LEAVES

Palmately simple leaf. Perfoliate leaves

Alternate leaf arrangement

Whorled leaf

Alternate leaves Peltate leaves

Alternate leaves Perfoliate leaves

Pinnately compound leaves Bipinnately compound leaves

Pinnately compound leaves Pinnately compound leaves

Pinnately compound leaves

Perfoliate leaves

FLOWER

Simple umbel

Simple umble

Simple umbel

Simple umbel

Panicle

FERN

Frond

The coiled “fiddlehead” of fern leaves are rooled-up leaf buds. Fiddleheads are formed by a pattern of growth called circinate vernation, as shown in this Blechnum fern.

Fern sporangia . Most ferns have sporangia aggregated into clusters, called sori, on the undersides of the leaves.

In some ferns, such as the marginal wood fern (Dryopteris marginalis), each sorus is covered by a flap of leaf tissue called an indusium.

EPIPHYTE

Grows upon another plant (such as tree) non-parasitically or sometimes upon other objects ( such as a building or telegraph wire). Derives its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain and sometimes from debris accumulating around it.

Equisetum (Equisitophyta)1.Its stem is the dominant photosynthetic organ of the plant body.2.The conspicuous feature of the stem is the series of joints formed by a whorl of small leaves.3.The leaves are fused along most of the length of the stem, but their brown tips give the appearance of a collar around the stem at the joints.

Strobili, or cones, are aggregations of closely packed sporangium-bearing branches or leaves.

BRYOPHYTE

This is a type of thallose liverwort. During sexual reproduction, spores produced in the capsule germinate to form independent male and female gametophytes. Marchantia also reproduces asexually by fragmentation and gemmae.

Gemmae cup

GYMNOSPERM

Pinophyta (common name: conifers) The leaves are scale-like. No fascicles.

CARNIVOROUS PLANTPERIUK KERANephenthes sp.

Derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoan, typically insects and other arthropod.

Carnivorous plants appear to adapt and grow in places where the soil is low in nutrients.

Female part of Nepenthes sp.

Male part ofNepenthes sp.

PERIUK KERA