Labor, Socialism & Politics to WWI

I. Methods of Reform • Majority of workers in late 19th c. were wage

earners.

• Most were in unskilled job associated with shipping, transportation & building.

• The unskilled working class had 3 choices to change working conditions and assert their rights.

1. Trade Unionism (syndicalism)a) orig. in Franceb) federated bodies of industrial workers

1) possess means of _________ 2) control _____________ 3) to do this involved __________,

___________ & ________(Want job security & wages to keep pace

with inflation)c) Benefits:d) Drawbacks:

2. Democracy & Political Partiesa)b)c)d) advocated programse) organizedf) Benefits:

g) Drawbacks

3. Revolution

II. Socialist Parties1. “Socialism” is a broad

a) In 19th c. term used to condemn

_______ &___________

b) For Karl Marx – socialism implied the

abolition of _______, _______, _______

and ______ as a commodity.

c) Since 19th c, socialists have not agreed

on a common __________

d) Marxist socialism aims to _________ capitalist system

e) Social democracy aims to ________capitalist system &

f) Nationalism?

g) Socialist ideology united

h) Major issue = __________v________

2. Karl Marx & the First Internationala) 1864 – by

b) Marx’s position

c) British reaction

d) French reaction

e) Marx followers advocated

III. Socialism in the Major States1. Gr. Britain

a) Labour Party – founded in 1901

b) membership =

c) Taff Vale Case1) Lawsuit _________vs_________2) Why?3) House of Lords rules in favor of

d) opposition to the ruling leads to

e. Fabian Society– Favored– Wanted collective ownership on municipal

level – called

f. Liberal Party– David Lloyd George– Afraid of losing seats in– Under George, National Insurance Act of

1911

– This meant Britain was

2. Francea) conflict between moderate socialists

& Marxists. Why? 1) moderates believed

2) Marxists

b) Opportunism– Formed a single party– Became 2nd largest group in Chamber of Deputies

c) Confederation General du Travail• embraced• favored

3. Germany

a) German Social Democratic Party (SPD) =

conflict b/t

b) Bismarck wanted?

c) But, socialists won

d) Bismarck’s smart move =

4. Erfurt Programa) adopted by the SPDb) SPD membersc)

5. Revisionism (Eduard Bernstein)a) questionedb)c)d)e)

6. Russia

a) Nicholas II & Sergei Witte

b) problems w/ rapid industrialization

c) Social Democratic Party had to work

d) Social Rev Party & Constitutional

Democratic Party

e. Social Democratic Party

1)

2)

3) Vladimir Lenin

4) Forced split in Social Dem Party

a.

b.

f. Rev of 1905 (no single cause or aim )

1) Causes

g. “Bloody Sunday” & Father Gapon

h. 10 months of disarray (soviets)

i. Results = Duma