Laduma: Soccer, Politics and Society in South Africa, from its Origins to 2010

8/9/2019 Laduma: Soccer, Politics and Society in South Africa, from its Origins to 2010

1/17

g


2/17

gg

Kjmsoj*Vaffct+ Rakg}gfv jem Vafgc}w ge Vas}l Jitgfj+

itao g}v Atgngev }a 42:2

RC]CT JKCNG


3/17

ggg

Fae}ce}v

Ojrv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%itae}gvrgcfc Kgv} ai Gkksv}tj}gaev%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Rtcijfc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Iatc~atm dw Ojth Nkccvae %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Jfhea~kcmncoce}v %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Jddtcygj}gaev Svcm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Ge}tamsf}gae %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Vrat} jem kcgvstc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Jitgfjegvj}gae ai vaffct%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Mcigeg}gaev ai ncemct jem ojvfskgeg}w%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fljr}ct as}kgec %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Fljr}ct : Vas}l Jitgfje J}lkc}gf ]tjmg}gaev %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Jntjtgje }tjmg}gaev ai rlwvgfjk rta~cvv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Was}lv vrat}0 V}gfh ignl}gen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Ocev vrat}0 Fj}}kc tjgmgen+ tjfgen+ jem lse}gen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Tg}sjk jem faorc}g}gyc mjefgen %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Fljr}ct 4 ]lc Atgngev ai Fakaegjk Iaa}djkk %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%:3]lc mcfkgec ai vaffct jem tgvc ai tsndw joaen ~lg}cv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc tgvc ai vaffctv rarskjtg}w joaen dkjfhv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Fljr}ct 6 Iat }lc Kayc ai }lc Njoc0 Mstdje Iaa}djkk+ f% :7:262v %%%%%%%%%%%Hlak~j dcngeegenv%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Dsgkmgen j fg}w iaa}djkk jvvafgj}gae %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Itao ntavv ecnkcf} }a dcecyakce} rj}ctejkgvo%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fkjvv mwejogfv jem }tjeviatoj}gaev ge ojvfskgeg}w%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc MMJIJ vsiictv j vc}djfh %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Fljr}ct = J Oatjkc jem Rtamsf}gae Daav}ct0 Iaa}djkk ae }lc^g}~j}ctvtjem

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Kcjnscv jem faorc}g}gaev ae }lc nakm ogecv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc rakg}gfv ai tjfc jem kcgvstc%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Fljr}ct 3 Vljrgen Faooae Vafgjk Daemv0 ]lc Jitgfjegvj}gae ai Iaa}djkk %%%% =7Tckgngasv vrcfgjkgv}v jem ojngf %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Tg}sjkv ai vrcf}j}atvlgr%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Faorc}g}gae jem fjojtjmctgc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fljengen }jf}gfv jem gemgnceasv rkjwgen v}wkcv%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


4/17

gy

Ojtjdg iaa}djkk %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Oa}lct~ckk jv j ]jwkatgv} ncetc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Vaffct+ dkjfh rakg}gfv+ jem vafgjk fljenc%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Fljr}ct 9 ]lc atkm }lc Rgtj}cv Ojmc0 Iaa}djkk jem Vafgc}w ge Atkjema+Va~c}a %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Itao Atkjema Dawv Fksd }a Rgtj}cv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Daemv ai dta}lctlaam jem }lc rtjw/jem/rkjw c}lav %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Rgtj}cvv rkjwgen v}wkc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

J zscv} iat js}aeaow jem vrjfc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc oayc }a @JIJv Dje}s Vrat}v Fksd %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc tgvc ai Oatahj V~jkka~v %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Fljr}ct > ]lc Ijdskasv Mcfjmc10 Ce}ct}jgeoce}+ Ce}tcrtcecstvlgr jemEj}gaejkgvo ge }lc :732v %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fljkkcengen jrjt}lcgm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc v}tsnnkc iat vrat} vrjfc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Mstdje Dsvl Dsfhv0 J rjtjkkck ~g}l Atkjema Rgtj}cv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Vrat} jem ce}tcrtcecstvlgr %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%En~cewjv rj}taejnc ojflgec %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Iatcgne }astv0 Ej}jk vaffct gv ea~ }lc fase}twv vla~/rgcfc%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc mcogvc ai }lc MMJIJ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Iaa}djkk jftavv }lc tjfgjk mgygmc%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Ge}ct/tjfgjkgvo jem fljencv ae }lc rkjwgen igckmv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Fljr}ct < Ea Jrjt}lcgm Lctc0 Je}g/tjfgvo jem Rtaicvvgaejk Iaa}djkk ge}lc :792v %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc ge}ctej}gaejk rakg}gfv ai iaa}djkk %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc Vas}l Jitgfje naycteoce}v tcvraevc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc iatoj}gae ai }lc Rcarkcv Kcjnsc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc Kcjnscv cjtkw vsffcvv%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Cjtkw vfgce}gigf iaa}djkk jem }lc dkjfh ~athgen/fkjvv v}tcc} njoc %%%%%%%%%%]lc vafgjdgkg}w jem mcoaftjfw ai vsrrat}ctv fksdv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Ta~mw ojvfskgeg}w %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc v}tjenskj}gae ai }lc VJVK %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Fljr}ct 7 Je Ctj ai Fljenc0 Tjfc+ Ra~ct jem Dsvgecvv+ :7>:42:2 %%%%%%%%%%%Tcyg}jkgvj}gae ciiat}v0 :799>:%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Og|cm vaffct cemstcv0 ]lc Icmctj}gae Rtaicvvgaejk Kcjnsc %%%%%%%%%%%%%%]lc Fjv}kc Kcjnsc jem osk}g/ej}gaejkgvo%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Ji}ct Va~c}a0 ]ar/ma~e ge}cntj}gae jem }lc }ckcygvgae tcyaks}gae %%%%%%%%%%]lc EVK+ seg}w jem }lc cem ai jrjt}lcgm %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Tajm }a }lc 42:2 atkm Fsr ge Vas}l Jitgfj%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Jrrcemg|0 Vflakjtkw Faevgmctj}gaev jem Vastfcv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Ea}cv %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Vckcf} Dgdkgantjrlw %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Gemc| %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


5/17

Ge}tamsf}gae :

Ge}tamsf}gae

:

^ lce Kjmsoj* + }lc igtv} daah ae Vas}l Jitgfje vaffct dw j rtaicvvgaejklgv}atgje+ ~jv atgngejkkw rsdkgvlcm ge 422= }lc lav}gen tgnl}v }a }lc 42:2

âtkm Fsr ljm ea} wc} dcce j~jtmcm }a Vas}l Jitgfj% Ae :3 Ojw 422=+ G iasemowvcki ge Va~c}a ge j fta~m ai }lasvjemv j} Oaiaka Rjth j~jg}gen IGIJv mcfgvgaejdas} 42:2 ge itae} ai j dgn vftcce% Oaoce}v dciatc }lc jeeasefcoce}+ j tcyctcemjrrcjtcm ae v}jnc jem vakcoekw jvhcm sv }a lakm ljemv jv gi j} j tckgngasv tcygyjk jem}lce kcm sv ge j rtjwct cvvce}gjkkw jvhgen Nam }a dtgen }lc âtkm Fsr }a Vas}l

Jitgfj% Aefc Eckvae Ojemckj ljm }jhce lgv vcj} ge }lc itae} ta~ ge }lc Pstgflfaeictcefc ljkk+ IGIJ Rtcvgmce} @avcrl Vcrr Dkj}}ct jrrcjtcm ae }lc vftccefks}flgen j vcjkcm ceyckarc% ^c lckm ast fakkcf}gyc dtcj}l% ^lce Dkj}}ct rskkcmVas}l Jitgfjv ejoc as} ai }lc ceyckarc ~c c|rkamcm ge }lsemctasv àw% G} ~jv jv gi Vas}l Jitgfj ljm ~ae ea} `sv} }lc lav}gen tgnl}v }a }lc }astejoce}+ ds} }lc âtkmFsr g}vcki* Ojemckj ~cr} }cjtv ai àw jem }akm }lc ocmgj0 G icck kghc j daw ai igi}ccOgkkgaev ai Vas}l Jitgfjev itao jkk djfhntasemv fckcdtj}cm tjsfasvkw jtasem }lcfase}tw j vrae}jecasv ctsr}gae ai fakkcf}gyc coa}gae tjtckw vcce ge }lgv fase}tw% J oje ec|} }a oc vftcjocm0 ]lgv gv dgnnct }lje }lc ckcf}gaev* Vg| wcjtv kj}ct+ ae }lccyc ai }lgv c|}tjatmgejtw nkadjk cyce}+ g} vccov jrrtartgj}c }a tcygvg} }lc rtaiasemkw ocjegenisk jem oaygen v}atgcv }akm geKjmsoj* jem }a aiict j tcygvcm jem vkgnl}kw c|rjemcm cmg}gae%

]lc kj}c Mceegv Dts}sv+ rac}+ jf}gygv} jem iasemct ai }lc je}g/jrjt}lcgm vrat}oaycoce}+ aefc mcvftgdcm Vas}l Jitgfj jv }lc oav} vrat}v/ojm fase}tw ge }lc

~atkm+ jem ea vrat} ljv dcce ~j}flcm+ rkjwcm+ jem mgvfsvvcm oatc }lje iaa}djkk%:Tcfanegvgen }lj} ogkkgaev ai Vas}l Jitgfjev jtc fjr}gyj}cm dw }lc njoc+ EckvaeOjemckj j}}cemcm j oj}fl dc}~cce Vas}l Jitgfj jem Pjodgj j} j vakm/as} Ckkgv Rjth v}jmgso ge @aljeecvdstn `sv} lastv ji}ct lgv rtcvgmce}gjk gejsnstj}gae ae :2 Ojw :77=% Vgefc }lj} icv}gyc ji}cteaae+ }lc ej}gaejk }cjo+ hea~e jvDjijej Djijej,]lc Dawv ge Psks jem \lavj'+ ljv c|rctgcefcm srv jem ma~ev+ ~geegen }lc :779

Jitgfje Fsr ai Ej}gaev jem zsjkgiwgen iat }lc âtkm Fsr igejkv ge :77< jem 4224dciatc ce}ctgen j rctgam ai semctjflgcycoce} jem ocmgaftg}w ge }lc igtv} mcfjmc ai }lc }~ce}w/igtv} fce}stw%

]lc vgnegigfjefc ai }lc njoc ge dkjfh 4 vafgjk kgic gv ea} j tcfce} rlceaoceae+ jv}lc gortcvvgyc nta~}l ayct }goc ai Vas}l Jitgfje iaa}djkk fkcjtkw mcoaev}tj}cv% Iat


6/17

4 Kjmsoj*

Kgic gv ntcj}%

M j y

g m N a

k m d k j } }

c|jorkc+ }lc esodct ai Jitgfje iaa}djkk }cjov ge Mstdje geftcjvcm itao ic~ct }lje:2 ge :7:9 }a => ~g}l oatc }lje : 322 rkjwctv ge :763+ jem }a 49= ~g}l j} kcjv}3 222 rkjwctv ge :737%6 J vgogkjt rj}}cte seiakmcm ge @aljeecvdstn mstgen }lcvjoc rctgam0 itao :4 }cjov ge :7:> }a oatc }lje 462 }cjov ~g}l = 222 }a 3 222rkjwctv ge :767+ jem ecjtkw 922 }cjov ~g}l jdas} :2 222 rkjwctv ge :737%= ]lc}a}jk esodct ai tcngv}ctcm rkjwctv tcjflcm :%< ogkkgae ge 422= jv iaa}djkkv lsncrarskjtg}w joaen dkjfh Vas}l Jitgfjev v}goskj}cm sertcfcmce}cm igejefgjk geycv}oce}vge }lc rtaicvvgaejk njoc% Fatratj}c vraevatvlgrv jem vjkc ai }ckcygvgae tgnl}v tavcitao T:3 ogkkgae ge :779 }a T>2 ogkkgae ge :77


7/17

Ge}tamsf}gae 6

atnjegvj}gaev%Kjmsoj* gv yjksjdkc jem tckcyje} ge g}v a~e tgnl}0 iaa}djkk oj}}ctv }a}lc rcarkc% G} fje jkva lckr ncectjk tcjmctv dc}}ct semctv}jem la~ Vas}l Jitgfj ig}vge}a dtajmct rj}}ctev ai }lc ~atkmv tcfce} lgv}atw+ gefksmgen gemsv}tgjkgvj}gfakaegjkgvo+ stdjegvj}gae+ jem v}tsnnkcv iat itccmao+ czsjkg}w jem lsoje tgnl}v% Iatvrcfgjkgv}v+ tcfaev}tsf}gae ai Vas}l Jitgfjev ijyastg}c vrat} vlcmv kgnl} ae jvrcf}v ai }lc fase}twv vafgjk jem rakg}gfjk lgv}atw%

]lc njoc seg}cv ~lgkc g} mgygmcv+ j rjtjma| j} }lc lcjt} ai }lc nkadjk njocvlgv}atw+ fsk}stc+ jem rarskjtg}w% Iaa}djkkv gorjf} ae ge}ctejk mgygvgaev ge Jitgffaooseg}gcv jem ae gemgygmsjk jem fakkcf}gyc gmce}g}gcv jtc j fce}tjk faefcteai Kjmsoj* 9 ]lc vafgjdgkg}w ai }cjov+ kcjnscv+ jem vsrrat}ctv ntasrv ntje}cm}coratjtw tckgci itao rakgfc ljtjvvoce} jem ntgemgen rayct}w% Vaffct vljrcm la~

rcarkc vj~ }lcovckycv+ cjfl a}lct+ jem }lcovckycv ge tckj}gae }a cjfl a}lct%Iaa}djkkv corljvgv ae rlwvgfjk }asnlecvv+ vhgkk+ jem fastjnc cejdkcm rtc/fakaegjkojt}gjk jem j}lkc}gf ojvfskgeg}gcv semctogecm dw fakaegjk faezscv} }a tc/coctnc geje stdje gemsv}tgjk fae}c|}% Iaa}djkk geikscefcm rctvaejk mcyckaroce} jem ocevfaefcr}gaev ai vcki% G} iav}ctcm itgcemvlgrv jem fjojtjmctgc joaen }cjo ocodctvjem ijev% Ojew oa}lctv jem ~gycv vsrrat}cm }lc ciiat}v ai }lcgt vaev jem lsvdjemv

~g}l }lcgt kjdast jem oatjk cefastjncoce}% Oatcayct+ oj}flcv ~ctc je arrat}seg}w iat wasenct+ seojttgcm ~aoce }a ljyc ise jem vafgjkgvc ~g}l oce+ ~lgkc a}lct

~aoce vakm kgzsat jem yjtgasv naamv }a vrcf}j}atv% ^aoce dcfjoc oatc jf}gyckw geyakycm ge iaa}djkk ge }lc :792v+ j}}cemgen oj}flcv ge ntcj}ct esodctv jem }jhgenkcjmgen takcv ge vsrrat}ctv atnjegvj}gaev% ]lc :7>2v ~g}ecvvcm }lc coctncefc ai atnjegvcm ~aocev vaffct%

Vaffct ftcj}cm daemv ai vakgmjtg}w }lj} gevrgtcm fakkcf}gyc jf}gae% Jv ~c vljkk v}lc njoc vrjthcm }cevgaev jem igctfc tgyjktgcv jv ~ckk+ ds} ge }~ce}gc}l/fce}stw Vas}l Jitgfj }lc vgnegigfjefc ai iaa}djkk kjw ge g}v isef}gae jv j iato ai cyctwmjw tcvgv}jefc }a ~lg}c maogej}gae jem jv j oadgkgvgen iatfc iat kgdctj}gae oaycoce}v%Iaa}djkk fksdv c|rtcvvcm v}tcc}+ ecgnldastlaam+ jem }a~evlgr gmce}g}gcv jv ~ckk j}cttg}atgjk tgyjktgcv ai}ce kgehcm }a }lc jf}gyg}gcv ai njenv jem ogntje} ~athctvjvvafgj}gaev%> Jf}gygv}v jem eae/jf}gygv}v jkghc tcfanegvcm iaa}djkkv ojnec}gf j}}tjf}gjoaen atmgejtw ~athgen rcarkc8 ojew ai }lco ce`awcm rkjwgen jem ~j}flgen }lcnjoc jem svcm g} }a dsgkm rj}taejnc ec}~athv jem jkkgjefcv+ jv ~ckk jv }a kcng}gogv}lcgt jf}gyg}gcv j} }lc ntjvvtaa}v kcyck% Ji}ct }lc tgvc ai jrjt}lcgm ge :7=< }lccoctnce} vrat} dawfa}} oaycoce} }lj} rkjwcm je gorat}je} takc ge }lc v}tsnnkc iatitccmao jem mcoaftjfw fjoc }a tckw lcjygkw ae }lc vsrrat} ai iaa}djkk rkjwctv+ ijev+jem atnjegvj}gaev% Vas}l Jitgfjv vsvrcevgae itao IGIJ ge :79: ~jv aec ai }lccjtkgcv} ge}ctej}gaejk gemgf}oce}v ai jrjt}lcgm jem j vgnegigfje} ygf}atw ge }lc lgv}atai }lc dtajmct kgdctj}gae v}tsnnkc%

Kjmsoj* dtcjhv ec~ ntasem }ltasnl g}v c|jogej}gae ai }lc lgv}atgfjk rtafcvv ai }lc Jitgfjegvj}gae at yctejfskjtgvj}gae ai Dtg}gvl iaa}djkk+ }lsv ftcj}gen je arrat}seg}w }a jvvcvv }lc c|}ce} }a ~lgfl dkjfh Vas}l Jitgfjev vljrcm }lcgt a~e vrat}gen jemkcgvstc lgv}atw% ^lgkc }lc ge}ctcv}v jem jf}gaev ai kafjk jem ej}gaejk naycteoce}v+


8/17

= Kjmsoj*

~lg}c lsojeg}jtgjev+ jem rtgyj}c faorjegcv jtc ai faevgmctjdkc gorat}jefc+ }lcojge iafsv lctc gv ae Jitgfje ~athctv+ ce}tcrtcecstv+ jem rakg}gfjk kcjmctv% Jitgfjev

~ctc ea} rjvvgyc msrcv ge }lcgt jffcr}jefc ai oamcte vrat}% ]lc njoc ~jv ise+gec|rcevgyc+ jem tckj}gyckw cjvw }a rkjw% Ist}lctoatc+ ftsfgjk fsk}stjk fae}gesg}gckgehcm }tjmg}gaejk jem oamcte vrat}% Cemstgen yjkscv ai rlwvgfjk rta~cvv+ jvvct}gojvfskgeg}w+ }lcj}tgfjk rctiatojefc+ jem ojt}gjk faorc}g}gae+ jv ~ckk jv }lc geisvgaeai ojngfjk rtcrjtj}atw tg}sjkv jem }lc vrcf}j}atv rtjf}gfc ai rtjgvc/ejogen+mcoaev}tj}c }lc rtcvcefc ai jntjtgje geikscefcv ge}a je stdje fsk}stjk iato ai }lcgemsv}tgjk ctj%

]lc mcyckaroce} ai mgv}gef}gyc rkjwgen v}wkcv jem }lc tgvc ai }lc dkjfh rtcvvrtaygmcm jmmg}gaejk cygmcefc jdas} }lc Jitgfjegvj}gae ai }lc njoc jem }lc tcjvaev

iat g}v nta~gen rarskjtg}w ayct }goc% Mgiictce} ~jwv ai rkjwgen jem c|rjemgenfayctjnc ge mjgkw jem ~cchkw ec~vrjrctv jem ojnjpgecv ge}cevgigcm }lc c|fg}coce}+ftcj}cm rarskjt mgvfastvc jem ncectj}cm coa}gaejk j}}jfloce}% ]lc ge}tgevgf yjkscai iaa}djkk fjeea} dc mgvfase}cm% ]lc njocv fae}gesasv ika~ jem tlw}lo+faodgej}gae ai gemgygmsjk itccmao jem fakkcf}gyc }jf}gfv+ g}v tg}sjk jvrcf}v jesertcmgf}jdgkg}w rtaygmcm flctgvlcm ce}ct}jgeoce} jem c|fg}coce} as}vgmc mjgk

~ath tas}gecv ,gefksmgen }tjyck jem ec~ jmyce}stcv'% ]lc octg}aftj}gf rtgefgrkcv srae ~lgfl vrat} gv rtcmgfj}cm lckrcm }a }tjeviato iaa}djkk ge}a j igckm ai jf}gae ~lctc

dkjfh Vas}l Jitgfjev rstvscm jem ojge}jgecm vafgjk ygvgdgkg}w+ laeast+ jem rtcv}gnc%Iaa}djkk fksdv+ fae}cv}v+ jem atnjegvj}gaev cejdkcm rcarkc mcegcm djvgf rakg}gjem lsoje tgnl}v }a jmjr} }a gemsv}tgjk faemg}gaev+ farc ~g}l stdje ogntj}gae+jem dsgkm jk}ctej}gyc gev}g}s}gaev jem ec}~athv ae j kafjk+ tcngaejk+ jem ej}gaevfjkc%

]lgv daah gv mgygmcm ge}a egec ejttj}gyc fljr}ctv jttjencm fltaeakangfjkkw%Fljr}ct : kaahv j} gemgnceasv vrat} jem faorc}g}gae ge rtc/fakaegjk }gocv% G}gkksv}tj}cv la~ v}gfh/ignl}gen+ fj}}kc tjgmgen+ tjfgen jem lse}gen+ jv ~ckk jv mjefg}tjmg}gaev rtgat }a Dtg}jgev egec}cce}l/fce}stw gorctgjk c|rjevgae geikscefcm gevrcfgigf ~jwv }lc tjrgm mgiisvgae ai iaa}djkk joaen Jitgfje ~athctv+ }tjmctv+ jemv}smce}v mstgen }lc gemsv}tgjk rctgam% Fljr}ct 4 fljt}v }lc atgngev ai fakaegjkiaa}djkk ge Vas}l Jitgfj% Dtg}gvl gmcjv jdas} tjfc+ fkjvv+ ncemct+ jem corgtc mtay}lgv rtafcvv+ ~lgfl kcm }a }lc jrrtartgj}gae ai tsndw jem ftgfhc} dw ~lg}cv+ jemiaa}djkk jem da|gen dw dkjfhv% Fljr}ct 6 iafsvcv ae }lc cjtkw mcyckaroce} ai }lcigtv} oc}tarakg}je Jitgfje iaa}djkk jvvafgj}gae }lc Mstdje jem Mgv}tgf} JitgfjeIaa}djkk Jvvafgj}gae mstgen }lc ge}ct/~jt rctgam% G} mgvfsvvcv ojvfskgeg}w+ fjem ncectj}gaejk mwejogfv+ jv ~ckk jv v}tsnnkcv ayct vrjfc% Fljr}ct = vlgi}v }lcvra}kgnl} }a @aljeecvdstn ge }lc :762v+ ge rjt}gfskjt+ kaahgen j} iaa}djkk ae }lc nakmogecv% G} jkva c|rkatcv }lc gorjf} ai }lc v}j}c jem rlgkje}ltargf atnjegvj}gaev aeda}l }lc c|rjevgae ai }lc njoc jem }lc faefcr}sjkgvj}gae jem svc ai kcgvstc }goc%

Fljr}ct 3 iafsvcv ae yjtgasv jvrcf}v ai }lc Jitgfjegvj}gae ai iaa}djkk }ltasnl }lcgeftcjvgen takc ai tckgngasv vrcfgjkgv}v jem ojngf+ tg}sjkv ai vrcf}j}atvlgr+ gefksmgegfhejogen+ jv ~ckk jv }lc coctncefc ai mgiictce} v}wkcv ai rkjw% Fljr}ct 9 lgnlkgnl}v


9/17

Ge}tamsf}gae 3

E j

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k K g d t j t w a

i V a s

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Vaffct j} Kjenj V}jmgso ,43 Eaycodct :7>4'%

}lc gorat}je} takc ai iaa}djkk fksdv ge mcigegen jem fcoce}gen ecgnldastlaam jem}a~evlgr gmce}g}gcv jem daemv% J fjvc v}smw ai }lc Atkjema Rgtj}cv Iaa}djkk Fksvla~v }lc ftcj}gae ai j vafgjk gev}g}s}gae nsgmcm dw j rtjw/jem/rkjw c}lav+ itj}ctejkvakgmjtg}w+ jem fgygf tcvraevgdgkg}w% V}giicegen faorc}g}gae+ ncectj}gaejk }cjem rctvgv}ce} v}tsnnkcv iat jffcvv }a rkjwgen ntasemv mccrkw jiicf}cm j fksd }twgen

vstygyc ge }lc ogmv} ai mtjoj}gf vlgi}v ge }lc vafgjk+ cfaeaogf+ jem rakg}gfjkfaemg}gaev ai rav}/~jt Vas}l Jitgfj% Fljr}ct > c|rkatcv }~a }lcocv ge }lc igtv}mcfjmc ai jrjt}lcgm0 }lc mgtcf} faeecf}gaev dc}~cce iaa}djkk jem nta~gen arravg}gae}a jrjt}lcgm jem }lc tckj}gaevlgr dc}~cce vrat} jem ce}tcrtcecstvlgr% Fljr}ct

FLJR]CT :

Vas}l Jitgfje J}lkc}gf ]tjmg}gaev

]ltasnlas} rtc/fakaegjk Jitgfj+ tg}sjkgv}gf mjefcv jem njocv ~ctc kaenrctiatocm ~g}l j vctgasvecvv jhge }a vrat} ge oamcte gemsv}tgjk vafgc}gcv+jem iat rstravcv ea} jk}anc}lct mgiictce}0 }lc v}tgygen iat v}j}sv+ }lcjvvct}gae ai gmce}g}w+ }lc ojge}cejefc ai ra~ct ge aec iato at jea}lct+ jem}lc gemaf}tgej}gae ai was}l ge}a }lc fsk}stc ai }lcgt ckmctv%:

Ge lgv js}adgantjrlw+ Kaen ^jkh }a Itccmao+ iatoct Vas}l Jitgfje rtcvgmce}

Eckvae Ojemckj lgnlkgnl}cm }lc takc ai j}lkc}gfgvo ge \lavj ojkc was}l fsk}stc% Jv j was}l ge tstjk ]tjevhcg+ Ojemckj ljm ea lgnlct jodg}gae }lje }a cj} ~ckk jemdcfaoc j fljorgae v}gfh/ignl}ct%4 Itao je cjtkw jnc+ G vrce} oav} ai ow itcc }gocge }lc yckm rkjwgen jem ignl}gen ~g}l }lc a}lct dawv ai }lc ygkkjnc+ Ojemckj vjgm%kcjtecm }a v}gfh/ignl} cvvce}gjk hea~kcmnc }a jew tstjk Jitgfje daw jem dcfjocjmcr} j} g}v yjtgasv }cflegzscv+ rjttwgen dka~v+ icge}gen ge aec mgtcf}gae jemv}tghgen ge jea}lct+ dtcjhgen j~jw itao je arraece} ~g}l zsgfh iaa}~ath%6

Je jrrtcfgj}gae ai rlwvgfjk faorc}g}gae jem }lc mcyckaroce} ai vrcfgjkhgec}gf vhgkkv rtcrjtcm Ojemckj iat lgv cefase}ct ~g}l oamcte vrat}+ gefksmgenvaffct+ j} Cjv}cte Fjrc ogvvgae vflaakv% Lgv was}lisk rjvvgae iat v}gfh ignl}genkj}ct iasem je as}kc} ge da|gen% Ojemckj iasnl} ge }lc lcjyw~cgnl} mgygvgae ji}ctogntj}gen }a @aljeecvdstn ge }lc cjtkw :7=2v% G ecyct mgm jew tcjk ignl}gen ji}ct ce}ctcm rakg}gfv% Ow ojge ge}ctcv} ~jv ge }tjgegen+ Ojemckj tcocodctcm% iasem }lc tgnatasv c|ctfgvc }a dc je c|fckkce} as}kc} iat }cevgae jem v}tcvv% Ji}ct jv}tcesasv ~athas}+ G ick} da}l oce}jkkw jem rlwvgfjkkw kgnl}ct% G} ~jv j ~jw kavgen owvcki ge vaoc}lgen }lj} ~jv ea} }lc v}tsnnkc% Ji}ct je cycegenv ~athas} G

~askm ~jhc sr }lc ec|} oategen icckgen v}taen jem tcitcvlcm+ tcjmw }a }jhc sr}lc ignl} jnjge%=

Ojemckjv }tjevg}gae itao tstjk v}gfh ignl}gen }a stdje da|gen fjr}stcv la~ jntjtgje ea}gaev ai rlwvgfjk rta~cvv+ ojvfskgec gmce}g}w+ }lcj}tgfjk rctiatojefc+jem ojt}gjk faorc}g}gae cemstcm ge oamcte vrat}% ]lcvc fsk}stjk tcvgmsjkv iasemge da|gen+ iaa}djkk+ j}lkc}gfv jem+ }a j kcvvct c|}ce}+ tsndw jem ftgfhc}+ kgehcm jem rtcvce} ge }lc vcfaem ljki ai }lc egec}cce}l fce}stw% Ge ogvvgae vflaakv+ ogecv+

>


11/17

< Kjmsoj*

jem fg}gcv+ dkjfh Vas}l Jitgfjev+ ijvfgej}cm dw }lc fsk}stjk rtjf}gfcv ai }lc fakaegvctvjem jdkc }a mtj~ itao cv}jdkgvlcm jntjtgje vrat}gen }tjmg}gaev+ jmar}cm oamctevrat}%

Wasen hlak~j ,Fltgv}gje' Jitgfje oce ~la ogntj}cm }a }lc ec~ ogegen fce}tcvai Hgodctkcw jem @aljeecvdstn ge vcjtfl ai ~jnc corkawoce} svcm vrat} }a rtayc}lcgt fjrjfg}w }a jvvgogkj}c Ygf}atgje ~jwv jem }a mgv}gensgvl }lcovckycv itao }lcka~ct tjehv ai }lc Jitgfje rarskj}gae% 3 J} }lgv }goc+ tstjk ogntje} ~athctv jkvadcfjoc ge}ctcv}cm ge oamcte vrat}% Ds}+ geg}gjkkw+ }lc }coratjtw ej}stc ai ogntje}kjdast fae}tjf}v jem wasen tstjk ocev ka~ v}j}sv ge j eca/gemsv}tgjk vafgc}w kcmoav} Jitgfjev }a tg}sjkv ai vrcf}j}atvlgr tj}lct }lje ocodctvlgr ge vrat}gen fksdvjem faorc}g}gaev%

JNTJTGJE ]TJMG]GAEV AI RLWVGFJK RTA^CVV

Ge }lc rtc/fakaegjk rctgam+ rj}tgjtfljk Vas}l Jitgfje vafgc}gcv mcyckarcm ncemct/jem jnc/djvcm j}lkc}gf fae}cv}v jem tcftcj}gaev% Geg}gj}gaev+ ~cmmgenv+ isectjkvkcvv iatojk vafgjk nj}lctgenv ,svsjkkw tse dw }lc was}l' rtcvce}cm je arrat}seg}w iatrsdkgf vrcf}jfkcv ai rlwvgfjk rta~cvv joaen }lc Enseg ,Psks+ \lavj+ V~jpg+Emcdckc' jem Va}la/]v~jej+ }lc }~a ojge ntasrv cjfl vljtgen j vgogkjt vafgjkatnjegvj}gae+ mgygvgae ai kjdast+ jem fkavckw tckj}cm kjensjncv%9

As}maat vrat} ~jv kjtnckw+ jk}lasnl ecyct c|fksvgyckw+ }lc maojge ai dawv jemwasen oce ,geg}gj}cm ds} seojttgcm'%> V}gfh ignl}gen+ lse}gen+ faorc}g}gycmjefgen+ iaa} tjfcv+ jem fj}}kc tjfgen mcyckarcm rlwvgfjk v}tcen}l+ laecm damgkoaycoce}v+ ijfgkg}j}cm faorc}g}gae jem ftcj}gyg}w+ jem fjkkcm srae fakkcf}gysemctv}jemgenv eccmcm iat faodj}+ lse}gen njoc+ jem lctmgen jem tjgmgen fj}}kc% ]lgv jntjtgje }tjmg}gae ai gemcrcemce} kcgvstcfae}gescm ji}ct }lc iatoj}gae ai iaa}djkk fksdv jem kcjnscv ge }lc gemsv}tgjk ctj+ jrtafcvv }lj} tcycjkv la~ js}aeaow gv ftsfgjk }a }lc mcigeg}gae ai kcgvstc ge }lc

Jitgfje fae}c|}%:< Tstjk gvakj}gae jem faevfgasv j}}cor}v }a ojge}jge }tjmg}gaejkfsk}stjk gev}g}s}gaev jem rtjf}gfcv ge }lc ]tjevhcg vj~ v}gfh ignl}gen cemstc jv }lc


13/17

:2 Kjmsoj*

maogeje} was}l vrat} se}gk tcfce}kw% Tcvcjtfl ljv vla~e }lj} v}gfh/ignl}gen}tjmg}gaejkgv} was}l jvvafgj}gaev djvcm ae kafjkg}w tcojgecm j oj`at icj}stc ai tstjkkgic ge }lc ]tjevhcg jem Fgvhcg j} kcjv} }gkk }lc :792v jem rkjwcm j fce}tjk takc ge }lvafgjkgpj}gae ai was}lv sr }a ojttgjnc%:7 Cyce ji}ct iaa}djkk tcrkjfcm v}gfh ignl}genjv }lc oav} rarskjt vrat} ge }lc Cjv}cte Fjrc ge }lc :7>2v+ }lc atnjegvj}gae ai }cjov tcojgecm taa}cm ge }cttg}atw0 ]lc vaffct ojegj ge Vlg|geg X^gkka~yjkcmgv}tgf}+ ]tjevhcg_ gv v}tsf}stcm ge }ctov ai c|gv}gen ecgnldatlaamv+ vsd/~jtmdasemjtgcv+ tgyjktgcv jem jkkgjefcv+ jem ge }lgv ~jw gv tckj}cm }a }lc ~gmct vafgc}wvgogkjt ojeect }a }lc cjtkgct was}l jvvafgj}gaev%42

Ge rtc/fakaegjk }gocv+ v}gfh/ignl}v geyakygen fksv}ctv ai laocv}cjmv+ at mgv}tgmtc~ kjtnc fta~mv jem faskm jiicf} }lc rtcv}gnc ai j ijogkw+ laocv}cjm+ jem jtcj%

Mgv}tgf} ignl}v fakkjrvcm gemgygmsjk jem fakkcf}gyc ge}ctcv}v ge}a aec% Ge Pskskjem+ v}gfh/ignl}v fae}jgecm tgvgen }cevgaev dc}~cce mgv}tgf}v ge }lc ~jhc ai Jenka/Psks ^jt ai :7 jem }lc mgvocodctoce} ai }lc Psks hgenmao ge }lc:


14/17

Vas}l Jitgfje J}lkc}gf ]tjmg}gaev ::

tgngm ~tg}}ce tskcv%4< G} vccov }lj} }lc gmcj ai vrat}gen kj~v jem+ }a j kjtnc c|}ce}+ }lcfamgigfj}gae ai tskcv ~jv ea} ge}tamsfcm dw oamctegvgen Dtg}gvl fakaegvctv%

^g}l jnc+ ncemct gmce}g}gcv+ eatov+ jem c|rcf}j}gaev fljencm% ]lc ojt}gjkojvfskgeg}w ai was}l+ corljvgvgen rlwvgfjk rta~cvv jem v}gfh/ignl}gen vhgkkv+ njy

~jw+ ge gmcjk }ctov+ }a j oj}stc ojvfskgeg}w mcigecm dw tcv}tjge}+ ecna}gj}gae+ atj}atgfjk jdgkg}w+ kcjmctvlgr zsjkg}gcv+ jem hea~kcmnc ai fsv}aojtw kj~%47 ]lc vrat}jem kcgvstc rtjf}gfcv ai wasen oce mgiictcm vgnegigfje}kw itao }lavc ai dawv%

OCEV VRAT]0 FJ]]KC TJGMGEN+ TJFGEN+ JEM LSE]GEN

Joaen }lc og|cm/ijtogen faooseg}gcv ai rtc/fakaegjk vas}lcte Jitgfj fj}}kc/tjgmgen ~jv j ojekw vrat} jem j ~jw ai geftcjvgen aecv ~cjk}l%62 ]lcvc jnntcvvgyciatov ai rkjwisk kcgvstc njyc oce+ cvrcfgjkkw }lavc dc}~cce }lc jncv ai cgnl}cce jem

iat}w+ j fljefc }a jvvct} }lcgt ojelaam+ fae}tgds}c }a laocv}cjm ~cjk}l dw zsgfhkw c|rjemgen }lc ijogkw lctm+ jem ravvgdkw tjgvc }lcgt vafgjk v}j}sv% Gi fjttgcm as} ~gc|fcvvgyc pcjk ,at vsffcvv'+ fj}}kc tjgmv faskm kcjm }a }stoagk+ cyce ygakce} faeikgTjgmgen jem ~jtijtc dcfjoc oatc itczsce} ge }lc cgnl}cce}l fce}stw+ ge}cevgiwgenist}lct mstgen }lc egec}cce}l fce}stw jv j tcvsk} ai vafgjk+ cfaeaogf+ jem rakg}gfjk}tjeviatoj}gaev fjsvcm dw ~lg}c vc}}kcoce} ai }lc ge}ctgat+ kjem kavv+ ceygtaeoce}jkv}tcvv+ fljengen mcoantjrlgfv+ jem Oicfjec srlcjyjkv jem ogntj}gaev%6: Psks jemV~jpgjojds}la ,jnc/tcngoce}v'+ iat gev}jefc+ njgecm j icjtvaoc tcrs}j}gae iat rtc/

mj}atw gefstvgaev dcfjsvc tjgmgen fj}}kc ~jv j rtgojtw isef}gae ai }lcgt vctygfc }akafjk jtgv}aftjfgcv%64Fj}}kcv vgnegigfjefc }a gemgnceasv vrat} ~jv tcikcf}cm ge }lc rarskjtg}w ai

tjfgen% Ge Kcva}la+ tjfgen X~jv_ je akm vrat}% Iatoctkw vrcfgjk a|ce ~ctc tjfcm ayctjtmsasv fastvcv ai ojew ogkcv%66 Joaen }lc \lavj+ tjfgen rtaygmcm da}l tg}sjkjem faorc}g}gyc ce}ct}jgeoce}% ]lc \lavj lgv}atgje @ale Lcemctvae Vanj ,:


15/17

:4 Kjmsoj*

Lse}gen faorkcoce}cm tjgmgen jem tjfgen fj}}kc ge rtc/fakaegjk vrat}gen}tjmg}gaev% Egec}cce}l/fce}stw Cstarcje ogvvgaejtgcv jem }tjyckkctv mcvftgdclse}gen iat da}l vsdvgv}cefc jem kcgvstckw rstravcv joaen \lavj+ Va}la+ jem Psksfaooseg}gcv%6< Je atnjegvcm fakkcf}gyc tcftcj}gaejk ce}ctrtgvc fjttgcm as} dw flgcivjem ,ojkc' faooaectv jkghc+ Psks njoc lse}gen+ iat c|jorkc+ ~jv j vhgkkcmmgvfgrkgec ~g}l }lc hgemv ai ckjdatj}c v}tj}cnw jem }jf}gfv jem rtarg}gj}atw tg}sjjvvafgj}cm ~g}l Psks ogkg}jtw fjorjgnev% ]wrgfjkkw+ oce itao mgiictce} jtcjvntasrcm ge}a faorjegcv , jojygwa' jvvcodkcm j} }lc lav} laocv}cjm% Rjt}gfgrje}vfjkkcm iat jefcv}tjk rta}cf}gae+ mjefcm+ jem tcfg}cm rtjgvc vaenv va jv }a dsgkm j vceai faooae rstravc jem seg}w jlcjm ai }lc fljvc% 67 J%]% Dtwje} mcvftgdcm }lc}jf}gfv ai atnjegvcm lse}gen ge }ctov ai }lc rgefct oaycoce}v ai Psks gorg 0 }lc

lse} ~jv j vwv}coj}gfjkkw jem vfgce}gigfjkkw jttjencm dj}}kc ~g}l }lc dcjv}v+ ~gg}v fce}tjk flcv} ,gvgisdj' jem g}v }~a cefgtfkgen ~genv at latev ,sraema' kghc jejtow ae }lc igckm%=2 ]lc kgeh dc}~cce lse}gen jem ~jtijtc ~jv cyce oatc c|rkgfg} gi }lc oce ~ctc vc}}gen as} }a lse} mjenctasv jegojkv vsfl jv kgae+ kcarjtm+ lgrra/ra}josv+ tlgeafctav+ jem ckcrlje}% Ae vsfl affjvgaev+ g} ~jv tcrat}cm+ j maf}at,gewjenj' ~askm vrtgehkc ocmgfgec ,sos}lg ' ae }lc lse}ctv kgodv+ j rtjf}gfcdatta~cm itao Psks iatfcv rtcrjtj}gaev iat ~jt% =:

]lgv ayctygc~ ai ocev vrat} jem kcgvstc ngycv vaoc gemgfj}gae ai }lc ygdtje}

yctejfskjt njogen }tjmg}gaev iasem ge egec}cce}l/fce}stw Vas}l Jitgfj% ]lc Vas}l Jitgfje fjvc fattadatj}cv }lc faefksvgaev ai vflakjtv @ale Djkc jem @ac Vjen+ ~lajtnscm ge j tcfce} daah jdas} Hcewje j}lkc}gfv }lj} ~lgkc rtc/oamcte Hcewjedamw fsk}stc ljv kg}}kc }a ma ~g}l oamcte j}lkc}gfv % % % gortaycm rctiatojefc jemfaorc}g}gae }~a djvgf gmcakangcv ai oamcte vrat} ~ctc rjt} ai }lc faevfgasvecvvai }tjmg}gaejk Hcewje vafgc}gcv%=4 ]a vlcm ist}lct kgnl} ae la~ jntjtgje vrat}v jem

Jitgfje semctv}jemgenv ai ig}ecvv+ rlwvgfjk faorc}g}gae+ jem gortaycm rctiatojefcijfgkg}j}cm }lc mgiisvgae ai }lc Dtg}gvl c|rat} ai iaa}djkk ge Vas}l Jitgfj+ mjefc osv}dc gefatratj}cm ge}a Vas}l Jitgfje }tjmg}gaejk j}lkc}gfgvo%

TG]SJK JEM FAORC]G]GYC MJEFGEN

J ftcj}gyc+ faoosegfj}gyc fsk}stjk iato geyakygen vhgkisk ljemkgen ai }lc damw+mjefc faskm faodgec jt}+ ce}ct}jgeoce}+ tg}sjk+ jem faorc}g}gae%=6 Vaoc Va}la+

\lavj+ Ycemj+ Psks jem V~jpg mjefctv ~athcm kaen jem ljtm }a gortayc }lcgt rct/iatojefcv% Faorc}g}gaev icj}stgen mgvfgrkgecm }cjo mjefgen }aah rkjfc j} da}lvjftcm jem vcfskjt tg}sjkv+ gefksmgen geg}gj}gaev+ tckgngasv fctcoaegcv+ ~cmmljtycv} icv}gyjkv+ dcct rjt}gcv+ jem rtcrjtj}gaev iat ~jt%==

Djva}la mjefcv vsfl jv }lc mwejogf oaladcka v}wkc tczsgtcm c|}cevgyc rtjf}gfc+rlwvgfjk rta~cvv+ jem fakkcf}gyc fa/atmgej}gae%=3 Mcvftgdcm dw aec vastfc jv jygnatasv ocev mjefc % % % X}lj}_ tczsgtcv j ntcj} mcjk ai cectnw jem cemstjefc }a dmaec ~ckk+oaladcka ~jv }lc oav} j}lkc}gf ai Djva}la mjefcv%=9 G} ~jv rctiatocmmstgen tjge fctcoaegcv dciatc gemsv}tgjkgvj}gae+ ds} ji}ct }lc tgvc ai ogntjefw }a }lcogecv+oaladcka fljencm ge}a j vcfskjt tcftcj}gae%


16/17

Vas}l Jitgfje J}lkc}gf ]tjmg}gaev :6

Mjefgen ~jv j tcnskjt icj}stc ai \lavj vafgjk kgic% ]lc rtgefgrjk fljtjf}ctgv}gfvai \lavj mjefc oaycoce}v ~ctc }lc tjrgm semskj}gae at vljhgen ai }lc }latj| va}lj} }lc ~lakc ai }lc vrgec jrrcjtv }a dc tgrrkgen%=> Oce jem ~aoce ce`awcm }lc}wsksdj+ oaygen ge tgen iatoj}gae+ vgengen jem fkjrrgen+ ~g}l }lc ojge jf}gaedcgen }a v}jem ae }lc }acv jem dcem }lc heccv vkgnl}kw+ }lce jkk ge }goc zsgfhkw dt}lc ~cgnl} ma~e ae }lc lcckv+ aec lcck faogen ma~e vkgnl}kw dciatc }lc a}lct+v}tjgnl}cegen }lc heccv ygnatasvkw jem fjsvgen }lc osvfkcv ai }lc damw }a zsgyct gej ~aemctisk ~jw% ]lc ntcj}ct }lc zsgyctgen }lc ntcj}ct }lc mjefct%= Damw oaycoce}v jkvakgehcm mjefc jem vrat}0 mjefgen ge rtcrjtj}gae iat j rlwvgfjk faeikgf} ljv jvfgce}gigf iasemj}gae jv ma ~jto/sr c|ctfgvcv iat j}lkc}cv rtgat }a j njoc%3

Laduma: Soccer, Politics and Society in South Africa, from its Origins to 2010

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Transcript of Laduma: Soccer, Politics and Society in South Africa, from its Origins to 2010