Final Edition See the back page

In This Edition: Page Page

Churches in Geelong 2 Fred Kruger 3 Australia’s Feral Camels 6 Geelong’s Irish Heritage 8 “Captain Blood” Jack Dyer 10

Domestic Violence at Geelong 12

Pykes Creek Reservoir 14 James William Sibley 15 Corio-The Early Days Part 19 16

Photography 18

H. G. Wells 20 Bendigo 22 Fast Facts—Japan 24 Aurora Australis 25 Danielle Steele 26 Recipe—Quiche/Pizza 28 Word Search- Baby Animals 29 Aust. Artists: Tom Roberts 30 150 Years Ago 31 Our Final Farewell 32

July 2015

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It is often lamented by older Geelong residents that only those with “grey hair” attend church nowadays. But that was not always the case. In Geelong’s early days, the building of churches was given priority, attendance was strictly enforced, and the Sabbath Day (Sunday for most, but Saturday for Jews) was diligently observed.

Within 30 years of the town’s founding many prominent structures had been erected, evidence of the strong religious principles held by nearly everyone of those times. The Geelong Advertiser (October 27, 1866) made the following observations:

“The town is well supplied with religions, educational, charitable, and other institutions. The English Episcopal Churches are three in number (Christ Church, St. Paul’s, All Saints), and there is a Free Church of England (Trinity). The Presbyterians have three churches in connection with the General Assembly of Victoria (St. Andrews, St. Georges, and High Church), one United Presbyterian, one Reformed Presbyterian, and one Gaelic Church. The Wesleyans have four churches, the Primitive Wesleyans one, the Baptists three, the Congregationalists two.

The Roman Catholics have three churches, St. Mary’s, St. Peter and St. Paul, and St. Augustine’s. There is a German [Lutheran] Church. The Jews possess a very neat and well finished Synagogue.

With very few exceptions these churches are substantial buildings of stone or brick, and some of them rank high as specimens of architecture. One of them, St. Paul’s, will shortly be supplied with a peal of bells, now under order from England.”

Today, although it is hard to ignore the impressive churches that still stand, most people around the modern city of Geelong are unaware of their religious beginnings, and have little understanding of the differences that have divided the churches into so many separate denominations.

Geelong’s prominent religious heritage has shaped our city. Will the churches survive, or die out like the horse and cart? Only time will tell.

St Georges Presbyterian Church

St Marys of the Angels Catholic Basilica

St Pauls Anglican Church

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Photographer, Johan Friedrich Carl Kruger* was born at Berlin, in Germany, on April 18, 1831. In 1858, at age 27, he married Auguste Bauman in Berlin. His brother Bernard had earlier migrated to Australia in about 1854 and established a furniture business at Rutherglen, in northern Victoria. Some time in the early 1860s, Johan Friedrich (he later anglicised his Christian name to Fred) joined Bernard as a partner. In December 1862 his wife and young son boarded a ship in Germany and followed him to Australia. Fred Kruger soon became sole owner of the furniture business, but by late 1866 he had sold up and opened a photographic studio in Carlton, Melbourne.

Two years later, Kruger took the first photograph of the Aboriginal cricket team which toured Victoria, before they went to England to play in 1868. Over the next 20 years he demonstrated a careful eye for photographic composition and the use of light. He received special international recognition for his landscape photography, being awarded medals at the 1872 Vienna and 1876 Philadelphia Centennial exhibitions. Locally, in 1877 he was commissioned by the Victorian Board for the Protection of Aborigines to produce an album of portraits of the Aborigines at the Coranderrk Aboriginal Mission Station near Healesville. The album includes some of the best photographs of early Aborigines in Australia.

By 1879 Fred Kruger had settled in Skene Street, Newtown, Geelong. The first of his numerous excursions around the district was made in August that year, when

he photographed 'scenery in the neighbourhood of Batesford and the Barrabools’ and 'a very pretty view of Highton’. Kruger won a gold medal for the best collection of landscape views taken within 25 miles (40km) of the Geelong Post Office, and a gold medal for the best panoramic view of Geelong at the Geelong Industrial and Juvenile Exhibition of 1879,

One of Fred Kruger’s many landscape photographs of Geelong—the Yarra Street wharf. His photographic cart,

seen in the foreground of this picture, travelled hundreds of kilometres around Geelong and Victoria

capturing images of early life in the colony.

* While Fred Kruger took hundreds of landscape and portrait photographs, it would appear that none were taken of himself.

Victorian Aboriginals (1877), taken by Kruger at the Coranderrk Missionary Settlement, Healesville.

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taken from the tower of St Paul’s Church on La Trobe Terrace in September 1879. He also took photographs of the Geelong exhibition itself, such as the fountain in the main hall, the rockery in the annexe, the exhibition building and scenes at the opening ceremony. By February 1880 he had collected 60 views, which he sold separately as cabinet photographs or together in an album. The views of Geelong and its suburbs put on display at the 1880 Melbourne International Exhibition won him further acclaim.

While Fred Kruger was not the first photographer to record Geelong’s early days,* he was certainly the most prolific, with nearly all of his works now owned by the National Gallery of Victoria, and available for viewing online at the NGV website.

During the 1880s Kruger’s work did not slow down. The Victorian government commissioned him to photograph the Yan Yean waterworks for the 1886 Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London. And the numerous views he put on show at the 1887 Geelong Exhibition were a compilation of photographs taken over the pre-ceding 8 years. The 31 photographs were enclosed in medallions of various sizes to form “a really magnificent panoramic picture… entirely different to anything else in the building,” the Geelong Advertiser reported on November 23, 1887.

Kruger received numerous private commissions from property-owners in the district to photograph their estates, including Peter Manifold of Purrumbete, near Camperdown, George Fairbairn of Wyndermere and Frederick Armytage of Wooloomanata (both of Lara) and the Chirnsides of Werribee Park.

As early as March 1879 Kruger was photographing groups of Geelong townsmen, on one occasion taking the employees of the boot manufacturers Strong & Pierce picnicking at Bream Creek. Conscious that prospective buyers had to be clearly seen, he took care to bring out the figures 'so distinctly that the identity of each person could be easily established’, the Geelong Advertiser of March 21, 1881 noted.

For the colonial photographer, disasters

A view of the You Yangs, from the back veranda of a homestead at Duck Ponds (Lara).

Queens Park Road bridge on the Barwon River at Geelong in c.1880.

* The "Geelong Album" was photographed in 1866 by Eugen de Balk. It can be viewed online at www.deakin.edu.au.

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proved a godsend, attracting inquisitive customers. The boiler at Humble & Nicholson’s foundry exploded in 1879 and Kruger exhibited before and after photographs. The Barwon River flooded Queen’s Park and he snapped a bird’s-eye view. The George Roper ran aground off Point Lonsdale in July 1883 and Kruger rushed to photograph it. His images included sightseers on the beach,

who not only served as enhancements to the composition and drama of the image, but also became prospective customers buyers as well. (See image below).

Fred Kruger made three less dramatic photographic visits to the Queenscliff area in January 1881, 1882 and 1885, shooting street scenes in the township, along with its seaside vistas on the first occasion, and the Easter encampment of the Volunteer Artillery on the second. On the third, he made a panorama of the whole of the fortifications for the Defence Department to exhibit at the 1886 Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London and took a group photograph of the Garrison Artillery on parade.

The ex-German also marketed his images in novel ways. For instance, in 1881 he had 2 views of the Barwon River enamelled. In 1884 he advertised his photos as appropriate birthday, Christmas and New Year presents, offering sets of 'charming little landscapes’ in albums. Many private residences and public buildings from the surrounding districts were enhanced by his works.

On a personal level, most of Fred and Auguste Kruger’s eleven children died in infancy. According to one of his descendants, Mr David Kruger, it is thought that only two survived, one of whom was his great-grandfather. It was at this son’s house in Victoria Street, Surrey Hills, that Fred Kruger died of peritonitis (infection within the abdomen) on February 15, 1888, aged 56 years.

Sadly, many of the glass plate negatives taken by Fred Kruger survived until the early 1950s, only to be thrown out by the photographer’s grandchildren, who had no notion of their significance. Despite this loss, we are glad to have the ones that remain, which provide a permanent record of Geelong’s early years.

Wreck of the ship George Roper, at Point Lonsdale in July 1883.

Geelong Harbour, taken from Western Beach in c.1880.

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Also known as the Indian camel or the Arabian camel, Australia’s feral camels in Central Australia have become quite a serious ecological issue over the last 100 years. While the animals originally came from the sub-continent, or the middle-east, today Australia is the only country in the world to have significant herds of camels.

By 1860, much of Australia’s inland had not yet been explored by European settlers. Camels had been used successfully in desert exploration in other parts of the world, but by 1859 only seven camels had been imported into Australia. Thus, the Victorian Government appointed George Landells to purchase another 24 camels in India for use in desert exploration. The animals arrived in Melbourne in June 1860, and were initially housed in the stables at Parliament House before later being moved to Royal Park (the current zoo site).

Departing in August 1860, Robert Burke and William Wills started their 3,250km expedition from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Twenty-six of the camels were taken on the expedition, with six (two females with their two young calves and two males) being left in Royal Park. The harsh conditions saw all but one of the humans perish, while most of the camels died or were abandoned as well.

This map displays the habitat density of the camel herds as of 2013.

Did you know?

The hump on a camel’s back makes up about 20% of its entire body weight. It contains a fat supply.

For thousands of years camels have been raised for their meat, milk, hair (for textiles), and hide (for leather goods). But mostly camels have served as the “trucks of the desert,” being perhaps the most well-known load-bearing animal, after the horse and mule.

The Camel Cup at Alice Springs, NT, is an annual event in which mounted camels are raced around a track. It has been running since 1970, and is now considered a major tourist attraction.

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Between 1870 and 1900, a further 15,000 camels were imported to Australia, as they were considered better suited to the arid terrain than horses. Most of these camels were dromedaries (one hump) from India, which to this day make up most of the feral camel population. However, by the time modern transport had rolled its way into the 1930’s, many cameleers had released their herds into the wild.

Central-western Australia has a remarkably arid and intense climate, to which the camel has perfectly adapted. Being a superior contender in an already fierce environment, the animal was bound to throw off the natural balance.

Camels have exceptionally good eye sight and sense of smell, can live up to 50 years and may actively breed for 30 years. They will eat virtually any succulent vegetation, with grasses making up only 20-40% of their diet. Because of their long necks, they find it easier reach for fruits and berries than any other terrestrial herbivore in Australia. For some native plants, such as the Quandong and Native Peach, this poses a genuine threat.

Even when food is plentiful, a herd will continue to wander for up to 70km before it stops to rest for the day. This results in unnecessary trampling and erosion, especially as herds become larger in numbers. During times of heavy rain a herd will drastically expand in numbers, increasing the concentrated damage caused by migration.

Times of drought force camels to search for water among human infrastructure, often destroying equipment in the process. Some have even been caught knocking down entire lines of fencing for no apparent reason. Approximately $9m is spent annually to repair damages caused by feral herds. Camels have also been observed having a hostile attitude towards cattle and sheep, eating livestock feed and fouling their waterholes.

Problematic diseases among camels are mainly tuberculosis and brucellosis, which are highly dangerous for livestock. Efforts to restrain infection spread is difficult, as diseases can flourish quickly and easily among feral animals, especially when the species in question travels in large herds.

By 2008 it was believed camel numbers had grown to well above 1 million, and were expected to double every 8-10 years unless stunted by human intervention. As a result, $2.3m is spent every year on direct feral camel control and management. Today, the population has been reduced to about 300,000, but large wild herds still need constant surveillance.

If you’re ever on a road trip through Western Australia, keep your eyes peeled.

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The Irish Potato Famine

In 1845-49 Ireland experienced one of the greatest famines of the 19th century. During the famine approximately 1 million people died and a million more emigrated from Ireland – to Britain, North America and Australia.

Since 1801, Ireland had been ruled by the United Kingdom (Britain), which favoured the

Protestant minority that controlled the land, while the Catholic majority (80% of the population) languished in poverty. Potatoes had became the staple diet for the poor, and the Irish Lumper was the only variety of potato used. Lacking diversity, when attacked by potato blight (Phytophthora infestans) the Irish Lumper had little defence and crops were ruined all over the country.

That is not to say that Ireland did not produce enough food during this time—many other grain and fruit crops were harvested as normal, but the Protestants, backed by the British Government, used these crops to make money from export to England, rather than use them to feed the starving Catholics in Ireland.

Although the famine passed, repeated crop failures continued until 1879, placing the Irish population in desperate need of support from overseas countries, including Australia.

While the very earliest settlers around Geelong were mainly of English or Scottish descent, they were soon to be joined by a large Irish population, thanks to one of the greatest disasters of the 19th century—the Irish Potato Famine [see box below].

When news of the disaster in Ireland reached the ears of residents around Port Phillip Bay, many were moved by what they heard to take action to relieve the suffering in the ‘Land of Saints and Scholars.’ Especially those from the Catholic faith were quick to respond. Sunday sermons were given to inform congregations of the need, imploring them to come to the aid of their ‘spiritual brothers.’ Donations amounting to hundreds of pounds were collected with haste and sent back to Ireland.

While Catholics in many early Australian towns took up the cause, few Protestants rallied to help, conscious of maintaining their loyalty to the British government that still represented them. However, around Geelong a far greater number of non-Catholic churches and social groups united to ease the suffering of the Irish. In 1847 the Geelong Committee for the Relief of Irish and Scotch* was established

* The Scottish were experiencing their own smaller food shortage at the same time.

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to oversee the collection of donations and ensure they were hastily dispatched back to Ireland, where they were desperately needed.

When handing over their money to the Geelong Committee donors could choose to have it spent in one of two ways—to purchase food in Ireland for the starving, or by taking advantage of the new lands laws in the Victorian colony. These laws stated that when land was purchased from the government, the buyer could direct that the money paid to the Land Office then be used to assist people from other British colonies to immigrate to Australia. By the following March (1848), the committee had already raised £950, two-thirds of it to fund immigration to Australia.

Using this very practical scheme to increase the population, over 19,000 impover-ished Irish men and women made their way to our shores, arriving as whole families. Soon hundreds of them were seen on the streets of Geelong. As a result, new suburbs started to spring up around Geelong, reflecting the Irish heritage of those that settled there— Kildare expanded beyond the Scottish suburb of Ashby (around Mercer Street), in what is now known as the top end of Pakington Street in Geelong West. However, Irish Town, more commonly known as Marnock Vale, held the largest population of Irish immigrants, between West Fyans Street and the Barwon River in what is now called Chilwell.

The most prominent Irish settler was Michael Donaghy, who estab-lished the Donaghy’s Rope Works at Marnock Vale in 1852. Later relocated to the north end of Pakington Street, Donaghy’s would go on to become a Geelong institution, before closing down in 1999.*

By the mid-1850s the famine in Ireland began to ease, but many continued to sail for Port Phillip Bay, enticed by reports from Irish families already here of a good way of life, free from being indebted to cruel Protestant Landlords.^

Famine continued to rear its ugly head in Ireland up until 1880, and the Geelong Relief Committee, and more importantly the Geelong

community as a whole, continued to generously support efforts to ease the suffering of people they did not know, located on the other side of the world.

While it has been often noted that today, people seem more selfish than ever before, it still gladdens our hearts to see people from our local community give generously to others in need, whether it be within our own country, in Ireland, or anywhere else in the world.

Michael Donaghy

* See the October 2014 edition of the Jillong Pocket for Michael Donaghy’s story. ^ Although not all prospered in their adopted country- just ask Ned Kelly!

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Jack Dyer John Raymond Dyer, affectionately known as “Captain Blood” was a Victorian Football League Player and Coach of the Richmond Football club. Later, he held a prominent position as a media personality and commentator on Channel 7.

Dyer was born in Oakleigh, Melbourne, on the November 15, 1913, the second of three children

born to Ben and Nellie Dyer, who were of Irish descent. The family moved onto farmland at Yarra Junction, and it was at Yarra Junction Primary School that Dyer played his first game of Australian Rules Football. After finishing primary school he moved back to Melbourne to live with his aunt, as he attended St. Ignatius Catholic School in Richmond, before completing his schooling at De La Salle College, Malvern on a Sporting Scholarship.

Dyer returned to St. Ignatius to play on Saturdays, and with Richmond Old Hill Boys in a midweek competition. His idol was Richmond star, George Rudolph, and Dyer dreamed of playing alongside him at the ‘Tigers.’ Rudolph left Richmond at the end of the 1928 season to play with Oakleigh, but by then Dyer’s allegiance with Richmond was cemented. His chances of joining Richmond’s VFL side were boosted when he won the Melbourne Metropolitan League’s Best Player in 1930, at just 16 years of age.

Prior to the 1931 season Jack Dyer was invited down to training with the Richmond team. After being pitted against a much bigger veteran, Joe Murdoch, young Dyer was easily blanketed and hardly touched the ball. Dyer’s confidence was shattered, believing his chances of playing for Rich-mond were finished. However, then Richmond Coach Frank “Checker” Hughes admitted to Dyer that the session was not about talent, but rather courage and determination. Dyer was then promptly signed to the club as a player.

Dyer was selected to play in the seniors in just the second game of the 1931 season against North Melbourne. However, on match day he was made a reserve and spent most of the game on the bench (no interchange in those days). This would be his first of 312 games for the Tigers.

Jack Dyer went on to establish himself as Richmond’s best player, winning a total of 6 club Best and Fairest awards, playing mainly in the ruck. At 27 years of age in 1941 he was appointed Captain Coach of

Dyer’s idol– George Rudolph

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the Tigers and moved from the ruck to the forward line. This shift forward seemed to be the right move for Dyer who kicked 30 goals or more in all but one season between 1941 and his final season in 1949, winning the club leading goal-kicker awards for 1947 and 1948, kicking 46 and 64 goals respectively.

By 1934 Dyer had injured both of his knees, and couldn't twist or turn as a matter of course. Straight ahead was the only alternative, heralding his bruising trademark of bursting through packs, and heaven help those in his path. He earned his "Captain Blood" tag in a 1935 game against Fitzroy (now the Brisbane Lions) in which he crashed through three players. Age cartoonist John Ludlow drew a caricature the following Monday of Dyer, with cutlass in his mouth entitled “Captain Blood.” Dyer was initially offended by the slur, being fiercely proud of his sportsmanship. He later came to acknowledge and even admire his nickname, but still took exception to being label a thug or bully, reminding people that he was only ever reported 5 times in his career, and suspended once (for 4 weeks).

Dyer retired as a player at the end of 1949 after playing 312 games and kicking 443 goals. He remained as coach for 226 games until the end of 1952.

After retiring, Dyer became a radio and television personality. His most famous roles were on “The Captain and the Major” on radio 3KZ, and alongside Lou Richards on “World of Sport” on HSV 7, followed by “League Teams” with Richards and Bob Davis. Followers of all teams came to love his “Dyerisms,” unique expressions and misplaced use of words: “He keeps getting where the ball aint;" "I won't say anything in case I say something;" "Bartlett's older than he's ever been before;” "That's the beauty of being small - your hands are close to your feet;” "He's tuckled strongly by Tack;” "He sets himself for a high mark - actually,

that was a low high mark;” "He's put the game beyond result.”

Dyer passed away on August 23, 2003 at the age of 89 after a long illness. A statue honouring Captain Blood was erected outside of Punt Road, headquarters of the Richmond Football Club.

The Jack Dyer Medal is an Australian rules football award given each season to the player or players adjudged Best and Fairest for the Richmond Football Club. Dyer himself won the Best and Fairest Award at his club 6 times.

This infamous photo of Jack Dyer fuelled the legend of a

mean and tough player. Although an aggressive

footballer, Dyer placed high priority on being a good

sportsman.

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With the media drawing our attention to the dramatic increase in domestic violence in Geelong in recent years, it may come as no surprise that this community evil has been around a long time—enflamed by the same common problem, alcohol abuse.

A case arose 167 years ago, when Geelong was only a fledgling town, merely 10 years old. The very first inquest to be held in Geelong, on Friday, March 3, 1848 sat at the Commercial Inn in Corio Street* to look into the death of servant, Anne Willis, who had died at that same location the previous day:

The Willis brothers, Edward and William were among the first squatters to settle in the Port Phillip district, bringing 500 ewes and several rams over from their father’s property on Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) in 1837. But while Edward went on to become a successful pastoralist, William did not fare so well, with alcohol consumption contributing to his demise.

William eventually married Anne. It would appear they were suited to one another, since both had reputations for being drunk at times. By late 1847 they were residing at the Commercial Inn at Geelong, where they were employed by the Inn-keeper, Mrs Alice Duggan. Anne, who was in her 40s, worked as a maid,

while William did chores. Two others lived at the Inn, Napoleon Gilbert and his wife Hannah, who were in the process of taking over management of the Inn from Mrs Duggan.

At around 6:30pm on Friday, February 25, 1848 Anne Willis walked into the bar area, closely followed by her husband, William. Witnessed by both Alice Duggan and Hannah Gilbert, William knocked Anne to the floor and then jumped, with both feet from the ground, on his wife’s head. He then attempted to jump on her head a second time, but when pushed away by Mrs Duggan he left the room.

Meanwhile, Hannah had screamed, bringing her husband running down the stairs. Napoleon Gilbert observed blood streaming from the right eye area of the unconscious Anne Willis. He picked her up and carried her to her room, assisted by his wife, Hannah. He

then called for the doctor and the police.

Policeman, James Kirby arrived first, found William Willis in the Commercial Inn kitchen, and placed him in custody. While alcohol was freely available to both Anne and William Willis, and could be smelled on their breath, it could not be confirmed if they were drunk at the time. When physician, John Dixon arrived

* In an area that is today consumed by the giant Westfield Shopping Centre.

James Cowie, prominent early resident of Geelong served on the coroner’s

jury.

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about half an hour later, Anne Willis had regained consciousness, but was obviously quite ill, with massive swelling appearing down the right side of her face. Like many other victims of domestic violence, whether out of fear of reprisals from her husband or just embarrassment, Anne refused medical aid.

The following morning, around 7:00am, Anne Willis came out of her room and insisted on doing a little work, despite the serious disfigurement to her face. Over the next week, her speech started to slur and her thinking became progressively confused. Confined to bed she eventually lost consciousness and died at 1:00am on the morning of March 2, 1848. Surgeon, Foster Shaw performed an autopsy on the deceased later that day, and discovered that her brain had become swollen as a result of her husband’s attack, the inflammation inside her skull eventually killing her. He lamented her refusal of prompt medical treatment, which he believed could have saved her life.

The 10 men on the coroner’s jury, which included noted early settler, James Cowie, returned a verdict of manslaughter against William Willis, and he was remanded to face the Supreme Court in Melbourne the following week.

The trial of William Willis, was held on Wednesday, March 15, 1848 before Justice William A’Beckett. A very contrite Willis pleaded “not guilty.” He did not deny causing his wife’s injury, but claimed that she could have survived if she had sought medical assistance earlier. The accused was represented by barrister Redmond Barry, who would later go on to be knighted as the most famous Victorian judge of the 19th century. After all the witnesses had delivered their testimony, Redmond Barry focussed on character witnesses in an attempt to reduce William Willis’ punishment. Noted for his impeccable manners and elaborate, old-fashioned courtesy, Barry reputedly could disarm even the most

hostile judge and jury, and this case proved no exception.

Although found guilty of manslaughter by a panel of 12 male jurors, when sentenced the following week William Willis received the relatively ‘light’ sentence of 7 years hard labour.

While we do not know what became of William Willis after his confinement, we do know that domestic violence has continued to spiral out of control ever since. Today, VicHealth data shows that intimate partner violence is the most common cause of death and disability for Victorian women aged 15-44 years, and 57% of women will experience physical or sexual violence in their lifetime. When will it stop!

At his trial in the Supreme Court, William Willis was represented by barrister

(Sir) Redmond Barry.

William A’Beckett, Supreme Court judge,

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Constructed between 1908 and 1911 to provide a constant water supply to the market gardens around Bacchus Marsh and Werribee, the Pykes Creek Reservoir is also a recreational playground for those who love water sports and fishing.

Located on a tributary of the Werribee River, 79km north of Geelong, the original dam was built by about 200 workers with horse-pulled drays and scoops. Since it opened in 1911, it has been expanded and modified a number of times, increasing its capacity to its current level of 22,119 megalitres.

Perhaps the reservoir’s most notable change occurred in 1967, when the Western Freeway was constructed between Ballarat and Melbourne across the southern end of the reservoir. These road-works resulted in part of the dam wall being buried underneath the Western Freeway embankment.

These days, a number of enthusiastic Geelong residents regularly travel north through Ballan to enjoy weekends at the reservoir. Swimmer's Cove is the designated swimming area at the reservoir and is located on the southern edge of the main lawn area, just past the toilet block. Picnic grounds are provided, but visitors are reminded to take all rubbish home with them when they leave.

Most visitors however, prefer the boating options. A maximum of 80 boats are allowed on the reservoir at any one time, including jet skis and fisherman who eagerly take advantage of the large stocks of brown trout and redfin that have been released into the dam.

The Southern Rural Water website provides further timely information about Pykes Creek Reservoir. Why not make a visit soon?

Pykes Creek Reservoir

Bacchus Marsh

Ballan

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In December 2014, the Jillong Pocket contained an article about the American Civil War. While this major conflict occurred on the other side of the world, it was soon to forge a link with early Geelong:

James William Sibley was born in Nova Scotia, Canada on October 20, 1837 and by 1862 was practising as a doctor in the state of Vermont in the United States. Prior to arriving in the United States Sibley had contracted tuberculosis while in the West Indies but thought he had recovered before entering the military. However, he later found it reoccurring.

Sibley enlisted in the Union Army on November 21, 1862 at Washington, D.C., as an Assistant Surgeon, and on November 25,1862 was commissioned into the 95th New York Infantry, also known as the “Warren Rifles.” Due to his poor health, it is not known exactly how much action Sibley saw or how many battles he actually participated in. The 95th Infantry saw duty in the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia from December 12-15, the infamous "Mud March" in January 1863, the Battle of Chancellorsville in May, the Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on July 1-3, 1863, and other various campaigns throughout the war.

James William Sibley, however, was discharged on September 2, 1863, due to his reoccurring bouts with tuberculosis (TB). After being discharged, Sibley arrived in Melbourne on September 27, 1864 with his brother, Jonathan, who was also a medical practitioner. James settled on the Bendigo goldfields, advertising his medical skills two months later. After registering with the Victorian medical Board in April 1865, he advertised in the Bendigo newspapers showing that he had established a practise at the “Long Gully Medical Dispensary, hours, excepting the Sabbath day, between eight and ten a.m. daily: Advice Gratis."

James married Julia Evans on December 24, 1867 and they soon had a daughter named Julia, and a son named James Robert. By early 1868 James briefly served as an Assistant Surgeon at the Bendigo Hospital, before moving to a new practise at Echuca in May. He expanded his medical practise in Echuca over the next 12 months, but sadly found he was losing his battle with TB.

In late August 1869 James became too sick to work and left Echuca to live with his brother, who had established his own medical practise in Moorabool Street, Geelong. He died 2 months later, on October 13, 1869, seven days short of his 32nd birthday. He was buried 2 days later at the Geelong Western Cemetery. His grave can still be found there today. A memorial plaque acknowledging his American Civil War service was placed at his gravesite in 2006.

Geelong’s Western Cemetery Minerva Road, Herne Hill

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PART 19—Exploiting the Sea

While most who lived in the Corio/Lara area in the early days contented themselves with establishing farms on land, others turned to the waters of Corio Bay to earn their living.

Early industries included the collection of seashells, which were crushed and then sold as fertiliser to farmers. Others collected seaweed which was dried, baled, and sent to Melbourne where it was used as stuffing by upholsterers, especially in mattresses. One consignment dispatched from Duck Ponds (Lara) railway station in 1874 was for 35 bales of seaweed, each worth £2 10s ($5 dollars). Other seaweed bales were sent by boat to Melbourne, or to the Portarlington Mill which had stopped milling flour in 1874 and started processing seaweed for use by upholsterers, as well as for insulation.

Perhaps the most adventurous of the early attempts to ‘make a living from the sea’ was that made by Major Richard Heath. In 1871 Heath applied for, and was granted a 14 year lease on an area west of Bird Rock in Corio Bay to establish oyster beds. Forming a private company, the £1,000 capital raised was used to purchase 10,000 spat (baby oysters) from Stewart Island (in New Zealand) along with boats and related gear. An initial area of 150 acres (60ha) was seeded with the oysters in 5 beds, with a 30 acre (12ha) fattening reserve, all well protected from the elements. The Geelong Advertiser hailed the experiment:

“It is quite evident that a new industry of considerable importance, and fraught with pleasurable anticipations of a time when the dainty bivalve shall be cheap

Bird Rock

Corio Bay

Heath’s initial oyster beds

Cowies Creek

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and plentiful, has been initiated. When complete success has been achieved in oyster culture, it will be subject to wonder that so long a period elapsed before so useful and desirable addition to our luxuries had been acclimatised in our various bays.”

After hearing of Heath’s venture, others saw the potential to make lots of money from the popular mollusc, and soon the Geelong Advertiser was moved to comment that “Oyster beds are becoming quite the rage,” in Corio Bay, when applications were received to extend the spawning beds to the southern side of the bay. Not only were the oysters in demand for their tasty flesh, but the shells were a highly sought after source of lime, for use in the cement industry.

Meanwhile, Richard Heath had overcome some of the initial difficulties of learning the new industry, and by 1876 had even extended his oyster beds as far as Cowies Creek, confident that there was “every prospect of the venture turning out a success.” But it was not to be.

Eight years later, in 1884, newspaper reports confirmed the demise of the oyster industry in Corio Bay. Why? The main problem appears to have been water pollution. It would be another 33 years before Geelong’s sewerage system was commissioned. Meanwhile, Geelong’s population of 19,000 (in the mid-1880s) poured all their toilet and waste into the gutters, which flushed either into the Barwon River or Corio Bay. The oyster industry had been doomed from the very start!

Never-the-less, some hardy oysters still managed to mature. In 1884 at least a dozen large oysters were dredged up with silt during deepening works around the Railway Pier (now Cunningham Pier) and Moorabool St Pier. While observers of the times lamented the premature demise of the oyster industry, only very brave (or foolhardy) seafood lovers would have attempted to consume the polluted oysters, no matter how good they looked!

An avid fisherman, Major Richard Heath started other commercial fishing attempts, using Geelong as a base. In 1877 he established the Deep-sea Fishing Company and tried to raise capital of £250 to perform a 2—3 month trial to find the most suitable fishing spots in Corio Bay, where fish could be caught in payable quantities. Nothing more in the newspapers is to be heard about the determined Major, but today local fisherman still delight to cast into the waters off Avalon Beach in Corio Bay, and reel in the King George Whiting and Snapper that frequent the old oyster grounds.

Major Richard Heath 1st Geelong artillery

(story with help from Ian Wynd’s book So Fine a Country)

Geelong Heritage Centre Photo

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Today, photographs can be taken in less than a second. But when photography was first being developed in the 1820’s, cameras had to take several hours to capture a permanent image. During the 1840-60’s period, folks in photographs looked so sour all the time. Nobody smiled, and they all appeared as rigid as washboards. However, that due to the amount of time it took to expose the picture. The subject was not permitted to move, smile or even blink, or the portrait would turn out blurry. Throughout the 19th century, the exposure time was gradually reduced to a few minutes, and then just a few seconds, before technology reduced it to the fraction of a second, where it remains today.

The word ‘photography’ comes from the Greek words photos (“light”) and graphein (“to draw”). The word was first used by the scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel in 1839. It is a method of recording images on light-sensitive material.

Camera Obscura The innovations which would lead to the development of photography existed long before the first photograph. The camera obscura (Latin for “dark room”) had been in existence for at least 400 years. It was discovered that if a room was completely darkened, with a single hole in one wall, an inverted image would be seen on the opposite wall. A person inside of the room could then trace this image, despite it being upside-down.

World’s First Photograph However, it was not until the invention of a light-sensitive surface by Frenchman Joseph Nicéphore Niépce that modern photography was born. In June/July 1827, Niépce produced the world’s first photograph by using chemicals on a metal plate, placed inside a camera obscura. He called his process "heliography" (after the Greek "of the sun"), recording an obscure image of the view outside of his window.

The exposure lasted 8 hours, so the sun had time to move from east to west, appearing to shine on both sides of the building. Niépce also solved the problem of "fixing" the image so that it would not continue to

This image, created by Frenchman, Joseph Niépce in 1827, is considered

the world’s first photograph.

Joseph Niépce

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darken when exposed to light.

Alexander Wolcott’s Daguerreotype On May 8, 1840, Alexander Wolcott received a patent for his Daguerreotype mirror camera. The camera was based on a concave reflecting mirror built by an associate Mr Henry Fitz, similar to those used for making celestial telescopes. The camera enabled human portraits to be taken by significantly reducing the sitting time.

Boulevard du Temple, Paris is the first ever photograph of a human being (arrowed). The daguerreotype was taken by Louis Daguerre in 1838. It is of

a busy street, but because the exposure time was over 10 minutes, the city traffic moved too much to appear in the photo. The exception is a man in the bottom left corner, who stood still long enough while getting his boots polished to have his image captured.

History of Photography in Australia In Australia, photography first emerged in the 1840s. The first photograph taken in Australia is a view of Bridge Street (now lost), believed to have been taken by visiting naval captain, Captain Augustin Lucas in

1841. The existence of the photograph was indicated in a note published in the Australasian Chronicle on April 13 that year. However, the earliest known surviving photograph taken in Australia is believed to be a daguerreotype portrait of Dr William Bland by George Baron Goodman. This portrait is likely to be the one mentioned in the Sydney Morning Herald of January 14, 1845.

Some Interesting Facts about Photography

On Sept. 4 1888, George Eastman brought photography to the masses when he received a patent for his roll film.

The first digital camera was created in December 1975, by Steve Sasson, an Engineer at Eastman Kodak. The camera weighed 3.6kg and recorded a 0.01 megapixel black and white photo. It took 23 seconds to create.

Facebook users upload 350 million photos daily. As of August 2013 there were are total 240 billion photos uploaded on Facebook.

Studies have found that the left side of peoples’ faces are perceived as more aesthetically pleasing than the right.

Alexander Wolcott

Dr William Bland

Boulevard du Temple, Paris

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Herbert George Wells was born on September 21, 1866 in Kent, England, the 4th and last child of gardener, servant and small shopkeeper, Joseph Wells and his wife Sarah. In 1874, while still a young boy, Wells broke his leg and was bed ridden. To pass the time his father brought books from the local library home for him to read. His love of good literature grew in his young mind and he soon aspired to begin writing himself.

Wells grew up under the continual threat of poverty, and at age 14, after a very inadequate education, he was apprenticed to a draper in Windsor. His employer soon dismissed him, and he became assistant to a chemist, then to another draper, and finally, in 1883, Wells became an usher at Midhurst Grammar School.

At 18 Wells won a scholarship to study biology at the Normal School of Science, in South Kensington, London. He graduated from London University in 1888, becoming a science teacher. In 1889–90 he managed to find a post as a teacher at Henley House School, where he taught A. A. Milne (creator of Winnie-the-Pooh).

Still struggling financially and suffering poor health, his Aunt Mary invited him to stay with her for a while. During his stay, he grew increasingly interested in her daughter, Isabel Wells. In 1891

Wells married his cousin. The marriage was not a success, and in 1894 Wells ran off with Amy (Jane) Robbins, a former pupil, who in 1895 became his second wife.

Wells’ first published book was a Textbook of Biology (1893). However, it was during 1895 that Wells published his first two novels, The Time Machine and The Wonderful Visit. Another iconic Wells novel, The Island of Doctor Moreau, came the following year. His science fiction works proved an instant success with readers all over the English-speaking world.

Wells’ famous work, The War of the Worlds (1898), a novel about an alien invasion, was eventually made into a number of popular movies. It later caused a panic when an adaptation of the tale was broadcast on American radio. (On Halloween night

Science-Fiction, or Sci-Fi, is a style of writing or film that focuses on themes such as the future, mechanics, aliens, and outer-space. The works of H.G. Wells are some of the best examples of this writing genre.

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of 1938, Orson Welles went on the air with his version of The War of the Worlds, claiming that aliens had landed in New Jersey.)

After War of the Worlds, Wells followed with The First Men in the Moon (1901), and The Food of the Gods (1904). He also wrote many short stories, which were collected in The Stolen Bacillus (1895), The Plattner Story (1897), and Tales of

Space and Time (1899). For a time he acquired a reputation as a prophet of the future, and indeed, in The War in the Air (1908), he foresaw certain developments in the military use of aircraft.

Wells’ imagination flourished at its best not in the manner of the comparatively mechanical anticipations of Jules Verne but in astronomical fantasies. For example, from The War of the Worlds comes the image of Martians which has passed into popular mythology.

Eventually, Wells decided to abandon science fiction for comic novels of lower middle-class life, most notably in Love and Mr. Lewisham (1900), Kipps: The Story of a Simple Soul (1905), and The History of Mr. Polly (1910). In these novels he drew on memories of his own earlier life.

H.G. Wells biggest seller, and most famous work is The Outline of History, subtitled either "The Whole Story of Man" or "Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind." It first appeared in an illustrated version of 24 fortnightly instalments beginning on November 22, 1919 and was published as a single volume in 1920 (eventually expanded to 3 volumes). It sold more than 2 million copies, was translated into many languages, and had a considerable impact on the teaching of history in schools for decades. The final edition, which included updates written by his son George, appeared in 1971, but earlier editions are still in print.

A prolific writer for roughly 50 years, Wells wrote, on average, three books a year. And each of his works went through several drafts before publication.

Politically, Wells supported socialist ideals. Lobbying for a type of global socialism in the early 1920’s, he suggested the creation of a single government for the entire world. Around this time, Wells also tried to advance his political ideas in the real world. He ran for Parliament as a Labour Party candidate in 1922 and 1923, but both efforts ended in failure.

Wells died of unspecified causes on August 13, 1946 at his home in Regent's Park, London, aged 79. Today Wells is still known as "the Father of Science Fiction."

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Bendigo, located very close to the geographical centre of Victoria, has an urban population of 82,800 (2011) making it the 4th largest inland city in Australia and 4th most populous city in the state.

Gold was found at Bendigo Creek in September 1851. News of the finds intensified the Victorian gold rush bringing an influx of migrants to the area from around the world within a year and transform-ing it from a sheep station to a major settlement in the newly proclaimed Colony of Victoria.

The Bendigo gold rush was at first treated as an extension of the Mount Alexander (Castlemaine) rush. But by mid-December 1851 it was reported that hundreds of diggers had moved to Bendigo Creek, and was soon regarded as a goldfield in its own right. On April 27, 1852 a Court of Petty Sessions was established and a fortnight later a resident police magistrate was appointed. By June 1852 it was estimated that there were 40,000 diggers on the field – an extraordinary number considering that 18 months earlier, pre-gold rush Melbourne had a total population of only 23,000.

That same month (June 1852) a mail delivery service was established between Castlemaine and Bendigo Creek. The first official post office opened a month later, under the name "Bendigo Creek." It was renamed "Sandhurst" in January 1854 before being changed back to "Bendigo" in May 1891.

Chinese people in particular were attracted to the Bendigo goldfields in great numbers, establishing a large Chinatown on a bountiful gold run to the north-east of the city at Emu Point. Within ten years the Chinese miners and merchants made up 20% of the Bendigo population. While most of the Chinese gold miners returned home when the alluvial goldfields declined, a small population remained to form the Bendigo Chinese community which has continued to influence the city up to this day. Other ethnic communities also developed, including the Germans at Ironbark Gully and the Irish at St Killian's.

Since 1851 about 25 million ounces of gold (777 tonnes) have been extracted from Bendigo's goldmines. During the 19th century it was the highest producing goldfield in Australia and

Bendigo goldfields—as viewed in 1853.

Fossicking at Bendigo

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the largest gold mining economy in Eastern Australia. The city established above the mines became noted for its Victorian architecture and today has many heritage-listed buildings. The city took its name from the Bendigo Creek and its residents from the earliest days of the gold rush have been called "Bendigonians."

Bendigo quickly grew from a "city of tents" to become a substantial city with great public buildings. The first hospital was built in 1853, the first town plan was developed by 1854, the municipality (then known as the Sandhurst Municipality) was incorporated on April 24, 1855. The Bendigo Building Society (today's Bendigo Bank) began in 1858 in an effort to improve conditions on the Bendigo Goldfields. The first town hall was commissioned in 1859.

Bendigo was connected to Melbourne by telegraph in 1857 and it was from Bendigo that the first message reporting the deaths of Burke and Wills was sent on June 29, 1861. Frequent Cobb & Co. coaches ran to Melbourne until the railway reached Bendigo in 1862. With the opening of the railway line the township grew rapidly.

By the end of the first gold rush in the 1860s, the township had established flour mills, woollen mills, tanneries, quarries, foundries, eucalyptus oil production, food production industries and timber-cutting.

When the early discoveries of alluvial (lose, on the surface) gold began to run out the goldfields soon changed from small operations to major mines with deep shafts to mine the quartz-based gold. Mining companies were formed and numerous pit mines were sunk to exploit the underground quartz reefs. Hundreds of tunnels riddle the ground below the surface of the modern city of today. The Central Deborah Gold Mine remains as a tourist destination for those willing to plummet below the surface to experience gold mining 61m underground.

Although the town flourished in its early years as a result of the discovery of gold, in the early 20th century it experienced a reversal of fortune. However, its growth accelerated in the post-war years and has continued to increase steadily since.

Along with the Central Deborah Gold Mine, other tourist attractions include—The Bendigo Pottery, the Golden Dragon Museum and a trip through the city on the Bendigo Tramways.

Central Deborah Gold Mine

The modern city of Bendigo

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Japan is made up of 6,852 islands.

Japan belongs to the continent of Asia. The country is an island nation surrounded by the Sea of Japan to the East and the Pacific Ocean to the West.

The highest point in Japan in Mount Fuji, which stands at 3,776m (12,388ft).

There are over 127 million people living in Japan, making it the 10th largest country in the world.

Tokyo is the capital city of Japan and also the largest city (pop. 13.3 million). Other major cities include Yokohama (3.7 million), and Osaka (2.7 million).

Japan sits along the “Pacific Ring of Fire,” which creates many volcanoes and earthquakes in the country. In 2011, an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 hit Japan, creating a tsunami which killed 15,890 people.

Almost three-quarters of Japan's land is either forest or mountains making it difficult to turn into farms, or industrial and residential areas.

Human history in Japan dates back about 2,000 years.

Ancient warriors of Japan were known as Samurai. They were very skilled fighters and swordsmen.

Japan is a modern, industrialized nation, producing some of the most advanced motor vehicles, electronics, and machine tools in the world.

Japanese cuisine, particularly sushi, has become popular around the world.

Sumo wrestling is recognized as the national sport of Japan, although the most popular spectator sport is baseball.

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The Aurora Australis (the Southern Lights) have always fascinated mankind, and people have even travelled thousands of kilometres just to see the brilliant light show in the sky.*

The aurora occurs when highly charged electrons from the solar winds interact with elements in the earth's atmosphere. Solar winds stream away from the sun at speeds of about 1.6 million kilometres per hour. When they reach the earth, some 40 hours after leaving the sun, they follow the lines of magnetic force generated by the earth's core and flow through the magnetosphere, a teardrop-shaped area of highly charged electrical and magnetic fields.

As the electrons enter the earth's upper atmosphere, they encounter atoms of oxygen and nitrogen at altitudes from 32 to 320 kilometres above the earth's surface. The colour of the aurora depends on which atom is struck, and the altitude of the meeting—

•Green - in oxygen, up to 240 kilometres

•Red - in oxygen, above 240 kilometres in altitude

•Blue - nitrogen, up to 100 kilometres in altitude

•Purple/violet - nitrogen, above 100 kilometres in altitude

All of the magnetic and electrical forces react with one another in constantly shifting combinations. These shifts and flows can be seen as the auroras "dance," across the sky.

* In the northern hemisphere the phenomenon is called aurora borealis or Northern Lights.

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Danielle Fernandes Dominique Schuelein-Steel, better known by the name Danielle Steel, is an American novelist,

currently the best selling author alive and the 4th bestselling author of all time, with over 800 million

copies sold worldwide.

Danielle Steel was born in New York on August 14, 1947. She was the only child of John Schuelein-Steel who was a member of Munich’s wealthy Lowenbrau beer family and his wife Norma, an international beauty from Portugal. Her parents divorced when she was a young girl. After the divorce she was raised by relatives and servants in Paris and New York.

Danielle graduated from school when she was not quite fifteen and in 1963 she entered New York’s Parsons School of Design. She soon abandoned her dream of becoming “the new Chanel” when the pressure to succeed caused her to develop a stomach ulcer. She then enrolled at New York University, where she studied until 1967.

Upon turning 18, Danielle married her first husband, a French banker with homes in New York, San Francisco and Paris. Within a few years she became bored with her jet-setting lifestyle and against her husband’s wishes set out to find a job. In 1968 she was hired as vice president of public relations at a Manhattan public relations and advertising agency. When the business failed, one of Danielle’s clients, the editor of Ladies’ Home Journal, suggested she try writing. Isolating herself at home in San Francisco she then wrote her first book entitled Going Home. Published by Dell Paperbacks in 1973, the novel had moderate sales.

Around the same time Danielle’s marriage broke up and she then turned to writing in earnest. She composed 5 more novels that were rejected before her novel Passion’s Promise was published by Dell in 1977. After Passion's Promise, Dell published 3 more of Steel's romances: The Promise (1978), Now and Forever (1978), and Season of Passion (1979). Sales of The Promise, Steel's first big success, reached 2 million copies in 1979. That same year she signed a six-figure contract with Dell.

Loving her new career, Danielle set a gruelling pace for herself composing at least two or three novels a year. As a result, in the early 1980’s several more best-selling paperbacks appeared.

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In 1981 Danielle married John Traina, a shipping executive with 2 children like herself. The couple had 5 children together. To devote time to her large family Steel often wrote at night, making do with only 4 hours of sleep, so that she could be with her children during the day. Often juggling up to 5 projects at a time Danielle typed all her work onto a 1948 metal-body Olympia while wearing a flannel nightgown. Unlike many of her heroines, she shied away from the limelight, refused to do promotional tours, and even today, actually lives a relatively quiet life that is far from the glamorous lifestyles portrayed in her books.

Danielle’s books have been translated into 28 languages, with 22 adapted for television, including two that have received Golden Globe nominations. Up to 2015 she has written at least 95 adult novels and produced 2 series of books for children, the "Max and Martha" series (10 books) and the "Freddie" series (4 books). Steel's romances feature both contemporary and historical settings, and their exotic and exciting locales offer readers fast-paced escapes from the routine of daily life.

However, while Danielle Steel can lay claim to the largest readership in popular fiction, she is anything but a favourite among the critics. They point out what they see as major weaknesses in her novels—bad writing, shallow characterization, preposterous plot twists, unconvincing dialogue, sloppy and careless prose, frequent repetition of certain words and phrases, and rigid adherence to the “poor little rich girl” formula. But while critics pick flaws in her writing, her enormous popularity makes her impossible to ignore, forcing us to question whether the critics could have got it wrong, with hundreds of millions of readers disagreeing with them!

Despite their low appraisals of Steel's talents as a writer, critics concede that her tear-jerking tragedies and happy endings fill a need in her readers, be it a desire for a better life with a happy ending or simply a satisfying diversion from the daily routine.

In 1998 Danielle Steel divorced John Traina. She remarried for a 5th time shortly after, but that too ended in divorce. Since 2002 she has remained single, raising her children in a 55-room home located in San Francisco. Now 67 years of age, she continues to write at an incredible pace and her popularity worldwide continues unabated.

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Impossible Quiche

Ingredients:

125g ham, chopped

1 small onion, finely chopped

1 1/2 cups (180g) grated tasty cheese

1/3 cup (50g) self-raising flour

4 eggs

1 1/2 cups (375ml) milk

Salt & freshly ground pepper, to season

Method: Step 1. Preheat oven to 200°C. Grease a 5 cup

capacity pie dish.

Step 2. Combine ham, onion, cheese, flour, salt and pepper in a medium bowl. Scatter over base of dish.

Step 3. Whisk eggs and milk together in a large jug and pour over ham mixture. Cook for about 40 minutes or until puffed and golden. Cool slightly. Serve warm or cold.

Pizza Jaffle

Ingredients:

30g sliced ham

½ cup tasty cheese, grated

1/3 cup capsicum, diced

¼ cup fresh tomato, diced

½ cup fresh mushroom, sliced

¼ cup onion, finely diced

¼ teaspoon of dried basil

½ teaspoon of garlic, crushed

2 teaspoons of tomato paste

Directions: 1. Combine all ingredients in a bowl, except tomato paste and bread.

2. Spread butter onto one side of each slice of bread and tomato paste on the other side of each slice.

3. Place two slices, butter side down, into both halves of the sandwich maker.

4. Top each slice with pizza filling and then top with last two slices of bread.

5. Serve with either tinned spaghetti for a quick lunch or with a small bowl of soup during winter.

To prepare: 10 min To cook: 40 min Difficulty: Easy Taste: 5 star!

4 slices of bread

Margarine or butter to coat

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Word Search– Baby Animals

R E P P A L F R Y S B L C A T

A T B U N N Y M P H A A U S A

L T N G P T E A A L A M B A O

L S E G E L T N D N E T L Y H

I Q O L V G I Y U C F H L E S

P U G E G N I H C T A H W O R

R A R W F I T P K C W T A P C

E B H A O L P E L I N E V U J

T G N I L R E D I P S L R N N

A T O C R E M D N S P L A P E

C E A S S G V L G J I U L Y T

I L G L L N I E E L O P D A T

F W A K C I H C R T I E B I I

W O R R A F N W L E I N Y E K

F C R I A M A G G O T K G I N

BABY

BUNNY

CALF

CATERPILLAR

CHICK

COLT

CRIA

CUB

DUCKLING

EAGLET

ELVER

EPHYNA

EYAS

FARROW

FAWN

FINGERLING

FLAPPER

FLEDGLING

FOAL

FRY

JOEY

GOSLING

INFANT

JUVENILE

KID

KIT

KITTEN

LAMB

LARVA

LEVERET

MAGGOT

NYMPH

OWLET

PIGLET

PUGGLE

PULLET

PUP

SHOAT

SPAT

SPIDERLING

SQUAB

TADPOLE

WHELP

WORMLET

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Tom Roberts was born on March 9, 1856 in England. At the age of 13 his father died, and his mother and siblings migrated to Australia and settled in Collingwood. During the 1870’s he worked as a photographer’s assistant while studying art during the night under Louis Buvelot. Roberts moved back to London for 3 years from 1881 to 1884, to study at the Royal Academy of Arts. Upon his return to Australia, Roberts began working at his studio in Collins Street, Melbourne, while touring the colony seeking inspiration and benefactors.

Roberts was a slim 178cm, brown-eyed, brown-bearded, and prematurely balding man. All his life he retained his English accent. He was direct, definite and straightforward in manner, loved an argument, enjoyed relating anecdotes, and in his younger days was often the life of the party.

During 1890 he finished painting one of the most iconic pieces of his career—Shearing the Rams. Although not technically accurate as far as shearing goes, it is loved by Australians everywhere. After a lull, his career was then rekindled in 1903 when commissioned by a consortium of private benefactors to paint The Big Picture. Measuring 5.65m across, and 3.60m tall, it is painted on three separate pieces of canvas, stitched together.

Despite his advanced age, during World War I Roberts assisted at a hospital in England. Upon returning to Australia, he built a home at Kallista, in the Dandenong Ranges, near Melbourne. He died of cancer on September 14, 1931, and was buried near Longford, in Tasmania. Today, his works are hung in the grandest galleries throughout the country.

Shearing the Rams (1890). The iconic Australian painting lacks accuracy, with a sheep painted being pushed rather than dragged out of its holding pen.

Roberts working on The Big Picture, commemorating the opening of

Parliament house, Canberra, in 1901.

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Geelong– 150 years ago this month

“A Strange Fish”

Sir, - I have received several letters making inquiries as to the

identification of a fish referred to in the subjoined extract from a

Geelong newspaper, which, being unknown to the fishermen,

seems to have excited much interest. From a photograph obligingly

forwarded to me from Mr. Douglass, of Geelong, I perceive that the

fish is Callorhynchus Antarcticus,* a species which, though rare in

Hobson’s Bay, is not uncommon near Portland.

The following is the extract:-

“An extraordinary specimen of the finny tribe is to be seen at

Roffey’s fish shop, in the Market-square. It is something similar to

the silver porpoise, but there are some remarkable points about it

that deserve the attentional of our scientific savans.^

Its head is something between a shark’s and a whale’s ; it has a

spouting apparatus, an enormous mouth, two large and beautiful

eyes, and two bony projections from the belly near the tail, that

may be supposed to assist its movements in shallow water, either

as paddles, or for the purpose of crawling on the sands. It is about

eighteen inches long, and was netted in the Bay on Saturday

morning last.”

* Common name: Elephant fish

^ Scientists

About this magazine: This magazine has been produced as a community service by participants in the Work For The Dole scheme at Workskil- Corio branch office. This is part of a Job Services Australia initiative. All comments and views expressed in this publication are the opinions of the participants in the scheme and not

necessarily the views of Workskil or Job Services Australia. If you have any comments about information contained in this edition, or suggestions for future issues please contact us: Workskil WFTD Unit 1001 Corio Shopping Centre. Bacchus Marsh Rd. Corio 3214 Ph: (03) 5245 3000 Email: ssharp@workskil.com.au

(The Australasian July 1, 1865 p.9 )

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Find us at JillongPocket.wordpress.com

Dear Reader,

Sadly, this is the last edition we will be publishing of the

Since April 2010, 64 monthly editions of this popular Geelong magazine have been distributed across our city, around Melbourne, and as far as Perth, in Western Australia. Online editions have been downloaded all over the world. During this time we have endeavoured to faithfully tell the story of our beloved home town, and have appreciated hearing your comments of support over the years.

Of course, the main focus of this Work-for-the-Dole activity has been to provide training for unemployed people. Over the last 5 years, 151 unemployed men and women have contributed to over 1,000 articles in the Jillong Pocket, while receiving training in computers, office work, writing, communications, along with being given assistance in finding work. Without their enthusiastic efforts this publication would not have been possible.

We would love to continue bringing stories about Geelong to life, and have many more subjects in our library ready to research and write about. However, as of July 1, 2015, we will no longer be in a position to provide this service.

We would like to thank you, the readers, for your support and feedback. A number of you have contributed ideas and research for us to incorporate in our articles, adding to the accuracy and detail of the Jillong Pocket.

Workskil Australia will continue to offer employment services to Geelong and Victoria. For more information on these continued services please visit the website:

www.workskil.com.au

On Our Jillong Pocket Website

On our website, 3 final special editions have been added for readers:

The first is a compilation of the entire Corio—The Early Days series, with two extra chapters added to conclude the story.

The second is The Complete Then & Now series, with 9 extra scenes for you to compare.

The third is The Best of the Jillong Pocket, stories judged to be the best articles we have published over the past 5 years. We hope you enjoy them.