Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation ...Rural, urban, slum areas. Technology should...

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Title Japan's Role in International Development Cooperation for Water Management

Author(s) Funamizu, Naoyuki

CitationSustainability Weeks 2009 Opening Symposium "International Symposium on Sustainable Development -Recommendations for Tackling the 5 Challenges of Global Sustainability-". Session 2, Toward the Expansion of anIntegrated Water Management System. 2 November 2009. Sapporo, Japan.

Issue Date 2009-11-02

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/40093

Type conference presentation

File Information 2-1Funamizu.pdf

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/about.en.jsp

Laboratory on Engineering for Sustainable Sanitation, Hokkaido University

JST-JICA Research Project (2009-2014)

Améli-Eaur project


Toward the Expansion of an Integrated Water Management

System

Naoyuki FunamizuHOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING


Bangalore India

Well

Sewer

My topic today is


Bangalore India

Well

Sewer

My topic today is

Why do we have to develop a new idea for water and sanitation ?

What is our role ?


How to attack the Cycle of Poverty?

Low Production

Water and SanitaionLess Food

Malnutrition

UnsanitaryEnvironmentPoor Hygiene

Cycle of Poverty


How to attack the Cycle of Poverty?

Low Production

Water and SanitaionLess Food

Malnutrition

UnsanitaryEnvironmentPoor Hygiene

Cycle of Poverty

Effect of Global warmingChange in Quality and Quantity

of water resourcesAcceleration of Cycle of Poverty


More than 1.2 million tons of fresh excreta deposited in the environment and water sources each day


To achieve the Millennium Development GoalsWater Supply and Sanitation 2000

ServedUnserved

Sanitation

Water

2.5 billion lack sanitary means for excreta disposal

>1 billion lack access to safe water

82%

60%


To achieve the Millennium Development GoalsWater Supply and Sanitation 2000

ServedUnserved

Sanitation

Water

2.5 billion lack sanitary means for excreta disposal

>1 billion lack access to safe water

82%

60%

Up to 5.5 billion people will be without sanitation by the year 2035, if sanitation provisions continue to be installed based on the current standards.


Major Causes of Under-Five Mortality

ARI19%

Measles7%

Perinatal18%

Diarrhea19%

Other32%

Malaria5% Malnutrition

54%Largely due to poor sanitation,

hygiene & intestinal worm infections

Source: WHO 1995


1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

Popu

latio

n ( 1

000)

Year

Total population

sanitary treatment

Unsanitary treatment

How Japan has overcome the water-borne disease ?

By Prof. Magara


1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

Popu

latio

n ( 1

000)

Year

Total population

sanitary treatment


public water supply

public sewerage system


By Prof. Magara


1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

Popu

latio

n ( 1

000)

Year

Total population

sanitary treatment


public water supply

public sewerage system

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1960 1965 1970 19750

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000


By Prof. Magara


Economical Issues(Peter Wildere, 2002).

It becomes evident that the capacity of the global money market would not be sufficient to cover the need for investment capital for centralized system

The rehabilitation cost for the piping system in Germany is estimated to be in the range of 100 billion euros

The cost of the installation of the pipe system is almost one order of magnitude higher than the cost of building the treatment facilities


Economical Issues(Peter Wildere, 2002).

It becomes evident that the capacity of the global money market would not be sufficient to cover the need for investment capital for centralized system

The rehabilitation cost for the piping system in Germany is estimated to be in the range of 100 billion euros

The cost of the installation of the pipe system is almost one order of magnitude higher than the cost of building the treatment facilities

Don’t collect


Water ResourceDon’t collect

A significant amount of the drinking water is used as a means to transport the pollutants

Reuse wastewater by retaining water near the point of origin


Resources in wastewaterAnnual discharge from one person

Nitrogen (N) 4.5 kg Phosphorus (P) 0.6 kg Potassium (K) 1.0 kg Organic matter (BOD) 35 kg

By Prof. Jensen


Don’t Mix

Managing raw wastewater quality to recycle nutrients and to use simple treatment process

Appliance Volume COD NH4-N NO3-N PO4-P TSS

WC 31% 44% 97% 3.8% 80% 77%

Kitchen sink 13% 23% 0.3% 38% 9.4% 10%

Wash Basin 13% 1.7% 0.1% 11% 1.3% 2.1%

Bath 16% 2.5% 0.6% 15% 1.1% 1.3%

Shower 12% 6.4% 0.7% 25% 4.1% 5.1%

Washing machine 16% 22% 1.2% 7.6% 4.3% 4.0%


Don’t Mix

Managing raw wastewater quality to recycle nutrients and to use simple treatment process

Appliance Volume COD NH4-N NO3-N PO4-P TSS

WC 31% 44% 97% 3.8% 80% 77%

Kitchen sink 13% 23% 0.3% 38% 9.4% 10%

Wash Basin 13% 1.7% 0.1% 11% 1.3% 2.1%

Bath 16% 2.5% 0.6% 15% 1.1% 1.3%

Shower 12% 6.4% 0.7% 25% 4.1% 5.1%

Washing machine 16% 22% 1.2% 7.6% 4.3% 4.0%

Don’t Mix


Controlling micro-pollutants


Feces Philia Culture vs Feces Phobia Culture

Feces Phobia Culture Feces Philia Culture

water water

food food

Surface water

Surface water

ground water

ground water

This figure is modified from Professor Kada’s original by Funamizu

Left over

Farm land


Integrated approach for socialization of new system is essential

People willing to use the

New system

Economical IncentivesLow cost

Income from the system

Finance systemCentral, local government

Linkage to Agriculture

Nutrients and irrigation water: incentives

Local industry promotion

Assembling water and sanitation system and

O&M

DemonstrationPilot plants

Educationmedia, school, women groups

training course for professionals

Decision makingLocal community and

government

TechnologyLow cost, stable and

solid system

Organizationlocalities serving as pilot experimentation centre

O&M groupCommunity leaders


What kinds of systems we should consider for the different situations ? 1 US$/day/capita society10 US$/day/capita society100 US$/day/capita society

Rural, urban, slum areas

Technology should adapt to the social conditions and culture.


Model for rural area in Japan

House

Gray water Membrane Bio-Reactor

MBRComposting

Toilet

FecesGarbage

Water

Urine

UrineTreatment

Compost

Agricultural Reuse

IrrigationFertilizer

House

Gray water Membrane Bio-Reactor

MBRComposting

Toilet

FecesGarbage

Water

Urine

UrineTreatment

Compost

Agricultural Reuse

IrrigationFertilizer


Model for rural area in developing countries

家庭

Gray water

Soil Treatment

system

Compost

Agricultural reuse

Irrigation water

Low cost composting

toilet

FecesGarbage

Urine

Potable

Non-potable

Filtration

Well

家庭家庭

Gray water

Soil Treatment

system

Gray water

Soil Treatment

system

Soil Treatment

system

Compost

Agricultural reuse

Irrigation water

Compost

Agricultural reuse

Irrigation water

Low cost composting

toilet

FecesGarbage

UrineLow cost composting

toilet

FecesGarbage

UrineLow cost composting

toilet

FecesGarbage

Urine

Potable

Non-potable

Filtration

Well

Potable

Non-potable

FiltrationPotable

Non-potable

Filtration

Well


Dr.Neni:7th Conference of the Asian Council of Science, Japan, 2007

Model for Urban Slum area in developing countries


Dr.Neni:7th Conference of the Asian Council of Science, Japan, 2007

House

Water Fertilizer

NaturalTreatment

Irrigationwater

Urine

Gray water

Feces

Composting

Concentration

Model for Urban Slum area in developing countries


Innovation cycle of technology

Element technology

System designEvaluation

Social system, institutionPublic acceptance


Role of policy


Discrimination by gender, social and cultural aspects, handicap needs to be overcome by participatory approach.

We should give access to adequate education, income and health care to all the people.


Improving Sustainable Water and Sanitation systems in Sahel

Region in Africa: Case of Burkina Faso

JST-JICA Research Project (2009-2014)


Final goal of the Project

Contributing to the achievement

of the Millennium Development

Goals (MDGs) in water and sanitation

(1)Research(2)Capacity development(3)Socialization


Summary

The role of technology: – Technologies and social,

institutional system should adapt to the social conditions.

– Water technology should be a resource recovery technology, not a treatment technology.


Summary The role of policy :

– Discrimination by gender, social and cultural aspects, handicap needs to be overcome by participatory approach.

– We should give access to adequate education, income and health care to all the people, and consider how to include the poorest of the poor.

– We should have the long term perspectives to how to adapt the change in developing countries from the society with one dollar per capita per day of GDP to the society with ten dollar and then a hundred dollar per capita per day.


Summary

The role of Science: – The speed of the technological,

economical and demographical changes taking in place in the current worlds must be slowed down to have a time for the scientific evaluation of these solutions.

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