KWSB-benchmarkingdata

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Benchmarking Urban Water & Sanitation Utilities Water & Sanitation Program South Asia

WATER & SANITATION PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKING INDICATORS

A. Coverage

INDICATOR UNIT DEFINITION (IN BLUE)COMMENTS/REMARKS/DETAILS (IN BLACK)INFORMATION TO BE COLLECTED (IN RED)

1. Water Coverage 85.7% Population with easy access to water services (either with direct serviceconnection or within 200m of a standpost or served by other sources ofpotable water provided by the utility e.g. deep bore handpumps)/totalpopulation under utilitys notional responsibility, expressed inpercentage.

Population of the city is 9.8 M (1998 census), 14 M (JICA 2005 report)and 12.8 M (ADB 2005 report). Water department staff uses 13 M whilethe planning department uses 14 M figures for their calculations.Based on 14 M figure:Through legal connections = 9.0 M (64%)Theft & lossess in Katchi Abadies = 2.7 M ( 19%)Through Tankers = 0.3 M ( 2%)

2. Sewerage Coverage 70% - 75% Population with sewerage services (direct service connection)/totalpopulation under utilitys notional responsibility, expressed inpercentage.

About 70% area of Karachi is covered by KWSB. The detail of remaining30% area is as underArea Sewerage Responsibility5 Cantonment Boards Cantonment Boards

Karachi Development Authority (KDA)Karachi Municipal Corporation (KMC) EDO (W&S), CDGKDistrict Municipal Corporations (DMCs)Zonal Municipal Corporation (ZMC)

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Katchi Abadies Sindh Katchi Abadi AuthorityEDO (W&S), CDGK

Private Housing Societies 95% Housing societies and5% KWSB

B. Water Consumption and Production

INDICATOR UNIT DEFINITION (IN BLUE)COMMENTS/REMARKS/DETAILS (IN BLACK)

INFORMATION TO BE COLLECTED (IN RED)3. Water Production 173 lpcd Total annual water supplied to the distribution system (ex-treatment plant

and including purchased water, if any) expressed by population servedper day.540 MGD for 14 M population

4. Water Consumption 114 lpcd

140 lpcd

(Total annual water sold + Total annual volume of free supplies)expressed by population served per dayTotal Water sold = Total water supplied UFW= 540-189=351= 351+ free supply (4 MGD)

= 355 MGD for 14 M population

the 114 lpcd figure will improve if we include water illegal consumedwater through leakages and theft 355 + 81 MGD for 14 M population

Breakup of water consumption is as follows:4 MGD gratis supply through tankers (2%)55 MGD for industries (16%)12 MGD for commercial (3%)3.5 MGD for agriculture (1%)

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276.5 for domestic (78%)

351 MGD

5. Metered WaterConsumption

lpcd

Total annual metered water consumed expressed by metered populationserved per day

C. Unaccounted for Water


6. Unaccounted-for-Water

20 %

Difference between total water produced (ex-treatment plant) and totalwater consumed (which is water sold plus free supplies) expressed as apercentage of total water produced.

Transmission losses 5% = 27 MGDHead Loses 5% = 27 MGDFriction losses 5% = 27 MGDLeakages Losses 10% = 54 MGDTheft losses 10% = 54 MGD

Total 35% = 189 MGD

It is estimated that about 50% of water lost in leakages and 100% lost intheft losses is consumed by residents.Total water produced = 540 MGDTotal Water Consumed = water sold+ free supplies + consumptionagainst leakages = 347+4+81= 432540-432= 108

Total water produced = 540 MGDTotal Water Consumed = water sold+ free supplies= 347+4= 351

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35% 540-351= 189 MGD

7. Non-Revenue Water 35.7% Difference between total water produced (ex treatment plant) and totalwater sold expressed as a percentage of total water produced.

Total water produced = 540 MGDTotal water sold = 347 MGD for 14 M population540-347 = 193 MGD

D. Metering Practices


8. Proportion of connectionsthat are metered

% Total number of metered water connections expressed as a percentage oftotal number of connections

9. Proportion of functionalmeters

% Total number of water connections with functional/operating metersexpressed as a percentage of total number of metered water connections

10. Proportion of water soldthat is metered

% Volume of water sold that is metered expressed as a percentage of totalvolume of water sold

E. Pipe Network Performance


11. Pipe Breaks breaks/km/yr. Total number of pipe breaks per year expressed per km of the waterdistribution network.

12. Sewerage Blockages blockages/km/ Total number of blockages per year expressed per km of sewers

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yr.

F. Cost and Staffing


13. Unit Operational Cost

Rs. 22.94/000glnssold

Rs.14.74/000glnproduced

Total annual operating expenses1/Total annual volume of water sold.Total annual operating expenses1/Total annual water of water produced.

For FY 2004-05Total operating expanses = Rs. 2906.66 MTotal annual volume of water sold = 347*365 = 126655 MG/year

Total operating expanses = Rs. 2906.66 MTotal annual volume of water sold = 540*365 = 197100 MG/year

14. Staff/000 Water conn.Staff/000 W&S conn.

6/1000connections

Total number of staff expressed as per thousand water connections andper thousand water and sewerage connections.

15. Salary Costs as aproportion of OperatingCosts

32 % Total annual salary costs (including salaries, wages, pensions, otherbenefits, etc.) expressed as a percentage of total annual operating costs.

For FY 2004-05Total operating cost = Rs. 2906.66 MTotal salaries + benefits = Rs. 934 M

16. Power/Electricity Costsas a proportion of OperatingCosts

58 % Total annual power/electricity costs of the utility expressed as apercentage of total annual operating costs.

For FY 2004-05Total operating cost = Rs. 2906.66 MTotal power/electricity cost = Rs. 1672,05 M

17. Contracted-out service NIL Total cost of services contracted-out to the private sector expressed as a

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costs as a proportion ofOperating Costs

percentage of total annual operating costs.

Note 1: Annual operating expenses exclude depreciation, interest and debt service

G. Quality of Service


18. Continuity of Service Hrs/day Average hours of service per day for water supply.

On average10% - 15 % receives 2hrs/week20% - 25% receives 4-5 hrs/3 days

30% - 35% receives 4-6 hrs/alternate day25% - 30% receives 10-12 hrs/day andlucky 5% receives 24/hrs day

19. Complaints about W&Sservices

% of W&Sconn

Total number of W&S complaints per year expressed as a percentage ofthe total number of W&S connections

Sewerage: Jan-Aug 2005, 135400 complaints received, 129984 resolved

20. Wastewater treatment 17 % Proportion of total sewage generated that is treated by at least primary

treatment (including screening).

There is no mechanism to measure actual volume of wastewater. KWSBuses conventional formula of 65% of total water supplied is wastewater540MGD * 65%= 351 MGD is volume of wastewater. Three Treatmentplants are operational receiving and treating about 90 MGD. 351-90= 261MGD wastewater is discharged into Liyari (60%) and Malir (40%)untreated.90/540 * 100 = 17

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H. Billings and Collections

INDICATOR UNIT DEFINITION (IN BLUE)

COMMENTS/REMARKS/DETAILS (IN BLACK)INFORMATION TO BE COLLECTED (IN RED)

21. Average Tariff Rs./m3/yr. Total annual operating revenues (W&S) expressed by annual amount ofwater sold.

22. Residential fixed charge Rs./conn./yr. Any fixed component of the residential tariff (total amount).

23. Ratio of industrial toresidential charges

% The average charge (per m3) to industrial customers compared againstthe average charge (per m3) to residential customers.

24. Connection charge Water Supply and Sewerage

Rs. One time charge for obtaining a residential piped water supplyconnection and a residential sewer connection.

25. Collection Period yearly Year-end accounts receivable/Total annual operating revenues expressedin months equivalent of sales.

I. Financial Performance


26. Working Ratio 1.1 Ratio Total annual operating expenses/Total annual operating revenues

For FY 2004-05Operating expanses = Rs. 2906.66Operating Revenues = Rs. 2553.592906.66/2553.59 = 1.3

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27. Debt Service Ratio % OperatingRevenues

Total annual debt service costs expressed as a percentage of total annualoperating revenues.

J. Capital Investment


28. Investments % OperatingRevenues

Total annual investments expressed as a percentage of total annualoperating revenues.

BENCHMARKING WATER AND SANITATION UTILITIES

DATA DEFINITIONS

The benchmarking data lists, and their associated definitions, are provided in the Table below. Almost all data items arerequired as either a numerator or a denominator for one or more of the core cost and performance indicators. The few that arenot used for this purpose have been collected to provide additional data that will be helpful in making comparisons betweenutilities. These additional data items are identified by the letters FIO (For Information Only).

Please provide the information/figures for all the data items for the Financial Years (FY) 2000-01, 2001-02 and 2002-03 i.e. for the years ending 31st Mar 2001, 31st Mar 2002 and 31st Mar 2003 respectively.

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S No. Data Item DEFINITION (IN BLUE)COMMENTS/REMARKS/DETAILS (IN BLACK)INFORMATION TO BE COLLECTED (IN RED)

Unit

I General Information: Utility

1 Utility name Full name of utility. Please provide:Long name up to 50 charactersShort name up to 20 characters

Karachi Water & Sewerage Board (KWSB)

Text

2 Contact Name, Address, Tel. #, Fax #, e-mail Full contact details to allow communication withWSP

Text

3 Country (FIO) State country in which utility is locatedPakistan

Text

4 Region/State (FIO) State region/state within countrySind

Text

5 City (FIO) State City on which utility services are centeredKarachi

Text

6 Minimum Annual Salary (FIO) Country/Region/Citys minimum annual per capitasalary

Rs./yr.

II General Information: Utility Service Area

1 Total Population. Total population under notional responsibility of theutility irrespective of whether they receive service

12.8 M14 M

000 inhabitants

2 Type of services provided Specify if : (A) Water only (B) Sewerage only (C)Water and sewerage (D) Water, sewerage and other(C)

A,B,C,D as thecase may be

3 Nature of service area Specify if : (1) Urban; (2) Rural; or (3) Urban andrural.(3)

1,2,3 as the casemay be

4 Number of Towns served with Water (FIO) Total number of towns under responsibility of the Number

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Unit

utility irrespective of their service coverage.

18 + 2 = 205 Number of Towns served with Sewerage (FIO) Total number of towns under responsibility of the

utility irrespective of their service coverage.

18 some partially some fully

Number

6 Total Number of Staff Total number of staff working at the utility.

1992-3 1995-6 1997-8 2004-512281 13865 8748 8260

Number

7 Extent of private sector involvement in the routine

operation of the facility (i.e. excluding capitalcreation and procurement)

Look at the use of the private sector in routine

operation of the utility e.g. O&M, landscaping,security, billing, etc. - A) None B) multiple servicecontracts C) management contract(s) D) leasecontract(s) E) concession contract(s) F)BOOT/BOT(s) G) full divestiture to private sectorA

A, B, C, D, E, F,

G as the casemay be

III Water service

1 Population served Population under responsibility of the utility withaccess to water through house connections and

standpipes (including other sources of potable waterwhich are provided by the utility e.g. deep borehandpumps)

000 inhabitants

2 Water Connections year end Number of water connections at year-end. 000

3 Households connected year end Number of households served at year-end(households might not correspond to connections e.g.cities with hi-rises/apartment blocks, etc served by asingle connection; so this figure should include thetotal number of households in each high-

000

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Unit

rise/apartment block).

4 Inhabitants/household Number of inhabitants per household. Number5 Metered Connections Total number of metered water connections 000

6 Connections with operating/functional meters Total number of metered water connections whosemeters are functional/operating at year end

000

7 Metered Household Connections Total number of household connections that aremetered

000

8 Households with operating/functional meter Total number of metered household connectionswhose meters are functional/operating at year end

000

9 Length of water distribution network Total length of the distribution network (excludingtransmission lines)

Km

10 Volume of water produced Total volume of water produced for the service area(ex-treatment plant and including purchased water, ifany).

Million m3/year

11 Volume of water sold - metered Total volume of water billed which is metered. Million m3/year

12 Volume of water sold - unmetered Total volume of water billed which is unmetered. Million m3/year

13 Volume of free supplies Total Volume of water that is supplied by the utilityfree of cost (through public standposts)

Million m3/year

14 Volume of water sold to residential customers -metered

Total volume of water billed to residential customerswhich is metered.

Million m3/year

15 Volume of water sold to residential customers

unmetered

Total volume of water billed to residential customers

which is unmetered.

Million m3/year

16 Volume of water sold to industrial customers Total volume of water billed to industrial customers Million m3/year

17 Number of Pipe Breaks Total number of water pipe breaks in the distributionnetwork during the year.

Number

18 Duration of supply Average hours of service /day. Hrs/day

19 Number of complaints Total number of customer complaints related to thewater service during the year.

Number

IV Sewerage service

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Unit

1 Population served Population under responsibility of the utility with

sanitation services through house connections.

000 inhabitants

2 Sewerage connections year end Number of sewerage connections at year end inthousands.

000

3 Households connected year end Number of households served at year end inthousands (households might not correspond toconnections e.g. cities with hi-rises/apartmentblocks, etc served by a single connection; so thisfigure should include the total number of householdsin each high-rise/apartment block)).

000

4 Length of sewers Total length of the sewerage network. 3500 miles 6-

845 Number of complaints Total number of customer complaints related to the

sewerage service during the yearNumber

6 Number of sewerage blockages Total number of sewerage blockages in thecollection network during the year.

Number

7 Sewage Generated Total Volume of sewage generated from the servicearea under the Utility

Million m3/year

8 Sewage Collected Total Volume of sewage collected from the servicearea under the Utility

Million m3/year

9 Wastewater treatment Proportion of sewage generated that is treated to at

least primary level (i.e. screening and settlement ofinfluent sewage)

%

V Financial Information

The information to be provided in this section is self-explanatory. However, definitions are givenwhen ambiguity might exist. Much of the information is available in the annual financial statements.Otherwise, the source of information should be specified. If possible please comments on how fixed assetsare valued. All information is annual and should be provided in local currency.

1 Total Operating Revenues Total billing of water and sewerage services, Rs. 2553

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Unit

connection fees, well abstraction fees, reconnection

fees and other operational revenues includingsubsidies, but excluding all taxes

2 Total billings to residential customers Total amount billed to residential customers duringthe year to include fixed and volumetric chargesonly.

Rs.

3 Total billings to industrial customers Total amount billed to industrial customers duringthe year to include fixed and volumetric chargesonly

Rs.

4 Total Operational Expenses Total operational expenses (W&S) excludingdepreciation and financing charges (interest and

principal repayments).

Rs. 2906.66

5 Salary Costs Total annual salary costs (including salaries, wages,pensions, other benefits, etc.).

Rs. 934.40

6 Power/Electricity Costs Total annual power/electricity costs of the utility Rs. 1672.05

7 Contracted out Services costs Costs of all services within Item II (7) above whichare provided by private firms.

Nil

8 Total Net Fixed Assets Net Book Value of fixed assets at year end Rs. 26117.920M

9 Total Debt Service Total annual debt service costs (Including interestand repayment of principal)

Rs. 1323.74 M

10 Annual Investments Amount of capital investment during the year -11 Year end accounts receivable Total of all accounts receivable at year end including

water billings, and all other outstanding invoices.Rs. 1159.07 M

VI Tariff Information

The information to be provided in this section is also self-explanatory. This information should beobtained from the tariff structure.

1 Tariff Structure Provide complete tariff structure for all categories of consumers (domestic, commercial and industrial)

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Unit

2 Fixed charge per month for residential customers The fixed component of the bill (if any) for the

provision of water and wastewater services. Indicateno fixed charge with a Zero

Rs./month

3 Connection charges Water Lump sum cost for residential water connection Rs.

4 Connection charges Sewers Lump sum cost for residential sewer connection Rs.

BEST PRACTIC

Various studies of World Bank, proposes the following best practices targets for utilities in developing countries. The following figuresare based upon the actual performance of the top 25% of 123 utilities studied in 44 developing countries by World Bank in 2000:

Unaccounted for water < 23%

5 or fewer staff per 000 connections

A working ratio of 0.7

A billing collection period of 3 month or less

Connection fee no higher than 20% of the annual per capita GDP

24 hours service ideally

100% coverage - ideally

Maximum metered connection

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Consumption based tariff

Phnom Penh example

Phnom Penh, the capital of the Kingdom of Cambodia, has a total land area of 375 km2 divided into 7 districts. The city center, 7.5%of the total land area, consist of 4 small districts, is populated by 55% of the total one million Phnom Penh inhabitants. Main source ofwater is the river and the quality of the rivers water changes under the influence of the monsoon.

In 1993 the utility received foreign funding and embarked upon brining reform in water and sanitation sector. Ten years down the lanetheir performance is remarkable.

Performance Improvement1993 2003

1. Staff/1000 Connections 22 52. Qualified Staff 42 1723. Capacity, m3/day 65,000 235,0004. Coverage 25% 80%5. Supply Network 280km 870km6. Supply Pressure 0.2 bar 2 bar7. Supply Duration 10 hr/day 24 hr/day8. Connections 26,881 95,0009. Illegal Connections >300/year


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11. Billing Ratio 28% 94%12. Collection Ratio 50% 99%13. Non-revenue Water 72% 16%14. Total Income 0.7 bill. R 34 bill. R

15. Operating Expenses 1.4 bill. R 9.4 bill. R16. Total Expenses N/A 27 bill. R

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