Forensics: Final Exam ReviewThis review packet is for your personal use to study for the final exam. Separate sheets of paper will be required to complete most questions as adequate space has not been provided within this packet.

Definitions: (define the following terms)direct evidence-

give 3 examples of direct evidencecircumstantial evidence-

give 3 examples of circumstantial evidenceLocard’s exchange principal-violation-infraction-erythrocytes-plasma-antigen-antibodies-point of convergence-point of origin-nuclear DNA-mitochondrial DNA-controlled drugtoxicologyillicit drugtoxinsoviposition

Questions:

1. List the 5 S’s of CSI in order and explain why each step in necessary.

2. Draw and label a hair shaft with the following components: cuticle, cortex, medulla. Define each term after it is labeled.

3. Describe all information that can be determined from a hair found at a crime scene.

4. Measure the medullary index of the hair shown below. Is this hair likely a human hair? Why or why not?

5. How many control hair samples are required in the forensic analysis of hair? Is this number the same for all types of hairs?

6. What specific type of trace evidence is most hair considered to be?

7. What needs to be found with the hair to change your answer to the above question? Explain why this changes your answer.

8. Draw examples of wool, cotton and silk fibers. What are the defining characteristics of each of these fibers when viewed under magnification?

9. Define the following terms: fiber, textile, yarn, warp, weft

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Forensics: Final Exam Review11. Explain the difference in composition between animal and plant fibers.

12. Explain 3 distinct reasons for the manufacture of synthetic fibers.

13. If a person’s blood contains neither the A or B antigen, what antibodies must be present and what is their blood type?

14. A patient with type AB+ blood may safely receive blood from what blood types? (list as many types as possible).

15. A patient with type B- blood may safely donate to patients with which blood types? (list as many types as possible).

16. A patient with type O+ blood may safely receive blood from what blood types? (list as many types as possible).

17. Calculate the angles of impact for the blood droplets pictured below:

18. What velocity blood spatter patterns are pictured below? Describe a violent crime that would explain each blood spatter pattern:

19. What is a restriction enzyme and what is its function in DNA analysis?

20. Describe how DNA travels through an agarose gel.

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Droplet 1 Droplet 2

Pattern 1: Pattern 2:

Forensics: Final Exam Review21. An agarose gel is pictured below. Place a positive electrode (+) at one end and a negative electrode (-) at the

other so the DNA travels through the entire length of the gel.

22. Look at the gel pictured below at right. Describe how DNA travels through the gel then indicate where the SMALLEST pieces of DNA are located. Explain why the smallest pieces are in this location.

23. What are the 3 basic fingerprint classifications?Draw an example of each of these.

24. Which basic fingerprint pattern is most common?

25. Which basic fingerprint pattern is least common?

26. A delta is NOT found in which of the basic fingerprint patterns?

27. A list of minutiae can be found below. Draw a representation of each minutiae pattern to the write of its name.spur

trifurcation

fork or bifurcation

eye (enclosure)

bridge

dot

delta

double bifurcation

ridge ending

island or short ridge

28. Define the following and give an example of each that might be found at a crime scene:latent print

visible print

plastic print

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Forensics: Final Exam Review29. Handwriting analysts typically examine 12 characteristics when looking at an exemplar of a suspect’s

handwriting. Use at least 6 of the 12 characteristics to analyze the sample below. Be as thorough as possible with your descriptions.

30. Define diacritics:

31. What is the stationary phase in paper chromatography?

32. If your mobile phase is chromatography solvent (which is extremely non-polar) and the components in your ink do not travel very far up the paper, are the ink components polar or non-polar? Explain your answer.

33. Calculate the Rf value for the 2 pigments illustrated at right.

34. If water (which is highly polar) was the solvent used in this experiment, which color (blue or red) is more polar? Why?

35. Why has it been necessary to make so many changes to our paper currency in the past 30 years as compared to the last 100 years?

36. List at least 4 safeguards added to our higher-denomination currency.

37. Why are these safeguards not added to $1 bills?

38. Define art forgery. How is forgery different from simply copying another artist’s work?

39. The five major classes of drugs are identified below. Where are each typically derived from? Compare and contrast the effects of each of these on the human body.

NarcoticsHallucinogens DepressantsStimulantsSteroids

40. Describe the process of drug identification. (In how many phases is it carried out? What is the purpose behind each phase?)

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Forensics: Final Exam Review

Use the chart below to answer questions #41-42

Assume all drinks (shots,

mixed drinks, wine, or beer) are equal to 1 ounce of 80-proof liquor.

41. A 105 lb. individual drinks an entire bottle of wine (equivalent to 5 glasses) after eating dinner.

42. A 200 lb. male that has eaten nothing all day goes to a party and consumes 11 shots of tequila.

43. At what blood alcohol level is a person considered intoxicated?

44. Estimate how many days prior each of the following drug tests will assess someone’s drug use:

Blood:Urine:Hair:Saliva:

45. Which drug test is used most often and why?

46. What are the four categories of bones?

47. Describe each category of bones and why a bone would be classified into a category. Then list at least 3 examples of specific bones that would fit into that category.

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Forensics: Final Exam Review48. Study your skeleton diagram!

49. Which would a forensic anthropologist use to identify human remains, bones or teeth? Why?

50. Describe the differences between the male and female skull and pelvis.

51. A humerus of length 24.3 cm was found at a site far from other bones. How tall would the person have been if it was a man? A woman?

52. A group of forensic anthropologists found a bone of a man who was

known to be 2.05 m in life. How long (in cm) would each of his bones be?

53. List the four types of teeth found in the human mouth and describe the function of each type of tooth.

54. During what age range do humans typically get their baby teeth? How many baby teeth?

55. During what age range do humans typically get their permanent teeth? How many permanent teeth?

56. Name all the stages in the life cycle of an insect.

Complete and use the table below to answer questions #55-58

57. Calculate the heat/thermal energy (accumulated degree hour) required for each stage of the Green Bottle Fly’s life cycle.

58. How many hours does it take for a green bottle fly egg to become an adult fly at 72° F? Approximately how many days is that?

59. For a maggot at the beginning of the second instar stage, how many hours would it take to reach the third instar if the ambient temperature is at 81° F?

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Female Height, HH = femur ´ 2.21 + 61.41H = tibia ´ 2.53 + 72.57H = humerus ´ 3.14 + 64.97H = radius ´ 3.87 + 73.50

Male Height, HH = femur ´ 2.23 + 69.08H = tibia ´ 2.39 + 81.68H = humerus ´ 2.97 + 73.57H = radius ´ 3.65 + 80.40

From To Temperature Hours ADH (accumulated degree hour)

Egg First instar 72° F 22 70 x 23 = 1610 ADH

First instar Second instar 72° F 26

Second instar Third instar 72° F 21

Third instar Pupa 72° F 126

Pupa Adult 72° F 139

Forensics: Final Exam Review60. If you are rearing a Green Bottle Fly pupa, at what temperature do you need to keep the pupa to have the adult

fly merge in about 6 days?

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