COLONIST ANDTHE FEATURES OF

DOMINATION

• Colonialism is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people to another. One of the difficulties in defining colonialism is that it is hard to distinguish it from imperialism.

• Frequently the two concepts are treated as synonyms. Like colonialism, imperialism also involves political and economic control over a dependent territory.

• The etymology of the two terms, however, provides some clues about how they differ. The term colony comes from the Latin word colonus, meaning farmer.

• This root reminds us that the practice of colonialism usually involved the transfer of population to a new territory, where the arrivals lived as permanent settlers while maintaining political allegiance to their country of origin

Imperialism, on the other hand, comes from the Latin term imperium, meaning to command. Thus, the term imperialism draws attention to the way that one country exercises power over another, whether through settlement, sovereignty, or indirect mechanisms of control.Conquer – to defeat or subdue by force, especially by force of arms.

• The Protected State.

• The protectorate was often reduced to a de facto condition similar to a colony, but using the pre-existing native state as an agent of indirect rule.

• Occasionally, a protectorate was established by or exercised by the other form of indirect rule such as British Resident.

Malacca Empire

• Pahang• Terengganu• Kelantan• Kedah• Perak• Selangor• Patani

• Johor-Riau• Temasik (Singapore)• Siak• Rokan• Jambi• Palembang• Inderagiri

Portuguese (1511 – 1641)130 years

• Mainly in Malacca• Was opposed by the Malays of Malacca

with the aid of Acheh (Islamic countries)• The main reason for this colonization

attempt was to control the maritime trade in the East and to spread Christianity (3G)

• Did not leave many traces, except in language (word) and dance

(joget lambak)

Alfonso de Albuquerque

Diego Lopez de Sequeira 1 Sept. 1509

Malacca in 1606

A Formosa

• With the assistance from Johore, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese and took over in 1641.

• The Dutch left after an agreement with the British in 1824. Anglo Dutch Treaty. The Dutch handed over Malacca to the British in exchange for Bencoolen (Bengkahulu)

• The treaty the main aim for ending alll rivalry between the British and the Dutch, especially in the East. Before this, both had been hostile to each other because of trade.

Dutch (1641-1824) 183 years

• The hostility escalated when some British people were killed in Ambon (a Dutch colony)

• British government were on good terms with the Dutch.

• Dutch were indebted to the British because of the Napoleonic War. The Dutch King, William of Orange signed the Kew Letters, allowing the English access into and thus protection over Dutch colonies in the East until the Napoleonic War was over.

• The consequence of this treaty was clear; the Malay Archiplego was split into two spheres of Dutch and British influence.

• The Johor –Riau Empire ended as Johor Johor now belonged to the British while the Island of Riau came under the Dutch.

• Despite the Treaty, Dutch and British trade rivalry continued to grow in intensity.

• Mainly in Malacca• Did not leave many traces; focused on

colonizing Indonesia. Malacca not as the centre of Dutch activity but Batavia (Jakarta)

• Was opposed by the Malays who frequently received help from Bugis, Johore, Acheh and Dutch (Batavia)

Cornelis Matelieff de Jong

VOC house in Amsterdam

(Oostindisch Huis), 1750

The Dutch VOC defeated the Portuguese in effort to capture Malacca, with

the help of the the Sultan of Johore.

Matelief landing troops in Malacca in 1606

Dutch Malacca, 1724-26

• War of Java• Panggeran Diponegoro

British 1824-1942/1945-1957(130 years)

• Colonized the whole of Peninsula Malaysia: two phases

• Left behind significant influence on the way of life of the people – political, economic and social

• Was strongly opposed by

the country’s population

First Phase

• Union Jack at Penang (the Prince of Wales) - 1786 • British settlement – Georgetown – King George III, King

of England.

Sir Francis Light

Pangkor Treaty – 20 Jan. 1874

Second Phase

Anglo Dutch Treaty 1824The treaty that divided the Malay archipelago