Lab 9Bryophytes

Land Plants

• General features of the green plants• Common name: Land plants• Synonyms: Embryophytes, Kingdom

Plantae• Habitat: Terrestrial, some secondarily

freshwater or marine• Growth habit: Multicellular; thallus, or

stems, roots, and leaves• Undulipodia (“flagella”): Whiplash (2

to 1000+) on sperm cells only, or none

Land Plants

• Clonal reproduction: Multicellular propagules, vegetative

• Sexual reproduction: Heteromorphic alternation of generations

• Included Phyla: Hepatophyta, Anthocerophyta, Bryophyta, Lycophyta, Psilotophyta, Sphenophyta, Pterophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Coniferophyta, Gnetophyta, Anthophyta

• Recognized by: Embryonic sporophytes, airborne meiospores, cuticle

Hepatophyta

• General features of the land plants• Common name: Liverworts• Synonyms: Marchantiophyta• Growth habit: Multicellular; thallus, or

stems and leaves• Undulipodia (“flagella”): Two whiplash

Hepatophyta

• Conductive cells: None• Clonal reproduction: Gemmae

(multicellular propagules)• Sexual reproduction: Homosporous• Representative genera: Marchantia,

Porella• Recognized by: Sporophytes with

short setae, short capsules, and elaters; leaves (if present) without midribs

Marchantia, other genera

Hepatophyta

Marchantia gemma cup

Marchantia antheridiophores

Hepatophyta

Marchantia antheridiophore

Hepatophyta

Marchantia archegoniophores

Hepatophyta

Marchantia archegoniophore

Hepatophyta

Marchantia sporophytes

Hepatophyta

Marchantia mature sporophyte

Hepatophyta

Porella preserved gametophyte

Hepatophyta

Porella antheridiophore

Hepatophyta

Porella archegoniophore

Hepatophyta

Porella sporophyte

Hepatophyta

Porella sporophyte

Hepatophyta

Anthocerophyta

• General features of the land plants• Common name: Hornworts• Synonyms: None• Growth habit: Multicellular; thallus• Undulipodia (“flagella”): Two whiplash

Anthocerophyta

• Conductive cells: None• Clonal reproduction: None• Sexual reproduction: Homosporous• Representative genera: Anthoceros• Recognized by: Thalloid gametophyte;

sporophyte with long capsule

Anthoceros

Anthocerophyta

Anthoceros antheridia

Anthocerophyta

Anthoceros

Anthocerophyta

Anthoceros foot

Anthocerophyta

Anthoceros meiosporangium

Anthocerophyta

Bryophyta

• General features of the land plants• Common name: Mosses• Synonyms: Muscophyta• Growth habit: Multicellular; stems and

leaves• Undulipodia (“flagella”): Two whiplash

Bryophyta

• Conductive cells: Leptoids (food) and hydroids (water)

• Clonal reproduction: Gemmae (multicellular propagules)

• Sexual reproduction: Homosporous• Representative genera: Mnium,

Polytrichum• Recognized by: Sporophytes with

long setae and peristomes, leafy gametophytes

Assorted mosses

Bryophyta

Moss protonema

Bryophyta

Mnium stem

Bryophyta

Mnium antheridia

Bryophyta

Moss archegonium

Bryophyta

Mnium mature sporophyte

Bryophyta

Moss peristome

Bryophyta

Distinguishing the sporophytes

Phylum Seta Capsule

Hepatophyta short short

Antocerophyta short long

Bryophyta long short