Lab-on-a-chip Platforms first steps along the path Luca Benini DEIS Università di Bologna SI Centre...
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Lab-on-a-chip Platforms first steps along the path Luca Benini DEIS Università di Bologna SI Centre - EPFL [email protected]
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Transcript of Lab-on-a-chip Platforms first steps along the path Luca Benini DEIS Università di Bologna SI Centre...
Lab-on-a-chip Platformsfirst steps along the path
Luca Benini
DEIS Università di Bologna
SI Centre - EPFL
Lab on a Chip Microfabricated, active (silicon)
substrate Biocompatible: is not impacted by
and does not disrupt biochemical processes
Biological sensing elements: analyte detection based on bio-molecular reactions
Integrated & heterogeneous sensing and sample handling, chemical processing, controlled delivery functions
ApplicationsMolecular Diagnostics
rapid diagnosis of hemoglobin disorders, many infectious diseases, cancer diseases (expression analysis) [1]monitoring of viral infections (viral expression analysis) [2]parallel protein biomarkers monitoring for cancer diseases [3]typing patients for genetic resistance to drugs (eg:used in HIV/AIDS treatment) (gene-based test) [1]
In vivo Drug Deliverytreatments that need a continuous release of drugs (eliminate injection pain and infections) (eg: used in diabetes and pain treatment) [4]treatments that need a very precise targeting of drugs (eg: solid tumors) [5]treatments that employ expensive drugs (reduce drugs volume) [6].
Drug Discoveryhigh-throughput screening platforms for drug lead identification [7]pharmacogenomics (biochemistry and physiology of drug action, uptake and metabolism, and how this is affected by genetics; the opportunities for discovery and design of new therapeutic agents)personalizing medicine; understanding and managing adverse drug reactions
Genetic Research SNP microarrays for genome-wide genotyping [8]Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarrays for DNA-copy number variation analysisChromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) microarrays for in-vivo protein-DNA interaction analyisRNAi cell microarrays for loss-of-function (gene silencing) studies
Why a LoC Platform?
High-througput
Flexible
Inte
llig
en
t
Biosensors
SoCs
DNAµarrays
Component-based
Configurable Heterogeneou
s technology integration
LoC Components
• bio-molecular receptors
• substrate-linker• Transducer• Sample
manipulation
• signal processing circuits
• communication module
• power supply unit
OSMW
APP• System SW• Middleware
(libraries, APIs)• Algorithms
Configurability
Semicon manufacturing
BEOL (e.g. metal electrodes, low-temp deposition)
Bio-functionalization(e.g. linkers, spacers)
Si-
Fab
In-field (post sale)
Post-passivation (e.g. electrode surface treatment)
Micro-fluidic(e.g. channels, valves)
Bio
fab
Lab
PofC
Probe spotting
Heterogeneous integration
Processing & Digital communication
Sensors & RF components
Bio-functionalization
Sample handling
Silicon technology
Bio- & Si-BIOLCompatible materials
Biochem. materials & surface chemistry
Biocompatible materials(PDMS, Plexiglass)
Microelectronics
MEMS
Surface chemistryBio-Chemistry
Microfluidics
MaterialFunctionTechnology
Microelectrodes on active silicon chip
X-Y
DE
CO
DE
RS
128-pixel Array
Wireless smart sensors
<10kb/s
1%
DSP&storage
Security
MAC
RFNon-EWorld
Sensor CE-ADC Processor PicoRadio
20W 20W 40W 20WAvg.
Power80 Mops 2nJ/b
Energy sensor
100 W Avg power
Power Mgr
< 500mV CMOS [16] ULP radioAbove IC MEMS, passives Grain size packaging
Ambient
Moore’s Law of WSN
[Source:Xbow]
Cell: grid computing in your pocket*
© 2005 IBM Corporation 11
Toshiba
Multicores Are Here!
1985 199019801970 1975 1995 2000
4004
8008
80868080 286 386 486 Pentium P2 P3P4Itanium
Itanium 2
2005 20??
# of
cor
es
1
2
4
8
16
32
64
128
256
512
Athlon
Raw
Power4Opteron
Power6
Niagara
YonahPExtreme
Tanglewood
Cell
IntelTflops
Xbox360
CaviumOcteon
RazaXLR
PA-8800
CiscoCSR-1
PicochipPC102
Boardcom 1480 Opteron 4P
Xeon MP
AmbricAM2045
[Amarasinghe06]
MPSoC – 2005 ITRS roadmap
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
0
200
400
600
800
1000
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1200
Nu
mb
er
of
Pro
ce
ss
ing
En
gin
es
Lo
gic
, M
em
ory
Siz
e (
No
rma
lize
d t
o 2
00
5)
Number of Processing Engines(Right Axis)
Total Logic Size(Normalized to 2005, Left Axis)
Total Memory Size(Normalized to 2005, Left Axis)
16 23 32 4663 79
101133 161
212
268
348
424
526
669
878
[Martin06]
Summary
• Convergence between microelectronics and biology
• Potentially disruptive technology– Exponential rate of evolution: smaller,
faster, cheaper
• Think differently– Ubiquitous access, availability– Information explosion
