Labour market: EU versus Japan Bebjaková Silvia Guttmannová Lívia Chupáčová Veronika...
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Transcript of Labour market: EU versus Japan Bebjaková Silvia Guttmannová Lívia Chupáčová Veronika...
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Bebjaková SilviaGuttmannová LíviaChupáčová VeronikaSzabóová SilviaValdner Martin
Labour market: EU versus Japan
EU & Japan
Population of 500 million less than 10%
of the world's population
BUT
EU and Japan comprise, over 40% of its GDP.
Labour market: EU versus Japan
GDP per capita
GDP per capita
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Japan 26027 26632 27196 280162966
4
EU15 24885 25939 26995 276702874
1
Labour market: EU versus Japan
What are the starting points?
• Labour force• Educational attainment• Gender gap• Job tenure
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Gender gap
• No equality• Gender gap index(115 countries):
– Nordic countries: BENCHMARK-rank 1
– Japan: rank 79
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Job tenure
The frequency of changing jobs:
• Europe is around 10.6 years
• 10.9 years in Japan
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Mobility
•Job-to-job mobility•Geographical mobility•Cross-border workers•Foreign language learning•Public attitudes to mobility
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Unemployment definition
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Unemployment comparison
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Unemployment in numbers
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Part-time workers
• For both: number of part-time workers is increasing, majority create women
• Nowadays: EU - 18% of workers, Japan – 24% 35% of employed women in EU, 40% in Japan
• EU-big differences-Greece 4%, Netherlands 56%
• Discussed in EU: labour market flexibility
Conclusion for both countries: employers have the same reasons, non-regular staff will continue to increase in the future
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Part-time workers
Changes in the number and percentage of part-time workers in Japan
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Working hours
• Japan 1947-1988: 48hours/week, 1988-now: 40 hours annualy1954 hours + 171 hours overtime• EU average 38,6 hours, varies from 35 to 40 hours
annually average 1740 hours + overtime info N/A
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Holidays
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Holidays
• Japan 20 days annual paid leave• EU average 26 days
CONSUMED:Japan 8,5 days
EU nearly 26 days
Overtime + 8 days of holidays yearly leads to
K A R O S H I
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Inflow of foreign workers
Categories that gained the work permission in Japan in the year 2005
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Gross statutory minimum wages
($ per hour)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 2000
2005
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Average tax rates for full-time workers at different wage
levels (2005)
minimum
wage
average
wage
minimum
wage
average
wage
Austria 32.7% Italy 27.3%
Belgium 18.8% 41.9% Japan 14.0% 18.5%
Czech Republic 19.3% 24.1% Luxembourg 15.7% 27.3%
Denmark 40.8% Netherlands 23.8% 32.5%
Finland 31.3% Poland 26.7% 31.9%
France 17.6% 29.0% Portugal 11.0% 21.2%
Germany 42.5% Slovak Republic 13.4% 22.1%
Greece 16.0% 23.7% Spain 6.4% 20.2%
Hungary 13.5% 33.7% Sweden 31.3%
Ireland 3.8% 15.3% United Kingdom 11.0% 26.6%
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Relations
• Japan– Labour unions– Consultation systems– Shunto– Individual labour disputes
• Slovakia– Confederation of Trade Unions
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Employment Measures for Older People
JAPAN• Securing Employment for Persons Up
to Age 65 • Assisting and Promoting the
Reemployment of Middle-Aged and Older Workers
• Promoting Diverse Work and Social Participation for the Elderly
Labour market: EU versus Japan
Employment Measures for Persons with Disabilities
• Japan– Legally mandated quota:– Private corporations: 1.8%– Special government corporations: 2.1%– National and local public corporations: 2.1%– Designated school boards: 2.0% – Levies and grants
• Slovakia– 3.2% for those with 20 or more employees– 3 possibilities
Thank you for attention!
Labour market:
vs.