Lake Con 2011.pdf
Transcript of Lake Con 2011.pdf
Seven Lakes in San Pablo City :
Research Updates
Perez, T., Claveria, R., Dayrit, F., Espiritu, E.
Unson, R. and Favis, A.
Department of Environmental Science
Ateneo de Manila University
Lake Location
(Barangay)
Coordinates Area (ha) Depth
(meters)
Bunot Concepcion 14.083 0N 121.343 0E 30.5 23
Calibato Sto. Angel 14.105 0N 121.377 0E 42 135
Pandin San Lorenzo 14.116 0N 121.367 0E 20.5 63
Yambo San Lorenzo 14.121 0N 121.365 0E 28.5 n/a
Palacpaquen San
Buenaventura
14.111 0N 121.338 0E 43 7.5
Mohicap Santa
Catalina
14.126 0N 121.334 0E 14.5 n/a
Sampaloc Poblacion 14.079 0N 121.33 0E 104 27
Impacts of Aquaculture and increased
population along the lake shore
Chironomidae (midge larvae) Tipulidae (cranefly)
Ceratopogonidae(biting midge)Stratiomyidae
Culicidae(mosquito)
Dixidae (dixidmidge)
Chironomidae (midge larvae) Tipulidae (cranefly)
Ceratopogonidae(biting midge)Stratiomyidae
Culicidae(mosquito)
Dixidae (dixidmidge)
San Pablo City, Philippines
Study Area:
•Lake Mohicap
•Lake Sampaloc
•Lake Calibato
•Lake Palaqpaquen
•City District
•Adjoining wells,
springs and rivers
Research Areas Water Quality
Assessment
Physico-Chemical
Parameters
Biological Indicators
Sediment Analysis
Nutrient
Availability/Dispersion
Coliform Contamination
Soil Analysis
Primary Production
Water Resource Mapping
Aquaculture
A study was made to
investigate the composition of
the macroinvertebrates in
Lake Palacpaquen.
A study was made to provide
baseline data on the primary
productivity and nutrient
availability of Lake
Palacpaquen.
A study was made to assess
the physico-chemical
characteristics of the lake
sediments of Palacpaquin
Lake and adjoining rivers.
Lake
Palacpaquen
Lake
Mohicap,
Calibato and
Sampaloc
determined the extent of fecal
waste present and the quality and
safety of the water from selected
springs for human consumption.
identified the phytoplankton and
macrobenthic invertebrates
used a geochemical approach in
examining the ecological and
geographical changes of the lakes
characterized the soils in the area
surrounding the seven lakes of
San Pablo
determined the physico-chemical
characteristics, nutrient
concentrations and metals
content of the lakes
Connecting
springs, rivers
and surrounding
soil
assessed the impacts of
anthropogenic activities to the
water resources of San Pablo City
and its vicinities
Monitored and assessed the
microbiological water quality of
selected springs and a well by
detecting its coliform content
using the Most Probable Number
(MPN)
generated geo-physical and geo-
chemical distribution maps of the
grain size analysis, sulfate and
organic carbon concentrations in
sediments in selected San Pablo
lakes and their adjoining rivers.
sulfates
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
center a center b inlet a inlet b littoral a littoral b outlet
site
pp
m
phosphates
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
center a center b inlet a inlet b littoral a littoral b outlet
site
pp
m
Comparison of sulfate concentrations
among the selected sampling sites in and
around Palacpaquin Lake
Comparison of phosphate concentrations
among the selected sampling sites in and
around Palacpaquin Lake
Conclusion
• lake and river sediments are generally
coarse grained and are moderately or poorly
sorted
• sulfates increase with decreasing grain size
• anthropogenic contributions of sulfates to
lake and river systems
– Calibato Lake is the least influenced
– Lake Mohicap - the more high-impact lake
– Lakes Palacpaquen and Sampaloc are the most
affected
Conclusion
• percent organic carbon is generally low
• no correlation between sulfates and
percent organic carbon was observed.
An Assessment of the Benthic
Community Structure:
Implications on the Water
Quality of Lake Palacpaquen,
San Pablo City, Philippines
•Lake is possibly affected
by organic pollution.
•In situ water quality
parameters had low
correlations with biotic
indices but they contribute
to physical characteristics of
habitat together with the
substrata.
Conclusion
•Substrate composition at different points in the lake
varied in type and sizes, from large organic debris
to finer particles.
•BBI: Lake is moderately polluted to lightly polluted.
•FBI: substantial pollution is likely; water quality is
fairly poor.
Conclusion
Determining Macrophyte Primary
Production and Nutrient
Availability in Lake Palacpaquen,
San Pablo City, Laguna
• Lake Palacpaquen is suitable as a Class C water
for aquaculture purposes
• Lake Palacpaquen is also polluted in terms of
PO43- concentration, making it susceptible to
eutrophication and algal blooms that could pose a
threat to primary production and in the aquaculture
industry in the long run.
Conclusion
Morphometry and Sedimentation of
Palacpaquen Lake, San Pablo City,
Laguna, Philippines
Gil Arsenic J. Severino
March 2007
• Based on satellite images (Google Earth,
2003), the estimated radius of the lake’s
surface is about 408.54 m
Figure 8. Google Image
Morphometry and Sedimentation
Rate
• Most of the springs are highly contaminated with
total and fecal coliforms except for the Mohicap
spring
•The MPN/100 ml values for all springs and the well
exceed the standard set by the Department of
Health and Department of Environment and Natural
Resources which is 0 or < 2 MPN/100 ml
Conclusion
• Nearly all the water samples tested were nonpotable
• Total and fecal coliform contamination vary one way
or another due to the varying hydrogeological
properties of the area and the capacity of overlying
soil strata to disperse or eliminate possible coliform
contaminants.
Conclusion
The Physico-Chemical Characterization
of sediments in Palacpaquin Lake and
adjoining River Systems, San Pablo,
Laguna
• Sediment samples from the center of the lake show
highest nutrient concentration in all of the analyses
done
• The general variability of nutrient concentration
could be attributed mainly to anthropogenic activities
within and around the Palacpaquin Lake. These
activities range from domestic to aquaculture.
Conclusion
Assessing the Effects of
Anthropogenic Activities to the
Hydrology of San Pablo:
Implications to Water Resources
• Built up areas in San Pablo consisting mainly of
residential and commercial areas are concentrated
around Sampaloc Lake
Sampaloc Lake is the most vulnerable to
anthropogenic impacts compared to the other
lakes in the city.
Conclusion
• There is a fairly sufficient water supply in San Pablo
as shown by the presence of several springs and
other surface water bodies in the city and its geology
San Pablo’s main concern would be the
consequences of anthropogenic activities to the
quality of its water resources
Conclusion
• Anthropogenic activities characterized by land
transformations and aquaculture will have devastating
impacts on the surface and groundwater systems of
San Pablo unless proper land and water resource
planning and management are implemented
Conclusion
An Assessment of the Coliform
Contamination in the Sampaloc,
Mohicap and Calibato Lake
Waters and Selected Springs
• The three lakes and the springs were found to be
positive of fecal contamination
•Sampaloc Lake has the highest average
concentration, followed by Mohicap and then
Calibato
•Concentrations in the peripheries were also noted
to be higher than those in the center for Mohicap
and Calibato
•The results indicate that the lakes are Class C
water bodies
Conclusion
An Assessment on the Phytoplankton
and Macrobenthic Organisms as
Biological Indicators in Calibato,
Mohicap and Sampaloc Lakes
• The presence of more phytoplanktons in cooler
months is detrimental to the fishes in all three lakes
as this suggests algal blooms which would result to
fish kill
• The Belgian Biotic Index indicated that all three
lakes are polluted
Conclusion
• The results for this study recommends the
fishermen to harvest before cold months or to
minimize their inputs during cold months because it is
during these months, fishkills are likely to occur
Recommendation
Nutrient Dispersion Patterns in
Drainage and Lake Sediments: A Study
of Sourcing for Selected Lakes in
San Pablo, Laguna
•Mohicap Lake seems to be the more high-impact
lake than Calibato, with Sampaloc Lake being the
most utilized
•High sulfate values are indicative of high
anthropogenic influence on these lakes, including
inlets, littoral zones and outlets
Conclusion
• It is important to pay attention to the particular
sources of nutrients in the inlets or springs of the
lakes. Knowledge of these would help minimize
nutrient pollution and facilitate management of the
lakes.
Recommendation
A geo-physical and geo-
chemical assessment of soils
surrounding selected lakes of
San Pablo, Laguna
A Comparative Study of the
Effectiveness of Commercial
and Farm-made Feeds
on the Growth of Tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus)
Camille Jaojoco Villasin
BS Environmental Science 2007
Monitoring of Tilapia Growth
• 2x a week for the first weeks of the study, once a week in the last 4 weeks
• 5 fishes per tank randomly selected
• weight - kitchen weighing scale.
• width and length
A Comparative Study of the
Effectiveness of Commercial and
Farm-made Feeds on the Growth
of Tilapia Camille Jaojoco Villasin
Economic Assessment
total feed
weight, kg
cost per kg,
Php
total cost,
Php
Farm – made
Commercial
2.89
2.89
17.00
22.00
49.13
63.59
Economic Assessment during the 56-day feeding period
Nutrient Dispersion Patterns in
Drainage and Lake Sediments:
A Study of Sourcing for Selected
Lakes in San Pablo
Benica Joy D. Pasaporte
Sampaloc Dispersion Pattern Sampaloc concentration in selected sites,
July31, 2003
-30
20
70
120
170
sites
co
ncen
trati
on
%OM 0.88215 5.6228 0.72083
phosphates 0.3283 0.6359 0.3329
sulfates 171.88 169.48 135.38
spring1 litt2 out1
Sampaloc concentration in selected sites, dec8
-30
-10
10
30
50
70
90
sites
co
ncen
trati
on
%OM 4.4369 2.747 0.7459
phosphates 0.5604 0.7996 0.7002
sulfates 91.321 100 79.855
spring 1 litt2 out1
•The nutrient concentrations in the soil, specifically
organic carbon, phosphate and sulfate, are influenced
by the topographic and vegetative features of the
site’s surroundings
•The pH measured from the samples suggest that the
soils in the area are highly suitable for agricultural
utilization
•Anthropogenic influences, such as agriculture and
domestic activities, are also factors in the dispersion
of soil nutrients in the vicinities of the lakes
Conclusion
Proponent:
Diane Marie R. Campañano
An Assessment on the
Phytoplankton and
Macrobenthic Organisms as
Biological Indicators on
selected sites in Mohicap,
Calibato and Sampaloc
Lakes
Methodology
Phytoplanktons
Sampling Site
Sampling Stations
Sampling Procedures
Processing of Samples
Analysis
Table 15. Summary Report on Cell Densities in all three lakes
Sampling Area Mohicap Calibato Sampaloc
Sampling Site Periphery Center Periphery Center Periphery Center
Date of Sampling
31-
J
u
l
29-
O
c
t
31-
J
u
l
29-
O
c
t
29-
O
c
t
8-
D
e
c
29-
O
c
t
8-
D
e
c
31-
J
u
l
8-
D
e
c
31-
J
u
l
8-
D
e
c
Phytoplanktons Cell Density (cells/100mL)
Anacystis sp. 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
Aulocoseira sp. 4 27 8 1 7 7 15 16 1 11 0 7
Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck 10 55 5 3 1 5 13 4 5 4 11 7
Chlorococcum humicola 2 11 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 4
Closterium setaceum 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 4 1
Coelastrum sphericum Nageli 0 4 1 0 0 10 8 1 0 3 2 2
Eurastrum sp. 0 3 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 3 2 1
Merismopoedia sp. 7 38 7 6 4 10 6 8 9 10 4 7
Microcystis sp. 1 10 2 4 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 3
Nostoc sp. 1 10 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Oscillatora angusta 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 1 1
Oscillatora terebriformis 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2
Palmella miniata L. 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 4
Pediastrum sp. 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 2 1
Planktosphaeria gelatinosa G. M. Smith 1 5 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 4
Scendesmus dimorphus 1 4 1 3 0 2 0 0 1 1 2 0
Scenedsmus quadricauda 4 18 1 4 4 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
Sphaerocystis schroeteri 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 4
Stepanodiscus sp. 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 1
Straurastrum leptcladium or
Arthrosdemus 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 12 4 2
Synedra putchelia 2 10 4 3 1 1 1 2 0 4 7 1
Tetraspora cylindrica 1 6 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 4 5
Sampling Area Mohicap Lake Sampaloc Lake Calibato Lake
Sampling Date 31-Jul-03 29-Oct-03 31-Jul-03 8-Dec-03 29-Oct-03 8-Dec-03
TAXA
Mollusca
Lymnaea 2 3 3 1 2
Tarebia 2 1
Somatogyrus 4 3
Pleurocera 2 3 4
Goniobasis 2
Fluminicola 2 2
Promenetus 2 4 2
Bulimus 2
Gillia 2
Plaudestrina 2
Physa 2 2 2
Plegiola 2 1
Chironomidae
Diptera 2 2
Total Number of S.U. 2 4 11 5 1 2
Biotic Index 3 4 5 4 3 4
Significance Heavily Heavily Moderately Heavily Heavily Heavily
Polluted Polluted Polluted Polluted Polluted Polluted
Table 16. Summary Report on the Biotic Index for Macrobenthic Organisms
An Assesment of the Coliform
Contamination in the
Sampaloc, Mohicap and
Calibato Lake Waters and
selected Springs
By Marvin R. Rebosura
February 2004
94
6 7
22819
20
1 25
21
3
15
1617
18
1314
10
11
12
Lake Mohicap
Lake Sampaloc Lake Calibato
San Pablo City
Calibato Sites
1-periphery A
5-periphery B
2-Center
5-Spring
Mojicap Sites
7-periphery A
19-periphery B
6-Center
22-Spring
Sampaloc Sites
17-periphery A
11-periphery B
18-Center
16-Spring
DENR standards for Coliforms Concentrations
Parameter Unit Class AA Class A Class B Class C Class D
Total
Coliforms
MPN/100
mL
50 1000 1000 5000 --
Fecal
Coliforms
MPN/100
mL
20 100 200 -- --
Total Coliforms
Total Coliforms
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
31-Jul-03 29-Oct-03 8-Dec-03
Sampling Dates
MP
N V
alu
e
Sampaloc
Center
Sampaloc
Periphery
Mojicap
Center
Mojicap
Periphery
Calibato
Center
Calibato
periphery
Spring Fecal Coliforms
Fecal Coliforms
36
14
140
79
122
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
31-Jul-03 29-Oct-03 8-Dec-03
Sampling Dates
MP
N V
alu
e
Sampaloc
Spring
Mojicap
Spring
Calibato
Spring
A Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of
Commercial and Farm-made Feeds
on the Growth of Tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus)
Conclusion
• effectiveness of both practices is not significantly different from each
other in terms of the growth yield exhibited by the Tilapia (O.
niloticus)
• Water quality assessment show no significant difference in the effect
of the two fish feeds on the integrity of the water.
– Turbidity, in particular, however, is significantly higher in the
commercial feed system than in the farm-made feed system
• no significant difference in the effect of the farm-made feed
system on the growth of tilapia and water quality as compared to
the commercial feed system
• With the comparable effects of both the farm-made and commercial
feeds, farm-made feeds are more economical because of its
cheaper price.
Initiatives to save the lakes
FARMC
Alyansa ng mga Samahan sa
Timog Katagalugan para sa
Kaunlaran
Friends of the Seven Lakes
Lake shore community & Barangay officials