Labmanual

SSN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

LAB MANUAL

EE2356 MICROPROCESSOR & MICRO CONTROLLER

LABORATORY

DEC 2010-APRIL 2011

Expt.No. Name of the experiment

1 Arithmetic operations using 8085 Microprocessor.

2a Sorting of numbers (Ascending & descending) using 8085 Microprocessor.

2b Number conversions (BCD – HEX, HEX – BCD).

3 Arithmetic operations using 8086 Microprocessor.

4a Interfacing 8 bit ADC Converter with 8085 Microprocessor.

4b Interfacing 8 bit DAC Converter with 8085 Microprocessor.

5 Traffic Light controller using 8085 Microprocessor.

6a Square Wave Generation using 8254

6b Serial Data Transmission using 8251

7 Interfacing 8279 with 8085 microprocessor

8 8 bit Arithmetic operations using 8051 Microcontroller.

9 Finding the smallest and largest number in an array of numbers using 8051

Microcontroller

10 Interfacing 8 bit DAC Converter with 8051 Microcontroller

11 Interfacing of Stepper Motor with 8051 Microcontroller

12 Interfacing Traffic Light Controller using 8051

EXPT NO 1 ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8085

AIM:

To write the assembly language programs for performing the following

arithmetic operations:

a) 16 – bit binary addition.

b) 16 – bit binary subtraction.

c) 16 – bit binary multiplication.

d) 16 – bit binary division.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Microprocessor kit, Power supply.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Write an ALP in 8085 µP to add and subtract two 16-bit binary numbers stored

in the memory locations 4100 & 4101 and 4102 & 4103 and store the result starting

from the memory location 4105H. Also provide an instruction in the above program to

observe the carry also and store the carry in the memory location 4104H.

ALGORITHM:

16 – BIT ADDITION:

1 Start.

1. Enter the two 16 – bit data in two register pairs HL and DE.

2. Initialize a carry counter register B to zero.

3. Add the contents of register pairs.

4. If a carry is generated, increment the carry counter B.

5. Store the Carry in the B register and the sum, which is in the register pair HL in

the memory.

6. Stop.

16 – BIT SUBTRACTION:

1. Start.

2. Get the two 16 – bit data in two of the register pairs.

3. Subtract the Low Order Byte of data1 from that of the data 2.

4. Subtract the How Order Byte of data1 along with borrow from that of the data2.

5. Store the result in memory.

6. Stop.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Write an ALP in 8085 µP to multiply two 16-bit binary numbers stored in the

memory locations 4100(LOB) & 4101(HOB) and 4102(LOB) & 4103(HOB) and store

the result in the memory location 4104H & 4105H.Write instructions for performing

16-bit division also.

16 – BIT MULTIPLICATION.

1. Start.

2. Initialize BC register pair to store the Carry.

3. Store the data 1 and data 2 in DE register pair and SP register.

4. Initialize the HL register pair to zero, to store the result.

5. Multiply by repeated addition of data 1 data 2 times.

6. If carry flag is set during addition., increment the carry register pair.

7. Store the product available in HL pair in memory.

8. Store the contents of the BC register pair which is the carry in memory.

9. Stop.

16 - BIT DIVISION

1. Start.

1. Store the dividend in HL register pair.

2. Store the divisor in BC register pair

3. Initialize the DE register pair to zero, to carry the quotient.

4. Perform repeated subtraction of divisor from dividend till the dividend is less

than the divisor.

5. For every subtraction done, keep on incrementing the quotient register pair DE.

6. Store the remainder pair in memory.

7. Store the quotient in memory.

8. Stop.

FLOW CHART

16-BIT ADDITION 16-BIT SUBTRACTION

START

INITIALISE

CARRY REGISTER

LOAD TWO NOS. IN

REGISTER PAIRS

ADD THE TWO

NUMBERS

ANY

CARRY

INCREMENT

CARRY

REGISTER

STORE THE

RESULT

STOP

NO

YES

START

LOAD THE TWO

NUMBERS

INTIALIZE BORROW

REGISTER

SUBTRACT THE

TWO NUMBERS

ANY

BORROW?

INCREMENT

CARRY

REGISTER

STORE THE

RESULT

STOP

NO

YES

16-BIT MULTIPLICATION 16-BIT DIVISION

START

GET MULTIPLIER AND

MULTIPLICAND IN

REGISTER PAIRS

PRODUCT=0000

REG. PAIR = REG. PAIR +

MULTIPLICAND

MULTIPLIER =

MULTIPLIER – 1

IS MULTIPLIER

= 0?

NO

STORE REGISTER

PAIR

YES

STOP

START

LOAD DIVISOR &

DIVIDEND

QUOTIENT = 0

DIVIDEND =

DIVIDEND – DIVISOR

QUOTIENT =

QUOTIENT + 1

IS

DIVIDEND <

DIVISOR

YES

NO

STORE QUOTIENT

STOP

EXPT NO 2 SORTING of NUMBERS USING 8085

(ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDER)

AIM:

To write an Assembly Language Program (ALP) to sort a given array of

numbers in ascending and descending order.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Microprocessor kit, Power supply.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

An array of length 10 is stored from the location starting from 5000H. Sort it

into descending and ascending orders and store the resultant starting from the location

5300H.

ALGORITHM:

SORTING IN ASCENDING ORDER:

a. Start.

b. Load the array count in a register. Initialize a carry flag FF to zero.

c. Get the first two numbers.

d. Compare the numbers and swap them if necessary so that the two numbers are in

ascending order. If swapping is done, set the carry flag FF.

e. Repeat the steps c and d till the array is completed.

f. Repeat the steps c, d and e till carry flag FF remains Reset.

f. Stop

SORTING IN DESCENDING ORDER:

a. Start.

b. Load the array count in a register. Initialize a Carry Flag FF to zero.

c. Get the first two numbers.

d. Compare the numbers and swap them so that the two numbers are in descending

order. And set the Carry Flag FF.

e. Repeat steps c and d till the array is completed.

f. Repeat the steps c, d and e till the Carry Flag FF remains Reset.

g. Stop.

FLOW CHART:

ASCENDING ORDER DESCENDING ORDER

START

INITIALIZE POINTER

COUNT = COUNT – 1

FLAG = 0

IS POINTER ≤

POINTER + 1

TEMP = POINTER

POINTER = POINTER + 1

POINTER + 1 = TEMP

FLAG=FLAG+1

POINTER = POINTER +1

COUNT = COUNT + 1

IS COUNT

= 0

IS FLAG =

0

STOP

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

START

INITIALIZE POINTER

COUNT = COUNT – 1

FLAG = 0

IS POINTER ≥

POINTER + 1

TEMP = POINTER


POINTER + 1 = TEMP

FLAG=FLAG+1


COUNT = COUNT + 1

IS COUNT

= 0

IS FLAG =

0

STOP

YES

NO

NO

YES

YES

EXPT NO 2b NUMBER CONVERSIONS USING 8085

(BCD TO HEXA AND HEXA TO BCD)

AIM:

To write an Assembly language program for converting a two digit BCD

number (maximum of 99) to hexadecimal and to convert a hexadecimal number

(maximum of FFH) to BCD.

ALGORITHM:

CONVERSION OF BCD TO HEXADECIMAL:

1. Start.

2. Separate the given 8 - bit packed BCD number into two 4 – bit

unpacked BCD nibbles(BCD1 and BCD2).

3. Multiply BCD2 the most significant nibble, by 10.

4. Add BCD1 to the answer from step3.

5. Store the result and Stop.

CONVERSION OF BCD TO HEXADECIMAL:

1. Start.

2. Read the hexadecimal number.

3. Initialize a memory location to store the number of 100’s. Find the

number of 100’s and store it in the memory.

4. Find the number of 10’s from the remainder and store it in the next

memory location.

5. The remainder now contains the number of 1’s and store it in the next

memory location.

7. Stop.

FLOW CHART:

BCD TO HEX HEXA TO BCD

START

GET MOST

SIGNIFICANT

DIGIT(MSD)

MSD =

MSD x 10

HEX DATA = MSD +

LSD (LEAST

SIGNIFICANT DIGIT)

STORE HEX

DATA

START

START

GET DATA CARRY =0

HUNDREDS =0

TENS=0

DATA =DATA -100

HUNDREDS

=HUNDREDS + 1

IS CARRY

=1 ?

DATA =DATA +100

DATA =DATA - 10

IS CARRY

= 1 ?

DATA =DATA -10

UNITS =DATA

STORE HUNDREDS ,

TENS , UNITS

STOP

TENS = TENS + 1

YES

YES

NO

NO

EXPT NO: 4 A

INTERFACING 8 BIT ADC CONVERTER USING 8085

Aim:

To obtain the digital output corresponding to the analog input.

Apparatus Required:

1. Microprocessor 8085 Trainer Kit

2. Display Interface Kit

3. Flat Cable Connector

4. Power Supply +5 V

Algorithm:

1. Start

2. Initialize control word of 8255 to enable ports A, B as output ports and port C as

output port.

3. Initialize accumulator

4. Send contents of accumulator to DAC through port A

5. Obtain comparator output to port c.

6. If accumulator =0 go to step 5else goto step 9

7. Decrement contents of accumulator

8. Go to step 4

9. Call display subroutine to display digital output

10. Stop.

Flowchart START

ACTIVATE THE 8255

CONTROLLER

INITIALIZE ACCUMULATOR

SEND CONTENTS OF ACCUMULATOR TO DAC THROUGH PORT A

OBTAIN COMPARATOR OUTPUT TO PORT C

IS

ACCUMULATOR = 0?

DECREMENT CONTENTS OF

ACCUMULATOR

NO

CALL DISPLAY SUBROUTINE TO

DISPLAY DIGITAL OUTPUT

STOP

YES

EXPT NO: 4 B INTERFACING 8 BIT DAC CONVERTER USING 8085

AIM:-

To generate different types of waveforms by interfacing a DAC with a

microprocessor trainer kit.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

Intel 8085 based MPS – 85 – 2 trainer kit, DAC interface card, 26 pin

flat cable connector, CRO with probe.

ALGORITHM:-

SQUARE WAVE FORM

1. Initialize the control word register i.e., 8255 as input port.

2. Send 00 to port A of 8255

3. Call delay subroutine

4. Send FF to port A of 8255


6. Repeat the step 2 onwards.

SAW TOOTH WAVE FORM

1. Initialize the control word register.

2. Initialize the accumulator content

3. Send to port A of 8255

4. Increment the accumulator content

5. If zero flag is not set then repeat the step 3 onwards, otherwise repeat

the step 2 onwards.

FLOW CHART:

Square Waveform: Saw tooth Waveform:

YES

NO

START

ACTIVATE THE 8255

CONTROLLER

SEND ‘00’ TO PORT A

CALL “DISPLAY”

SUBROUTINE

SEND ‘FF’ TO PORT

A

CALL “DISPLAY”

SUBROUTINE

START

ACTIVATE THE 8255

CONTROLLER

ACC = 00

SEND ACC TO PORT

A

ACC = ACC + 1

IF Z

=0

EXPT. NO:5

TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER USING 8085 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:-

To write an Assembly language Programme for traffic light controller.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

8085 microprocessor kit and Power Supply.

ALGORITHM:-

1. Start.

2. Write the control word to initialize 8255.Obtain the data for

each direction and store in the memory.

3. Initialize a counter to indicate the number of directions.

4. Initialize HL Pair to the starting address of the data..

5. Check the result.

6. Decrement the counter and repeat step 3 till counter becomes

zero.

7. Stop.

FLOW CHART TRAFFIC CONTROLLER

START

Write control word to initialize

8255

Initialize a counter.

Initialize HL pair to 9000h

Call Display Program

Introduce a Delay of 4 Seconds


Introduce a Delay of 4 Sec.

Decrement the counter


COUNTER = 0?

Introduce a Delay Of 4 Sec.

NO

YES

FLOW CHART – DISPLAY PROGRAM

SEND CONTROL WORD TO ACC FROM MEMORY

INCREMENT HL REG. PAIR CONTENT

SEND CONTROL WORD FROM MEMORY TO ACC.

OUTPUT THE DATA TO PORT C

DISPLAY

SEND CONTROL WORD TO ACC FROM MEMORY


OUTPUT THE DATA TO A PORT

OUTPUT THE DATA TO A PORT


RETURN

EXPT. NO. : 6 A

SQUARE WAVE GENERATION USING 8254

AIM:

To interface 8254 with 8085 microprocessor and generate a square wave

ALGORITHM

1. Start

2. Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3

3. Load the LSB of the count and output in channel 0

4. Load the MSB of the count and output in channel 0

5. Stop.

FLOW CHART

START

Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3

Output the LSB and MSB of the count in channel 0

STOP

EXPT. NO. : 6 B

SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION USING 8251

AIM:

To interface 8251 with 8085 microprocessor and to check the transmission

and reception of a character.

ALGORITHM

For transmitting the data

1. Start

2. Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3

3. Load the LSB of the count and output in channel 0

4. Load the MSB of the count and output in channel 0

5. Write mode instruction word and command instruction word for 8251.

6. Output the data to be transmitted to data register and enable an interrupt.

For Receiving the data

7. Read the data from the data register

8. Store the data to a memory location

9. Stop

FLOW CHART – For transmitting the data

START

Write control word to initialize 8254 in mode 3

Output the LSB and MSB of the count in channel 0

STOP

Write mode instruction word and command

instruction word for 8251

Output the data in data register

FLOW CHART – For receiving the data

START

Read the data from data register

Store the data in memory location

STOP

EXPT. NO. : 7

INTERFACING 8279 WITH 8085 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:

To interface 8279 with 8085 microprocessor and display the rolling message

“HELP US”

ALGORITHM

5. Start

6. Load the HL pair with the starting address of the message to be displayed

and initialize a counter.

7. Initialize 8279

8. Output the data from memory to the data register

9. Call delay.

10. Increment the pointer and decrement the counter.

11. Repeat until counter becomes 0.

12. Stop.

FLOW CHART

START

Load the HL pair with the starting address of the

message to be displayed and initialize a counter.

Call Delay SUBROUTINE

Initialize 8279 and Output the data from memory to

the data register

Increment the pointer

Decrement the counter

Is the

counter

value 0

Yes

No

EXPT NO 8 8 – BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS USING 8051

AIM:

To write the assembly language programs for performing the following

arithmetic operations:

a) 8 – bit binary addition.

b) 8 – bit binary subtraction.

c) 8 – bit binary multiplication.

d) 8 – bit binary division.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Microcontroller kit.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Write an ALP in 8051 µc to perform 8-bit arithmetic operations for the

numbers stored in the memory location 4500H and 4501H and store the result in the

memory location 4600H.Also provide an instruction in the above program to consider

the carry also and store the carry in the memory location 4601H.

ALGORITHMS:

8 – BIT ADDITION:

1. Start

2. Initialize carry register to zero.

3. Store data 1 in accumulator.

4. Store date 2 in B register.

5. Load the data pointer with external memory address

6. Add the contents of B register to that of the accumulator.

7. If a carry is generated, increment the carry counter.

8. Store the contents of the Accumulator, which is the sum in memory.

9. Move the carry register contents to Accumulator and store the same in

memory.

10. Stop.

i. e x e

8 – BIT SUBTRACTION:

1. Start

2. Initialize Barrow register to zero.

3. Store data 1 in accumulator and date 2 in B register respectively.

4. Subtract the contents of B register to that of the accumulator.


6. If a borrow is generated, increment the borrow counter.

7. Store the contents of the Accumulator, which is the difference in memory.

8. Move the barrow register contents to Accumulator and store the same in

memory.

9. Stop.

8 – BIT MULTIPLICATION:

1. Start.

2. Store data 1 in register Accumulator.

3. Store data 2 in register B.


5. Multiply A and B register

6. Move the A and B register contents to the memory

7. Stop.

8 – BIT DIVISION:

1. Start.

2. Store data 1 in register Accumulator.

3. Store data 2 in register B.


5. Divide A and B register

6. Move the A and B register contents to the memory

7. Stop.

FLOWCHART:

8-BIT ADDITION 8-BIT SUBTRACTION

START

SET UP COUNTER

(CARRY)

GET SECOND

OPERAND TO

A

A = A + B

STORE THE SUM

START

GET FIRST

OPERAND TO A

SUBTRACT

SECOND

OPERAND

FROM

MEMORY

STORE THE

DIFFERENCE

STOP

IS THERE

ANY CARRY

GET FIRST

OPERAND TO B

COUNTER =

COUNTER + 1

STORE THE CARRY

STOP

SET UP COUNTER

(CARRY)

ANY CARRY?

COUNTER =

COUNTER + 1

STORE THE CARRY

NO

YES

YES

NO

8-BIT MULTIPLICATION 8-BIT DIVISION

START

GET MULTIPLIER IN A AND

MULTIPLICAND IN B register

Multiply the content of A

and B register

STOP

START

STOP

Load Data Pointer with

External Memory Address

Move the content of A

and B to external Address

GET DIVIDEND IN A AND

DIVISOR IN B register

Divide the content of A

and B register

Load Data Pointer with

External Memory Address

Move the content of A

and B to external Address

EXPT NO 9 FINDING THE SMALLEST AND LARGEST NUMBER

IN AN ARRAY OF NUMBERS USING 8051

AIM:

To write Assembly Language Programs (ALP) to find the maximum and

minimum of an array of numbers.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Microcontroller Kit

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

An array of length 10 is stored from the location starting from 4600H. Sort it

into descending and ascending orders and store the resultant starting from the location

4700H.

ALGORITHM:

FINDING THE SMALLEST NUMBER OF THE ARRAY:

1. Start.

2. Load the array count in a register.

3. Get the first two numbers.

4. Compare the numbers and swap them if necessary so that the two numbers are

in descending order.

5. Repeat the steps 3 and 4 till the array is completed.

6. Repeat the steps 3, 4 and5 and store the smallest number..

7. Stop

FINDING THE LARGEST NUMBER OF THE ARRAY:

1. Start.

2. Load the array count in a register.

3. Get the first two numbers.

4. Compare the numbers and swap them so that the two numbers are in ascending

order.

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the array is completed.

6. Repeat the steps 3, 4 and 5 and store the largest number as the result in

memory.

7. Stop.

FLOW CHART:

FINDING THE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM NUMBER OF AN ARRAY

START

INITIALIZE POINTER

COUNT = COUNT – 1

IS POINTER ≤

POINTER + 1

TEMP = POINTER


POINTER + 1 = TEMP


COUNT = COUNT + 1

IS COUNT

= 0

STOP

YES

NO

NO

YES

START

INITIALIZE POINTER

COUNT = COUNT – 1

IS POINTER ≥

POINTER + 1

TEMP = POINTER


POINTER + 1 = TEMP


COUNT = COUNT + 1

IS COUNT

= 0

STOP

YES

NO

NO

YES

STORE THE

POINTER RESULT

STORE THE

POINTER RESULT

EXPT. NO: 10 INTERFACING DAC CONVERTER USING 8051

AIM:-

To generate different types of waveforms by interfacing a DAC with a

microcontroller.

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

Intel 8051 based MPS – 85 – 2 trainer kit, DAC interface card, 26 pin

flat cable connector, CRO with probe.

ALGORITHM:-

SQUARE WAVE FORM

1. Initialize the control word register i.e., 8255 as input port.

2. Send 00 to port A of 8255


4. Send FF to port A of 8255


6. Repeat the step 2 onwards.

SAW TOOTH WAVE FORM

1. Initialize the control word register.

2. Initialize the accumulator content

3. Send to port A of 8255

4. Increment the accumulator content

5. If zero flag is not set then repeat the step 3 onwards, otherwise repeat

the step 2 onwards.

FLOW CHART:

Square Waveform: Saw tooth Waveform:

YES

NO

START

ACTIVATE THE 8255

CONTROLLER

SEND ‘00’ TO PORT A

CALL “DISPLAY”

SUBROUTINE

SEND ‘FF’ TO PORT

A

CALL “DISPLAY”

SUBROUTINE

START

ACTIVATE THE 8255

CONTROLLER

ACC = 00

SEND ACC TO PORT

A

ACC = ACC + 1

IF Z

=0

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