La Virgen de Guadalupe/ Our Lady of Guadalupe. The Aztecs The Aztecs ruled most of Central America...
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Transcript of La Virgen de Guadalupe/ Our Lady of Guadalupe. The Aztecs The Aztecs ruled most of Central America...
La Virgen de Guadalupe/Our Lady of Guadalupe
The Aztecs The Aztecs ruled most of
Central America in 1500 Empire was known as
Mesoamerica; extended from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean
Moctezuma was King of the Aztecs in 1503 and ruled from the capital Tenochtitlan and Tlatelolco, known as modern Mexico City
Tenochtitlan was the center of religious worship
Inhabitants were called Mexica
The AztecsMoctezuma
demanded tribute from surrounding tribes
Mexica believed gods required human blood to subsist, so priests sacrificed thousands of humans from surrounding tribes every year
The AztecsQuetzalcoatl
◦ Aztec god◦ Stone serpent◦ Founded Aztec nation◦ Left when human
sacrifices began◦ Vowed to return in
the year 1-Reed (every 52 years in Aztec time cycle)
The AztecsTonantzin
◦ Aztec goddess◦ The mother god◦ Depicted as a
terrifying figure◦ Head comprised of
snakes, her garment of serpents, her eyes fathomless grief
◦ Worshipped at a stone temple in Tepeyac, within a few miles of Tenochtitlan
The Aztecs Princess Papantzin
◦ Moctezuma’s sister◦ Lapsed into a coma in
1509◦ Dreamt of a luminous
being with a black cross on his forehead leading her to a shore with large ships that would come to conquer the Aztecs and bring them their true god
◦ 10 years later, Spanish Conquistadors arrived in Mexico (same year Quetzalcoatl could return)
Hernando Cortez and the Conquistadors Glory, God, Gold Landed on Good Friday,
April 22, 1519 Named landing site
Veracruz, “The True Cross”
Father Bartolome de Olmedo performed Mass on Easter Sunday
Built a fort, sent a ship back to Spain and burned rest of ships determined to conquer the land
Hernando Cortez and the ConquistadorsCortes won
surrounding tribes who resented the tribute to the Aztecs
As Cortes continued on his expedition, evidence of human sacrifice was everywhere
He became determined to stop the sacrifices
Hernando Cortez and the Conquistadors Moctezuma planned
to trap Cortes, but Spaniards overwhelmed the Mexia
Moctezuma recalled his sister’s dream and realized the Spaniards’ helmets adorned black crosses
He believed Cortes was Queztalcoatl and refused to attack him
Hernando Cortez and the Conquistadors Cortes asked
Moctezuma to stop human sacrifices
Moctezuma refused to comply
Cortes climbed the stairs of the main temple, removed the Aztec gods and placed a cross and an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary
War ensued and the Spaniards were victorious
Catholicism in Mexico Cortes demolished the
sacrificial temples and built Catholic churches in their place
Cortes called for missionaries to convert the native Indians
Franciscan Peter Ghent arrived from Belgium, became known as Fray Pedro de Gante and earned the trust of the natives who listened to the Christian message
Catholicism in Mexico Resistance to
Christianity on behalf of the natives became a problem for missionaries
Natives associated Christianity with the deaths of thousands of Indians and the destruction of Tenochtitlan
In 1528 Charles V of Spain sent a group of administrators known as the First Audience
Catholicism in MexicoLeader of the First
Audience was cruel to the native population
Forced them to abandon their villages or be reduced to slavery
Charles V then appointed Fray Juan Zumarraga as the 1st Bishop of Mexico City in December of 1528
Catholicism in Mexico The Bishop spent most of
his first year objecting to the treatment of the Indians by the First Audience
The First Audience applied strict censorship which forbade complaints from the Indians and the Spaniards
The Bishop sent a message to Spain and the First Audience was recalled and replaced with the Second Audience
By this time the Native population was fed up with the Spaniards and their religion
TepeyacAztec Indian
Cuauhtlatoatzin is born in 1474
Baptized and given name Juan Diego
Juan Diego became a widower and turned life to God
He attended mass and catechism lessons in Tlatelolco
Tepeyac At daybreak, on
Saturday, December 9, 1531, Juan Diego begins journey to church
Passes a hill named Tepeyac which was once the site of a temple to the Aztec mother god, Tonantzin
Juan Diego hears songbirds which forebode something divine to the Aztecs
TepeyacA beautiful girl
with tan complexion calls him by name in his native language
She says, “Dear little son, I love you. I want you to know who I am.”
"I am the Virgin Mary, Mother of the one true God, of Him who gives
life. He is Lord and Creator of heaven
and of earth. I desire that there be built a
temple at this place where I want to manifest Him, make him
known, give Him to all people through my
love, my compassion, my help, and my protection.
I truly am your merciful Mother, your Mother and the Mother of all who dwell in this land, and of all
mankind, of all those who love me, of those who cry to me, and of those who seek and place their trust in me. Here I shall listen to their weeping
and their sorrows. I shall take them all to my heart,
and I shall cure their many sufferings, afflictions, and
sorrows. So run now to Tenochtitlan and tell the Lord Bishop all that you have
seen and heard.”
Tepeyac Juan Diego goes to
the Bishop who asks him to visit again
Juan Diego returns to Tepeyac and asks Mary to send someone else with the message
She says that Juan Diego is the chosen one and must return to the Bishop and relay her message
“Tell him it is the ever holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God who sends you, and repeat to him my great
desire for a church in this
place.”
Tepeyac Juan Diego returns to see
the Bishop on Sunday morning, December 10
The Bishop asks for a sign
Juan Diego relays the message to the Virgin Mary
She asks him to return the next day
Upon arriving home that day, Juan Diego finds his uncle to be gravely ill
He does not go to see Mary on Monday
Tepeyac Juan Diego sets out
on December 12th to bring a priest from the Church of Santiago at Tlatelolco to provide the last blessing for his uncle
Tepeyac is on the way to the church, but to avoid Mary, Juan Diego changed his route
She appears to him on the changed route
Tepeyac Juan Diego apologizes
for not returning, and She tells him that his uncle has been healed
She asks him to go to the top of the hill and cut the flowers and bring them to her
Juan Diego finds Castilian roses and takes them to the Virgin, who arranges them in his tilma
Tepeyac Juan Diego returned to
see the Bishop with the roses in his tilma
He told the Bishop about the miracle healing of his uncle
When he dropped the roses in front of the Bishop, the image of the Virgin Mary, as he described her, appeared on his tilma
The Virgin Mary appeared to his uncle and told him he would get better.
The Impact Imprint on the tilma
impacted native population
Virgin Mary appeared as an Indian and spoke the Aztec language
She appeared at Tepeyac, site of the destroyed Aztec temple of Tonantzin
1531-1538 eight million natives converted to Catholicism
The Image on the Tilma