LLarge arge AArea rea SStorage torage TTank ank FFires Require Strongires Require Strong ARAR--AFFF Agents as Defined by LASTFIREAFFF Agents as Defined by LASTFIRE

Dr. Kirtland P. ClarkVP of R&D

Chemguard, LTD

3rd Reebok Foam Seminar September 3&4 2007

Large Area Storage Tank Fires (LASTFIRE) Must Be Fought With Premium Foam Concentrates

LASTFIRE Test ProtocolLASTFIRE Test Protocol

• Protocol developed by Resource Protection International (RPI) underthe sponsorship of BP.

• Examine three methods of delivering foam to the tank fire.

• Designed to identify factors important in evaluating and choosing fireextinguishing foam concentrates acceptable for Large Storage TankFires (LASTFIRE).

• Evaluate storage and handling of foam concentrates to assureacceptable performance.

Preburn

period

Taken from LASTFIRE report; September 2002

Starting foam application (using the semiStarting foam application (using the semi--aspiratedaspiratedmonitor nozzle in this case)monitor nozzle in this case)

Taken from LASTFIRE report; September 2002

System NozzleSystem Nozzle2.50 lpm/m2 Rate2.50 lpm/m2 Rate

Taken from LASTFIRE report; September 2002

Aspirating Aspirating Monitor Monitor ApplicationApplication3.63 lpm/m3.63 lpm/m2 2 RateRate

Taken from LASTFIRE report; September 2002

SemiSemi--Aspirating Aspirating Monitor ApplicationMonitor Application3.74 lpm/m2 Rate3.74 lpm/m2 Rate

Taken from LASTFIRE report; September 2002

3

ExtinguishmentExtinguishment

10

Vapour SealVapour Seal

23 - - Torch Pass 2

12 - Torch Pass 1

END- 30

BurnbackBurnback

25 - - Burnback Pot (removal @ 26)

PreburnPreburn

0Test SequenceTest Sequence

Schematic of LASTFIRE test sequenceSchematic of LASTFIRE test sequence

Taken from LASTFIRE report; September 2002

Taken from LASTFIRE report

65%

15%

Extinguishment

Fire Control 5%

BurnbackResistance

Relative Importance of LASTFIRE Test Fire Performance CriteriaRelative Importance of LASTFIRE Test Fire Performance Criteria(Developed from poll of end users)

25% 50% 80% 100%

Poor Fire / Level IVPerformance or FAIL

Reduced Fire / Level IIIPerformance

Acceptable Fire / Level IIPerformance

Good Fire / Level I Performance

0%

Vapor SuppressionTorch Test 2 – 7.5%

Vapor SuppressionTorch Test 1 – 7.5%

LASTFIRE Testing of CUG (3X3) ProductionLASTFIRE Testing of CUG (3X3) Production August 2006August 2006

What is meant by What is meant by ““Product PerfectProduct Perfect””??

• 11 Consecutive batches of CUG were produced and testedunder Resource Protection International (RPI) monitoringby Richard Coates.

• Tests were run indoors with and without the overhead dooropen.

• Tests were run in Texas in August while ambienttemperatures were as high as 110F.

• 30 of 33 tests were Good/Level I and 3 tests were highAcceptable/Level II.

LASTFIRE RESULTS LASTFIRE RESULTS ––

ASPIRATED NOZZLEASPIRATED NOZZLE11 Batches of CUG (3x3) Verified by Richard Coates of RPI

Tap Water and Time in Seconds from Foam On

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 AV.

ControlTime

Exting.Time

Extinguish Score = +65, all batches are extinguished before 180 sec.

Control Score = +5, all batches are controlled before 120 sec.

For For ExtingExting. and Control all 11 Batches = 70 points, the maximum. and Control all 11 Batches = 70 points, the maximumTotal Score: 10 = 100% and 1 = 97.5%, Average = 99.8%Total Score: 10 = 100% and 1 = 97.5%, Average = 99.8%

LASTFIRE RESULTS LASTFIRE RESULTS ––

SYSTEM NOZZLESYSTEM NOZZLE11 Batches of CUG (3x3) Verified by Richard Coates of RPI

Tap Water and Time in Seconds from Foam On

0

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 AV.

ControlTime

Exting.Time

Control Score = +5, all batches are controlled before 120 sec.

Extinguish Score = +65 below line, +55 above

ForFor ExtingExting. and Control 10 Batches = 70 and 1 Batch 65 points. and Control 10 Batches = 70 and 1 Batch 65 pointsTotal Score: 1 = 100%, Lowest 2 = 75%, Average = 85.6% Total Score: 1 = 100%, Lowest 2 = 75%, Average = 85.6%

LASTFIRE RESULTS LASTFIRE RESULTS ––

SEMISEMI--ASPIRATED NOZZLEASPIRATED NOZZLE11 Batches of CUG (3x3) Verified by Richard Coates of RPI

Tap Water and Time in Seconds from Foam On

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 AV.

ControlTime

Exting.Time

Extinguish Score = +65 below line, +55 above

Control Score = +5 below line, +2 above

For For ExtingExting. and Control Batches 6 = 70, 4=60 and 1 =57 points. and Control Batches 6 = 70, 4=60 and 1 =57 pointsTotal Score: 7 = 100%, Lowest 1 = 85%, Average = 95.8% Total Score: 7 = 100%, Lowest 1 = 85%, Average = 95.8%

LASTFIRE RESULTS LASTFIRE RESULTS ––

SEA WATERSEA WATERBatch 4 of CUG (3x3) Verified by Richard Coates of RPI

Time in Seconds from Foam On

Exting. Score = +65 points for all nozzles, less than 180 sec.

Control Score = +5 points for allLess than 120 sec.

For For ExtingExting. and Control Batch 4 = 70 points, the maximum. and Control Batch 4 = 70 points, the maximum

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Aspirated System Semi-Aspir.

ControlTime

Exting.Time

Total Score: Total Score: AspirAspir. = 100%, System = 100%, Semi. = 100%, System = 100%, Semi--AspirAspir. = 95% . = 95%

LASTFIRE Testing of CUG (3X3) ProductionLASTFIRE Testing of CUG (3X3) Production

Results of the 33 LASTFIRE Tests:Results of the 33 LASTFIRE Tests:

• Average: Semi-aspirated 85.6 Good/Level I

Aspirated 99.8 Good/Level I

System 95.8 Good/Level I

All 33 fires 93.7 Good/Level I

ChemguardChemguard Recommends Recommends UltraguardUltraguardFor Large Tank Fire ProtectionFor Large Tank Fire Protection

• Only 3 other multipurpose products performed as well.

• In Norway, Ultraguard rated GOOD with all threeLASTFIRE monitors with Tap Water.

• Only Ultraguard has performed GOOD in both Tap and Salt Water.

Performance in LASTFIREPerformance in LASTFIRE

• In Mansfield, TX, Ultraguard rated GOOD with all threeLASTFIRE monitors with Salt Water.

• In Norway, only one product passed LASTFIRE withSalt Water and then only with one monitor not all three.

Using Chemguard and Ciba Chemical technology:

• Chemguard has invented a new method of extinguishingClass B nonpolar and polar fires covered under USPatent 7,011,763.

• FluoroSurfactant Free Foams are claimed based onspecified high molecular weight fluoropolymers (HMWFP)which extinguish fires as effectively as AFFF/AR-AFFFs.

• Fires are extinguished due to HMWFP stabilization of foambubbles to heat and hot fuel, not by film formation

• When used with fluorosurfactants, HMWPs allow theformulation of fluorine efficient AR-AFFF agents.

ChemguardChemguard Chemical R&DChemical R&D

ChemguardChemguard Chemical R&DChemical R&D

Using technology from US Patent 7,011,763 and Chemguard FP-5100 series fluoropolymers:

• Ultraguard was developed having exceptional UL162and LASTFIRE performance, with 54% fluorine asHMWFP and total 0.5%F.

• Chemguard C-333 was developed having exceptionalUL162 performance, with 83% fluorine as HMWFP andtotal 0.2%F.

ChemguardChemguard Chemical R&DChemical R&D

Is there any environmental advantage to using HMWFP technology?

• Yes, because of the effectiveness of the HMWFPs instabilizing foam bubbles, much lower fluorinelevels provide exceptional fire performance.

• Yes, the US EPA considers high molecular weight polymersas a generic class as having less potential for negativeenvironmental impact.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

AR-AFFF

3M ATC-603

Chemguard CUG

Chemguard C-333

Grams of Fluorine Used on 1,000 ft2 Fire at 0.10 Rate for 5 min.Chemguard AR-AFFF Products, Based on Fluorine Assay

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

BOD COD

Chemguard C-303

Chemguard C-333

Ultraguard

3% Protein

Johnson's BabyShampoo

Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact Analysis by Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PAAnalysis by Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA

BODBOD2020 , COD, COD2020 as gm/las gm/l

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

BOD/COD TOC

Chemguard C-303

Chemguard C-333

Ultraguard

3% Protein

Johnson's BabyShampoo

Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact Analysis by Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PAAnalysis by Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA

BODBOD2020 /COD/COD2020 as Percent, TOC as gm/las Percent, TOC as gm/l