Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of...
Transcript of Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of...
![Page 1: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Phosphonates: Their occurrence
and utilization by cyanobacteria in
Lake Erie and it’s watershed
R.M.L. McKay, I. Ilikchyan and G.S. Bullerjahn
![Page 2: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Acknowledgements
Doug Kane, Defiance College
Joe Conroy, OSU
Tom Bridgeman, U Toledo
◦ Justin Chaffin
Erica Young, UW-Milwaukee
Steve Wilhelm, U Tennessee
◦ Matt Saxton
City of Napoleon, OH
◦ Water Treatment Plant
Ohio Sea Grant
◦ R/ER-080
LEPF
◦ SG 357-09
![Page 3: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Source: National Oceanographic Data Center, World Ocean Atlas 2009http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/WOA09F/pr_woa09f.html
![Page 4: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sargasso Sea
P-limited environment
N:P ratios exceed Redfield 16:1
◦ aeolian inputs
dust promotes N2 fixation
are alternate P sources utilized when
phosphates are depleted?
◦ DOP
◦ phosphonates
Dyhrman et al. 2006, Nature 439: 68
Credit: NASA
![Page 5: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Phosphonates contribution to HMW oceanic DOP?
◦ up to 25% (Clark et al.1998, Kolowith et al. 2001)
refractory C-P bond
naturally occurring phosphonates:
◦ phosphonolipids
◦ antibiotics
fosfomycin
![Page 6: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Phosphonates in marine habitats
phosphonate utilization genes
◦ phn operon
present in cyanobacterial genomes
◦ Trichodesmium spp. (N2 fixing filamentous genus)
Dyhrman et al. 2006
◦ Marine and freshwater Synechococcus spp.
Palenik et al. 2003; Su et al. 2003; Ilikchyan et al. 2009
◦ Prochlorococcus spp.
Ilikchyan et al. 2009
![Page 7: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Phosphonates in freshwater
many lakes are P-limited
◦ Lake Superior N:P ~ 8,000
utilization of phosphonates?
◦ naturally occurring?
◦ anthropogenic sources?
Roundup®
![Page 8: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Danz et al., (2005) Env. Monit. Assess.
![Page 9: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Glyphosate application: Nationwide
The year is 2006
The crop is Soybeans-All
The agricultural chemical is Glyphosate
The statistic is Total Active Ingredient Applied (000lb/year)
![Page 10: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Glyphosate application to soybeans in Ohio
USDA – National Agricultural Statistics Service
• > 2300 tonnes applied
![Page 11: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Outlook for 2010
Prospective Plantings, 31 March, 2008 & 2010
USDA – National Agricultural Statistics Service
Soybeans: Area planted in OH (acres)
2006 2007 2008 2009 20101
4,650,000 4,150,000 4,500,000 4,550,000 4,600,000
1 Intended plantings in 2010 as indicated by reports from farmers
![Page 12: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What is the issue being
addressed?
is glyphosate present in Lake Erie and it’s
watershed?
can endemic phytoplankton use glyphosate
as a P source?
![Page 13: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Is glyphosate present in Lake
Erie and it’s watershed?
• Environment Canada presentations
◦ glyphosate detected in tributaries and
nearshore regions Byer et al. 2008, Environ. Sci. Technol. 42: 6052
Struger et al. 2008, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 80: 378
![Page 14: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Glyphosate is detectable in
Maumee Bay (ELISA)
• onset of detection is consistent with spring planting in Maumee
River valley
• values comparable to Byer et al. 2008
Station(western basin)
Lat/longDate
(2008)
PhosphateDissolved/Total
(µg L-1)
Glyphosate(nM/ng L-1)
ER 6041 53′ 31″ N83 11′ 49″ W
21 April 4.6/16.9 Below detection
7M41 43′ 58″ N83 17′ 47″ W
5 May 37/ND Below detection
7M41 43′ 58″ N83 17′ 47″ W
29 May 29/115 0.76 / 128
7M41 43′ 58″ N83 17′ 47″ W
11 June 9/36 1.20 / 203
7M41 43′ 58″ N83 17′ 47″ W
10 July 15/77 1.65 / 276
MB 2041 42′ 54″ N83 27′ 19″ W
11 June 79/186 1.27 / 215
MB 2041 42′ 54″ N83 27′ 19″ W
10 July 66/195 1.72 / 291
![Page 15: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Glyphosate in the Maumee River:
2009
1 23
45
![Page 17: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
USDA, NRCS
![Page 18: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Glyphosate in the Maumee River
regulatory considerations?
EPA guidelines
◦ 700 µg L-1 (4.1 µM)
Canadian Water Quality Guideline
◦ 65 µg L-1 (0.38 µM)
ecosystem impact?
![Page 19: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
+ PO43- + PO4
3-
+ glyphosate
cyanobacteriadiatoms
Healthy good algae, no toxic algae
GOOD!Stimulation of toxic algae?
BAD!
Fertilizer only
Fertilizer plus
Roundup®
Runoff
into Lake
![Page 20: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Freshwater Synechococcus spp. phnD
Lake Erie
environmental samples
Lake Superior strains
Lake Erie strains Lake Erie strain
![Page 21: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Growth response:
Synechococcus sp. ARC-21
![Page 22: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ARC-21 phnD expression (RT-qPCR)
(freshwater)
![Page 23: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Is there an impact?
![Page 24: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Is there an impact? 1,000 metric tons of glyphosate applied
◦ 2.2 million pounds
15% as P
◦ 330,000 pounds P
3.7 million acres corn, soybeans
◦ 0.1 pound acre-1
NE Ohio Regional Sewer District
◦ release of 365,000 pounds P
does this represent a significant threat to
water quality?
◦ it depends
![Page 25: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fate of glyphosate
Given the high loadings yet low levels of
glyphosate in the Maumee:
◦ Glyphosate is assimilated by bacteria
upstream and in soil
nutrient source for bacteria
◦ Converted to phosphates by hydrolysis
◦ Enters food web upstream as a new source of
phosphate
![Page 26: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Questions / future research
Trend in yearly applications of glyphosate
in the Erie watershed?
What about application in Ontario?
Research should include mesocosms
◦ Lifetime of glyphosate
◦ Microbial/algal community shifts after
glyphosate addition
are there naturally-occurring
autochthonous phosphonates?
◦ test Lake Superior water
◦ substrate specificity of pico phosphonatases
![Page 27: Lake Erie and it’s watershed - University of Windsorweb2.uwindsor.ca/lemn/LEMN2010_files/Presentations/… · · 2010-05-04Lake Erie and it’s watershed ... Justin Chaffin ...](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022030718/5b035d0e7f8b9a89208c09e3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Conclusions: Phosphonates in the
Great Lakes anthropogenic loadings are detected
◦ glyphosate and degradation products
freshwater picocyanobacteria possess phn
genes
both Lake Erie and Superior endemic picos
some taxa can utilize glyphosate as a sole
P source