Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from...

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Laboratory Safety

Transcript of Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from...

Page 1: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Laboratory Safety

Page 2: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Why Lab Safety?

• Protect yourself from laboratory hazards

• Protect others from laboratory hazards

• Comply with State and Federal regulations

Page 3: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Laboratory Safety TrainingOverview

• Introduction to the Lab Standard

• Responsibilities

• Protecting yourself from Laboratory hazards

• Toxicity/Compounds of unknown toxicity

• Spills and Spill Response

• Mandatory work practices

Page 4: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Regulations that Affect YouOccupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in

Laboratories

The OSHA Lab Standard (29CFR1910.1450)HAZWOPPER (Chemical Spills)

Hazardous Waste Operations Standard (29CFR1910.120)

Bloodborne Pathogens

(29CFR1910.)

Page 5: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Contents of the Lab StandardScope and Application

Definitions

• Permissible Exposure Determination

• Chemical Hygiene Plan

• Employee Information and Training

• Medical Consultation/Examinations

• Hazard Identification

• Use of Respirators

• Recordkeeping

• Dates

• Appendices

Page 6: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Scope and application of the Lab Standard

• Applies only to laboratories ….… ”workplace where relatively small quantities of chemicals are used on a non-production basis”

• Supercedes for labs, the requirements in 29CFR1910 subpart Z , but requires protection to PEL limits and prohibition of eye and skin contact as specified by other OSHA standards

Page 7: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Permissible Exposure Limitsand Exposure Monitoring

• The employer shall assure that laboratory employees’ exposure to OSHA regulated substances do not exceed the Permissible Exposure Limits set in 29 CFR1910, subpart Z

• Employer must monitor employee’s exposure to substances regulated by an OSHA Standard if there is reason to believe that exposure levels for that substance routinely exceed action levels or PELs.

Page 8: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Employer Responsibilities

• Keep records of employee exposures to regulated hazardous chemicals

• Provide Information and Training• Prepare, implement and maintain a written Chemical

Hygiene Plan (CHP)• Provide Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)• Hazard Identification• Provide for medical consultations\exams• Recordkeeping

Page 9: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Risk Assessment

• As a research scientist, you are responsible for assessing the potential Safety and Environmental hazards presented by your work

• When unusual or uncontrolled hazards may be predicted, you should consult with your supervisor and the Safety and Environmental Departments

Page 10: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

New Equipment PurchaseRisk Assessment for HazardsWhen you contemplate purchasing new equipment for your lab,

pleaseuse the risk assessment guide below to identify potential

hazards.

Do you have space to use this equipment safely? Does this equipment require special ventilation?

Does this equipment contain any radioactive sources or lasers? Are there any special PPE (personal protective equipment)

requirements when using this equipment? Are all points where injury could occur guarded?

Do you require any special heating, cooling or electrical components to use this equipment?

If you have questions regarding hazards you’ve identified, please call Safety.

Page 11: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Chemical Hygiene Plan

• What is a Chemical Hygiene Plan?

• Where can you find it?

• Why is important to you?

Page 12: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Use of Chemicalsand Biological Agents

Know the properties of chemicals and biological agents you use before you use or transport them– Toxicity

– Flammability

– Reactivity/Incompatibilities

– Corrosive

– Unstable

– Radioactive

– Clean up procedures

Page 13: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Where to find information on Chemical Hazards

Where do you look to find information on new chemicals BEFORE you use them?

Books available on Site:

• Merck Index

• Aldrich Catalog

• Prudent Practices in the Laboratory

• Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials

Page 14: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Internet Sources for Chemical Hazard Information

• American Chemical Society (ACS)http://dchas.cehs.siu.edu

• Howard Hughes Institute

• American Biological Safety Association

• National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

• Center for Disease Control (CDC)

Page 15: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

MSDSMaterial Safety Data Sheets

MSDS provide you with the following :

Chemical and Physical properties

Toxicity Information

Computability/Incompatibility

Appropriate spill and fire response

and much more information......................

Page 16: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Chemical Storage– Acids are incompatible with bases, flammable solvents,

oxidizers

– Cyanides should stored separately from acids

– Water reactive materials should be stored separately

– Flammable materials with very low flashpoints should be stored in an explosion proof refrigerator

– Peroxidizable chemicals must be dated when opened, disposed of when required per safety manual.

*Keep on hand only those chemicals that you have room to store properly.*

Page 17: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Chemical Spills Nuisance Spills

• Spills of less than 4 L. of material that you know the hazards of and are comfortable cleaning up

• Assess the hazard

• Wear appropriate PPEIf you are unsure of the hazard of a spill

or need assistance with PPE selection,

call the Safety Office

Page 18: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Chemical Spills Potentially Hazardous Spills

• Spills of – greater than 4L– smaller spills of materials of

• low LD50,

• carcinogens,

• flammable

• unknown toxicity

Page 19: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Emergency Lab Evacuation

In the event of a fire, severe weather emergency or laboratory evacuation

scientists should:• stabilize reactions in progress

• close fume hood sashes

• notify safety if any unusual hazards exist

Page 20: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

HazMat Team

30 Team members, 10 First Responders from Facilities, Engineering, Safety and Scientific Departments

First Responders go to the location of all shower, eyewash, hood and ventilation alarms. They evaluate and decide how to deal with each situation.

Page 21: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Fire Extinguishers in Your Lab

Know where all fireextinguishers are located in your lab

Visually inspect them each time you walk through the lab

are extinguishers in proper location? has extinguisher been discharged?

Call Maintenanceif extinguishers need to be replaced or repaired

Page 22: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Do you know what PPE is appropriate for the work you are doing?

What PPE is provided?• Gloves - rubber, butyl, latex• Eye Protection - glasses, goggles, faceshields• Labcoats, aprons, scrubs• Safety shoes• Respirators

Page 23: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Gloves– select gloves appropriate for the task– check gloves for leaks– double glove if necessary– be alert to unusual sensations in your hands– do not touch your face, telephone, etc with

contaminated gloves– use clean hand / dirty hand technique

Page 24: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Safety Glasses“Eye protection must be worn in any area where there is

the potential for eye injury”

• All eye protection used must be ANSI approved (“Z87” is stamped on the sidebar of ANSI approved eyewear)

• If your prescription glasses are not ANSI approved, you must wear safety glasses, safety goggles or a full face shield over them

Page 25: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Available Eye Protection

• Safety glasses

• Splash goggles

• Full face shields

All are available

• Prescription safety glasses are available by contacting Occupational Health

Page 26: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Respirator UseRespirator Standard 29CFR1910.134

• Required under the Standardexposures exceed the exposure limit

• Required by the Department (Not required under the standard)

• Not Required

Page 27: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Respirator Use when not required by the Standard or the Department

Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly selected and worn.

Voluntary use of disposable respirators is encouraged where they will provide an additional level of comfort and protection for Colleagues.

If a respirator is used improperly or not kept clean, the respirator can become a hazard to you.

Page 28: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Proper Use of RespiratorsWhen using respirators that are provided for voluntary use, you need to take

the following precautions to be sure that the respirator itself does not present a hazard:

Read and follow all instructions provided by the manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and care, and warnings regarding the limitations of the respirator

Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants for which your respirator is not designed to prevent against. For example, a respirator designed to filter dust particles will not protect you against gasses or vapors

Keep track of your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use someone else’s respirator.

Page 29: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Obtaining a Respirator

• Disposable respirators for nuisance levels of particulate matter, dust, dirt and dander are available in the apparatus storeroom

• Respirators for use when required by the Standard are available by contacting the Safety Office.

Page 30: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Biosafety Cabinets“Class I and IIa,b cabinets, when used in conjunction with good

microbiological techniques, provide an effective containment system for moderate to high risk microorganisms.”

• ClassI protects worker and environment

• Class II protects worker, environment and research materials in the cabinet

• Class IIa exhausts air back into the room: do not use with volatile or toxic chemicals (Mercaptoethanol)

• Class IIb is hard ducted to the facility exhaust system

All fume hoods and Biosafety cabinets are inspected yearly

Page 31: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Fume HoodsThe most expensive piece of real estate in your lab!

Use Properly:– keep sashes down– don’t store flammable liquids, equipment in

hood– limit traffic behind you

Page 32: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Mercury Spills

• All mercury spills should be cleaned up in a timely fashion

• To clean Hg spills, use the mercury vacuum

• Call Safety or Environmental if you have any questions

Page 33: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Glassware

• rinse all visible residues and chemicals from glassware• decontaminate/chemically destroy any biologically

active or noxious materials before sending items to glassware

• ENSURE that no sharps go in glassware bins• do not overload glassware bins• visit Glasswash facility

Page 34: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Toxicity

The dose determines level of toxicity

• Dose = Concentration X exposure Time

• Acute vs. Chronic – alcohol consumption

• Local vs. Systemic– pet flea shampoo

Page 35: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Toxicology Definitions

PEL-Permissible Exposure Level• Levels established by OSHA for personnel

exposure to air contaminants.

IDLH-Imminently Dangerous to Life and Health• NIOSH recommendation; refers to acute

respiratory exposure that poses an immediate threat of loss of life or immediate or delayed irreversible effects on health

Page 36: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Routes of Exposure

• Inhalation

• Ingestion

• Skin Absorption

• Injection

Page 37: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Toxicity Definitions

Asphyxiant - prevents oxygen from reaching body tissue.

– carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.

Allergen/Sensitizer - causes allergic reaction which can be lethal (anaphylaxsis)

– DCC, isocyanates, organophosphates, heavy metals

Carcinogen - known to, or suspected of, causing cancer

– benzene

Teratogen - reproductive toxins which may do damage to the fetus

– dioxins, DES

Mutagen - reproductive toxins which may damage or interfere with genetic material

Page 38: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Select Carcinogenslisted in your Safety Manual

• OSHA’s Thirteen Carcinogens

• NTP listed “Known to be Carcinogens”

• IARC Group 1 “carcinogenic to humans”

• IARC Group 2A or 2B or NTP designated “reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens”that cause tumor incease

Page 39: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Working with “Select Carcinogens”

• Discuss with your supervisor

• Follow procedures outlined in the CHP

• Follow departmental procedures

• Ensure that designated area is defined and used, ventilation and all appropriate PPE is being used properly.

Page 40: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Working with Compounds of Unknown Toxicity

These are chemicals for which there are no known statistically significant studies to establish their toxicity

1. Use a designated work area, isolate items used there; decontaminate the area when work is completed

2. Use local exhaust ventilation

3. Use appropriate PPE and wash hands often

Page 41: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

PregnancyWomen who are pregnant are encouraged to

discuss work assignments with their supervisor and to seek alternate work assignments if the colleague believes the potential for exposure to teratogens exists.

If alternative work assignments cannot be agreed upon, the colleague and supervisor should contact the Safety Office.

Page 42: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Mandatory Safety Rules1. Comply with Emergency Evacuation procedures.

2. Access to eyewash/drench hoses, safety showers, and fire extinguishers must be kept clear.

3. Eating and drinking in the laboratories and animal rooms is forbidden.

4. Adequate eye protection must be worn in areas where there is the potential for eye injury.

5. Open toed shoes and sandals are not acceptable footwear in laboratories or animal rooms.

6. All fires that cannot be extinguished with a fire extinguisher must be reported immediately.

7. Fires that have been extinguished must be reported to your area supervisor, the Safety Office and to the Maintenance Department.

Page 43: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

8. Immediately report any work related illness or injury to your Supervisor and the Occupational Health Department.

9. Tasks that present unusual hazards must be reviewed with the appropriate supervisor before they are conducted.

10. Labels on containers must not be defaced, and all containers of chemicals stored in common areas must be labeled as to the contents, hazards, name of owner and date.

11. Any chemicals, biological materials experimental compounds, or other hazardous materials must be shipped by CBI or Shipping and Receiving.

12. When working with select carcinogens, comply with all safety procedures.

13. Pipetting by mouth is forbidden.

14. Is anyone in this room still awake?

15. Gas cylinders must be secured whether in use or stored. Regulators must be removed and caps used when moving cylinders.

16. Materials with offensive odors must be decontaminated before disposal.

17. Do not modify electrical equipment yourself! The electrical shop will modify or fix electrical equipment for you SAFELY.

Page 44: Laboratory Safety. Why Lab Safety? Protect yourself from laboratory hazards Protect others from laboratory hazards Comply with State and Federal regulations.

Last, not Least.......

Before you leave your work area each day, check the area to ensure :

• Overnight operations are properly set-up and waterlines are adequately clamped

• Heat sources are turned off

• Hoods sashes are closed

• Chemicals and biological agents are stored properly