nh gSaA

exj [+kqn bldh fgI+kQkT+kr ds fy, [+kkuk uEcj 7esa gh cSBk gSA jkf'k;ksa ds ?kjksa esa Hkh blus NBh

jkf'k dU;k yM+dh c`gLir ds cqTkZ ds ,su lkFk feyh gqbZ rtZuh dh tM+ ilUn dh gSA vxj /

u jkf'k uEcj 3 ij cSBk;k rks Hkh mlus y{eh dks c`gLir dh uT+kj esa j[kk gS tks 'kqDdj dk viuk

?kj [+kkuk uEcj 2 gSA eryc ;s fd y{eh ogka gh mÙke gS tgka bl dh bT+T+kr ,slh gksA

jkf'k uEcj 5 lwjt dk ?kj gSA ftls fdlh xzg us Å¡p uhp u fd;kA lwjt blh mlwy ij

dHkh u ?kVrk gS u c<+rk gS ;k dHkh x#c ugha gksrkA

jkf'k uEcj 8& eaxy dk ?kj ;k yky taxh >aMs okys dk eqO+kQke gS ftls fdlh us Å¡p ugha

fd;kA bldh viuh ek¡ ;k panz (ekrk) us gh uhp dj fn;k gSA vkSj [+kkuk uEcj 8 yM+kdksa fd;k

lcds fy, gh ekSr dk ?kj gks xbZ gSA blh otg ls ftLe us fny (panz) dks viuk lkjk lgkjk

cuk;k gS fd ekSr ls cpkrk jgsA exj panz Hkh ikuh&ikuh gksdj leUnj gh esa pyk tkrk gSA (panz

dks leUnj Hkh ekuk gS ;k ekSr ds Mj ls ekrk dk viuk fny Hkh cM+s leUnj esa Nqi tkrk gS vkSj

ekSr dk [+kkuk cqyUn ugha gksrkA vkf[+kj lcdks vk¡[k iFkjkus ij luhpj ds vkf[+kjh oD+r esa) :i;s

ds vkB vkus gh feyrs gSa ;kuh viuh dekbZ ds :i;s dk fuLi+Q ;k (usdh o cnh dh nks phT+kksa

ls ,d vBUuh gh lkFk ys tkrk gSA)

jkf'k uEcj 11& lc xzgksa us dksf'k'k dh exj bls uhp dksbZ u dj ldkA vkf[+kj ij luhpj

[+kqn cnukeh mrkjus ds fy, lcds fy, dqEHk ikuh dk Hkjk gqvk ?kM+k 'kxqu ds rkSj ij ys vk;k

fd vxj panz (ikuh) ls gh ekSr dk ?kj Å¡p gks ldrk gS rks esjs Hkh dke vk,xkA exj [+kkuk

uEcj 11 lcdh viuh&viuh vkenu gSA bls dkSu uhpk djs\ lcdh fO+kQLer dk eqO+kQke gSA

blfy, dgk tkrk gS fd esjh fO+kQLer dkSu /ks,xk ;k esjh fO+kQLer dks rks dksbZ ugha /ks ldrkA

lcdks viuk&viuk fgLlk fey tkrk gSA vkSj fiQj tc ;s [+kkuk ,d ls X;kjg gks x;k gSA fO+kQLlk

eq[+rlj blh ikuh ds ?kM+s ds O+kQrjs O+kQrjs ij lcus yM+uk vkSj ejuk gSA ftls fO+kQLer nsxh og ysxkA

luhpj [+okg vius ?kj esa gh bl ?kM+s dks j[kus vkSj lc ls gksf'k;kj vk¡[k ls gh] fuxjkuh D;ksa

u djs exj cjrkus okyk rks c`gLir gh lc dk xq# gSA blh mlwy d gkSlys ij balku 12 jkf'k;ksa

ds ckjg lky dks xqT+kkjrk gSA fd vkf[+kj dHkh u dHkh 12 lky ds ckn gh ekfyd (c`gLir)

lqu gh ysxkA vkSj ;s lp gS fd 12 lky ds ckn gh lc dh veweu lquh tkrh gS vkSj fiQj ogh

c`gLir dk T+kekuk cnyus dks [+kkuk uEcj 1 lwjt fudy vkrk gSA

19

uEcj 5 gj jkf'k ds lkrosa uEcj ij ogh xzg Å¡p gksxk tks igys uhp FkkA ;kuh lkr xzg

vkSj 12 jkf'k ;k ckjg lÙks 84 pkSjklh dh twuh dk tatky ;k jkr fnu esa pkSjklh yk[k lk¡l

dk elyk vthc iSnk gks pqdk gSA gj lkrosa ds ckn fiQj ogh xzg vlj djrs gSaA gj vkBoas

lky ogh gkyr gks tkrh gSA blh mlwy ij

uEcj 6 vYi vk;q okyksa dk mez ds gj vkBosa lky 8&16&32& 40&48&56&64 rax gky

vkSj vke yksxksa dk mez ds gj lkrosa lky ds ckn gkykr dh rcnhyh ekurs gSa (;s mez js[kk

esa eqI+kQLLky gS)

uEcj 7 ikapksa maxfy;ksa vkSj lkrksa xzg dh pky ;k lkr iats 35 lky ds ckn lc xzg

viuk pØ iwjk dj tkrs gSaA tks xzg igys pØ esa cqjk vlj djrs gaS og vius nwljs pØ esa ;kuh

35 lky ds ckn nwljh pky esa mÙke iQy nsaxsA ,sls pØ lkjs 120 lkyk mez esa rhu nI+kQk T+;knk

ls T+;knk vkrs gSaA gj xzg dk vlkZ fe;kn Hkh mrus gh lky gS ftrus lky fd mez ij vlj fxuk

gSA ;kuh c`gLir 12 dh mez esa veweu gksxk vkSj lksyg lky gh vlj nsrk jgsxkA blh rjg

ckO+kQh lc xzg viuk&viuk vlj nsrs gSaA

c`gLir& T+knZ jax&L;kg ihiy dk nj[+r&ckfj'k& rkyhe 'kq# ;k [+kRe& vi+Qokg

uD+O+kQkjk&,&[+kYd&lkal&is'kkuh&ukd&lksuk oX+kSjg&xq# eafnj& 'ksj& gok&nky&puk&eqaX+kZ&dslj

lwjt& fnu dk oDr yky xk,&HkSal yky&Hkwjk jhN&nk;ha vk¡[k o ftLe dk nk;ka fgLlk&

xanqe& lq[+kZ rkack&L;kg eqag canj dks lwjt ugha fxurs gSaA canj xanqeh&jax] jFk xkM+h&fnu ds

oD+r dh vkSykn&bdykSrk yM+dk&xanqeh jax&usoyk xanqeh&Hkwjh dhM+h

panz& ck;ka fgLlk ftLe ;k vka¡[k ck;h&rkykc&pkanh&dqvka&?kksM+k

nw/& jkr dk oD+r&pdksj&[kjxks'k&ekrk&leUnjz&nw/ jax

eksrh& pkoy lI+kQsn&fcYyh lI+kQsn jaxA

'kqDdj& iQy&vkSjr&'kknh&lI+ksQn xk;&fpfM+;k (eknk)&?kh&ngh&:[+lkjk feV~Vh&jsr&

feV~Vh& jax dkI+kQwj&eksrh lI+ksQnA

eaxy usO+kQ& isV [kkuk&ehBk Hkkstu&cPpk iSnk gksuk&flUnwj&nky elwj&lk/q lar&rM+dk

lqcg dk oD+r&gyokuh jax&yky gksaB&Nkrh&uhe dk nj[+r&ryokj&phrk&fgj.k&'kgnA

eaxy cn& dkuk&vk¡[k dk uqD+l&dksbZ ekSr rkT+kk&pkyhl pUnjk&vkx ls balku oxS+jg dk

ty tkuk&vkx dh txg cPpk ox+Sjg dh ekSr&Nhad&Msd dk nj[+rA

20

cq/& cq/ uhp HksM+ cq/ ?kj dk cq/ Å¡p ?kj dk &cdjh&HksM+&xk; cX+kSj lhaxksa ds&iQqyokM+h&lCt

jax&iQwy&rksrk&I+kQO+kQhj dh vkokT+k&yM+dh&ewax lkfye&T+ke#n&ghjk&cksyuk&Iykg dk nj[+r&nkar&T+kckuA

luhpj& eNyh&exjePN&fcPNw&L;kg jax ---------------------------------------------------xk;&dhMs+&edku

cukuk&vkx ls fdlh phT+k dk ty tkuk tks tkunkj gksos&HkSal L;kg&csjh dk nj[+r&ek'k

lkfye&dkyk lkai&dhdj dk nj[+r&[kPpj (eq'rjdk luhpj)&chukbZ&dkSvk&

L;kg jhN&yksgkA

jkgq& [+okc&gkFkh&>ksyk etZ+&fgyuk&BksMh&dqÙks dh ekSr&fcYyh&L;kg jax&fj'rsnkj&uhyk

jax&uhyeA

dsrq& dsyk&x/k&beyh&Vkax&dqÙkk nks jax&tks lq[+kZ u gksosA lquuk&dku&fNidyh&is'kkc

xkg&fry&pwgk&lwvj&fpM+k (fpM+h dk uj)ftLe ij I+kQksM+sA

jax mik; okLrs vkSykn mik; vke

czãk uj xzg&1 c`gLir T+knZ gjh iwtu nky] puk] lksuk

fo".kq uj xzg&2 lwjt xUnqeh dFkk gfj oa'k xanqe&lq[+kZ rkack

f'ko ths L=kh xzg&3 panz nw/ dk vjkè; iwtu pkoy&nw/&pkanh

y{eh L=kh xzg&4 'kqDdj ngh dk yksxksa dh ikyuk ?kh ngh dkI+kQwj eksrh lI+kQsn jsr

guqeku uj xzg&5 eaxy lq[+kZ xk;=kh ikB nky elwj&yky

nqxkZth eq[+kUul&6 cq/ lCT+k nqxkZ ikB ewax lkfye] T+ke:n

HkSjksacyh eq[+kUul&7 luhpj L;kg jktk dh mikluk ek'k lkfye&yksgk

ljLorh eq[+kUul&8 jkgq uhyk dU;k nku ljlksa&uhye

xÅ ekrk eq[+kUul&9 dsrq fprdcjk nku dfiyk xk; fry

tks xzg uhp iQy nsos ml xzg ds cpko ds fy, ml txg fn;k gqvk nku I+kQjeku uEcj 113 ls feykdj djsaA

fu'kkfu;k¡

c`gLir dh& lksus dk uqO+kQlku&>wBh vI+kQokgsa&rkyhe cUn djuk oxS+jg c`gLir&[+kRe gqvkA

lwjt dh& yky xk; ;k HkSal dk ej tkuk ;k ?kj ls pyh tkuk&lwjt [+kRe gqvkA

panz dh& ?kj ls nw/ pyk tkos&?kksM+s dh ekSr&rkykc& dqvka [+kq'd gks tkos&ekrk [+kRe

gksos&panz [+kRe gksxkA

'kqDdj& xk; cSy /u nkSyr dh pksjh ;k xqe gks tkukAeaxy& cPpk iSnk gks dj [+kRe gks

tkos&vk¡[k dkuh gks tkos&eaxy cn vk;k vkSj eaxy usd [+kRe gqvkA

cq/& I+kQO+kQhj dh cn&nqvk gks tkos&rksrk xqe gks tkos&nksLr ls >xM+k gks tkos&T+kcku FkFkykosA

luhpj& edku fxj tkos&vkx yxs&HkSal ej tkos luhpj cqjk gks x;kA

jkgq& L;kg dqÙkk ?kj ls pyk tkos ;k xqe gks tkos&fcYyh jksos&L;kg jax fj'rsnkj dh uT+kj

esa I+kQO+kZQ gks tkosA

21

dsrq& nks jaxk dqÙkk&dku ds lquus dh rkO+kQr&fNidyh dk fxj iM+uk vius fy, rks vPNk exj

HkkbZ cUnksa vkSykn (yM+ds) ds fy, eugwlA lwjt ds cxS+j eaxy dk vlj eaxy cn dk

gh gksrk gSA eaxy cn lc dk gh nq'eu gSA eaxy cn dk vlj T+kger&chekjh&>xM+k

vkSj /je ds f[kykI+kQ dkjokbZ;ka gksrk gSA lwjt panz dks rks Å¡p djrk gSA exj lwjt dks

dksbZ Å¡p ugha djrk u gh lwjt vkSj panz dks dksbZ uhp dj ldrk gSA bu dk iQy vius

fy, mÙke gksrk gSA ikih xzgksa dk cqjk vlj T+k:j lkFk gks tk;k djrk gSA

lwjt dk cqtZ dq.Myh dk [+kkuk uEcj 1 gSA exj lwjt [+kkuk uEcj 1 esa rc gh gksxk tcfd

lwjt ds cqtZ ij cq/ dh rjI+kQ lwjt dk flrkjk O+kQk;e gks ojuk lwjt [+kkuk uEcj 5 dk

gksxkA(lwjt js[kk ;k lsgr js[kk [+kkuk uEcj 11 ds vk[+khj rd)

gkFk ftLe

dq.M

yh ds [

+kkus

1

2

3

10

11

12

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5

6

7

8

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rtZuh

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c`gLirluhpjlwjt

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fO+kQ

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dsrq

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kkeaxyusd

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jkgq dsrq dks gFksyh esatxg ugha nh x;h gSA

210

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12

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9

6

22

[+kkuk uEcj (2) cqtZ c`gLir dk gS& mez 75 lkyA bT+T+kr o nkSyr vT+k llqjky o nwljs

nqfu;k ds lkFkh cT+kfj;s mez js[kkA

Js"B js[kk& x`gLr js[kk ;k /u js[kk ox+Sjg fO+kQLer dk vlyh eO+kQln ;kuh u vk¡[k yxs

u gkFk nkSyr [+kqn c [+kqn gok dh rjg vkos o vkjke gksosA ;s xzg vius oD+r dk fuLI+kQ ;k ges'kk

8 lky vPNk iQy T+k:j nsxkA blds vlj ds oD+r panz (12) lky viuk fuLI+kQ dsrq (8) lky

eaxy cn (8) lky blds oD+r dk fuLI+kQ& fuLI+kQ vlkZ vlj nsaxsA ckO+kQh xzg viuk&viuk

iwjk&iwjk vlkZA 'kqDdj nq'eu gSA ysfdu tc vdsyk bl cqtZ ij gks rks lkjh mez vkjke 60 lky

nkSyr dh vken gksosA luhpj ds vlj esa lsgr gYdh jgsA

[+kkuk uEcj 3 dk vlj& cqtZ eaxy dk gS mez 90 lky

(i) usd eaxy& nksLr&HkkbZcUn llqjky o llqjky [kkunku&vkSykn dks lq[k ennxkj eqrvfYydk

nqfu;k gkSlyk uT+kj chukbZ& vknykuk rch;rA

(ii) eaxy cn& nq'eu&nwljs HkkbZ& rk;s pkps ekew o ekew [kkunku&taxks tny& 'kjkjr& [+kwuh

gkSlysA

uksV& lwjt ds cx+Sj eaxy dks eaxy cn fxurs gSaA tks chekjh ekSr dk vlj nsxkA flj js[kk

ds lgh gksus ij eaxy cn dk vlj u gksxkA

fe;kn vlj& blds vlj ds oD+r 'kqDdj luhpj eaxy cn (5 lky) rhuksa 1@3 vlkZ

vius&vius oD+r dk dsrq (24 lky) vkSj cq/ (17 lky) 1@2 vlkZ viuk vkSj jkgq fcYdqy

pqi gksxkA vkSj vlj unkjnA ckO+kQh iwjk&iwjk vlkZ vlj gksxkA eaxy vxj ex (fgj.k) gks rks cqT+kfny

vkSj vxj phrk gks rks 'ksj ls Hkh T+;knk [+kwu ihus okyk gksxkAdq.Myh esa [+kkuk uEcj (4) cqtZ panzek

dk gSA mez 85@96 lky gksxhA ekrk&tk;nkn tn~nh [+ksrh dh T+kehu&x+Sch enn vkSj ckx+

cx+hsps&ckykbZ vkenu&dqvka&ikuh leUnj&nw/&fny&'kkfUr&lI+kQj&edku fjgkb'kh r; T+kehu&

#gkuh rkO+kQr vkSj [+kqnkbZ igqap& [+kq'kh x+eh dh js[kkA

'kqDdj vkSj cq/ bldk fuLI+kQ vlkZ vkSj rkO+kQr Hkh fuLi+Q T+kk;k dj nsrs gSaA exj viuh rkO+kQr

og iwjh j[krs gSaA ckO+kQh xzg iwjk&iwjk vlj djrs gSaA panz dk lwjt ds lkFk feyus ij lwjt dk

iQy gks tkrk gS vkSj nksuksa dk gh iQy mÙke gksxkA lwjt ds oD+r panz viuh tqnh jks'kuh T+kkfgj

ugha djrkAvkSj lwjt ls gh jks'kuh ysxkA

dq.Myh esa [+kkuk uEcj 5& ^c`gLir vkSykn* cgqr cM+k c`gLir 'kqDdj gksxkAdq.Myh esa

[k+kuk uEcj 5% & bYe vkSykn dk lq[k gksA tks [+kwclwjr vkSj usd gksxhA ekeaw dk lq[k&taxy igkM+

dk rkYyqO+kQ&vkx dk [+kkSI+kQ&tkS dk fu'kku vaxwBs ij D;ksafd lwjt dk ?kj gS blfy, 'kqDdj vkSj

cq/ dk dHkh cqjk vlj u gksxkA D;ksafd lwjt ds lkeus 'kqDdj vkSj cq/ nksuksa pqi gksaxsA

23

[+kkuk uEcj 6& dsrq dk gS mez 80 lky&nq'eu&ekewa [+kkunku dks lq[k nsl ijnsl dh

fT+kUnxh&viuksa ls eqgCcr&uj vkSykn& nkSyr dh vken ij vken& vius fy, vPNk gksxk exj

nwljksa ij viuk cqjk vlj nsxkA tc mÙke gks vkSj c`gLir dk lkFk gks ;s cq/ dh jkf'k vkSj dsrq

dk fuokl gSA

[+kkuk uEcj 7 esa cq/ iQwy vkSj 'kqDdj iQy ;k cht gSA 'kqDdj ds cx+Sj [+kjkc vD+y okyk

gksxkA

[+kkuk uEcj 7& cqtZ 'kqDdj dk gSA mez 85@96 lkyA vkSjr dk rkYyqO+kQ rknkn vkSj lq[k&

vT+khT+kksa ls eqgCcr vkSj lkjh mez vkjke (tc vdsyk c`gLir ij gks 60 lky nkSyr vkos)& [+ksrh

ds eqrvfYydk lkeku xk; cSy dk lq[+k vkSj mÙke iQyA lokjh dk lq[+k& pkSik, dk ykHk&jkx

ls eqgCcr& 'kk;j gj nks eqgCcr gO+kQhO+kQh vkSj xS+j gO+kQhO+kQh blds vlj dks lwjt&panz&jkgq [+kjkc

djrs gSaA cgqr cM+k c`gLir 'kqDdj gksxkA vkSj cgqr cM+k 'kqDdj vkSykn ls eg:e j[ksxkA uje gkFk

dk c`gLir ekewyh 'kqDdj gksxkA L=kh /u dk lq[+k&bl cqtZ dk nqfu;koh dkjksckj ls dksbZ rkYyqO+kQ

ughaA T+;knkrj iqjkuh feV~Vh dk 'kkSd vkSj iqjkuh feV~Vh dh iwtuk vke <ax gksrk gS ftl esa [+kqn

T+kkrh dekbZ vkSj tk;nkn tn~nh cjckn gksxhA lcc flI+kQZ viuh fnekx+h uD+y o gjO+kQr gksxhA xqLlk

(lwjt dh xehZ) cqfu;kn gksxkA

cq/ [+kkuk uEcj 7& is'kk nLrdkjh&nksLrh dh rkO+kQr&mez 80 lky&rgjhj o rO+kQjhj&cksyus

dh rkO+kQr&nqfu;koh rtqcsZ&gkfT+kj eky dk C;ksikj&is'kk nLrdkjh gqujeUnhA ekrk dh mez& nkSyr

dk jk[+kk (cq/ ds fuLi+Q vlkZ 17 lky) fe;kn vlj dsrq 12 lky 1@4 vlkZ exj luhpj 1&1@4

;k 45 lky vkSj luhpj dh [+kjkch dh rkO+kQr Hkh 1&1@4 ;k lokbZ gksxhA ckO+kQh viuk iwjk&iwjk

vlkZ lwjt ds lkFk cq/ viuk fuLi+Q ;k 17 lky pqi jgrk gSA

dq.Myh esa [+kkuk uEcj (8)&vlj luhpj dk ekSr dk gSA ftLekuh lsgr& nq%[k chekjh vkSj

ekSr&nwljksa ds fy, fT+kUnxh vkSj dekbZ rk, pkps vkSj [+kqn viuh mez ds lky eaxy cn vkSj

luhpj cqjk vlj nsaxsA

[+kkuk uEcj (9) vlj c`gLir dk& /je&ijksidkj&rhFkZ ;k=kk&okfyn dk lq[+k&?kj ds

vius vknfe;ksa dh uacjnkjh&gO+kQheh&ijgsT+kxkjh pky pyuA eaxy cn&'kqDdj vkSj cq/ [+kjkc djrs

gSaA flj js[kk lgh gksus ij eaxy cn dk vlj u gksxkA mÙke lwjt esa c`gLir dk /je dHkh Hkh

uhp u gksxkA bl [+kkus ds vlj ds fy, I+kQjeku uEcj 122 ds tqT+k uEcj 12 rk 23 cfYd 25 T+k:j

24

dq.Myh esa [+kkuk uEcj (10)& cqtZ luhpj dk gSA mez 90 lkyA dje eDO+kQkjh&vk¡[k dh

gksf'k;kjh ls /u nkSyr dk Hk.Mkjh eaxy usd dh rch;r ds fcYdqy cjvD+l okykA tknw ea=k

dh rkO+kQr okykA vk¡[kksa ls gh dku dk dke ysus okyk (dkyk lkai) mÙke gkyr esa lc

ij izcy gksus okykA b±V iRFkj o lkeku edku dk rkYyqO+kQ&T+kgjhys tkuojksa vkSj nfjan vkSj ifjan

ij gkoh (Nk tkus okyk)A okfyn dh mez T+;knk& vke ds dke fe;kn vlj&lwjt (7 lky)

panzek (8 lky) eaxy (9 lky) vius vius vlsZ esa luhpj dks 1@3 T+kk;k djsaxsA dsrq dk (24

lky) dk mlds vius vlsZ dk 1@2 gksxkA ckO+kQh viuk&viuk iwjk vlkZ lwjt&panz&eaxy&

nq'eukbZ dk vlj nsaxsA luhpj dh ekSr lcls cqjh ekSr gqvk djrh gSA vkSj lwjt

dh lcls mÙkeA

[+kkuk uEcj (11) vlj c`gLir& vkenu dk gSA gj rjg dh dekbZ ftl esa reke xzgksa dk

vlj 'kkfey gSA Js"B js[kk&Å/Z js[kk&/u js[kk&fO+kQLer js[kk gkFk dh gFksyh oxS+jg lc ds lc

blesa 'kkfey gSaA dsrq dk lc ls T+;knk vlj gksxk tks mÙke gkyr esa [+kwc nkSyr ij nkSyr nsxkA

exj dsrq dh gkfT+kjh esa panz nwj gksxkA ;kuh tk;nkn tn~nh rks bruhs u gksxh ftruh og [+kqn dekbZ

djsxkA bl [k+kus ds fy, reke ds reke bYe dh okDI+kQh lc ls T+;knk T+k:jh gksxhA ;s vkenu

dk [k+kuk gS cpr dk ughaA ;kuh cpr D;k gksxh bl ckr dk T+kokc [+kkus ls ugha feyrkA

[+kkuk uEcj (12) vlj c`gLir&jkgq dk gSA [+kpZ&nkSyr dk lq[+k o [+kpZA L=kh dk vkSykn

dk cT+kfj;k /u lq[+k&luhpj dk csgn O+kQchyk& lV~Vs dk C;ksikj&ijkbZ nkSyr dh fgI+kQkT+kr o

lq[+k&nq[+kA

vlj& ;s c`gLir dk ?kj gS ftl esa jkgq dk fuokl gSA bl ?kj

esa eaxy gksus ij jkgq pqi pki gksxkA [+kpkZ O+kQchysnkjh ds dkeksa

esa gksxkA exj cgqr T+;knk gksxkA

C;ksikj lV~Vs ds fy, Hkh cq/ ds vlj ls ;s uhp gksxkA ;kuh cq/ dh

gkT+kjh esa C;ksikj mÙke gksxkA ;kuh [+kpZ gksxk exj C;ksikj mÙke u gksxkA D;ksafd

jkgq&cq/ nksLr gSaA

eq'rjO+kQk uksV

gj ,d xzg vius oD+r ds fuLI+kQ o ,d pkSFkkbZ esa Hkh viuk vlj

iwjk&iwjk djrk gSA

25

ftLe dks gjO+kQr esa djus okyh phT+k dk uke fny gS tks panz dgyk;kA fnekx+ dk ekfyd

cq/ gqokA ftl esa [+k;kykr ds mrkj p<+ko dh gj phT+k iSnk djus dh rkO+kQr dk uke jkgq j[kk

x;kA exj jkgq flj dk ekfyd vkSj panz fny dk ekfyd ckge nq'eu gSaA vkSj ftLe o flj ds

bdVBs fey dj dke u djus dh gkyr esa bUlku u fny dk ekfyd gksxk u flj dh rkO+kQr

dk Hk.Mkjh ;kuh nhokuk gksxkA exj nksuksa ds njfe;ku ,d gok pyrh gSA tks fdlh ls nq'euh

ugha djrhA vkSj nksuksa dks gh bdVBk dj ds dke djokrh gSA bldk uke c`gLir gSA ;kuh tc

pUnz vkSj jkgq nksuksa esa c`gLir dk lkFk gksA dksbZ uqO+kQlku u gksxkA vxj nqfu;knkjksa dks nksLrh ij

feykus ds fy, cq/ gqok rks yksd (ekStwnk nqfu;k) vkSj ijyksd dks feykus okyk c`gLir gqokA

exj cq/ o c`gLir Hkh ckge nq'eu gSaA mu nksuksa dks feykus okyh nksLrh dk uke lwjt gSA exj

lwjt dHkh xqe ugha gksrk blfy, nqfu;k Hkh ik;nkj gqbZA vkSj panz jkgq o cq/ cT+kfj;s c`gLir dh

nksLrh Hkh vVy gqbZA

Å¡p c`gLir [+kkuk uEcj 4 dk gksrk gSA ftlesa c`gLir dk cgqr mÙke iQy gksxkA

cqtZ c`gLir dk vlj [k+kuk uEcj 2

1& c`gLir dks xq# ekuk gSA bldk vlj nqfu;koh fj'rsnkjksa ls usd rkYyqd&/u nkSyr dh

o T+k[khjsA vkSykn [kwclwjr vkSykn dk lq[k&okfyn dk lq[k [+kkldj okynk dks& mez esa ykHk

;k vkenuA nqfu;koh bT+T+kr&/je esa lkI+kQ&nkuh o lkfcr dneh vke cjrko esa [+kq'k [+kqjZeh vkSj

[+kUnk is'kkuh vkSjr dk lq[+k vkSj okfyn dk vkjkeA xT+kZ fd T+kekus dh gok dk iwjk usd vlj

vkSj jktk bUnz dh rjg yksd ijyksd dk ekfyd vkSj lq[k ysus okyk gksA u vk¡[k dh gksf'k;kjh

ls /u dekuk iM+s u [+kqn gkFk ls dekbZ djuh iM+sA [+kqn c [+kqn y{eh ikao idM+rh fiQjsA

2& fny&js[kk ds nq#Lr gksrs gq, 'kqDdj dk cqjk vlj u gksxkA

3& uhp c`gLir& 'kqDdj ds rkYyqO+kQ ls (;kuh ijkbZ vkSjr ek'kwdk

I+kQkfg'k ox+Sjg)A vkSykn dk nq%[kA ekrk dks firk dk nq%[k (ekrk ij [+kqn bldk dksbZ vlj u

gksxk) HkkbZ;ksa ls jathnxhA eqrvfYydk nqfu;k ls eyky vkSj nq'euhA /je lss eq[+kkyI+kQrA vkenu

esa lksus ls feV~Vh feysxh vkSj gok dh rjg vkbZ gqbZ y{eh gok gks tk,xhA ikao dh feV~Vh

('kqDdj) flj ij p<+ tk,xhA ;k flj esa [kk+d ;k flj ij [+kkd iM+ tk,xhA ,slk vkneh dksbZ

I+kQdhj lkfgcs deky u gksxk cfYd I+kQdhj ntkZ lks;e gksxkA (rhth fiNkag eqM+&eqM+ os[knh) ;kuh

(i) bDd I+kQdhjh ys[k nhA (fO+kQLer dh)

(ii) nwth gksos Hksl nhA (iks'kkd dh)

(iii) rhth fiNkag eqM+ eqM+ os[knh

26

gj lkal esa (cgLir gok esa) ;gh gksxk fd vkrk gS ;kn eq>dks xqT+kjk gqvk T+kekukA

exj vc rhljh I+kQdhjh D;k djsA uEcj 3 feFkqu jkf'k cu x;kA ftlds ?kj dk ekfyd

cq/ gSA 'kqDdj dh T+kehu vc cq/ ds lgkjs xksy (cq/ dk fu'kku ) gks xbZA

tks ihNs Fks og vkxs gq,A ,d nq'eu 'kqDdj ls NwVk rks nwljk cq/

vk [+kM+k gqvk gSA

4& cq/ ds rkYyqd ls xks;kbZ de gqbZA cksyus esa Hkh 'keZ vkus yxhA

ekrk firk dk lq[k u ns[k ldhA [+kqn ;rhe gqvk vkSj viuh fO+kQLer ds ctk, lc dh

fO+kQLer ns[kus yxkA ,d dk rks flI+kQj gqvkA ----------------------------------vkSj

[+kkuk uEcj 10 luhpj dk mEehnokj (Å¡p luhpj c`gLir dk iQy nsrk gS nksckjk

Hkkxoku nq"V Hkkxoku gh gksxk)

ftudks cf[+'k'k djrk Fkk luhpj ds oD+r muls Nhuuk iM+sxkA ftudks nku

nsrk FkkA vkSj lwjt ds dyad dks Hkh /ksrk Fkk (lwjt&xzg.k ds fnu nku)

muls vc /ku (jksVh dk xqT+kkjk pkoy dh Hkh Nky) ysuk iM+sxkA vius

cki dks tks [+kq'kh ls cki u dgrk Fkk vc gj ,d dks gh ^esjk ekbZ cki gS*

dgrk fI+kQjsxkA xks;k c`gLir dh gok cnyh rks T+kekuk dh gok Hkh ennxkj u jghA c`gLir VqdM+s

gqvk rks u cl (viuk vki) dkcw jgk vkSj u ir (bT+T+kr) gh ikbZ xbZA

c`gLir dk vlj

1 lwjt ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa xzgksa dk nksLrkuk viuk&viuk vkSj tqnk&tqnk vkSj mÙke iQy

gksxkA 1 dq.Myh esa c`gLir dk vlj& es[k jkf'k es<k ?kj dk ekfyd eaxy fgj.k gS tks c`gLir

dk nksLrgSA lwjt (jFk) Å¡p djrk gS tks c`gLir dk nksLr gSA luhpj exjePN uhp djrk gS

tks [+kqn c`gLir dk nksLr gSA blfy, pkjksa xzgksa dk (eaxy&fgj.k lwjt&jFk luhpj&exjePN vkSj

c`gLir&'ksj) vkSj es[k ;k esa<k dk vlj nksLrkuk mÙke vkSj Å¡p gksxkA nqq'eu xks T+;knkgksaxs exj

T+ksj gksaxsA jktnjckj&/u nkSyr&yM+kbZ >xM+k&eqdn~ne tk;nkn edku oxS+jg esa lc rjiQ mÙke

gksxkA vkSykn 8 lky gksrh jgsA mez 75 lky gksxhA lwjt dk jFk fgj.k 'ksj phrk pyk;sxk vkSj

luhpj dh vka[k fuxjkuh djsxhA nksLrkuk <ax ij ;k dkyk lkai Hkh flj ij lk;k djus okyk 'ks"k

ukx gksxkA bYe okyk&rCkh;r esa xqLlk gksxk exj lkI+kQ fny pkykdh dks iQkSju le>us okyk vkSj

jksdus okyk gksxkA uT+kj chukbZ ges'kk mEnk ftL+e rUn:Lr gksxkA firk dk lkFk vkSykn dk lq[k gksxkA

vT+khT+kksa ls eqgCcr djus okyk vkSj lq[k ikus okyk gksxkA gj gkyr esa yky tek ihyk¾iDdk ihyk

gksxkA ;kuh c`gLir dk usd vlj ,slk iDdk gksxk tks mrjsxk ughaA ckdh xzgksa dk vlkZ

fe;kn&ckgeh rkYyqO+kQ&vlj tqnk&tqnk ;k eq'rjdk nksLrh nq'euh oxS+jg tqnh&tqnh txg nTkZ gSA2

c`gLir ds vius cqtZ ij& eqI+kQLly tqnk nT+kZ gSA

27

2 c`[k jkf'k cSy& ?kj dk ekfyd 'kqDdj gS lI+kQsn >.Mk fy;s tks c`gLir dk nq'eu gSA exj

T+kekus dh gok ;k c`gLir nq'euh blls ugha djrkA cgqr cM+k cgLir gks rks 'kqDdj dk gh iQy

nsrk gSA ;g cgLir dk vly eqO+kQke gSA panz Å¡p djrk gS tks c`gLir dk nksLr gSA bl jkf'k dks

uhp djus okyk dksbZ xzg ughaA (c`gLir dks blhfy, xq# ;k lcdk mLrkn ekuk gSA vkSj lkeqfnzd

esa lc xzgksa ls ntkZ vCoy ;k vlj djus dh pky esa uEcj (1) ij ekuk gS) c`gLir ds reke

fu'kkuksa dk iwjk&iwjk mÙke iQy gksxkA gj dke esa gksf'k;kj vkSj usd vlj gksxkA 27 o"kZ jktnjckj

ls usd rkYyqO+kQ gksxkA vkSj gj rjiQ clUr dk ('ksjkuk T+knZ jax ;k lI+kQsn ngh jax efV;kyk)

'khjkuk iQy gksxkA T+kekuk dh dqy gok enn nsxhA ('khjkuk&ehBk o nw/ dk&'ksjkuk

¾ 'ksj tSlk cgknqjkuk)3 eaxy cn usd ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa xzgksa dk nksLrkuk eq'rjdk vkSj

mÙke gksxkA taxks tny esa cgknqj exj nwljksa dk eky Nhuus okyk gksA 3 feFkqu jkf'k enZ o

vkSjr dk tksM+kA ?kj dk ekfyd cq/ esa<k tks c`gLir 'ksj ;k T+kekus dh gok dk nq'eu gSA jkgq

gkFkh Å¡p djrk gS tks c`gLir ('ksj) dh cjkcjh dk gSA dsrq lwjt uhp djrk gS tks c`gLir

dk eqlkoh gSA vlj ds fy;s ;g ?kj eaxy dk gS ftldh gkT+kjh esa jkgq pqi jgrk gSA tcfd cqTkZ

eaxy usd dk gksos tks (eaxy usd c`gLir dk nksLr gS) vkSj HkkbZ&cUn gO+kQhO+kQh&llqjky uT+kj

vkSj vkSykn dks lq[k vkSj vkSykn dh mez ls eqrvfYydk gksxkA fygkT+kk cq/ dh nq'euh tks eaxy

vkSj dsrq dk nksLr gSA flI+kQZ vkSykn ekeaw ls eqrvfYydk gksxhA exj [+kqn og 'k[+l lkfgcs bYe ;k

vD+y okyk gksxkA 20 lky vT+khT+kksa ls eqgCcr gksxh vkSj vkjke ik;sxkA jkt njckj ls xqT+kjku

djsxk vkSj usd vlj gksxkA c`gLir vkSj cq/ esa I+kQdZ ;k nq'euh uhyk jax (gjs vkSj uhys esa)

tks jkgq gS vkSj Å¡p djrk gSA eaxy cn dk cqtZ ,slk usd vlj u nsxkA xks taxks tny esa cgknqj

gksxkA exj nwljksa dk eky Nhuus okyk gksxkA de ulhc&>xM+kyw&gjne xyk >xM+s esa ;k >xM+k

xys yxk jgsxkA 'kjhj exj cqT+kfny gksxkA 31 lky chekjh dk rkYyqO+kQ gksA

4 panz ds cqtZ ij& ckge nksLrkuk eqqq'rjdk vkSj mÙke&iQy gksxkA jktnjckj ls I+kQk;nkA T+kjks eky

dh rjD+O+kQh&gj rjg dh 'kkfUr gksosA 'ksj lh/k rSjrk gSA oD+rs jÝ+ru vkc esa 'ksj ikuh ds nfj;k

esa lh/k gh rSjsxkA

4 c`gLir dk vlj& ddZ jkf'k dsdM+kA ?kj dk ekfyd panz lI+kQsn ?kksM+k gS tks c`gLir dk

nksLr gSA eaxy fgj.k uhp djrk gS vkSj og Hkh c`gLir dk nksLr gSA c`gLir [+kqn bls Å¡p djrk

gSA blfy;s c`gLir dk usd vlj gksxkA tks panz ds iQy dk iwjk mÙke HkaMkj gksxkA jktnjckj

ls I+kQk;nk& T+kjks eky dh rjD+O+kQh&edku vkyh'kku 24 lky rkyhe o bYe dh cjO+kQr xtZ+ fd

gj rjg dh 'kkfUr gksxhA

28

5 flag jkf'k 'ksj uj& ?kj dk ekfyd lwjt jFk gSA bl jkf'k dks dksbZ xzg Å¡p ;k uhp ugha

dj ldrkA vc cgLir dk 'ksj vius 'ksj ds ?kj esa gSA cgLir ds vkSykn ls eqrvfYydk fu'kku

viuk iwjk vlj usd nsaxsA vkSykn dh rjI+kQ ls lkfgcs T+kjks tk;nkn gksxkA ojuk ekewa dks 7 lky

rO+kQyhiQ gksxhA

6 dU;k jkf'k yM+dh& ?kj dk ekfyd cq/ esa<k gSA vkSj ftl esa dsrq lwvj dk fuokl gSA dsrq

c`gLir ds eqlkoh exj cq/ tks dsrq ds cjkcj dk gS c`gLir dk nq'eu gSA exj c`gLir cq/

dk nq'eu ugha vkSj cq/ ds cjkcj dk gSA jkgq (gkFkh) vkSj cq/ Å¡p djrs gaSA nksuksa c`gLir ds

eqlkoh gSA dsrq vkSj 'kqDdj uhp djrs gaSA ftlesa 'kqDdj rks c`gLir dk nq'eu gS exj dsrq

cjkcj dkA bl rjg ls cq/ vkSj nksuksa gh c`gLir ds nq'eu gqosA cq/ ?kj dk ekfyd vkSj mlh

jkf'k dks Å¡p djrk gSA blfy, og vius ?kj dh fgiQkT+kr ds fy, ml ?kj dh cjcknh u djsxkA

;kuh ekewa dh rjiQ lc [+kq'kgky gksaxsA exj [+kqn vius fy;s 40 jl nq'eu gksaxsA c`gLir fdlh

ls nq'euh ugha djrkA lkal ;k c`gLir dh gok cs'kO+kQ (dsrq rwIkQkuh gok vkSj 'kqDdj feV~Vh feyh

gqbZ) dSlh Hkh gksosA gj balku dks enn djsxhA blfy;s og 'k[+l l[+kh ljcj gksxkA vkSj vius

ikl nkSyr tek u j[ksxkA

7 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa xzg cjkcj rkO+kQr ds gSaA c`gLir rks dqN ugha djrk exj 'kqDdj

c`gLir ls nq'euh djrk gSA blfy, 'kqDdj dk iQy viuk rks vPNk gksxk exj c`gLir dk

'kqDdj ds T+kgj ls gYdk vkSj nq'eukuk gksxkA nqfu;koh o X+kSch enn rks T+k:j gksxhA lI+kQj ls

fT+kUnxh mEnk gksxhA exj okfyn vkSykn dk lq[k gYdkA HkkbZ;ksa ls cs vkjkeh gksxhA 7 rqyk jkf'k

rjkT+kw ds nks iyM+ksa esa 'kqDdj cSy vkSj cq/ esa<k ;dlka rqy jgs gSaA tks nksuksa c`gLir ds nq'eu

gaS exj c`gLir nksuksa esa ls fdlh dk Hkh nq'eu ugha gSA luhpj exjePN ;k eNyh Å¡p djrk

gS tks c`gLir ds cjkcj dk gSA ysfdu lwjt uhp djrk gS tks c`gLir dk nksLr gSA bl rjg

ls lwjt dh gkT+kjh esa 'kqDdj vkSj c`gLir dk nwljk nq'eu cq/ nksuksa gh pqi jgsaxsA vkSykn

[+kwclwjr vkSj lq[k ysus okyh gksxh exj lq[k nsus okyh u gksxhA xtZ+ fd vkSykn HkkbZcUn okfyn

oXkS+jg vkSj vkSjr ds lq[k ls eg:e gksxkA og lc rks lq[k ysaxs exj lq[k nsaxs ughaA

cq/ ds cqtZ ij& vxj c`gLir js[kk AAAA 'kknh js[kk dks dkVs rks vkSykn cjcknA vkSj vxj cq/

ij lwjt ds cqtZ dh rjiQ c`gLir dk fu'kku AAA gks rks bYes T;ksfr"k vkSj nqfu;koh rtqcsZdkj

gksxkA 'kqDdj vÕ;k'kh dh rjiQ rks ys tk,xkA 4 lky [+kwc ,s'k djsxk exj ijgsT+kxkj gksxkA

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7 cq/ ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa dk viuk&viuk vkSj nq'eukuk gksxkA lh/s [+kr cq/ ij gksa rks vkSykn

uk'k djsaA

8 c`PNd fcPNw ?kj dk ekfyd eaxy gSA tks c`gLir dk nksLr gSA vlj ds fy, luhpj

dk eqO+kQke gS tks c`gLir ds eqlkoh gS panz uhp djrk gS vkSj c`gLir dk nksLr gSA bl jkf'k

dks dksbZ Å¡p ugha dj ldrkA ekSr ls cpsxkA nkSyr gksxh exj de nkSyr&chekjh dk lkFk

T+k:j gksxk tc eaxy cn dk rkYyqO+kQ gksA

9 /u jkf'k cSy xk,& flj vkneh dk vkSj Vkaxsa pkSik;k dhA ?kj dk ekfyd [+kqn c`gLir dsrq

Å¡p djrk gSA tks c`gLir ds cjkcj dk gSA jkgq uhp djrk gSA tks c`gLir dk eqlkoh gSA

c`gLir dsrq ij Hkh izcy gksxkA vdsyk jkgq [+kiQk gksxkA tks [+kpkZ T+;knk j[ksxkA exj nkSyr o

/u [+kwc vkosxkA [+k;kykr O+kQnjs ls /je ds f[+kykiQ gksaxsA okfyn dks ckjg

lky (jkgq dk 1@4) rO+kQyhiQ gksxhA luhpj ds cqtZ ij&nksuksa xzg eqlkoh gaSA blfy, nkuksa dk

viuk viuk exj luhpj dk [+kjkc iQyA T+kjks tk;nkn okyk gksxkA exj 'kgor ijLrh ls

rax gky gks tkosA

10 edj jkf'k exjePN& [kqn luhpj ekfyd gS tks c`gLir ds eqlkoh gSA eaxy tks c`gLir

dk nksLr gS bldks Å¡p djrk gSA bl ?kj dks c`gLir [+kqn uhp djrk gS exj luhpj Hkh cyoku

gSA blfy;s ckjg lky rks nkSyr dk lkFk gksxkA og Hkh luhpj dh vka[k lsA cknvT+kka rax nLr

gksxkA c`gLir dh nkSyr lkFk u nsxhA vlj cqjk gh gksxkA 'kgor ijLrh lsA

11dqEHk jkf'k& ikuh ls Hkjk gqvk ?kM+kA ?kj dk ekfyd luhpj gSA tks c`gLir dk eqlkoh

gSA bl jkf'k dks Å¡p&uhp dksbZ ugha dj ldrkA vlj ds fy;s Hkh c`gLir dk ?kj gSA blfy;s

flI+kQZ luhpj vkSj c`gLir dk rkYyqO+kQ jg x;kA ;kuh 12 lky rks nkSyr dh vken cknvktka

chekjh ges'kkA fudEek ;k [+kjkc iQy gh gksxkA 'kgor ijLrh lsA

12 ehu jkf'k eNyh& ?kj dk ekfyd c`gLir [+kqn ftl esa jkgq dk fuokl gSA vkSj og cgLir

ds cjkcj dk gSA 'kqDdj vkSj dsrq Å¡p djrs gSaA ;kuh 'kqDdj vc nksLrh dk iQy nsxk cq/ jkgq

uhp djrs gSaA cq/ 'kqDdj nksLr gaSA cq/ jkgq Hkh nksLr gaS blfy;s vc nq'euh Hkko de gksxkA

c`gLir vc oT+khj ckrnchj gksxkA 'kqDdj dk vlkZ 25 lky nkSyr dk vkjke nsxk exj jkgq

ges'kk [+kpkZ [+kM+k j[ksxk tks O+kQchynkjh ds usd dkeksa esa lI+kQZ gksxkA exj cpr u gksxhA

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lwjt dk vlj&[+kkuk uEcj 1

1& nqfu;k dk ykHk (nkSyr dh vkenu) jktnjckj ls usd rkYyqO+kQ o xqT+kjku

mEnk nqfu;koh 'kku gj txg dnj o eUT+kyrkA ftLe vkSj lsgr mEnkA vkf[+kjh oD+r rd reke

vT+kk, ftLekuh O+kQk;eA lkfgcs veykd (tk;nkn okyk) lI+kQj dk rkYyqO+kQ vkSj lI+kQj ls nkSyr

:gkuh rkO+kQr dk usd vljA nqfu;k dk bZekunkj (iSls /sys dk rkYyqO+kQ) [kqn lPpk vkSj lPpkbZ

ilUnA (igpku jax&u L;kg gksxk vkSj u lI+kQsn gksxkA) vkSj igyh vkSykn yM+dk gksxkA ftldh

iSnkbZ'k fnu dh gksxh ;k vk/h jkr ds ckn lqcg dh rjI+kQ dh gksxhA usdh ds dke esa lc ls

vkxs gksxkA X+kjhc dk ennxkjA b'O+kQ o eqgCcr iQkg'kk ls eqruI+kQj gksxkA okfyn dk lk;k

vkriQr T+;knk vkSj T+;knk nsj rd gksxkA vkSykn dh rknkn FkksM+h ;k fxurh dh gh gksxhA rch;r

esa lkai dk xqLlk gksxkA ;kuh lquus dh ctk, ns[kus ij Hkjkslk djsxkA (lkai ds dku ugha gksrA

vka[kksa ls gh dku dk dke ysrk gSA) fny js[kk ds lgh gkyr esa gksus ls 'kqDdj dk cqjk vlj

u gksxkA

uhp gkyr

2& lwjt [+kqn uhp ugha gks ldrkA exj uhp xzg ls uhpksa dk ge lk;k T+k:j fxuk x;k

gSA 'kqDdj ds rkYyqO+kQ ls T+kueqjhn cnfdjnkj gksxkA luhpj ds rkYyqO+kQ ls >wB dk iqryk cusxkA

vkSj usdh I+kQjkeks'k gksxkA fu/Zu daxky gksxkA jkgq ds vlj esa fnekX+k dh [kjkchA ekyh [kkSfy;k

oX+kSjg gksxkA fO+kQLer js[kk ;k lwjt js[kk dh vne ekStwnxh esa [kqndq'kh dj ysxkA exj I+kQO+kQhj

uEcj 3 u cusxkA lkai dks nw/ gh fiyk,xkA luhpj (dkyk lkai) dk cki gh dgykrk pyk

vk;k gS vkSj vk,xk (luhpj lwjt dk yM+dk gSA)

3& lwjt dh reke dekbZ [+kqn iSnk djnk og nkSyr o tk;nkn gksxhA u c`gLir dh vkl

j[ksxk u luhpj dh enn <aw<sxkA ;kuh u c`gLir okfyn vkSj luhpj csVk dk Hkjkslk j[ksxkA [+kqn

viuk vki fplk,xk vkSj /u nkSyr ik,xkA lq[kZ+ rkacsa dh rjg (;g lwjt dk jax gSA) ftruh

pksaVsa [kk,xk mruk gh c<+rk pyk tk,xkA lwjt O+kQk;e okys dks ftruk dksbZ nck,xk og mruk

gh vkSj cqyUn gks tk,xkA ;kuh mldks rckg djus dh xT+kZ ls ekjus okyk [+kqn gh rckg gks tk,xk

vkSj uhp lwjt okyk cX+kSj fdlh ds ekjus ds gh vius vki dks ekjsxkA D;ksafd T+kueqjhnh lwjt

ij 'kqDdjdk vlj fxuk x;k gSA

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lwjt dk vlj

1 1& lwjt ds cqtZ ij& tqnk eqiQLly nT+kZ gSA 2& dq.Myh esa lwjt dk vlj (lwjt js[kk)

es[k jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd eaxy tks lwjt dk nksLr gSA [+kqn lwjt bldks Å¡p djrk gSA luhpj

uhp djrk gS tks lwjt dk nq'eu gSA eaxy usd ds vlj esa nkSyreUn o tk;nkn okyk gksxkA

vkSj gj rjg ls mÙke exj luhpj dh nq'euh ds vlsZ esa 15 lky ftLekuh rO+kQyhiQ gksxhA

2 c`gLir ds cqtZ ij%& nkSyreUn&eafnj dq,a vkSj /je vFkZ edkukr cuok,A ijkbZ jlwekr

dk ilUnhnk&ljnkj iQkSt&usd 'kkSgjrA vxj flrkjk rtZuh maxyh dh tM+ esa gksA rks vkf'kd

I+kQkfl[+k (iDdk vkf'kd) gksA ;kuh cgqr cM+k c`gLir 'kqDdj dk vlj nsrk gSA fiQj flrkjk lwjt

us vkSj Hkh cqyUn fd;k&rks 'kqDdj dh rkO+kQr b'O+kQ iDdk b'O+kQ gqvkA c`gLir vkSj lwjt ckge

nksLr gSaA vkSj mÙke iQy okys gSaA blfy, xUnk b'O+kQ u gksxkA

2 c[k jkf'k cSy& ?kj dk ekfyd 'kqDdj cSy tks lwjt dk nq'eu gSA vlj esa c`gLir dk cqtZ

lwjt dk nksLr gSA panz Å¡p djrk gSA tks lwjt dk nksLr cfYd lwjt ls gh jks'kuh ysrk gSA

c`gLir ds ?kj dks lwjt Å¡p djs & rks nksuksa ds eqdkcys esa bl jkf'k dks uhp dksbZ ugha dj

ldrkA lwjt dk jFk 'kqDdj ds cSy dks ges'kk vius vkjke esa yxk;s j[ksxkA ;k cSy ges'kk uhph

xnZu fd, jgsxkA blfy, pkSik;k dk lq[k gksxkA tc dHkh lwjt e¼e gqvk ;k lwjt js[kk

c`gLir ij xbZ gqbZ e¼e gqbZ ;k lwjt dk flrkjk rtZuh maxqyh dh tM+ esa feFkqu jkf'k ftls

jkgq Å¡p dj jgk okO+kQ; gksA rks vkf'kO+kQ I+kQkl[+k 'kqDdj dk vkSj jkgq dk iwjk cqjk vlj gksxk

vkSj 17 lky uqO+kQlku gksxkA

3 eaxy ds cqtksZ ij& nksuksa xzg nksuksa nksLr gSaA lwjt ds cX+kSj eaxy dks eaxy cn dgk gSA nksuksa

viuk&viuk vkSj eaxy usd ij mÙke& eaxy cn ij cn gksxkA exj lwjt dk mÙke izcy gksxkA

lwjt ds flrkjk dk vlj& eaxy usd ij&cgqr mÙke gksxkA eaxy cn ij&tax tw&csjge&cnpyuA

vxj flrkjk gFksyh dh vUnj dh rjI+kQ dks gks rks taxks tny esa gh ekjk tkosA

3 feFkqu jkf'k& enZ vkSjr dk tksM+kA ?kj dk ekfyd cq/ gSA tks lwjt ds oD+r fcYdqy

pqi&pki gksxkA jkgq tks lwjt dk nq'eu gS& [+kqn bls Åap djrk gSA dsrq tks lwjt dks e¼e

djrk gS exj jkgq dk nksLr gSA bls uhp djrk gSA ftldk rkYyqO+kQ ekewa ij gksxkA blfy, [+kqn

fj;kT+kh o bYes& T;ksfr"k (jkgq fnekX+kh gjO+kQr cq/ dk lkFk) tkuus okyk gksA lwjt ds cX+kSj

eaxy dks eaxy cn fxurs gSaA tks cqjk iQy nsxkA

4 panz ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa xzg ckge nksLr gSaA lwjt mÙke izcy gksxkA panz dk Hkh mÙke gksxkA

T+;knk T+kkfgj lwjt dk gksxkA jktnjckj ls erZckA vxj panz ds cqtZ ds mQij ds fgLls esa gks&

rks tknw dk ekstc gksosA vkSj I+kQk;nk fcL;kj gksA T+;knk gksA

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4 ddZ jkf'k&dsdM+k& ?kj dk ekfyd& panz tks lwjt dk nksLr cfYd fHk[kkjh gSa& eaxy uhp

djrk gSA tks lwjt dk nksLr gSa& c`gLir Å¡p djrk gSA tks lwjt dk nksLr gSA ;kuh lcds lc

nksLrA blfy, panz ls lwjt dk #[+k j[kus okyh reke js[kk leUnj dh lhi esa eksrh iSnk djsaxhA

ysfdu vxj eaxy&cn esa fudysxh& rks 15 lky gh rax nLr jgsxkA

flag jkf'k& 'ksj uj&lwjt dk viuk ?kj vkSj c`gLir ds vlj dk [+kkuk ftls dksbZ Å¡p&uhp

ugha dj ldrkA blfy, nks cyoku lcls mÙke iQy nsaxsA tks ckge nksLr gSaA ijksidkjh&jktnjckj

ls usd rkYyqO+kQ gksxkA vxj lwjt js[kk luhpj dh rjI+kQ okO+kQ; gks rks 9 lky [+kksiQ vks [knlk

iSnk gksrk jgsxkA (luhpj nq'eu) igyh gkyr esa cq<+kik menk vkSykn dk lq[k iwjk gksxkA

6 lwjt dk vlj&dU;k jkf'k& yM+dh& ?kj dk ekfyd cq/ gSA tks lwjt ds oD+r pqi gksrk gSA

vkSj ftl esa dsrq dk fuokl gSA tks lwjt dks e¼e djrk gSA jkgq (lwjt dks lwjt xzg.k) vkSj

cq/ (lwjt) ds oD+r pqi) Å¡p djrs gSaA 'kqDdj vkSj dsrq lwjt ds nq'eu uhp djrs gSaA nq'eu

xzg jkgq [+kqn bl ?kj dh enn ij gSA blfy, lwjt dk iQy [+kjkc gksxkA jkgq dsrq dk Hkh nksLr

gSA blfy, jkt njckj ls I+kQk;nk u gksxkA exj ,slk cqjk ughaA 'kqDdj [+kqn lwjt ls uhp gks tkrk

gSA blfy, flI+kQZ 3 lky [+kwc ,s'k djsxkA etewvk reke dksbZ ,slk cqjk vlj u gksxkA exj ekewa

dh rjI+kQ [+kjkc L=kh dks lq[k gYdk gksxkA

7 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ij& lwjt 'kqDdj dks uhp djrk gSA exj [+kqn mls (lwjt dks) 'kqDdj uhp

ugha djrkA 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ij mez js[kk ds fdukjk tks c`gLir ;k c`gLir dh tM+ ls fudyh

gks cgqr usd gSA eq'khj ckrnchj gksA vkSj vxj vaxwBs dh tM+ esa gks& rks vkSjr dk lq[k gYdk

gksosA vkSj ijkbZ eerk ;k eqlhcr xys yxh jgsA yktoarh dk ikS/k (Touch me not) gkFkdh maxyh rtZuh dh igyh iksjh (es[k&lwjt mÙke) ds yxrs gh eqj>k tk,xk ;kuh yktoarh dh

7 dh rjg viuh bT+T+kr [+kqn cpkus okyh vkSjr lq[k ysxhA nwljh dks lq[k u gksxkA

rqyk jkf'k& rjkT+kw ds nks iYkM+ksa esa 'kqDdj o cq/ ftu ls cq/ rks pqi vkSj 'kqDdj lwjt ls [+kqn

uhp gks tkrk gS luhpj Å¡p djrk gSA tks lwjt dk nq'eu gSA lwjt [+kqn bls uhp djrk gSA

blfy, vkSjr dks 25 lky gh ;k vkSjr dk 25 lky gh lq[k gYdk gksxkA exj vius fy,

bdcky eUn gksA

7 lwjt ds flrkjk dk vlj& cq/ ds cqtZ ij nksuksa eqlkoh xzg gSaA exj cq/ viuh rkO+kQr lwjt

dks gh ns nsrk gSA vkSj vius oD+r ds fuLI+kQ rd fcYdqy pqi jgrk gSA nksuksa dk viuk&viuk

vkSj mÙke iQy gksxkA nkSyr T+;knk gksxhA exj vD+y pqi jgsxhA vkSj de ekywe gksxhA vxj

flrkjk dfu"dk dh tM+ esa gks& rks yksxksa esa cs ,srckjh vkSj gO+kQhjrkbZ iSnk djok nsxkA D;ksafd

flrkjk dh jks'kuh ls dfu"dk dh tM+ ij dh /u jkf'k tks c`gLir dk ?kj gSA vkSj cq/ dh

nq'eu gSA ped nsus yx tk,xhA

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cq/ dk cqtZ& lwjt ds T+kksj ls cq/ ;k vD+y fcYdqy gh pqi gksxhA ;kuh nkSyr rks T+k:j gksxhA

exj vD+y de& ;kuh L=kh /u T+;knk gksxkA vkSjr vehj [kkunku (lwjt ls cq/ dks js[kk) ls

gksxh vxj flrkjk dk fu'kku dfu"dk dh tM+ esa gksxk& rks /u jkf'k c`gLir vkSj cq/ nq'eu

gksaxsA yksxksa essa cs,srckjhA vxj js[kk gksos rks vkSykn cjcknA

8 lwjt dk vlj& c`PNd jkf'k&fcPNw&jkf'k ds ?kj dk ekfyd eaxy gSA tks lwjt dk

nksLr gSA vkSj lwjt ds cX+kSj eaxy cn gSA panz uhp djrk gS tks lwjt dk nksLr gSA ;g jkf'k vlj

ds fy, njvly luhpj dk eqO+kQke gSA tks lwjt dk nq'eu gSA blfy, >xM+s dh tM+ gksxkA

oSls Hkh ;g [+kkuk luhpj o eaxy cn dk gh eq'rjdk gSA blfy, eqdnek tger T+;knk >xM+saa ls

ekSr gksosA exj lwjt ([+kqn viuk ftLe) ekjx LFkku dk u gksxkA vc lwjt ls ;g [+kkuk eaxy

cn u gksxkA eaxy usd dk vlj nsxkA

/u jkf'k &uhy xk;& ?kj dk ekfyd c`gLir tks lwjt dk nksLr gSA dsrq Å¡p djrk gSA ftlus

lwjt dks e¼e djuk FkkA jkgq uhp djrk gSA tks lwjt xzg.k djrk gSA ;kuh [+kpkZ dchynkjh

esa cgqr gksxk vkSj ljdkj ls rkYyqO+kQ u gksxkA exj gO+kQhe gksxkA vkSj jksidkjh& xks jkgq ds oD+r

/je beku dk dPpk gksxkA

10 luhpj ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa xzg ckge nq'eu gSaA nksuksa dk viuk&viuk exj luhpj dk cqjk

iQy gksxkA nkSyreUn rks T+;knk gksxk exj cnukeh esa e'kgwj gksxkA vius dke [+kqn gh fcxkM+rk

fI+kQjsxkA vkSj vxj nks flrkjs gksa rks ukgO+kQ rksger ls luhpj uhp (nks flrkjk ds eqdkcys ij)

dh otg ls ekjk tk,xkA

dq.Myh esa lwjt dk vlj& edj jkf'k&exjePNA luhpj ekfyd vkSj luhpj dk gh cqtZ tks

lwjt dk nq'eu gSA eaxy bldks Å¡p djrk gSa tks lwjt dk nksLr gSA c`gLir bls uhp djrk gSA

og Hkh lwjt dk nksLr gSA c`gLir tks uhp djus okyk gS& luhpj dk Hkh nksLr gSA blfy, lwjt

vkSj luhpj dk >xM+k T+kcjnLr gqokA eaxy luhpj dk nq'eu gSA exj luhpj eaxy ls nq'euh

ugha djrk cfYd nksLr gSA blfy, Å¡p dkSu djsxkA blfy, de nkSyr vkSj 19 lky okfyn

dk lq[k gYdk vkSj okfyn ls tqnkbZ gksxhA

dqaHk jkf'k& ikuh dk ?kM+kA ?kj dk ekfyd luhpj gSA tks lwjt dk nq'eu gSA vlj ds fy,

c`gLir dk eqO+kQke gS tks lwjt dk nksLr gSA vc luhpj lwjt vkSj c`gLir rhuksa bdVBs gks x,A

/u nkSyr rks [+kwc vkos& exj luhpj ds vlj ls >wB dk iqryk gksosA

ehu jkf'k& eNyh&?kj dk ekfyd c`gLir gSA tks lwjt dk nksLr gSA bl esa jkgq dk Hkh fuokl

gSA tks lwjt xzg.k iSnk djsxkA cq/ (lwjt ds oD+r lwjt dk lkFk nsus okyk) vkSj jkgq (lwjt

xzg.k) bldks uhp djrs gSaA 'kqDdj vkSj dsrq (nksuksa gh lwjt ds nq'eu) Å¡p djrs gSaA blfy,

34

lwjt xzg.k gksxkA 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ds fgLls ls 'kq: gqoh&gqbZ lwjt dh rjD+O+kQh js[kk vxj lwjt

vkSj cq/ ds njfe;ku pyh tkosA rks /u nkSyr [+kwc vkos& vkSj frtkjr esa I+kQk;nk gksA exj nLrh

dekbZ esa lwjt xzg.k gksxkApanzek

1& lwjt vkleku ij uT+kj ls X+kk;c gqvk rks jkr vk;hA vkx cq>us vkSj lnhZ mHkjus yxhA ?kcjkgV

[+kRe vkSj 'kkafr vkus yxhA panz ped jgkgS fnu ds Fkds gkjs lksus yxsA jkr ds 'kq: esa jkgq

vkSjvkf[kj ij dsrq gSA jkr panz dk jkt gS& jkgq bls e¼e vkSj dsrq pk¡n xzg.k djrk gSA jkgq dk

vlj fnekX+k ij vkSj dsrq dk ikao ij cqjk vlj gksrk gSA dbZ rjg dh [+kjkfc;ka gksus yxh vkSj

pdok&pdoh panz ds Hkxr lkjh jkr gh dsrq ds cqjs vlj ls ,d nwljs dks <aw<rs&<aw<rs jkr [+kRe

dj cSBs vkSj ckge fey u ldsA vkSj luhpj dk lkai ftlls panz nq'euh djrk gSA dsrq ds vlj

vkSj pkan dh nq'euh ls vius dku gh xqe djok pqdk gSA vkSj cljh vkSj chuk dh vkokT+k ij

eLr gksdj viuh ekSr <aw<rk gSA exj pk¡n us bldh vka[kksa dks gh lquus dh rkO+kQr vrk djok

nh gSA blh rjg gh lkai ds [+kqn ejus vkSj lkai ds ekjs gq, dh mez pkj fnu rd 'kD+O+kQh gSA panz

us pdos&pdoh dk cht&uk'k u gksus fn;kA vkSj vkt rd pdoh vius uj ds feys cxS+j gh

pkan ds fnuksa esa v.Ms nsrh pyh vkrh gSA ;kuh panz Å¡p okyksa dh [+kkunkuh uL+y dHkh cUn ugha

gksrhA ftl rjg ;s lwjt ls jks'kuhysrk gS mlh rjg gh ;g panz js[kk okyksa dks tk;nkn T+knnh cD'k

nsrk gS A2& panz dk flI+kQZ dsrq nq'eu gSA vxj nq'euh djrk gS rks panz [+kqn gh djrk gSA flj dh

Js’ js[kk panz ds cqjs vlj ls pkrh gSA panzek ds cqtZ dk vlj

dq.Myh esa [+kkuk uEcj 4

1& nqfu;k dk 'kgT+kknk& fny&ikuh&X+kSch enn& ekrk (okynk) vkSykn dk lq[k

T+kehu ts+js dk'r&tk;nkn tn~nhA vke leUnj ikj T+k:jh ;k X+kSj T+k:jh lI+kQjA jktnjckj vkSj

voke esa bT+T+krA dje /je o fny dh ijgsT+kxkjhA ?kksM+s oX+kSjg dh lokjh dk lq[kA 'kkafr vkSj

jkr dk vkjkeA Å¡p panzek c`gLir dk [+kkuk uEcj 2 cu tk;k djrk gSA

uhp gkyr

2& dje /je ls ykijokgA cnc[+r&eqlhcr ij eqlhcrA eUntkZ ckyk lc [+kjkcA yM+fd;ka

T+;knkA taxy igkM+ dh xfnZ'kA de&de&jksc gksosA c`gLir us rks xq: dh rjg lc ls crkSj iwtuk

y{eh dh lsok djokbZ lwjt us [+kqn gkFk ls dek;kA vkSj cki dk lkFk fy;kA panzek us ekrk dh

'kj.k yhA vkSj tk;nkn tn~nh c[+'khA c`gLir us gok lkal lksuk fn;kA lwjt us xehZ X+kqLlk vkSj

rst c[+'kkA ysfdu panzek us ikuh pkanh vkSj 'kkafr nhA

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3& panz ddZ dk ekfyd exj c`[k dk Å¡p gSA blfy, mez 85 ddZ& 96 c`[k gksxhA

4& panz ds flrkjk ls panz dk [+kkuk uEcj 2 gksxk tks viuk Å¡p vkSj c`gLir dk [+kkuk uEcj

2 mÙke gksxkA'kqDdj

1& gok ls vkx gqbZA vkx ls ikuhA ikuh ls feV~Vh cuhA ;k cPpk T+kekuk dh gok ls xehZ

lnhZ vkSj vkjke eglwl djus yxkA 'kqDdj dk oD+r ,s'kks b'kjr vkSj x`gLr dk T+kekuk

gSA bls cSy&L=kh&feV~Vh ekuk gSA ftlds iwjs gkykr vkSj gj rjg ds jax eqfEdu gSaA ;s

c`gLir dk nq'eu gSA vkSj panz vkSj lwjt bl ij nq'euh j[krs gSaA uhp 'kqDdj ls c`gLir

lkal lwjt ftLe vkSj panz fny cqjk vlj nsaxsA feV~Vh ls balku cuk vkSj vkx ls nsork

blfy, lwjt ls nksLrh u gks ldhA panz vkSj c`gLir us cqjk vlj fd;kA 'kqDdj tc rd

luhpj ds dkeksa ls nwj gSA usd gSA nqfu;koh b'O+kQ ds vykok b'O+kQ gO+kQhdh Hkh bldk

vlj gksrk gSA ml dks ngh felky nh gSA ftlls ?kh Hkh cu tkrk gSA 'kqDdj ls dqaHk dh

iSnkb'k ij vlj Hkh eqjkn gSA

2& 'kqDdj dk vly Å¡piu dk vktT+kh gSA xqLlk uhp gkyr dh fu'kkuh gSA

'kqDdj ds cqtZ dk vlj [k+kuk uEcj 7

1& 'kqDdj ds cqTkZ dk nqfu;k ls dksbZ rkYyqO+kQ ughaA cgqr cM+k c`gLir 'kqDdj dk dke

nsxkA exj c`gLir cM+k 'kqDdj (vaxwBs dh tM+ tks 'kqDdj ds uke iSoLrk gSA vxj eaxy usd

dh rjiQ ls Hkh cgqr eksVh gks tkosA ;kuh eaxy usd dk eqO+kQke tqnk ekywe u gksrk tkos ;k

eaxy usd dk fgLlk cgqr gh NksVk lk jg x;k gksos rks 'kqDdj cgqr cM+k fxuk tk,xkA)

vkSykn ls eg:e j[ksxkA uje gkFk dk c`gLir Hkh 'kqDdj gksrk gSA fny js[kk ds nq#Lr gksrs

gq, 'kqDdj dk cqjk vlj u gksxkA 'kqDdj dk cqtZ uhp gks rks vD+y [k+jkc gksxhA 'kqDdj uhp

rq[e dgykrk gSA

2& 'kqDdj Å¡p gkyr& esa [kkunku dh ijofj'k djus okyk vkSjr dk lq[k vkSj vkSjr

erhgA vkSjrksa ds T+kfj;s dke dk usd urhtkA xjhcksa ls I+kQk;nk vkSj vkjkeA jkx jax&'kk;jh&cgLir

dk iQy exj vkSykn ls eg:e&usdh ds dke esa vkxs gksA xk, cSy dk lq[k gksA

3& uhp gkyr& xjhcksa dks enn nsos vkSj mudks :i;s iSls f[kykosA v+Dy ds f[+kykiQ

cgqr ls dke djsA vius ?kj edku dk iQk;nk T+;knkA L=kh&ijkbZ L=kh ;k L=kh lq[k ls

eg:e&vkf[+kj mez esa vkjke gksA yM+fd;ka T+;knk gksaA vkSj vxj flI+kQZ ,d gh yM+dh gksos

rks 12 lky rd vkSykn dk lq[k [+kjkc djsA

4& fny js[kk nqjLr gks&rks 'kqDdj dk uhp iQy u gksxkA

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5 Å¡p 'kqDdj [+kkuk uEcj 12 dk gksrk gSA c`[k 2 o rqyk 7 ds ?kj dk ekfyd gSA

blfy, mez 85 lky rqyk 96 lky c`[k gksxhA

'kqDdj ds fu'kku dk vlj

1 lwjt ds cqtZ ij& ;s nksuksa xzg ,d nwljs ds nq'eu gSaA lwjt izcy gSA vkSj 'kqDdj dks uhp

djrk gS ;k ekrgo gSA 'kqDdj dk iQy [+kjkc vkSj lwjt dk [k+qn viuk mÙkeA 'kqDdj vkf'kO+kQkuk

lwjt lwfI+kQ;kuk iQy dk ekfyd gSA b'+d dks /je dk ijgsT+k ugha gSA blds vlj esa balku èkje

ghu rks T+k:j gksxk exj vkSjr HkkbZcUn lc blls I+kQk;nk mBk,axsA og [kq+n mu ls dksbZ

,slk I+kQk;nk u mBk,xkA

1 dq.Myh esa 'kqDdj dk vlj& es[k jkf'k&?kj dk ekfyd eaxy gStks 'kqDdj ds cjkcj dk

gSA lwjt Å¡p djrk gS tks 'kqDdj dk nq'eu gSA luhpj uhp djrk gS tks 'kqDdj dk nksLr gSA

iQy ds fy, lwjt gS tks [kq+n dHkh uhp ugha gksrkA blfy, vkSjr dks rks lq[k u gksxk exj vkSjr

dk lq[k gksA 7 lky ;+dhuh lq[k gksA lokjh pkSik;k xk, cSy dk vkjke gksA

2 c`gLir ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa ckge nq'euA c`gLir dh cS:uh gkyr lwfI+kQ;kuk vUn:uh

vkf'kO+kQkukA ;kuh ckgj dh gok lkI+kQ vUn:uh cUn gok xUnh gqvk djrh gSA lkal dh rjg ckgj

dh gok vUnj vkSj vUnj dh ckgj vk tk;k djrh gSA c`gLir nq'euh ugha djrkA reke

vkjke&vkSjr dk lq[k [+kq'kh dh fT+kUnxh 60 lky nkSyr&exj vkSjr T+kkr ek'kwdk ;k csok rckg

djsaA

2 c`[k jkf'k&?kj dk ekfyd 'kqDdj tks [+kqn pUnz Å¡p djrk gS tks 'kqDdj ds cjkcj dk gS vkSj

'kqDdj ls nq'euh djrk gSA uhp dksbZ ugha djrkA vlj ds fy, c`gLir dk cqtZ gS tks c`gLir

ds cjkcj dk gSA vkSj 'kqDdj bl dk nq'eu gSA blfy, vxj vdsyk 'kqDdj gks rks 60 lky

T+kjkseky dk lq[k&nq'eu e[kywc vkSj vxj panz oxS+jg ls (fny js[kk) eq'rjdk gks rks 'kqDdj dk

[+kjkc iQy b+'d o eqgCcr dk X+kyckA

3& 'kqDdj ds fu'kku dk vlj & eaxy ds cqtZ ij & eaxy vkSj 'kqDdj ckge eqlkoh gSaA nksuksa

dk viuk&viuk iQy gksxkA eaxy usd ls usd iQy vkSj cn ls cn gksxkA eaxy cn Hkh /je

ds f[kykiQ gSA vkSj b'O+kQ ;k 'kqDdj dks Hkh /je dje dh ijokg ughaA eaxy uj gSA 'kqDdj

L=kh xzgA blfy, cqjk iq#"k vkSj eUnh T+kukuh [kwc eqckjd vkSj ckge [kq'k gksaxsA fgj.k dk pkjk

cSy [kk tk,A >xM+s vkSj cqjs dkeksa esa I+kQk;nk mBkosA vius edku dk I+kQk;nk u gksA cqjs enks± vkSj

cqjh vkSjrksa ls enn jgsA exj raxnLr jgsA

37

3&dq.Myh esa 'kqDdj dk vlj&feFkqu jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd cq/ gS tks 'kqDdj dk nksLr gSA

Å¡p jkgq djrk gS tks 'kqDdj dk rks nq'eu gS exj cq/ dk tks ?kj dk ekfyd gS nksLr gSA vlj

ds fy, eaxy gS tks 'kqDdj ds cjkcj dk gSA dsrq uhp djrk gS tks 'kqDdj dk nksLr gSA 'kqDdj

dk usd iQy gqujeUn (cq/ ls) vkSj 20 lky rhFkZ ;k=kk ('kqDdj dsrq)A

4&panz ds cqtZ ij & panz 'kqDdj ckge eqlkohA exj panz nq'euh djsxkA 'kqDdj vkSjr vkSj panz

ekrkA uwag lkl dk >xM+kA Hkh gksrk gS vkSj nksuksa cjkcj HkhA exj lkl gh nq'euh djsxhA

[+kkunku dh ijofj'k djus okykA yM+fd;ka (dsrq) eka viuh ;k enZ dh vkSjr dh ennxkj nknh

dh nq'euA yM+ds nksuksa eka cki ds fy, eqckjdA xT+kZ fd 'kqDdj dk vlj vkSjr ds fy, eqckjdA

enZ [+kkunku ds fy, X+kSj eqckjd gksxkA cfygkT+k vkenuA

4 ddZ jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd panzek gS tks 'kqDdj ls nq'euh djrk gSA c`gLir Å¡p djrk gS

ftlls 'kqDdj [+kqn nq'euh djrk gSA eaxy uhp djrk gS tks 'kqDdj ds cjkcj dk gSA blfy, vkSjr

nks gksaA 4 cjl [+kwc vkjkeA ckX+k cX+khps [kwc yxkosA tc c`gLir dk vlj gks tks fdlh ls nqq'euh

ugha djrkA vkSj 'kqDdj Hkh panz ls nq'euh ugha djrkA

5 flag jkf'k& lwjt dk ?kj gSA tks 'kqDdj dks ekrgr djrk gSA mQap uhp unkjnA 5 lky eky

nkSyr vkosA ojuk T+kkuh vÕ;k'k 'kqDdj ds iarx dk vlj gksosA ds dke cgqr yxsA

cq/ ds cqtZ ij& ckge nksLr&'kknh&L=kh&vkSykn dk lq[k& usd rch;r& nkSyr eUn&

'kqDdj cq/ bdV~Bs gksa rks T+kkuh vÕ;k'k

7 ?kj dk ekfyd [+kqn 'kqDdj gSA luhpj tks nksLr gSA Å¡p djrk gSA uhp djus okyk lwjt gSA

tks bldk ('kqDdj dk) nq'eu gSA ;s cq/ dk Hkh ?kj gS tks 'kqDdj dk nksLr gSA exj lwjt ds

vlj esa cq/ pqi jgrk gSA blfy, 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ij 'kqDdj js[kk ls dekbZ nwljs [kk tkus okys

gksaA vkSj dkjksckj esa luhpj dh gkyr djsaA exj cq/ ds eqO+kQke ij 'kknh js[kk mÙkeA 37 lky

vkSjr dk vkjkeA 'kk;j&[+kwc vkjke dh fT+kUnxh okyk gks vT+k rjiQ vkSjrA xks vkSjr dks bruk

vkjke u gksA

8 dq.Myh esa 'kqDdj dk vlj& c`PNd&?kj dk ekfyd eaxy gSA tks 'kqDdj dk eqlkoh gSA

panz uhp djrk gSA tks 'kqDdj dk nq'eu gSA xks 'kqDdj bl ls nq'euh ugha djrkA Å¡p djus okyk

unkjnA blfy, eaxy usd ij rks eqckjdA eaxy cn dk vlj (tc 'kqDdj eaxy cn ij gks) cn

fdjnkjA T+kukdkjA 'kqDdj dks vxj FkksM+h lh Hkh cqjkbZ ds fy, enn feys I+kQkSju b'O+kQ o eqgCcr

cqyUn gksrk gSA

9 /u jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd vkSj jkf'k ds fy, c`gLir tks 'kqDdj l nq'euh ugha djrkA [+kqn

'kqDdj mlls nq'euh djrk gS dsrq Å¡p djrk gS tks 'kqDdj dk nksLr gSA jkgq uhp djrk gSA tks

'kqDdj dk nq'eu gSA ftl dk vlj L=kh lq[k nkSyr o [+kpZ ij gksxkA ,slk vkneh vD+yeUn oT+khj

38

ds ekfuUnA exj nkSyr flI+kQZ 2 lky ikosA 10 luhpj ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa nksLrA luhpj 'kjkch

gksrk gSA vkSjr vkf'kd gSA nksuksa dk [+kwc esy feykiA luhpj dh enn ls lsgr chekjh dk

cpkoA luhpj dh tokuh esa vkSjr b'd dk ?kjA cq<+kis esa nksuksa xzg ijgsT+kxkjAvkSj nqfu;k dk

vkjkeA cw<+s gksdj nksuksa vDy nsosa vkSj vkjke nsaA cw<+h daT+kjh ulhgr djus ij gks tkrh gS vkSj

nkbZ cu tkrh gSA

10 dq.Myh esa 'kqDdj dk vlj&edj jkf'k&?kj dk ekfyd luhpj gSA tks 'kqDdj dk nksLr gSA

eaxy Å¡p djrk gSA tks 'kqDdj ds cjkcj dk gSA c`gLir uhp djrk gSA tks 'kqDdj dk rks nq'eu

ughaA exj [+kqn 'kqDdj bl ls nq'euh djrk gSA blfy, 12 lky [+kwc nkSyr vkosA ojuk rUgkbZ

ilUn (luhpj gks)A dh /kj ;k ikuh dh ygj vkbZ rks nc x;kA [+kjkc gqvkA lwjt dh xehZ ls

rckg gqvkA c`gLir dh gok ds lkFk njcnj gqvkA vkSj b'O+kQ esa nwljksa

ds njokT+ks idM+sA jkgq us tqafc'k esa MkykA panz us cgq ('kqDdj vkSjr

panz ekrk) csVh ekrk rckg fd;sA eaxy us HkkbZ;ksa dk rkYyqO+kQ [+kjkc fd;k vkf[+kj cq/

us enZ dh 'kknh js[kk dks laHkkyk vkSj viuk xksy nk;jk nsdj T+kehu

dks xksy fd;kA

'kqDdj

'kqDdj dh feV~Vh us panz ds nfj;k leUnj dks vius mQij uhps txg nh feV~Vh ls balku cukA

vkSj vkf[+kj feV~Vh esa gh ty dj ;k nck;k tk dj [+kRe gqvkA ftLe esa fdlh Hkh [+kqjkd ds gT+ke

djus dh rkO+kQr u jghA rks 'kqDdj ds ngh us gh tku cpk;hA ngh esa ?kh vkSjr ls vkSykn vkSj

feV~Vh ls [+ksrh lc bl us nhA eryc ;s fd 'kqDdj tc dHkh Hkh [+kkuk uEcj 6 esa [+kqn uhp gqvkA

blus eaxy cn dk vlj u fn;kA 'kqDdj xqe ls xks vD+y xqe gqbZA vkSj cq/ us lkFk NksM+k L=kh

T+kkr dks dqN rO+kQyhiQ gqbZA exj /u nkSyr xqe u gqvkA vxj 'kqDdj uhp ls vD+y xqe gqbZ rks

ulhc us gkj ugha nhA gkyr ;s gqbZ fd **yYyw djs dqofYy;ka & jc flf/;ka ikosA** ;kuh jksT+kh

vD+y ds fglkc ls gksrh rks uknku ;k csodwI+kQ ls rax jksT+kh okyk vkSj dksbZ u gksrkA ;kuh fd 'kqDdj

dk uhp gks tkuk vius fy, eUn ugha gksrkA blfy, bl xzg dk nqfu;k ls rkYyqO+kQ gksuk ;k u

gksuk dksbZ [+kkl I+kQO+kZQ ugha nsrkA nqfu;k dk vkf'kO+kQ u gksxkA rks nqfu;k dk R;kxh T+k:j gksxkA blfy,

ugha fd oSjkx ls exj blfy, fd blesa vD+y ughaA

39

eaxy ds cqtZ dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 3(2) uT+kj chukbZ& is'kk taxh o taxh rkO+kQrA gjne lq[kZ >.Mk tYykn csjge ljnkj ckjs ,sc&

nkSyreUn exj vkSykn deA vkSjr dk lq[k gYdkA (eaxyhd vkSjr ejsA vkSykn dk lq[k u gks)

eqrvfYydk nqfu;k nq'euksa dk rkYyqO+kQ fcygkT+k taxks vks tny&taxh rnchj dk eqrln~nhA

nkSyreUn exj eky gjke dk ,d T+kjkZ Hkh u lkFk feykosA fcYdqy luhpj ds f[+kykiQ nq'eu

cs'kd T+;knk exj ts+j gksaA llqjky o rk;s pps dk rkYyqd Hkh blh cqtZ

ls T+kkfgj gksrk gSA

eaxy cn [+kkuk uEcj 8bl cqtZ dh gncUnh& fny js[kk 'kqeky esaA lwjt dh rjD+O+kQh ;k lsgr js[kk e'kfjd esa vkSj

rg ij panz dk cqtZ bl cqtZ ls rk;s pps dk [+kkunku vius dchys ds nwljs HkkbZcUnksa dk

rkYyqO+kQ gksxkA tc 'kqDdj ds [+kr bl cqtZ ij gksa rks rk;s pps o nwljs enZ eqjkn gksaxsA vkSj gj

rjg ls ennxkj gksxsaA vxj ;g 'kqDdj js[kk flj ij nks 'kk[+kh gks rks vkSjrks ls eqjkn

gksxhA vc vkSjr T+kkr uqO+kQlku dk lcc gks ldrh gSA vxj 'kD+y gksos rks cn eaxy

dk iwjk vlj cjcknh dk gksxkA vkSjr rkbZ pph [+kqn cjckn vkSj cjcknh dk lcc ,sls gkFk okys

ds fy, Hkh gksxhA bl cqtZ ij vkSykn dk Hkh rkYyqO+kQ gSA I+kQO+kZQ ;s gksxk fd gFksyh ds fdukjs

ij gFksyh ls ckgj dh rjiQ ds [+kr ;kuh og [+kr tks gkFk dks I+kQSyk dj (gFksyh mQij vkleku

dh rjiQ) T+kehu ij j[kus ds oD+r gFksyh ls fcYdqy ckgj gh ekywe gksaA og vkSykn rkYyqO+kQ

crk,axsA vkSj tks vUnj gFksyh esa ekywe gksa og rk;s pps gksaxsA eaxy cn dks eaxyhd ml oD+r

dgsaxs tc eaxy dq.Myh ds [+kkuk uEcj 4 o 8 esa gksA ,slk eaxy vkSjr T+;knk u jgus nsxkA

exj vkSjr dh ctk, ekrk ij dksbZ cqjk vlj u nsxkA

eaxy usd ds fu'kku dk vlj

1 lwjt ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa xzg ckge nksLr vkSj eaxy usd rks gS gh lwjt dk lkFk gksrs gq,A

oT+khj ck rnchj nq'eu xks T+;knk gksa exj O+kqQnjrh rkSj ij gh nq'euksa ls iwjk cpko gks vkSj ts+j

gksaosA ydM+h ds C;ksikj esa Hkh uI+kQk jgsA nksuksa xzgksa dk viuk&viuk vkSj mÙke iQy gksxkA vkSlr

vkenu 7μ1@2 :i,A vlkZ eqykT+ker 28 lkyA

dq.Myh esa eaxy dk vlj& es[k jkf'k&eaxy dk viuk ?kj gS lwjt Å¡p djrk gS tks eaxy

dk nksLr gSA luhpj uhp djrk gS tks eaxy ds cjkcj dk gSA vlj ds fy, lwjt dk ?kj gSA

tks bldk nksLr gSA jktnjckj ls I+kQk;nk ojuk 6 lky ftLekuh rO+kQyhiQ (luhpj) ;k eaxy

cn dk rkYyqO+kQ gksxkA

40

2 c`gLir ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa nksLr gSaA nkSyr dh iwjh izkfIr vkSj nkSyr tekA [+kkunku dk ljnkj

gksosA nksuksa dk eq'rjdk iQy vkSj mÙke gksxkA

2 c`[k jkf'k& 'kqDdj dk ?kj gSA tks eaxy ds eqlkoh gSA pan Å¡p djrk gSA tks eaxy ds eqlkoh

gSA c`gLir dk ?kj vlj ds fy, gSA tks bl dk nksLr gS uhp djus okyk dksbZ xzg ugha gSA

[+kkunku dk ljnkj vkSj nkSyr dh iwjh izkfIr ;k feyuk& gj rjg ls vkjke gksA vxj eaxy cn

dk rkYyqO+kQ gks rks de ulhc 9 o"kZ chekjh dk Mj jgsA vkSj cqjk gh vlj gksosA vkSj mu ls

uI+kQk gksA vke eqrvfYydk nqfu;k ls enn&eaxy cn ij gksA rks taxh rnkchj esa ekfgj vkSj

vD+yeUn gksosA

3 dq.Myh esa eaxy dk vlj& feFkqu jkf'k&cq/ dk ?kj gSA tks eaxy ds eqlkoh gSA vxj cn

eaxy gks rks cq/ nq'euh djrk gSA jkgq Å¡p djrk gSA tks eaxy ds oD+r pqi jg tkrk gSA dsrq

uhp djrk gS tks eaxy cn dk nq'eu gSA taxh rnchjksa esa gksf'k;kjA llqjky vehj vkSj mudk lq[k

gksA vxj eaxy cn gksA rks vke nqfu;k dh nq'euhA flj ij vkSykn dk lq[k de gksA lI+kQj xys yxk

jgsA vkSj 15 lky ftLekuh rO+kQyhiQ gksA

4 panz ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa cjkcjA nksuksa dk mÙkeA panz dk usd izcy gksosA

4 ddZ jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd panz gS tks eaxy dk nksLr gSA c`gLir Å¡p djrk gS tks eaxy

dk iwjk nksLr gSA eaxy [kqn gh bl ?kj dks uhp djrk gSA eaxy usd ls usd vlj cn ls cn

c[+r 2 lky rO+kQyhiQ gksosA

5 dq.Myh esa eaxy dk vlj& flag jkf'k&?kj dk ekfyd lwjt gSA tks eaxy dk vlyh nksLr

gSA bl jkf'k dks dksbZ Å¡p uhp ugha dj ldrkA vkSjr o vkSykn dk vkjke gksosA vxj eaxy

cn dk rkYyqO+kQ gksA rks vkx dk [+kkSiQ o [+krjk uT+kj ds [+kjkc gksus dk Mj gSA

6 dU;k jkf'k& ?kj ds ekfyd cq/ dsrq tks nksuksa gh eaxy cn ds nq'eu gSaA cq/ (nq'eu) jkgq

(pqi jgus okyk) Å¡p djrs gSaA dsrq tks nq'eu gSA Å¡p djrk gSA eaxy usd ls ges'kk gh

(HkkbZ mlds mlls gj gkyr esa deT+kksj gksaA vkSj vxj ekyh gkyr esa mEnk gksa rks vpkud cM+s

Hkkjh uqO+kQlku dk eqag ns[ksA) vkSj gj rjg dk vkjkeA jkxh gksxkA vkSjr o nksLrksa dk lq[k gksA

26 lky vkSykn gksrh jgsA eaxy cn ls [+kjkc vlj gksosA gj ckr esa >xM+k vkSj gkfu gksA

7 eaxy usd ds fu'kku dk vlj& 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ijA nksuksa cjkcj ds gSaA nksuksa dk vkSj mÙke

iQy gksxkA vkSjr dk lq[k iwjkA oT+khj ;k eqrln~nh gksosA jksrs dks glakus okyk gksA **bDdks vD[k

lqy[[kuh >qd&>qd dju lyke** nks vka[kksa okys ;kuh 'kqDdj dh vxj ,d vka[k Hkh gksxh rks

Hkh nks vka[kksa okys >qd&>qd dj lyke djsaxsA x`gLr dk vkjke gksxk [+okg vkSjr dkuh gh gksosA

blfy, dgk gS fd vkSjr vka[k ls cs'kd dkuh gksos exj jax ls dkuh u gksosA

41

7 cq/ ds cqtZ ij& eaxy vkSj cq/ cjkcj gSaA exj cq/ nq'euh djrk gSA blfy, eaxy dh nkSyr

dks cq/ [+kqn gh [+kjkc djsxkA exj bYes fglkc tkuus okyk gksxkA

7 dq.Myh esa eaxy dk vlj& rqyk jkf'k&?kj dk ekfyd 'kqDdj gSA tks eaxy ds eqlkoh gSA

luhpj Hkh eqlkoh gSA tks Å¡p djrk gSA lwjt uhp djrk gS tks mldk nksLr gSA cq/ o 'kqDdj

dk vlj dk ?kj gSA blfy, vkSjr ls /ksdkA 17 lky vkx dk [+kkSiQ jgsA u vD+y enn nsos

u L=kh ennxkj gksA tcfd eaxy cn dk rkYyqO+kQ gksosA vkSj vxj usd eaxy gks rks vkSjr dk

lq[k iwjkA cT+kfj;k (cq/ ls) jksrs dks galkus okykA NksVk oT+khj vkSj /ekZRek gksA

8 c`PNd jkf'k& eaxy cn dk viuk ?kj panz uhp djrk gSA tks bldk nksLr gSA Å¡p djus okyk

dksbZ xzg ugha gSA blfy, vxj eaxy cn gksA rks 22 lky ekSr dk MjA vkSj vxj usd gks rks

iQrgeUn lq[khA gj rjg ls x`gLr dk vkjke gksA

9 dq.Myh esa eaxy dk vlj& /u jkf'k&c`gLir dk ?kj gSA tks eaxy dk nksLr gSA dsrq Å¡p

djrk gS tks nq'eu gSA uhp djus okyk jkgq gS tks pqi jgrk gSA vxj eaxy usd gks rks usd

nkSyreUn vkSj vxj eaxy cn gks rks cnh dk iqryk gksxkA cn rq[+e dgyk,xkA

10 luhpj ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa ckge nq'eu gSaA exj cnh ds ljnkj gksaxsA blfy, nks nq'euksa dk

,d gh mlwy ds lcc mÙke iQy gks tkosxkA lc dks ywV [klksV dj cM+h Hkkjh tk;nkn dh

tk;nknksa okyk gksxkA vkSj lsgr mEnk gksxhA bl cqtZ ij eaxy cn Hkh tknw ea=k tkuus okyk

gksxkA

1edj jkf'k& luhpj ?kj dk ekfyd tks eaxy ds cjkcj dk gSA eaxy [+kqn gh Å¡p djrk gS vkSj

c`gLir uhp djrk gSA tks bldk nksLr gSA vxj eaxy usd gks rks nkSyreUn vxj eaxy cn gks rks

15 lky gh rO+kQyhiQ gksA

11 dqaHk jkf'k& luhpj dk ?kj gSA tks eaxy ds cjkcj dk gSA vlj ds fy, c`gLir dk eqO+kQke

gSA Å¡p&uhp unkjnA usd eaxy gks rks 24 lky nkSyr tekA vxj eaxy cn gks rks vkSykn ls jathnk

cs vkjke gksosA

12 dq.Myh esa eaxy dk vlj& ehu jkf'k & luhpj dk ?kj gS tks eaxy ds cjkcj dk gSA ?kj

dk ekfyd c`gLir (nksLr) jkgq (pqi jgus okyk) 'kqdz cjkcj dk vkSj dsrq mldk nq'eu Å¡p

djrs gSaA cq/ nq'euh vkSj jkgq (pqi jgus okyk) uhp djrs gSaA vxj eaxy usd gks rks iQy usdA

L=kh lq[k nkSyr tekA vkSj vxj eaxy cn gks rks csO+kdwI+kQh ds dkeksa esa nkSyr [+kpZ gks tkosA vkSj

5 lky uqO+kQlku dk Mj gksosA

42

cq/ ds cqtZ dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 7

uhp gkyr1& xksy nk;jk gj yEgk rch;r dh xksykbZ ij ?kweus okykA HkkbZ;ksa dk nq'eu

Å¡p gkyr2& eqU'kh NksVk oT+khj ;k vgys O+kQye& bYeks gquj o fnekX+kh dkeA nLrdkjh is'kk lkfgcs

rlkfuiQ&frtkjr&ykyph&gO+kQhe&T+kcku dh rkO+kQr& (igyh vkSykn yM+dh)A

3& jkf'k uEcj 3 & feFkqu ds ?kj dk vkSj uEcj 6 dU;k dk Å¡p gSA blfy,

mez 80 lky gksxhA

cq/ ds fu'kku dk vlj 1 lwjt ds cqtZ ij& [+kqn viuh rkO+kQr lwjt dks ns dj lwjt dh rkO+kQr c<+k nsrk gSA nksuksa

cjkcj dk iQy nsus okys gSaA cq/ vius oD+r ds fuLi+Q rd tqnk iQy ugha nsrk ckn esa Hkh xks

tqnk iQy nsxkA exj mÙke gh nsxkA jktnjckj ls I+kQk;nk gksxkA exj ,slk 'k[+l cseqjCcr gksxkA

1 dq.Myh esa cq/ dk vlj& es[k jkf'kA ?kj dk ekfyd eaxy tks cq/ dk nq'eu gSA uhp

djus okyk luhpj bl ds cjkcj dk& Å¡p djus okyk vkSj vlj dk ?kj lwjt gSA ftl ds lkeus

cq/ pqi jgrk gSA cfYd viuk usd vlj lwjt dks gh ns nsrk gSA luhpj ds lcc [kkus ihus

okyk 'kjkch dckch gksxkA exj 11 lky usd uke ckX+kSjr gksxkA lwjt o cq/ ds eqdkcys esa

eaxy dk vlj rks de gksxk exj luhpj dk vlj T+k:j gksxkA

2 c`gLir ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa nq'euA c`gLir mÙke exj cq/ [+kqn [+kjkc djsxkA ;kuh viuk

iQy cq/ vPNk nsxkA cq/ dh nkSyr dh ijokg u djsxkA blds fxnZ nk;jk Mkydj c`gLir dh

gok ds ckvkscxwys cuk,xkA Kkuh mins'kd gksxkA cvkjke fT+kUnxh gksxhA exj ,slk nkSyreUn u

gksxkA vkSj u gh fu/ZuA

2 c`[k jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd 'kqDdj gSa tks cq/ dk nksLr gSA panz Å¡p djrk gSA tks cq/ dk

nq'eu gSA uhp unkjnA vlj ds fy, c`gLir dk eqO+kQke gSA tks cq/ ds cjkcj dk vkSj cq/ [kqn

c`gLir dk nq'eu gSA 36 o"kZ nkSyr vkosA exj T+kkuh gksosA

3 eaxy ds cqtksZ ij& nksuksa cjkcj exj cq/ nq'euh djrk gSA eaxy dk vPNk cq/ ftls [kqn

[+kjkc djsxkA yM+kbZ >xM+s esa e'kgwj gksxkA

3 dq.MYkh esa cq/ dk vljA

43

feFkqu jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd [+kqn cq/ gSA jkgq Å¡p djrk gSA cq/ dk nksLr gSA dsrq uhp djrk

gSA cq/ ftlds cjkcj dk gSA vxj eaxy usd gksosA rks 12 lky nkSyr o okYnk dk lq[k gksA eaxy

cn dk rkYyqO+kQ cqjk vlj nsA

panz ds cqtZ ij& panz nq'euh djrk gSA fny js[kk ij luhpj ds uhps nk;jk fny dh rkO+kQr fuLi+Q

djrk gSA fny ges'kk >xM+s esaA [+kq'kh ekrk enn u nsosA rksrs ds ikl ls gh fcYyh (ydhj) xqT+kj

tkos rksrk vius vki ej tk,xkA cs'kd fcYyh rksrs dks Nqos Hkh uA pUnz ds vlj ls rksrs dk fny

pyukA [+kqn c [+kqn dh cUn gks tk,xkA vkSj eqnkZ gks tk,xkA

4 ddZ jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd panz gSa tks cq/ dk nq'eu gSA c`gLir Å¡p djrk gSA cq/ [+kqn ftl

dk nq'eu gSA exj og nq'eu ughaA nksuksa cjkcj ds gSaA eaxy uhp djrk gSA cq/ ftlds cjkcj

dk vkSj nq'eu gS ges'kk li+Qj o ijnsl jgsA vkSj ykgkflyA c`gLir dh esgjckuh ls 22 lky

nkSyr vkosA

5 flag jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd lwjt gSa tks cq/ dk vlyh nksLr gSA Å¡p&uhp unkjnA viuh vkSjr

vkSj vius fy, fugk;r mÙke exj firk ds fy, eUn gh fxuk gSA

6 dq.Myh esa cq/ dk vlj& dU;k jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd [kqn cq/ vkSj dsrq (cjkcj dk) gSA

cq/ [kqn vkSj jkgq (nksLr) Å¡p uhp djrk gSA uhp djus okyk dsrq cjkcj dk gSA blfy, vgys

O+kQye exj dsrq ls 37 lky nq'eu T+;knk gksaA

7 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa ckge nksLrA nksuksa dk viuk&viuk vkSj mÙke vkSjr ds b'+d esa X+kdZ

jgsxkA vkSj mls lq[k nsxkA blfy, cq/ us vkSjr dh 'kknh js[kk vius cqtZ ij cuk;h gqbZ gSa vkSj

xksy flj us Hkh vehj [+kkunku ls gh vkSjr yh gSA T+kehu feV~Vh dh gkyr esa Hkh xksy gks dj

T+kehu ij vkf'kd gSA ;k T+kehu dh gj xksykbZ ij gkfT+kj gSA xks;k T+kehu xksy gSA exj T+kcku vkSj

flj dk vkf'kd gksxkA blds /M+ dsrq dk nksLr ughaA blds cjkcj dk gSA ;kuh dkenso dk dhM+k

u gksxkA vkSjr ds fy, [+kpsZ esa fnysjA cq/ ds cqtZ ij& viuk cqtZA frtkjr C;ksikj ij eLr vkSj

i+Qk;nk mBkosA

7 rqyk jkf'k& 'kqDdj (nksLr) ?kj dk ekfyd vkSj bdV~Bk jgus okyk ges'kk luhpj Å¡p djrk

gSA tks cjkcj dk gSA lwjt vlyh nksLr Å¡p djrk gSA blfy, 22 lky vkSjr dk lq[k o feyki

gksA gquj eUn exj luhpj ds vlj ls 'kjkch gksxkA luhpj ges'kk viuk vlj djrk gh jgrk gSA

'kqDdj o cq/ bdV~Bs gksus ls 'kgor ijLr&T+kkuh gksrk gSA lwjt vkSj 'kqDdj ds feyki ls cq/ iSnk

gksxkA exj cq/ o 'kqDdj ds feyki esa lwjt dk

8 dq.Myh esa vlj cq/ dkA vlkZ fe;kn ;kuh 22 lky ls vlj 'kq: gks tk,xkA c`[k jkf'k&

?kj dk ekfyd eaxy gSA cq/ ftldk nq'eu gSA panz uhp djrk gSA cq/ ftl dk Hkh nq'eu gSA

ml jkf'k dk Å¡p gS gh ughaA raxnLrA 14 lky rO+kQyhiQ gksA

44

9 /u jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd c`gLir cq/ ftl dk nq'eu gSA dsr Å¡p djrk gSA tks cq/ ds cjkcj

dk gSA jkgq uhp djrk gSA tks cq/ ds oD+r vlj gh ugha djrkA [+kkunku dh ijofj'k djus okykA

ojuk 29 lky okfyn nq%[kh jgsA FkFkyk dj cksyus okykA

10 luhpj ds cqtZ ij& ckge cjkcj cq/ luhpj ls nksLrh djrk gSA vka[k dks xksy fd;kA vkSj

'kqDdj dh T+kehu dh rjg chukbZ dh iqryh cukA exj luhpj nksLrh ugha djrkA vka[k lkfye exj fdlh

otg uT+kj gksrh Hkh ughaA jatks rO+kQyhiQA firk dh ejT+kh gks lq[k nsos ejT+kh ls u nsos ;dhuh ughaA

edj jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd luhpj tks cq/ ds cjkcj dk gSA eaxy Å¡p djrk gSA cq/ ftldk

nq'eu gSA c`gLir uhp djrk gSA cq/ c`gLir dk Hkh nq'eu gSA blfy, 42 lky gfFk;kj dk [+kkSaiQ

&& nq'eu T+;knkA

10 dqaHk jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd luhpj (eqlkoh) gSA mQap uhp unkjnA vlj ds fy, cgLir dk

eqO+kQke gSA cn fdjnkj gksxkA vxj luhpj Å¡p gks rks 45 lky nksLr dh vkenuA

12 ehu jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd c`gLir (cq/ ftldk [+kqn nq'eu) vkSj jkgq (pqi jgus okyk)

gSA 'kqDdj (nksLr) vkSj dsrq (eqlkoh) Å¡p djrs gSaA cq/ [+kqn vkSj jkgq (pqi jgus okyk) uhp

djrs gSaA blfy, /u nkSyr C;ksikj dk dksbZ lq[k u gksxkA fli+QZ ijkbZ nkSyr dk jk[+kk gksxkA nwljksa

ds fy, tksM+sxkA

eqvkfou mez js[kk;s js[kk tSlk fd bl ds uke ls T+kkfgj gS

mez js[kk dh ennxkj gS fli+QZ mez js[kk dh ennxkj ugha mez yEch gksus esa gh enn ugha nsrh cfYd

bUlku dh reke mez ;k fT+kUnxh dh enn T+kkfgj djrh gSA vxj fdlh dks iQkalh YkVdk;k gksos

rks ;s js[kk mlds ikao rys ejus ls uhps ds fy, r[+rk ns nsxhA rkfd xyuk u ?kqV tkosA nwljs

yÝ+tks e vxj dksbZ nq'eu ekjus dh rS;kjh dj ds vk igqaps rks bl js[kk ds izrki ls cpkus tkus

okyk Hkh [+kqn c [+kqn enn ds fy, vk igqapsxkA ftl rjg nq'eu dks cqyk;k u Fkk mlh rjg gh

enn djus okyk Hkh fcu cqyk, vk tk,xkA ftl gkFk esa ;s js[kk ekStwn gksA og nwljksa ls iwjh enn

vkSj vkjke ikrk jgsxkA nq'euksa ds eqdkcys esa nksLr Hkh [+kqn c [+kqn iSnk gksaxsA vkSj eqlhcr dks

nwj dj tk,axsA ,slk vkneh mez dh reke chekfj;ksa ;k VwV iQwV ls cpk jgrk gSA iwjh mez Hkksxrk

gSA ekSr ds ;e ds f[+kyki+Q Hkh bldks enn fey tkrh gSA vkSj enn dh gn ;gka rd fxurs

gSa fd ,slk vkneh dcz ls Hkh fiQj okfil vk tkrk gSA xtZ+ ;g fd cki dh [+kkl dj enn vkSj

lq[k lkxj yEck gksxkA ftrus lky rd mez js[kk ds lkFk tk,xh mruh gh mez rd ;s enn gksxhA

bl js[kk okyk vkSykn ls Hkh lq[k ikrk gSA vkSj ckO+kQh reke ennxkjksa ls Hkh vkjke ikrk gSA

45

luhpj ds cqtZ dk vlj [+kkuk 10

uhp gkyr

1& bl cqtZ ds fcYdqy u gksus ls I+kQT+khZ [+krjkr esa reke fT+kUnxh rckg gksxhA njfEk;kuh mQapkbZ

eqckjd gSA tks lsgr ds fy, mEnk gSA exj raxnLr gksxkA 'kjkc[+kksjh bl cqtZ dh fu'kkuh gSA

Å¡p gkyr2& mÙke luhpj c`gLir dk usd iQy nsxkA vehj dchj (cM+k gh vehj) lkfgcs feyd

vkSj veyd (cgqr Tkk;nkn) vka[k ds b'kkjs ls nkSyr iSnk djus okyk nq"V Hkkxoku gksxkA

3& luhpj jkf'k uEcj 10&11 dk ekfyd gS blfy, mez 90 lky gksxhA uhp luhpj es[k

jkf'k uEcj 1 dk gSA vkSj Å¡p luhpj rqyk jkf'k uEcj 7 dk gSA ;s vka[k dh iqryh ls dkyk

igkM+ dj nsrk gSA vkSj igkM+ dks iqryh crk nsrk gSA exjePN Hkh cu tkrk gSA vkSj eNyh HkhA

uksV& ekSr dk vkf[+kjh lky o fnu

cewtc vkf[+kjh lrjsa lÝ+g% 320 eqO+kQke panz ekSr dk vkf[+kjh fnu vkSj lky dq.Myh esa panz ds

eqO+kQke vkSj [+kkuk uEcj 8&12 ds eq'rjdk vlj ls T+kkfgj gks tkrk gSA eryc ;s fd panz dk

eqO+kQke rks dq.Myh esa ekywe gh gksxkA vkSj [+kkuk uEcj 7 esa tks dksbZ xzg Hkh gksxkA og uhp gksxkA

bu uhpksa ds vlj ls tks lky Hkh igyk lky gksxkA og [+kjkc lky gksxkA bl vkBosa [+kkus dks

ckjgosa [+kkus ds xzg 25 i+Qhlnh vPNk ;k cqjk djsaxsA ;kuh ckjgosa ?kjokyksa dh vxj vPNh uT+kj

gks rks ftl lky og vPNh uT+kj [+kRe gksxh vkSj vxj cqjh uT+kj gksos rks ftl lky ls og cqjh

uT+kj 'kq: gksxhA og vkf[+kjh lky gksxkA

1 luhpj ds fu'kku dk vlj vkSj folxZ lwjt ds cqtZ ij gksA nksuksa ckge nq'eu vkSj

T+kcjnLr xzg cki csVk ,d gh rkO+kQr ds lwjt cki csVk luhpj gSA mQaaV 40 rks cksrk (mQaV dk

cPpk) 45 ntkZ gksxkA nksuksa dk viuk&viuk vkSj urhtk [+kjkc gj dke v/wjk csotg X+kjhch [+kkl

dj rkyhe rks T+k:jh gh v/wjh gksA cki dek, csVk mM+k,A ugwfl;r muds ?kj esa ntkZ vOoy gksA

;k ,slk 'k[+l daxky fu/Zu gksA ePN js[kk vkSj dkX+k js[+kk eq'rjdk gksaxhA eNyh gj phT+k dks eqag

esa Mky MkysA [+okg cspkjh xys esa dUVh ls ekjh tkosA exj dkSok gj ,d ij chB (viuk

iQSlyk) fxjk nsosA vkSjr Hkh cnlwjr gksosA ;kuh 'kqDdj tks luhpj dk nksLr gS nksuksa ds njfEk;ku

rckg gksosA exj og czãKkuh gksxkA vkSj f=k'kwy ds fu'kku gksa rks csg;k cs'keZ [+kksVs dke okyk

gksxkA

46

1 OkqQ.Myh esa luhpj dk vlj%&

es[k jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd eaxy gSA tks luhpj dk nq'eu gSA lwjt Å¡p djrk gSA luhpj

ftldk Hkh nq'eu gS luhpj [+kqn uhp djrk gSA usdh i+Qjkeks'k&5 cjl chekjh&fu/Zu&lc dke

v/wjsA

2 c`gLir ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa cjkcj tqnk&tqnk vljA luhpj dh cqjkbZ vkSj c`gLir dh HkykbZ

vny vkSj jge dk njfEk;kuh balkiQ gSA oT+khj ckrnchj gksA T+kehu o tk;nkn dk ekfyd gksA

mEnk lsgr vkSj jkgr o vkjke gksA ftruk tkos mruk vkosA ftruk l[+kh ljoj mruk gh nwljksa

ls Nhu ykosA vxj ,d lkal vkos nwljk tkosA blh rjg gh nksuksa gkyrsa jgsaA gLcs gSfl;r xqT+kjku

gksrh jgsA

dq.Myh esa luhpj dk vlj

2 c`[k jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd 'kqDdj tks luhpj dk nksLr gS panz Å¡p djrk gSA tks luhpj

dk nq'eu vkSj cjkcj dk gSA uhp unkjn vlj ds fy, c`gLir dk ?kj gS tks luhpj ds eqlkoh

gSA vkSjr dk lq[k gksA ojuk ges'kk chekjhA

3 eaxy ds cqtksZ ij& nksuksa cjkcj& eaxy nq'euh djs >xM+s dh tM+A >xM+s esa [kq'kA >xM+s

ls I+kQk;nk mBkosA nwljksa dk dke fcxkM+sA exj [kqn vkjke ikosA exj eaxy usd dh nkSyr fiQj

Hkh lkFk u nsosA de nkSyr gh gksxkA eaxy cn ij gFksyh ds vUn:uh rjI+kQ gksA rks yM+kbZ >xM+s

esa gh ekjk tkosA

3 dq.Myh esa luhpj dk vlj&

feFkqu jkf'k& cq/ dk ?kj gSA tks luhpj dk eqlkoh vkSj nksLr gSA jkgq (nksLr) Å¡p djrk gSA

dsrq eqlkoh uhp djrk gSA okns dk dPpk& eqlkoh T+kcku dk eykerh 10 o"kZ rdyhi+Q ds ckn

vkjke ikosA

4 panz ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa eqlkoh exj panz nq'euh djrk gSA nksuksa dk tqnk&tqnk exj panz dk

[+kjkc vlj gksA tks [+kqn gh nq'euh djsA X+kSjksa ls lq[kh rks okYnk nq[kh djsA pkan ds fupys fgLls

esa gks rks ikuh ls [+krjk ekSr gksA panz ds cqtZ ;k fny js[kk ij folZx gks rks eksfr;k oX+kSjg

ls vU/k gksosA viuh csodwiQh ls luhpj dh uT+kj dks /Ddk nsosA pksV yxdj vka[k [+kjkc u

gksxhA

4 ddZ jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd panz gSa tks luhpj dk nq'eu gSA c`gLir eqlkoh Å¡p djrk gSA

eaxy (nq'eu) uhp djrk gSA okYnk vkSj vT+khT+kksa ls jathnk gksosA

47

5 flag jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd lwjt (nq'eu) gSA Å¡p uhp unkjnA vgysdye exj fu/Zu tks

pksj] I+kQjsch fiQj Hkh rax gkyA Hkksyk ckn'kkgA

6 dU;k jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd cq/ (nksLr) vkSj dsrq (eqlkoh) gSA cq/ nksLr vkSj jkgq (nksLr)

Å¡p djrs gSaA dsrq (eqlkoh) uhp djrk gSA [kksVs dke djus okykA ojuk (dsrq ds vlj esa) 24

lky yM+ds iSnk gksaA eka ij /h firk ij ?kksM+kA cgqr ugha rks FkksM+k&FkksM+kA ;kuhA [+kkuk uEcj 4

pUnz (ekrk) dU;k ¹(/h ;k yM+dhA jkf'k uEcj 6 dsrq (dsrq tc panz ds ?kj gks) dsrq dk ?kjº

eas gksA rks yM+dh gh gksxh ;kuh yM+fd;ka&yM+fd;ka gh gksaxhA vkSj tc c`gLir (firk cqtZ uEcj

2 ;k vlyh Å¡p c`gLir jkf'k uEcj 4 ddZ tks panz dk ?kj gSA) ij panz (?kksM+k) gksA rks vxj

cgqr ugha rks firk dk FkksM+k cgqr vlj T+k:j gksxk tks veweu iwjs dk iwjk gh gksrk gSA tSlk fd

txk&c&txk ntZ gSA exj luhpj tks lwjt dk yM+dk gS vthc gSA tc ;s blh /h yM+dh dU;k

jkf'k dsrq ds ?kj gksos rks yM+fd;ksa dh txg yM+ds /h panz (ekrk) dh fe;kn rd 24 lky

vkSj tc firk (lwjt ds cqtZ uEcj 1) ij gks ;k lwjt ds ?kj flag jkf'k [+kkuk uEcj 5 ij gksA

rks firk ;k lwjt ds vlj dk usd fu'kku dk uke rd Hkh u gksxkA cki rks dqy nqfu;k dks

jkS'ku djrk gSA csVk fu/Zu cukrk vkSj lc dh pksjh djrk fi+Qjrk gS og nkSyr c[+'krk Fkk rks

;s nkSyr pqjkrk gSA og lc ls cM+h 100 lky dh mez nsrk gSA rks ;s ekSr ds ?kj [+kkuk uEcj 8

c`PNd jkf'k esa eaxy cn ls fey dj lc ds fy, ekSr dk tky fy, cSBk gSA og tSlk ckgj

ls lkI+kQ pedrk gSA oSlk gh vUnj ls lPpk gSA luhpj myV gkyr esa ckgj vkSj vUnj nksuksa

jax esa L;kg gks x;k gSA ekM+k iqÙk vkSj [kksVk iSlk fiQj Hkh dHkh u dHkh dke vk gh tkrk gSA

luhpj tc rkjsxk nqfu;k dh lc L;kgh /ks nsxkA vkSj c`gLir dk vlj mÙke nsxkA

7 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa nksLr gSaA 'kqDdj vkSjr rks luhpj bldh vka[k cuk jgrk gSA vkSjr

dh vka[k nqfu;k dks cpkrh gSA vkSjr dh vka[k esa vxj luhpj gS rks xks;k nqfu;k dh vka[k

('kqDdj feV~Vh ;k nqfu;k luhpj 'kjkjr) 'kjkjr ckeqtLle gSA dksbZ mls 'keZ ls nck ugha

ldrkA nksuksa xzgksa dk tqnk&tqnk vkSj mÙke iQy gksxkA jktnjckj ls vklwnk gky vkSj ckbT+T+kr

gksxkA exj fT+kukdkjA b'O+kQ ls cs bT+T+kr gksxkA usd gqvk rks lc dh vka[k esa feV~Vh Mkyh vkSj

vxj cn gqvk rks [+kqn viuh vka[k esa MkyhA vaxwBs dh tM+ esa L=kh Hkkx esa f=k'kwy bl cqtZ

ij eqckjd gksxkA exj xUnk vkf'kd csxtZ+ gksxkA mez js[kk ij folZx % vka[ksa [+kjkc& cq/

ds cqtZ ij cq/ luhpj eqlkoh gSaA fli+QZ cq/ nksLrh djrk gS nksuksa dk viuk&viuk iQy gksxkA

cq/ dk nksLrkuk exj luhpj dk ,srckj ughaA nLrdkj& gqujeUn& ijksidkjh gksxkA ojuk pksj

jkgT+ku I+kQjsch gksxkA vxj nks f=k'kwy gksa rks de ulhc gksxkA flj js[kk ij folZx % vka[k [+kjkc

gksA vxj flj js[kk ij f=k'kwy gks rks flj dVus ls ekSr gksA

48

7 jkf'k esa luhpj dk vlj& rqyk jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd 'kqDdj (nksLr) gSA luhpj [+kqn Å¡p

djrk gSA lwjt (nq'eu) uhp djrk gSA 'kqDdj ij ijksidkjhA exj vkSjr mez Hkj chekj jgsA cq/

ij [+kqn vD+y dk vU/k xkaB dk iwjk gksA 8 c`PNd jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd eaxy gSA tks luhpj

dk nq'eu gSA panz uhp djrk gSA luhpj bldk Hkh nq'eu gSA Å¡p bl jkf'k dk gS gh ughaA gj

rjg dk Mj& Hk;&uqO+kQlku vkSj ekSr dk ?kj gksosA

9 /u jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd c`gLir (eqlkoh) gSA jkgq (nksLr) uhp djus okyk gSA dsrq (eqlkoh)

Å¡p djrk gSA gennZ vkSj l[+kh gksA exj 14 lky fI+kQØ o X+ke esa jgsA

10 luhpj ds cqTkZ ij& viuk ?kjA vD+yeUnA rks lkfgcs rnchjA vxj mYV gqvk rks cnc[r cn

ulhc iqjnnZ ekSr gksA luhpj dk dksbZ ,srckj ughaA bldk fu'kku f=k'kwy eqlLyl pkjksa rjI+kQ

ekj djrk gSA pkjksa rjiQ ns[krk gSA (,d f=k'kwy gks rks tknw ea=k esa ekfgjA vkSj vxj nks gksa rks

lkfgcs rnchj gksxk)A eugwl Hkh nTkkZ vOoy esa gÝ+rs dk vkf[+kj vxj usdh dh rjiQ eqM+ tkos&

;kuh ds fdukjs eqM+ tkosa ;kuh gks tkosA rks x.ks'k th dh 'kD+y lc ls mÙke gksxhA fli+Qj

dh vkSj ,d dh tek (1$0) nl dk [+kkuk lc dh fO+kQLer dk ?kj gSA

10 jkf'k esa luhpj dk vlj& edj jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd [+kqn luhpj gSA eaxy bldk nq'eu

gh Å¡p djrk gSA c`gLir (eqlkoh) uhp djrk gSA vehjksa ls vehj gksA exj 27 o"kZ gfFk;kj

dk [+kkSiQ gksA

1 dqaHk jkf'k& ikuh dk ?kM+kA ?kj dk ekfyd [+kqn luhpj ftls dksbZ Å¡p uhp ugha djrkA 24

lky /u nkSyr o tk;nkn dh [+kwc vken o i+Qk;nkA exj vÕ;k'k fT+kukdkj gksosA

12 dq.Myh esa luhpj dk vlj

ehu jkf'k& ?kj dk ekfyd c`gLir (eqlkoh) vkSj jkgq (nksLr) gSA 'kqDdj (nksLr) vkSj dsrq

(eqlkoh) Å¡p djrs gSaA cq/ (nksLr) jkgq (nksLr) uhp djrs gSaA vlj ds fy, c`gLir dk ?kjA

C;ksikjh lkfgcs deky exj 15 lky >xM+s esaA gkj ;k gkfu gksA

jkgq dk xzgluhpj [+kRe exj luhpj dh jkr ds 'kq: dk oD+r ;k 'kke ds ckn dk vU/sjk exj jkr ls

igysA T+kehu ds uhps vkfr'k [+ksT+k ekn~nk dh ygj cX+kSj /M+ okys flj dk lk;k ;k fnekX+k esa

uD+yks gjO+kQr iSnk gksus dh ygjA cnh dh rjiQ ys tkus dh rkO+kQrA L;kg jax gkFkh ds ekfuUn

rkO+kQr dk T+kksjA uhyk jax vklekuh vkSj leqnzh uhykA gj cqtZ dh rkO+kQr xqe ;k e¼e djus okyk

xzg gSA bls cqTkksZ ds lkFk gkFk ij dgha eqO+kQjZj txg ugha feyhA vkSj u gh ;s jkf'k;ksa esa

vykgnk jkf'k dk ekfyd gqokA c`gLir dh jkf'k ehu uEcj 12 esa bldk fuokl fxuk x;k gSA

ftls eNyh fxuk gSA ;kuh uhys leUnj dh eNyh tks luhpj ;k exjePN dh lU;kl dh vaxqfy

ij viuk ?kj j[krh gS ;k ftl esa dqy T+kekuk dh gok ;k c`gLir Hkh jgrk gS tk

49

cSBk gSA vkSj eNyh exjePN vkSj gkFkh dh rkO+kQrksa dk tksM+ gSA bl esa c`gLir rks vius ?kj dk

gSA dsrq dk iQy mÙke gksrk gSA o cq/ dk iQy [+kjkc gksxk & ;k fnekX+k [kqN uDyksa gjdr esa

pyk tk,xkA eaxy usd ds gksrs gq,A jkgq dk iQy unkjnA exj pUnz dks uhp vkSj lwjt dks lwjt

xzg.k nsxkA

jkgq dk vlj

[+kkuk uEcj&1lwjt ds cqtZ ij%& lwjt xzg.k dh ekfuUn vlj nsxkA lwjt dh lc rkO+kQr ds mQij L;kgh

dk ckny dj nsxkA ;kuh lc dqN gksrs gq, fO+kQLer enn u nsxhA fnu gksxk exj lwjt xzg.k ds

oD+r dk uT+kkjk gw cgw ;gh fO+kQLer ds vlj dk gky gksxkA vc vxj lwjt dh lsgr js[kk ;k

rjD+O+kQh js[kk cq/ ls 'kqDdj rd pyh x;h gks rks lwjt vius nwljh rjI+kQ ds fgLls ls iwjh jks'kuh

nsxkA ;kuh lwjt xzg.k Hkh gS rks ,d rjI+kQ ;k ,d bykO+kQs ;k nqfu;k ds VqdM+s esa vU/sjk gksxkA

dqy vkye esa vU/sjk ugha gks ldrkA blfy, ;g lwjt dh rjD+O+kQh js[kk ds O+kQk;e gksrs gq, /

u nkSyr [+kwc vk,xhA C;ksikj esa i+Qk;nk gksxkA mez vkSj fny o flj js[kk ds lneksa ls cpk,xhA

vxj xzg.k gksxk rks fli+QZ ped 'kkuks 'kkSdr bT+T+kr&eku vkSj [kqn nLrh dekbZ esa uqO+kQlku o gtZ

etZ gksxkA bl xzg.k ds oD+r ;k lwjt ij jkgq ds T+kekus esa ftl O+kQnj l[+r js[kk 'kqDdj ds cqtZ

dh rji+Q gksxh ml O+kQnj gh enn feysxhA [+kqn viuh T+kkrh dekbZ ds rkYyqO+kQ esa [+kjkch ls cpko

gksxkA nku dY;k.k ekuk x;k gSA xzg.k ds ckn lwjt fiQj ogh vlj mEnk nsxkA ;k jkgq ds vlsZ

ds ckn fiQj deh iwjh gks tk,xhA

jkgq dk vljc`gLir ds cqt± [+kkuk uEcj 2 esa

1& cqgLifr ds cqtZ esa eqI+kQLly fT+kØ gSA oT+khj ckrnchj gksxkA c`gLir vc 'kqDdj dk

vlkZ 25 lky nkSyr dk vkjke nsxkA exj jkgq ges'kk [+kpkZ [+kM+k gh j[ksxkA tks dchynkjh ds

usd dkeksa esa yxsxkA iSlk :i;k ckO+kQh ugha cpsxkA ;gh vlj ml oD+r gksxk tc jkgq dykbZ

ij fO+kQLer js[kk dh tM+ esa gks vkSj dykbZ ij 'kqDdj vkSj panz ds cqtks± dks rckg u djrk gksA

vxj 'kqDdj dh rjI+kQ gks rks cqjk vlj nsxkA vxj dykbZ ij panz dh rjI+kQ gks rks panz ds cjkcj

dk gSA u panz dks uhp dj ldrk gS u Å¡p nksuksa viuk&viuk iQy nsaxsA exj panz dk e¼eA

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 3eaxy usd ds cqtZ ij& jkgq eaxy usd ds oD+r fcYdqy gh iQy unkjnA ;kuh eaxy usd

rks gS gh og ftl esa jkgq u gks vkSj lwjt dk vlj iwjk gksA blfy, L=kh lq[+k nkSyr dk lq[+k

iwjk gksA L=kh dh mez yEch vkSj nkSyr tek gksA

50

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 4

panz ds cqTkZ ij& e¼e iQy gksxkA balku 'kkL=kh (vkfye o vD+y okyk) rks T+k:j gksxkA

exj ckO+kQh iQy panz dk e¼e gksxkA 25 lky (dsrq dk 48 lky vkSj jkgq dk 42 lky exj vc

45 lky) ikuh ls [+kkSiQ gksxkA ;kuh mez dk fuLi+Q vlkZ D;ksafd ehu jkf'k esa panz dh mez 90

lky gksrh gSA ftl dk fuLI+kQ 25 lky gksxkA vxj vlyh mez dksbZ vkSj fudys rks mldk fuLi+Q

vlkZ gksxkA nkSyr o tk;nkn dk e¼e iQy gksxkA jkgq ds vlkZ cn ds nwj gksrs gh lc deh iwjh

gks tk,xhA vkSj panz iwjh rkO+kQr ij vk tk,xkA

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 5

[+kkuk uEcj 5 esa jkgq dk vlj c`gLir vkSj jkgq dk cjkcj dk gksxkA tks fd nq'eukuk vkSj

[+kjkc gksA [+kkuk uEcj 6 dsrq dk ?kj gSA ftl esa nksuksa dk nksLrkuk gksxkA jkgq bl ?kj esa Å¡p gksxkA

ckO+kQh [+kkuksa ds fy, gj cqtZ esa [+kkuk uEcj 12 esa tks gS ogh gksxkA (jkgq dk vlj)A

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 6

dsrq ds lkFk& dsrq dk dksbZ ?kj ughaA cqtZ eqdjZj ughaA nksuksa xzg [+kjkc gSaA mudk dke [+kjkch

dh rjI+kQ ys tk,xkA jkgq eLr gkFkh vka[kksa ls vU/k (gkFkh dh vka[ksa ges'kk NksVh&NksVh vkSj uhps

dks gh ns[krh gSa vkSj vkneh dks fuLi+Q gh le>rk gSA exj T+kehu ls nqoUuh mBk ykrk gSA ;kuh

jkgq uhps dks gh è;ku ys tk,xkA ;k og è;ku ;k fnekX+k dks uhps dh rjI+kQ gh ys tk,xkA ;k cqjs

[+k;ky iSnk djsxkA vc vxj dsrq lkFk feyk ;kuh ,d ,slk vkneh ftl esa jkgq dsrq nksuksa bdV~Bs

gh gksa rks dksbZ Hkh cnh ckO+kQh u jg tk,xhA dsrq /M+ dh reke cqjh gjO+kQrksa dk ekfyd gSA dqÙkk

o lqvj gSA vkSj jax fcjaxkA ftlesa yky jax u gks ;kuh eaxy dh usdh ;k bUlku dh lq[kZ :bZ

u gksA ckO+kQh jax [+okg dksbZ gksA ;kuh bT+T+kr vkSj vknj u gksxkA fo"k;fodkjA lwvj dk dke nso

12 (lwvjh) cSaxu 8 (dqÙkh)vBSaxuA 4 (xk,)pDdA nks (cdjh) rksfj;ka& ;k lwvj ds cPps

lcls T+;knk vkSj ;s tkuoj [+kqn bldk U+kj Hkh dkenso esa T+;knk gksrk gSA ;kuh nks lwvj ,d lwjuh

ds eq'rjdk feykih gks tkrs gSaA vkSj nhxj fT+kLekuh rkO+kQrsa tks cnh dh rjiQ ys tkrh gSa ntkZ

deky dh gksaxhA xtZ fd nksuksa dk eq'rjdk vlj gj rjg ls [+kjkc gksxkA

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 7

'kqDdj ds cqT+kZ ij& vkSjr dk lq[k rks T+k:j gYdk gksxkA lwjt viuk iwjk vlj nsxkA

jktnjckj ls erZck nq'eu eX+kywc vkSj gj ,d ls vkjke gksA ePN js[kk 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ij eqckjd

fu'kku gSA tks eNyh ehu ;k ckjgosa jkf'k ;k jkgq dk ?kj gSA ;kuh 'kqDdj ds cqtZ ij fu'kku

51

rks T+k:j gh [+kjkc

vlj nsxkA ysfdu ePN js[kk ftl esa luhpj ;k cq/ js[kk Hkh 'kkfey gks tk,axhA eqckjd vlj nasxsA

D;ksafd luhpj (mez js[kk) vkSj cq/ lsgr ;k rjD+O+kQh js[kk nkSyr ds fy, rks 'kqDdj ds nksLr gSaA

cq/ vkSj luhpj dk 'kqDdj ls rkYyqO+kQ dbZ txg eqiQLly fT+kØ gSaA vÕ;k'k vkSj gksf'k;kjh dk

rkYyqO+kQ vke gksxk exj tgka rd jkgq [+kqn dk rkYyqd gS nq'eukuk vlj gksxkA tks L=kh Hkko vkSj

L=kh lq[k ;k nkSyr dk lq[k oxS+jg ;k gn ls T+;knk vkSj i+Qtwy [+kpZ ls eqjkn gSA

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 7cq/ ds cqtZ ij& cq/ dk ;s nksLr gSA vkSj cq/ ds gksrs dHkh [+kjkch dh rjI+kQ u ys tk,xkA

fnekX+k dh uD+yks gjO+kQr rks djk,xkA exj cnh dh rjI+kQ u ys tk,xkA exj [+kpkZ oX+kSjg cgqr

djk,xkA /u nkSyr o C;ksikj esa dksbZ lq[k u gksxkA ijkbZ nkSyr dk jk[kk gksxkA nwljksa ds fy, tksM+us

okyk gksxkA [+kqn [kkrk ihrk vkSj [+kpZus okyk u gksxkA

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 8eaxy cn ds cqtZ ij& nksuksa cn vkSj cnh ds ekfydA vD+y csyxke ds dkeksa esa vk cSy

eq>s ekj ds fdLlksa esa L=kh o nkSyr dk lq[k rckg vkSj [+kpkZ gksosA 5 lky uqO+kQlku dk Mj jgsA

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 9[+kkuk uEcj 9 vkSj [+kkuk uEcj 5 esa jkgq dk vlj c`gLir vkSj jkgq dk cjkcj dk gksxkA tks

nq'eukuk vkSj [+kjkc gksA

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 10luhpj ds cqtZ ij& luhpj dk nksLr C;ksikjh lkfgcs deky gksxkA exj 15 lky >xM+s iSnk

gksaA vkSj gkj vkSj gkfu gksosA luhpj tks jkgq dk nksLr gS viuk nksLrh dk vlj /u nkSyr ij djrs

gSaA jkgq dk dke cqjh rjI+kQ ys tkus dk gS vkSj luhpj nksuksa igyw py tkrk gSA blfy, ges'kk

'kD+O+kQh ekeyk gksxkA

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 11[+kkuk uEcj 11 c`gLir dk gS vkSj jkf'k luhpj dh jkgq luhpj dk nksLr gS vkSj c`gLir

ds cjf[kyki+Q luhpj o jkgq nksuksa gh c`gLir ds cjf[kykI+kQ gksaxsA vlj jkgq dk bl [+kkuk esa cqjk

gksxkA ;kuh /u nkSyr mEnk exj c`gLir ds oD+r mEnk exj ckn esa raxnLrhA

jkgq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 12ckO+kQh [+kkuksa ds fy, gj cqTkZ esa [+kkuk uEcj 12 esa tks gS ogh gksxkA

52

dsrq dk xzg

luhpj dh jkr [+kRe gqbZA exj vHkh brokj dk fnu ugha p<+kA jkr ds vU/sjs ds ckn exj

lwjt fudyus ls igys dk vlkZ T+kehu ds mQij ;k vkleku ds uhps rwiQkuh gok dh ygjA cX+kSj

flj ds /M+ dk lk;k ;k flj NksM+ dj ckO+kQh reke ftLe dh uD+yks gjO+kQr iSnk djus okyh cqjh

ygj cnh dh rjI+kQ ys tkus okyh rkO+kQr jax fcjaxk dqÙkk o lqvj exj yky jax dk bl esa fu'kku

u gks (eqI+kQLly jkgq ds xzgsa esa fy[kk gSA) gj cqtZ dh rkO+kQr [+kjkc dj us okyk gSA cqtks± ds

lkFk gkFk dh gFksyh ij bls txg eqO+kQjZj dksbZ ugha feyhA flI+kZQ lk;k vkSj fu'kku T+kkfgj

gksrk gSA jkf'k;ksa esa Hkh eqO+kQjZj jkf'k ugha feyhA ftl rjg /M+ dk gh rkYyqO+kQ flj ls gS vkSj flj

dk rkYyqO+kQ lkal vkSj gok lsA gw cgw blh rjg dsrq dk rkYyqO+kQ cq/ ls gqvk gSA ;kuh bls cq/

(flj) dh jkf'k tks NksBh jkf'k dU;k ;k yM+dh ftl esa vHkh T+kekuk ds cqjs Hkkoksa dk ekn~nk

ekStwn u gks txg nh x;h gSA ftls cq/ jkgq rks Å¡p djrs gSaA exj ;s dkenso dk i+Qfj'rk [+kqn

gh mls uhp djrk gSA ;kuh tc yM+dh esa cnI+ksQy ;k dkenso ;k /M+ dh cqjh gjO+kQr djus ;k

ikao dh uD+yks gjO+kQr dh vknr gqbZA dsrq dk vlj ;k vgn gqvk vkSj vly jkgq dsrq nksuksa ds

fy, dgk tkrk gSA fd

xYy ibZ lykgsa og Hkh xbZA ju ibZ jkgsa oks Hkh xbZA

;kuh tc ckr yksxksa ds lykg e'kojk esa iM+ x;h og Hkh pyrh cuh ;kuh irk ugha D;k urhtk

nsosA vkSj tks vkSjr jkLrs oxS+jg esa ,d ls nwljs ds ;gka vkus tkus yxh bl dk Hkh ,srckj ughaA

jkgq us lqjt xzg.k vkSj pUnz dks e¼e fd;k FkkA exj dsrq panz dks pkan xzg.k vkSj lwjt dks e¼e

djrk gSA pkan xzg.k esa Hkh nqfu;koh 'kku vkSj panz dh usd rkO+kQr ds vlj dk ogh gky gS tks

lwjt xzg.k ds oD+r FkkA ;kuh lwjt xzg.k ds oD+r vxj ,d txg vU/sjk Fkk rks nqfu;k ds dbZ

nwljs bykdksa esa jks'kuh FkhA cq/ ,d ,slk T+kcjnLr xzg gS tks nks nq'euksa ds njfEk;ku nksLrh ls dke

fudky ysrk gSA ;k nks nq'euksa ds njfEk;ku vkdj ,d dk vlj nwljs ij cqjk ugha gksus nsrkA ;k

nks ds njfEk;ku (Buffer– ci+Qj jsyxkM+h esa nks xkfM+;ksa ds njfEk;ku VDdj ls uqO+kQlku ds

cpko djus okyh phT+k) gks dj nksuksa dks viuk&viuk dke djus esa yxk,

j[kus okykA lwjt xzg.k jkgq ls gqok rks lsgr ;k lwjt js[kk cq/ ls feyh vkSj lwjt dh ped

dk vlj fn;kA blh rjg tc panz dsrq ls pkan dks xzg.k gqok rks cq/ dh nwljh js[kk ftls flj

dh Js"B js[kk dgrs gSa panz dh iwjh rkO+kQr cgky djk nsxhA xzg.k dk oD+r xqT+kjus ds ckn pkan

dh fiQj ogh rkO+kQr gks tk,xhA ,slh gkyr esa Hkh nku dY;k.k usdh ds urhts ij ys tk,sxkA lwjt

xzg.k vkSj panz xzg.k nksuksa oD+r esa rks gn ntkZ dh eUnh gkyr ds ;kuh nqfu;k ds firk lwjt vkSj

ekrk panz nksuksa gh T+ksjckj cks> ds uhps ncs gq, gks tkrs gSaA exj xzg.k dk oD+r xqT+kjrs gh fiQj

ogh gkyr mEnkA

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dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 1lwjt ds cqtZ ij& lwjt dk e¼e vlj gksxkA ekewa rjiQ T+;knk [+kjkch djsxkA L=kh lq[k

gYdk gksxkA (eqI+kQLly lwjt ds cqtZ cqtZ esa) jkt njckj ls i+Qk;nk gksxkA exj ,slk T+;knk ughaA

fli+QZ 3 lky (lwjt ds reke vlsZ esa [+kwc ,s'k dk T+kekuk gksxkA)

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 2c`gLir ds cqtZ ij& eqiQLly c`gLir ds cqTkZ esa fy[kk gSA l[+kh ljojA tks dek,xk [kk

ysxk ;k f[kyk nsxkA vius ikl iSlk tek u j[ksxkA u tek jgsxkA ,d lkal vk;k nwljk x;kA rks

igyk vk;k ;k vkbZ pykbZ gksrh jghA fO+kQLer js[kk dh tM+ esa 'kqDdj dh rjI+kQ eqckjd panz js[kk

ds rjI+kQ [+kjkcA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 3usd eaxy ij& [+kqn T+kkr ds fy, usd exj HkkbZcUnksa dh rjI+kQ ls nq'eukukA ijnsl dh

fT+kUnxh vkSj csvkjke oX+kSjg Hkkb;ksa ds lcc gksrh jgsA eaxy usd ij [+kpkZ dk VqdM+k gFksyh ds

eqLrrhy jkf'k 12 ehu dk vlj mÙke djsxkA

dsrq dk vlj [k+kuk uEcj 4panz ds cqtZ ij& eqi+QLly panz ds cqTkZ esa fy[kk gSA vD+y O+kQk;e lkfgcs rnchjA exj

yM+fd;ka T+;knk 6 lky rO+kQyhiQA pkan xzg.k flj dh Js"B js[kk pkan xzg.k vkSj panz uhp ds cqjs

vlj ls cpk,xhA ftl rjg lwjt xzg.k ds oD+r lwjt dh rjD+O+kQh js[kk ls fiQj ogh lwjt pedk

Fkk blh rjg gh flj dh Js"B js[kk ij panz dh ped cgky djkosxhA ;s nksuksa js[kk cq/ dh js[kk

gSaA blfy, 34 lky ls 'kq: gks dj 36 lky gh vlj nsrh gSaA lwjt ds lkFk nksLr gSA vkSj blfy,

cq/ pqi jgrk gSA vkSj vius oD+r dk fuLi+Q dksbZ tqnk vlj ugha nsrkA ;kuh 18 lky pqi&pki

fiQj viuk tqnk vlj nsuk 'kq: dj nsxkA panz ds lkFk cq/ dh nq'euh gS ;kfu pUnz ds oDr

nq'eukuk vlj nsxk ;k cq/ ds cSBs panz usd iQy u nsxkA panz xzg.k dsrq ls gqvk tks cq/ ds

fcYdqy cjkcj dk gSA vc panz dsrq ls nc x;k tks 48 lky rd vlj djsxkA exj cq/ tks

[+kqn panz dk nksLr gSA (panz dk dksbZ nq'eu ugha flok, dsrq ds vkSj jkgq ds) panz [+kqn gh nq'euh

djrk gSA nksuksa xzg viuk&viuk iwjk&iwjk oD+r vkSj iwjk&iwjk vlj djrs gSaA vc vxj lwjt xzg.k

gksA vkSj lsgr js[kk O+kQk;e gks rks lwjt 22 lky vius vkSj 17 lky cq/ ;k 39 lky esa vkSj 39

lky ped nsxkA vkSj blh rjg panz ds oD+r tc dsrq ls pkan xzg.k gks rks cq/ dh Js"B js[kk 24

lky panz dk oD+r panz xzg.k ds ckn vkf[+kjh fgLls esa 34 lky ;kuh 24 lky dh mez ls 58

nksuksa xzgksa ds oD+r dk vlkZ jkgq dsrq ds ntkZ vlj ij FkksM+k

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;k cgqr ;k lkjk xzg.k tqnk&tqnk gksxkA jkgq ls lwjt xzg.k 22 lky rd vkSj dsrq ls pUnz xzg.k

24 lky rd gks ldrk gSA tks lwjt vkSj pUnz dh viuh viuh fe;kn gSA exj jkgq dsrq nksuksa

vxj [+kjkc vlj djuk 'kq: dj nsaA ftl esa panz ;k lwjt dk dksbZ rkYyqO+kQ u gksA rks jkgq 42

lky rd vkSj dsrq 8 lky rd ekj dj ldrk gSA ;kuh bu lkyks dh mez rd gks ldrk gSA

vkSj brus&brus gh lky T+;knk ls T+;knk gn rd jg ldrk gSA ;kuh iwjh 'kkafr 48 lky ds ckn

gh gksxhA exj lsgr js[kk vkSj flj dh Js"B js[kk nksuksa gkyrksa esa viuk&viuk iwjk vlj nsdj

enn djsaxhA lwjt xzg.k okys dks panz dk flrkjk Hkh enn nsxkA panz xzg.k okys dks lwjt dk

flrkjk ennxkj gksrk gSA ftl rjg jkgq dsrq ennxkj gSaA mlh rjg gh panz lwjt ckge nksLr gSaA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 5[+kkuk uEcj 5] 9 c`gLir ds ?kj gSaA dsrq c`gLir ds cjkcj dk gSA blfy, dsrq dk vlj

nq'eukuk u gksxkA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 6[+kkuk uEcj 6 dsrq dk vlj gSA ckO+kQh [+kkuksa ds fy, gj cqtZ dk [+kkuk uEcj 6 dk tks vlj

fn;k gS ogh dsrq dk vlj gksxkA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 7'kqDdj ds cqtZ ij & eqI+kQLly 'kqDdj ds cqtZ esa ntZ gSA [+kwc nkSyreUn ojuk 40 lky

nq'eu cknvT+kku gj ,d ennxkj ;k tks nq'euh djs [+okg cjckn gksxkA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 7cq/ ds cqtZ ij& vgys O+kQye exj 34 lky nq'eu T+;knk gksaA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 8eaxy cn ij& gj rjg dh cqjh gkyr vkSj gkfu xys yxh jgsA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 9

[+kkuk uEcj 5] 9 c`gLir ds ?kj gSaA dsrq c`gLir ds cjkcj dk gSA blfy, dsrq dk iQy

nq'eukuk gksxkA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 10luhpj ds cqtZ ij& cqjs dke djus okykA ojuk 24 lky yM+ds iSnk gksaA vkSj luhpj mÙke

iQy nsosA vkSj gj rjg ls c`gLir dk iQy mÙke iQy iSnk gksxkA 48 lky dh mez ij rcnhyh

gkykr I+kSQlyk dj nsxhA vxj luhpj mYVk fudyk rks gj rjg ls ckO+kQh gkfu ftLekuh

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rO+kQyhiQsa& jQgkuh xM+cM+A T+kehu edku vkSj T+kjks o eky dk uqO+kQlku vkSj gj txg rhu

dkusA vkSj vxj luhpj ennxkj gqvk rks ix ckjg vkSj feV~Vh dks gkFk Mkyk rks lksuk gh fey

x;k okyk vlj gksxkA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 11[+kkuk uEcj 11 c`gLir dk ?kj o luhpj dh jkf'k gSA dsrq luhpj ds cjkcj dk gSA

blfy, nkSyr dh vken rks mEnk exj luhpj o dsrq dk iQy [+kjkc gksxkA

dsrq dk vlj [+kkuk uEcj 12ehu jkf'k (?kj dk ekfyd luhpj) tks dsrq ds cjkcj dk gSA ;s jkf'k jkgq dk Hkh ?kj

gSA tks dsrq dk nksLr gSA ftl rjg jkgq [+kkuk uEcj 6 esa Å¡p iQy nsrk gSA vkSj nq'euksa dk

uk'k djrk gSA mlh rjg gh dsrq [+kkuk uEcj 12 esa Å¡p gksrk gSA vkSj vkSykn dchys dh iSnkbZ'k

dh T+;knrh esa mÙke iQy nsrk gSA oSls gj xzg ds vius gky esa [+kkuk uEcj 12 dk tks vlj

fn;k gS bu reke ckrksa esa dsrq viuk vlj djsxkA tcfd dsrq [+kkuk uEcj 12 esa gksosA exj

HkkbZ;ksa ls csvkjkeh djsxkA

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