L4. Health IssuesAS Geography

L4. Health IssuesAS Geography

Lesson Focus:Coronary Heart Disease: Is it really a disease of affluence?

L4. Health IssuesAS Geography

• Missing Word Taskbypass hypertension

clot insertionelectrocardiogram (ECG) atherosclerosis

lifestyle x-rayspsychological symptoms

statins smokingangina aspirin

supervision cardiac

L1. Health IssuesAS Geography

• The biggest killerCause of Death Deaths per year

1. Coronary Heart Disease 7,195,4502. Stroke 5,501,9333. Influenza & Pneumonia 3,939,1544. HIV/AIDS 2,917,1165. Lung Disease 2,745,9196. Diarrhoea 1,868,3907. Tuberculosis 1,564,8778. Low Birth Weight 1,268,8519. Lung Cancers 1,241,82010. Road Traffic Accidents 1,189,586

L1. Health IssuesAS Geography

• UK Overview

• More than 2.2 million adults in England, Scotland and Wales are living with coronary heart disease

• In 2007, cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused 34% of deaths in the UK

• Coronary heart disease, the main from of CVD, causes over 90,000 deaths a year in the UK

L4. Health IssuesAS Geography

Coronary Heart Disease Stroke Hypertension Diabetes0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Prevalence of disease 2007/08, England, Scotland and Wales

Countries combinedEnglandScotlandWales

Prev

alen

ce (%

)• What does the graph show?

• What doesn’t it show?

L1. Health IssuesAS Geography

1. Gender

2006 Health Survey prevalence in England was 6.5% in men and

4.0% in women

2. Age

More than 1 in 3 men & around 1 in 4 women

aged 75 and over living with CHD.

3. Ethnicity

Indian / Pakistani x2, Black Caribbean and

Chinese men was much lower than the general

population

4. Socio-Economic

Significant differences between deprivation

categories...

Office for National Statistics (2000)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Q1: least deprived Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5: most deprived

%

Deprivation category

MenWomen

AS Geography L1. Health Issues

Prevalence of treated CHD by sex and deprivation category, England & Wales

• Describe the geographical differences between regions in England (4 marks)

L4. Health IssuesAS Geography

5. Regional Variations?

• Describe the geographical differences between regions in England (4 marks)

• Describe the geographical differences between regions in England (4 marks)

L1. Health IssuesAS Geography

Mark Scheme

• There is some geographic variation in prevalence rates of CHD reported by the Health Survey for England 2003 (1)

• Some evidence of north-south divide (1). The prevalence of CHD in men is nearly twice as high in Yorkshire and the Humber (12%) than in the South West (7%) and East (7%) of England (Max 1 for example) • For women, CHD varies more dramatically (1); only 4% of women in the South West and East of England report a doctor diagnosis of CHD compared with 10% of women in the North East (Max 1 for example)

L4. Health IssuesAS Geography

• What is the global picture?Developing countries

Number of deaths

Developed countries Number of deaths

CVD (Heart disease, strokes)

3.9m CVD 7.5m

Respiratory infections

3.4m Respiratory infections and chronic lung disease

3m

HIV/AIDs 2.7m Lung cancer 1mDiarrhoea 1.7m Car accidents 0.7mMalaria 1.1m Stomach cancer 0.6mTB 1.0m TB 0.6mMeasles 0.7m Suicide 0.5m

L4. Health IssuesAS Geography

• Group Discussion: To what extent is CHD a disease of ‘affluence’?

• Paradox... Linked with poverty in developed countries, and the emergence of a westernised lifestyle in developing countries > LEDCs now burdened by chronic & infectious disease

• Socio-economic status and CHD linked. A range of other factors are important: age, gender, ethnicity (both genetic and lifestyle), urban / rural etc

• Linked with development: (1) Increased migration to urban areas, increased amounts of processed foods that are high in fats, salts and sugars. (2) Physical inactivity as physical farm work is replaced by office and factory-based work. (3) Increased tobacco use