LAGEE - THE EFFORTS IN UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF AMAZON IN GLOBAL CARBON BUDGE AND THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY

Coordenated by Dr. Luciana V. Gatti Team: Lucas G. Domingues, Caio S.C. Correia, Viviane F. Borges, Luciano Marani, Ricardo Santana, Stephane Crispim, Wellison R. da Costa International Partners: - Dr. John B. Miller – NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, Boulder-

Colorado, United States - Dr. Manuel Gloor – University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom - Dr. Wouter Peters – Universities of Wageningen and Groningen, The Netherlands - Dr. Martine De Mazieri - Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) - Dr. Hartmut Boesch - EOS Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, UK - Dr. Paul Palmer – Edinburg University - Dr. Joe Berry - Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford - entre outros - National Partners: - Dr. Luiz Aragao - INPE - Dra. Liana Anderson - CEMADEN - Dr. Jean Ometto - INPE - Dra. Ana Paula Aguiar - INPE - Dr. Plinio Alvalá - INPE - Dr. Demerval Moreira – UNESP – Rio Claro - Dr. Saulo Freitas – INPE/CPTEC and NASA - Dr. Humberto Rocha – IAG / USP - entre outros

Escalas de Medidas de GEE

(LaGEE/INPE)

(LaGEE/INPE) (coast - LaGEE/INPE)

(LaGEE/INPE)

(LaGEE/INPE)

Projects Executed and ongoing in GHG Research 1. LBA-ECO -TG 06 - Vertical profiles of carbon dioxide and other trace gas species over the Amazon basin using small aircraft –

Coord. By Dr. John Miller, and Funded by Nasa from 2003 to 2006 2. LBA-ECO TG 31 - Evaluation and Estimation of Surface Trace Gas Fluxes from Aircraft Measurements Above the Amazon,

coord. By Dr. John Miller Funded by NASA from 2003 to 2009 3. AMAZONICA - Amazon Integrated Carbon Analysis, UK-Brazil Consortium coord. By Dr. Manuel Gloor and funded by NERC

(NE/F005806/1) from 2009 to 2015. 4. CARBON TRACKER - Carbon Tracking and Water Routing: Control of Climatic Changes and Variability, coordinated by

Humberto Rocha and Funded by FAPESP (08/58120-3) from 2009 to 2014. 5. GEOCARBON - Global Carbon Observing System, Funded by 7th Framework European Union's Research and Innovation funding

programme (283080) From 2011 to 2015. 6. Continental and Oceanic CO2 Fluxes, coordinated by Humberto Rocha and Funded by CNPq (403241/2012-3), from 2012 to

2014. 7. ACO - Overview of Aircraft flights from the Amazonian Carbon Observations, UK-Brazil Consortium coord by Hartmut Boesch

and funded by NERC (NE/J016233/1) and FAPESP (11/51841-0) from 2012 to 2015. 8. Variability of Amazon Basin Carbon and Methane Balances and its controls”, 401809/2013-7 – Science Without Borders

Interannual coordinated by Dr. Luciana V. Gatti (2013-2016) 9. ASICA - New constraints on the Amazonian carbon balance from airborne, coordinated by Prof. Wouter Peters, financed by

European Research Council (ERC) under Horizon 2020 (2015-2020), funded € 812,170.63. 10. A Tropical Airborne Validation Capability for OCO-2. Coordinated by Dr. John B. Miller (2014 – 2017), funded by NASA, funded

US$ 96,000.00 for vertical profiles. 11. Validation of OCO2 column CO2 over Tropical South America via Inverse Modeling of in situ Measurements. Coordinated by

Dr. John B. Miller (2015 – 2018), funded by NASA, funded US$ 118,453.00 for vertical profiles. 12. Scaling from Flux Towers to Ecosystem Models: Regional Constraints on Carbon Cycle Processes from Atmospheric Carbonyl

Sulfide, coordinated by Dr. Elliot J. Campbell, funded by NASA, Dr. Joe Berry will participate in the installation of COS instrument and development of methodology.

13. Moya - The Global Methane Budget: Track Records, coordinated by Dr. Euan Nisbet, Royal Holloway, Univ. of London (RHUL), financed by UK NERC grant, (£ 80,000.00 for INPE group). from 2016 to 2020.

14. "Disaggregating Amazon Basin fire fluxes using remote sensing of atmospheric carbon monoxide and burned area Project", Coordinated by Dr. John B. Miller (2015 – 2018), funded by NASA US$ 420,000.00 to finance vertical profiles and GHG analysis.

15. Caracterização da Distribuição das Concentrações de GEE nas Massas de Ar que Chegam a Costa Norte/Nordeste do Brasil”, coordinated by Dr. Luciana V. Gatti , CNPq Universal project, 480713/2013-8 - (2013-2017), (R$ 40,000.00).

16. BAAF - Belgian-Brazilian network for studying the Atmosphere above the Amazonian Forest – Coordinated by Martine De Maziere funded by BELSPO in 49,000Euros (2015-2018)

Projects ongoing in GHG Research 1. ASICA - New constraints on the Amazonian carbon balance from airborne, coordinated by

Prof. Wouter Peters, financed by European Research Council (ERC) under Horizon 2020 (2015-2020), funded € 812,170.63.

2. A Tropical Airborne Validation Capability for OCO-2. Coordinated by Dr. John B. Miller (2014 – 2017), funded by NASA, funded US$ 96,000.00 for vertical profiles.

3. Validation of OCO2 column CO2 over Tropical South America via Inverse Modeling of in situ Measurements. Coordinated by Dr. John B. Miller (2015 – 2018), funded by NASA, funded US$ 118,453.00 for vertical profiles.

4. Scaling from Flux Towers to Ecosystem Models: Regional Constraints on Carbon Cycle Processes from Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide, coordinated by Dr. Elliot J. Campbell, funded by NASA, Dr. Joe Berry will participate in the installation of COS instrument and development of methodology.

5. Moya - The Global Methane Budget: Track Records, coordinated by Dr. Euan Nisbet, Royal Holloway, Univ. of London (RHUL), financed by UK NERC grant, (£ 80,000.00 for INPE group). from 2016 to 2020.

6. "Disaggregating Amazon Basin fire fluxes using remote sensing of atmospheric carbon monoxide and burned area Project", Coordinated by Dr. John B. Miller (2015 – 2018), funded by NASA US$ 420,000.00 to finance vertical profiles and GHG analysis.

7. Caracterização da Distribuição das Concentrações de GEE nas Massas de Ar que Chegam a Costa Norte/Nordeste do Brasil”, coordinated by Dr. Luciana V. Gatti , CNPq Universal project, 480713/2013-8 - (2013-2017), (R$ 40,000.00).

8. BAAF - Belgian-Brazilian network for studying the Atmosphere above the Amazonian Forest – Coordinated by Martine De Maziere funded by BELSPO in 49,000Euros (2015-2018)

LaGEE – LaPBio/CCST/INPE

coordinated by Luciana V. Gatti

Replica of GHG lab from NOAA/ESRL/GMD

(National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration / Earth

System Research Laboratory / Global Monitoring Division)

Perfis Verticais CO2, CH4, N2O

CO, SF6, T, H e P

CO2 separation system for analysis of 13C and 17O isotopes

AERODYNE RESEARCH, Inc. 45 MANNING ROAD, BILLERICA, MA 01821 (978) 663 9500

www.aerodyne.com CACC_INST_2_1

Dual Laser Trace

Gas Monitor

Sensitive, rapid, highly specific

and

continuous measurements of multiple

atmospheric trace gases in ambient air.

• Extremely sensitive detection of a wide variety of

atmospheric trace gases, such as: methane,

nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide,

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde,

formic acid, ethylene, acetylene, carbonyl sulfid

e

,

acrolein, ammonia and others.

• Combustion monitoring and characterization.

• Isotopic monitoring of CH4 and N

2O for source/

sink characterization.

• Eddy Covariance measurements.

• Fast response plume studies.

• Air quality monitoring.

• Mobile measurements from ship, truck, and

Aircraft platforms.

• Absolute trace gas concentrations with

out calibration gases.

• Fast time response.

• Free from interferences by other

atmospheric gases or water vapor.

• Turnkey and unattended operation.

• Ready to be deployed in fie

l

d

measurements and on moving platforms.

• Two lasers allow simultaneous

measurement of more species.

• Optical pathlength of either 76 meters or

210 meters.

APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES

FTIR – Forrier Transformed Infrared

Sun Tracker

Total Carbon Column Observation Network

IFRO

Intercomparação semanal com a NOAA

Maxaranguape

Farol área urbana

Itarema - Ceará Parceria Rio Energy

Publications on GHG Research 1. Gatti, L.V., Gloor, M., Miller, J.B., Doughty, C.E., Malhi, Y., Domingues, L.G., Basso, L. S., Martineswki, A., Correia, C.S.C., Borges,

V.F., Freitas, S., Braz, R., Anderson, L.O., Rocha, H., Grace, J., Phillips, O.L., Lloyd, J. (2014), Drought sensitivity of Amazonian carbon balance revealed by atmospheric measurements. Nature (London), v.506, p.76 - 80, 2014. Paper showed in the cover. DOI: 10.1038/nature12957. 108 times cited (The more important group publication was a Nature paper that was cover in the 6 Feb 2014 Edition).

2. C. B. Alden, J. B. Miller, L. V. Gatti, E. M. Gloor, K. Guan, K. Thoning, C. S. C. Correia, L. G. Domingues, L. S. Basso, D. Touma, I. van der Laan-Luikx, I. van der Velde, T. van Leeuwen, Y. Shiga, J. Joiner, A. Andrews, N. Diffenbaugh, (2016), Regional atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals seasonal and geographic differences in Amazon net biome exchange. Global Change Biology, v.22, p.8.

3. C. Wilson, E. Gloor, L. V. Gatti, J. Miller, A. Bloom, S. A. Monks, L. Basso, A. Crotwell, M. P. Chipperfield (2016), Basin-wide quantification and attribution of Amazon methane emissions in 2010 and 2011, Biogeochemical Cycles, v.30, p.400 - 420.

4. S. pandey, S. Houweling, M. Krol, I. Aben, T. Machida, F. Chevallier, E. J. Dlugokencky, L. V. Gatti, M. Gloor, J. B. Miller, R. Detmers, and T. Rockmann (2016) Inverse modeling of GOSAT-retrieved ratios of total column CH4 and CO2 for 2009 and 2010, ACP v.16, p.5043 - 5062.

1. Webb, H. Boesch, R. Parker, L. V. Gatti, M. Gloor, P. Palmer, M. Chapperfield, C. Wilson, J. Miller, L. S. Basso (2016), CH4 concentrations over the Amazon from GOSAT consistent with in situ vertical profile data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. , v.121, p.11,006 - 11,020.

5. Deeter, M. N.; Martínez-alonso, s.; Gatti, L. V.; Gloor, M.; Miller, J. B.; Domingues, L. G.; Correia, C. S. C. (2016), Validation and analysis of MOPITT CO observations of the Amazon Basin. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, v.9, p.3999 - 4012.

6. Basso, L.S., Gatti, L.V., Gloor, M., Miller, J.B., Domingues, L.G., Correia, C.S.C., Borges, V.F., (2016) Seasonality and inter-annual variability of CH4 fluxes from the eastern Amazon Basin inferred from atmospheric mole fraction profiles. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, v.121, p. 168 - 184.

7. I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, I.R. van der Velde, M.C. Krol, L.V. Gatti, L.G. Domingues, C.S.C. Correia, J.B. Miller, M. Gloor, T.T. van Leeuwen, J.W. Kaiser, C. Wiedinmyer, S. Basu, C. Clerbaux, W. Peters (2015), Response of the Amazon carbon balance to the 2010 drought derived with CarbonTracker South America. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v.29, p.1092 - 1108.

8. Molina, L., Broquet, G., Imbach, P., Chevallier, F., Poulter, B., Bonal, D., Burban, B., Ramonet, M., Gatti, L. V., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., Dlugokencky, E., Ciais, P. (2015), On the ability of a global atmospheric inversion to constrain variations of CO2 fluxes over Amazonia. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v.15, p.8423 - 8438.

9. Moreira, D.S.; Freitas, S. R.; Bonatti, J.P.; Mercado, L.M.; Rosario, N.M.É.; Longo, K.M.; Miller, J. B.; Gloor, M.; Gatti, L.V. (2013); Coupling between the JULES land-surface scheme and the CCATT-BRAMS atmospheric chemistry model (JULES-CCATT-BRAMS1.0): applications to numerical weather forecasting and the CO2 budget in South America. Geoscientific Model Development, v. 6, p. 1243-1259.

10. Saito, R., Patra, P.K., Sweeney, C., Machida, T., Krol, M., Houweling, S., Gatti, L.V., Bouquet, P., Gloor, E., Miller, J.B., Palmer, P.I., Wilson, C. (2013), TransCom model simulations of methane: Comparison of vertical profiles with aircraft measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. , v.118, p.3891 - 3904.

11. Gloor, M., Gatti, L., Brienen, R., Feldpausch, T. R., Phillips, O. L., Miller, J., Ometto, J. P., Rocha, H., Baker, T., Houghton, R. A., Malhi, Y., Aragao, L. E. O. C., Zhao, K., Peylin, P., Huntingford, C., Levy, P., Lloyd, J. (2012), The carbon balance of South America: a review of the status, decadal trends and main determinants. Biogeosciences, 9, 5407 - 5430.

12. Querino, C. A. S., Smeets, C. J. P. P., Vigano, I., Holzinger, R., Moura, V., Gatti, L. V., Martinewski, A., Manzi, A. O., de Araújo, A. C., Röckmann, T. (2011), Methane flux, vertical gradient and mixing ratio measurements in a tropical forest. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , v.11, p.7943 - 7953.

13. Gatti, L. V.; Miller, J. B.; Damelio, M. T. S.; Martinewski, A.; Basso, L. S.; Gloor, M. E.; Wofsy, S.; Tans, P. Vertical profiles of CO2 above eastern Amazonia suggest a net carbon flux to the atmosphere and balanced biosphere between 2000 and 2009. Tellus. Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology. Fator de Impacto(2015 JCR): 2,4020, v.62, p.581 - 594, 2010.

14. Bergamaschi, Peter; Frankenberg, Christian; Meirink, Jan Fokke; Krol, Maarten; Villani, M. Gabriella; Houweling, Sander; Dentener, Frank; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Miller, John B.; Gatti, Luciana V.; Engel, Andreas; Levin, Ingeborg, Inverse modeling of global and regional CH 4 emissions using SCIAMACHY satellite retrievals . Journal of Geophysical Research. Fator de Impacto(2015 JCR): 3,3180, v.114, p.D22301 - , 2009.

15. Dlugokencky, E. J.; Bruhwiler, L.; White, J. W. C.; Emmons, L. K.; Novelli, P. C.; Montzka, S. A.; Masarie, K. A.; Lang, P. M.; Crotwell, A. M.; Miller, J. B.; GATTI, L. V., Observational constraints on recent increases in the atmospheric CH burden. Geophysical Research Letters. Fator de Impacto(2015 JCR): 4,2120, v.36, p.L18803 - , 2009.

16. D’Amelio, M. T. S.; Gatti, Luciana V.; Miller, J.; Tans, P., Regional N2O fluxes in Amazonia derived from aircraft vertical profiles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v.9, p.8785 - 8797, 2009.

17. Meirink, Jan Fokke; Bergamaschi, Peter; Frankenberg, Christian; d'Amelio, Monica T. S.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Gatti, L. V.; Houweling, Sander; Miller, John B.; Röckmann, Thomas; Villani, M. Gabriella; Krol, Maarten C., Four-dimensional variational data assimilation for inverse modeling of atmospheric methane emissions: Analysis of SCIAMACHY observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, v.113, p.D17301 - , 2008.

18. Miller, J. B.; Gatti, L. V.; D’Amelio, M. T. S.; Crotwell, Andrew M.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Bakwin, P.; Artaxo, P; Tans, Pieter P. Airborne measurements indicate large methane emissions from the eastern Amazon basin. Geophysical Research Letters. Fator de Impacto(2015 JCR): 4,2120, v.34, p.L10809 - , 2007.

Objetivo Futuro do LaGEE

- Ampliar os parametros estudados: CO2, CH4, N2O, CO e SF6 para medidas de isotopos de 13C e 17O e COS (traçador de Fotossintese).

- Construção da Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento de GEE que integre medidas em torres, aviao e frascos na costa brasileira.