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New for 2015/2016Created by Mr Albans

Grammatical Terms Content• Noun/ Noun Phrase• Verb/ Modal Verb• Adjective• Conjunction• Pronoun• Possessive Pronoun• Relative Pronoun• Adverb• Adverbial Phrases• Relative Clauses• Preposition• Determiner• Subject and Object• Suffix• Prefix• Contractions• Synonym• Antonym• Subjunctive• Word Family• Active and Passive voice• Subordinating Conjunction

Types of nouns• Common noun – object • Proper noun – a unique person or place• Abstract noun – concept, idea, quality, feeling or trait

• Dylan received a certificate for bravery because he rescued a dog from a raging fire.

• It took a lot of dedication for Hannah to raise all of the money for the local charity.

• I’m hoping for some time for relaxation after I get home from school.

Abstract noun activity• Label the locations in a haunted school, using abstract nouns and

following the pattern.• The (Place) of (abstract noun)For Example• The corridor of despair

• The hallway, the playground, the staffroom, the library, the kitchen, the classroom.

• Now add an adjective (Describing Word)

• The corridor of infinite despair

Linking Verbs• Linking verbs do not describe actions but link the subject to

information in the predicate following the verb.

• The most common of these are the verbs to be and to have.

Present PastTo be: am are is was wereTo have: have has had

Others linking verbs include:

believe feel hate like love know need prefer see want

Auxiliary Verb

Come before the main verb to form a verb

Progressiveam are is was were walking

Perfecthas had have walked

ModalCan could may might will walkwould shall should must

Pronouns

• Personal I we you he she it they me us you then

• Possessive mine ours yours his hers its theirs• Reflexive myself yourself himself itself

ourselves yourselves themselves• Demonstrative this that these those• Indefinite another any anybody anything both

each either enough everybody everyone everything nobody none nothing one other(s) several some somebody someone something

Determiner/Pronoun

Determiners describe nouns

• Mary had drunk enough wine• Her stomach heaved

Pronouns replace nouns

• Mary had drunk enough.• Wine never agreed with her.

Determiner/Pronoun activity

Find the determiners and the pronouns from the short piece of writing below.

The little man could only stare. He hadn’t dreamed of the BIGNESS of the sea. He hadn’t dreamed of the blueness of it. He hadn’t thought it would roll like kettledrums, and swish itself onto the beach. He opened his mouth and the drift and the dream of it, the weave of the wave of it, the fume and the foam of it never left him again. At his feet the sea stroked the sand with soft little paws.

Adverbial

Adverbial phrases typically describe when, where or how an action is performed.

They often (but not always) begin with a preposition and end with a noun.

Jim skipped through the crowded tube station on Monday morning without a care in the world.

Subjunctives

The rule:

In a subordinate clause beginning with if use were instead of was.• I was a superhero• If I were a superhero I’d wear my pants outside my trousers.

• Jim was about to fulfil his wildest dreams• If Jim were about to fulfil his wildest dreams, he’d just

shrug.

Subject (Person) and object

Vocabulary Content

• Synonym

• Antonym

• Prefix (Before the word) – un-dis-de-mis-over-re-super-anti-auto

• Suffix (After the word) – ment-ness-ful-less-ly-er-ate-ise-ify

Noun Phrases

• Identify the noun phrases in the sentences below.

• A huge ram with handlebar horns charged across the field of wet grass towards two ramblers as they frantically scrambled over an old wooden fence

Progressive Tense• The verb to be can be placed before a main verb to describe actions in progress.

• Simple Present tense• Monsters eat children

• Progressive present tense• Monsters are eating children

• Simple past tense• The dog barked

• Progressive past tense• The dog was barking

Modal Verb

Can could may might must shall should will should

You ………… go to the ball.

How does each modal verb change the meaning of the sentence?

Active/Passive voice

If you can put the phrases by zombies at the end of the clause, the sentence is very likely in the passive voice.

Try these below

• A bat flew across the silvery moon.• Penicillin was discovered in 1928.• My poem about cheese mites has been published.• John’s false teeth went missing• The cake was smothered in chocolate.• Bananas are imported to Malaysia

Question tag

• Question tags are formed from opposing verb pairs

Grimsby fish docks really are beautiful, aren’t they.

You shouldn’t have eaten that cactus, should you?

I never (do) win at Peruvian space chess, do I?

The question tag is separated from the sentence with a comma

Exclamation

For the purpose of the test, an exclamation is required to start with either what or how:

What a lovely day!What a terrible idea!How exciting!How awful!

A sentence that end in an exclamation mark but which does not have one of these patterns is not considered to be creditworthy as an exclamation.

Relative ClauseStart with: who, which, where, when, whose, that (Omitted Pronoun)The fearsome dragon….That slayed the brave but foolish knightWho had vowed to rescue the fair maidenWho was trapped in the tall stone tower.That belonged to the wicked queenWho gazed all day in her magic mirrorWho stood upon a mahogany dresserThat was crafted by a skilled carpenterWho lived in the villageWhich nestled in the bend of a swift riverWho caught a silver-finned fishThat was stolen by a hungry catThat chased the big fat ratThat feasted upon ripe golden cherriesThat sat upon the old wooden tableThat stood in the house Jack built

Which clause is in bold in the sentences below? Main or subordinate?

The car, which was old and battered, raced to the finish line.

The test was easy because it only had two questions.

Although it was raining, we still went out to play.

While the birds were singing I hid under my pillow.

Other ClausesA clause must contain a verb

A subordinate clause modifies the main clause and cannot function independently

Adverbial ClauseWhen they went to the park, the children played on the swings.

Relative ClauseThe children played on the swings, which were in the park.

Non-Finite clauseThe children, laughing loudly, played on the swings.

Preposition/ConjunctionA few words can be both a preposition and a conjunction

After before since until

A conjunction heads up a clause so a verb will follow it

After the match finishedBefore I have breakfastSince Jim arrived at workUntil dawn broke

A preposition heads up a phrase so no verb will need to follow.

After dinnerBefore the end of the filmSince this morningUntil late that day

Conjunction

Coordinating and so but or yet

Joins words, phrases and clauses Goes between the things they join.

Subordinating after although as because before if once since unless until when whenever whereas while

Join clausesGoes before or between the things they join

Conjunction Types

Two checks…..If there’s not a whole sentence either side it’s coordinating

If the following clause can move, it’s subordinating

Examples Below

I like ice-skating and roller skating.

James likes roller-skating but he has never tried ice-skating

James will go roller-skating if I go with him.

The use of commas• Commas change the meaning of relative clauses

• Monsters that have sharp teeth eat children• Some of the group

• Monsters, which have two legs, run quickly• All of the group

• The monster who was covered in spots hid under the bed• One of the group

Alfonso, who is covered in spikes, hid under the bed.

All of the group (there’s only one Alfonso)

Word Family

Work out the meanings of these roots from the words provided

spect inspect spectacle spectatedict dictionary predict dictateclude conclude secluded Includetract subtract attract tractorverse Converse Inverse Reversenym Synonym Anonymous Pseudonymcept Intercept Accept Concept

Pick the correct word or words from the options for each sentence below:

1. The window was broke / broken / broked / breaked by the ball.

2. Mandy writ / wrote / witten / has wrote a letter.

3. Benjie has eaten / eated / ate / eaten a large cucumber.

Use I or me for each sentence below:1. I wanted Dad to watch ________ in the football match.2. He walked to school with Danny and ____ .3. My teacher told Terry and ____ to collect the books.4. Eddie came to school with Jim and _____ .5. Ben and ____ are going to the cinema tomorrow.

Use the correct word for each sentence below:

are is has have

1. Benny and James ___________ gone outside.2. The dogs ___________ sitting by the fire.3. Sammy ____________ remembered his homework.4. My football coach __________ teaching me how to

dribble.5. Elephants ______ wonderful animals.6. I love my bags. They _____________ beautiful.7. School uniform __________ better than mufty.8. He _____ gone away on holiday.

Which of the words below need a capital letter?

billy came to our school today from canada. he wants to learn french.

we enjoyed visiting prince rock primary school on wednesday.

all the english supporters waved their flags when england scored a goal.

Look at the underlined words. Which are nouns and which are adjectives?

I thought the play was boring but James said he was excited when he listened to the songs.Carefully I opened the box. Inside I found a red hat and a blue coat.Yesterday I bought: a new pencil; 15 handmade cookies; a selection of pens and a large grapefruit.

Which of these sentences use the correct plural?

a. The childs are eating lots of cake.b. Gentleman usually wear trousers or shorts.c. The children enjoyed watching the play.

Select the correct plural for each sentence.

1. The child / children / childs are playing on the field.2. Women / woman / womens / womans are welcome to

use the upstairs toilet.3. Sheeps / sheep look nice and warm with their thick coats.4. I like to watch the fishes / fish / fishs at the aquarium.5. My foots / feets / feet ache today.6. The mouses / mice / mices enjoyed the cheese.

Copy and complete the table of irregular plurals. (the first one has been done for you)

One Manytable tables

windowsfishsheep

childrenwomangoosetooth

menwomen

Can you think of any other irregular plurals?

Write the correct contraction to replace the underlined words.

I can not eat that cake, it is too big!

He will not go outside because he is afraid.

I will try my best but I can not promise to get it right.

Do not shout at me or I will send you to your room.

You are annoying me today.

Find the article in the sentences below.

1. We went to the park.2. We sat on the table.3. He rode a bike.4. Walking along the beach is fun.5. We bought an orange.

Choose the correct article.

1. He sat on a / an coach.2. He ate an / a apple.3. She cut up a / an onion.