· KUSSMAUL – Corn Sales Managers Paul Klinkhammer – President, Kussmaul Seed Co. Inc....

Seed & Crop Solution GuideGenetic Diversity for Protection and Security

Corn Seed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page 8

RFS Silage Seed . . . . . . . Page 26

Organic Corn . . . . . . . . . . Page 30

Soybeans Seed . . . . . . . . Page 36

Alfalfa Seed . . . . . . . . . . . Page 42

Seed Treatments . . . . . . . .Page 46

Forage Seed . . . . . . . . . . . Page 48

Small Grains Seed . . . . . . Page 56

Wildlife Seed . . . . . . . . . . Page 58

Agronomic Info . . . . . . . . Page 60

2021

This publication has been prepared in good faith on the basis of information available at the date of publication without any independent verification. The descriptions and ratings presented within this seed guide are based on observations made throughout the year by the breeders, product development personnel and Kussmaul Seed personnel.

Copyright © 2020, by Kussmaul Seeds, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some crop protection products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your local extension service to ensure registration status. Agrisure®, Agrisure Artesian®, Agrisure Duracade®, Agrisure Viptera®, Artesian ™, CruiserMaxx®, Cruiser®, Apron XL®, E-Z Refuge® and Maxim®, Apron XL®, ApronMaxx® are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. Acceleron and Design®, DroughtGard®, Genuity Design®, Genuity Icons, Genuity®, Precept™, RIB Complete and Design®, RIB Complete®, Roundup PowerMAX®, Roundup Ready 2 Technology and Design®, Roundup Ready 2 Yield®, Roundup Ready®, Roundup Technology®, Roundup®, Roundup® Ready Plus, SmartStax and Design®, SmartStax®, VT Double PRO® and VT Triple PRO® are trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC. Liberty and LibertyLink are registered trademarks of BASF. Enlist E3™ soybeans were jointly developed by Dow AgroSciences LLC and MS Technologies, LLC. ®™ Enlist, Enlist E3, the Enlist E3 logo, and Colex-D are trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow. Poncho®, Votivo® and Thieram® are registered trademarks of Bayer. Herculex® is a registered trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC. Respect the Refuge and Corn Design® and Respect the Refuge® are registered trademarks of National Corn Growers Association. Optimize® is a registered trademark of Novozymes Bio Ag Inc. N-Take™ and N-Dure™ are trademarks of Verdesain Life Sciences. Avipel®Shield is a registered trademark of Arkion Life Sciences. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Farming with COVID-19It's hard to believe that the start to another cycle of seed choices is upon us already. With all the lock downs, social distancing, no schools, no sports, no farm shows, or no fairs, the summer really has gone quite quickly. While we have tried our best to balance farm visits with everyone's safety as our top priority, we hope everyone understands if we have not made it to your farm yet this summer.

To help with the social distancing and safety concerns of both our salespeople and customers, please take time to read through our 2021 seed buyers guide. We have tried to make early ordering as convenient, easy, and financially incentivized as possible to our customers. Take advantage of the early season savings by calling your salesperson, our office, or emailing us at [email protected] to place your order. We will still try to stop by for an on-farm visit as the season progresses.

Paul Klinkhammer

Have a great year, and thank you for your business from your Kussmaul Sales Team.

.9020 Highway 18

Mt. Hope, WI 53816Phone: 608-988-4568 • Toll Free: 866-KUSSMAUL • Fax: 608-988-4576

email: [email protected] • www.kussmaulseeds.com

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Sales ManagersPaul Klinkhammer – President, Kussmaul Seed Co. Inc.Office: 608-988-4568

Steve Mueller – Area Manager, S Wisconsin, IllinoisHome: 608-929-7527Cell: 608-574-4656

Roy Hardy – Area Manager, N Wisconsin, MinnesotaHome: 715-877-2757Cell: 715-610-6000

Bruce Kleve – Area Manager, IowaHome: 563-423-7312Cell: 563-880-2681

Blackhawk Nutrients – Distributor & Dealer, NW WisconsinBruceOffice: 715-698-2436Cell: 715-977-0899

Doug Wilke – Sales, NE Wisconsin715-258-7556

Duane Jonas – Dealer, SE MinnesotaHome: 651-923-4552Cell: 651-764-4883

Weston Pease – Dealer, S MinnesotaCell: 507-273-9749

Holly Dorvall – Dealer, MontanaHome: 406-668-7701Cell: 406-425-3027

Donald Cyphers – Area Manager, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho406-702-0439

Nick Schank – Dealer, WisconsinCell: 608-323-0756

Larry French – Dealer, WyomingCell: 307-272-9194

Augies Ag Sales – DistributorWashington, Oregon, California, and UtahAugie KooistraHome: 509-787-1048Cell: 509-797-5612

Mike Lutz – Distributor & Sales, New York State607-237-4871

Mount Hope Office StaffDavid Koeller – Sales and Office Manager

Martha Palmer – Wholesale and Traits Manager

Brendan Lester – Maintenance and Shipping

Joe Walsh – Inventory Manager

Keith Zart – Warehouse Controller

Warren, IL Production Plant StaffJohn Williston – Plant Manager Phone: 815-745-2118

Quality Control – Margaret Wright, Tom Fernstaedt

Fabrication – Richard Lyons (Dick), Glenn Thommen (Butch)

Bagging and Conditioning – Eldon Janssen, John Heiler, Scott McGinnis, Keith Kambolz, Hollace Julius

Electrical – Derek Katzenberger, Terry Flickinger

Table of ContentsCorn

Corn RM 75-98 8-13Corn RM 100-105 14-19Corn RM 105-111 20-24RFS Corn 25-29

OrganicCorn 30-33

SoybeansSoybean Agronomic Ratings 36-37Soybean Descriptions 38-41

AlfalfaAlfalfa Agronomic Ratings 42Roundup Ready® Alfalfa 43Conventional Alfalfa 43-45Hi-Gest® Alfalfa 45

Seed Treatments 46-47Forages

Forage Master 48Sorghum-Sudangrass 49Sudangrass 49Forage Sorghum 50Timothy 50Orchardgrass 50Bromegrass 51Ryegrass 51Fescue 52Clover 52Premium Forage Formulas 53Cover Crop 54-55

Small GrainsOats 56

Specialty CornSweet Corn 57

Wildlife Food Plot SeedPerennial Mixes 58Annual Mixes 58-59Seeds-By-The-Pound 59

Agronomic InformationAgronomic Corn Information 60-2Agronomic Silage Information 63-64Agronomic Alfalfa Information 65-69Agronomic Forage Information 69-74Agronomic Soybean Information 74-78

Discounts 4-5About Kussmaul 79 Policies and Terms 80-83Financial Information 80-83

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Early Order Discounts 2021 Quantity Discounts 2021

Corn & Alfalfa Early Order Corn & Alfalfa Quantity Discounts

Order By Deduct/Unit Order ByDeduct/Unit

200 Plus Units 199-150 Units 149-100 Units 99-50 Units 49-1 UnitsAug. 1-Sept. 15 -$6.00 Aug. 1-Sept. 15 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00Sept. 16-Nov. 15 -$4.25 Sept. 16-Nov. 15 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00Nov. 16-Jan. 15 -$2.50 Nov. 16-Jan. 15 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00Jan. 16-Mar. 15 -$1.00 Jan. 16-Mar. 15 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $1.00

Soybean Early Order Soybean Quantity Discounts


651 Plus Units 650-401 Units 400-276 Units 275-151 Units 150-1 UnitsAug. 1-Sept. 15 -$2.25 Aug. 1-Sept. 15 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.75 $0.50Sept. 16-Nov. 15 -$1.50 Sept. 16-Nov. 15 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.75 $0.50

Nov. 16-Jan. 15 -$0.75 Nov. 16-Jan. 15 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.75 $0.50Jan. 16-Mar. 15 -$0.25 Jan. 16-Mar. 15 $1.75 $1.25 $0.75 $0.50 $0.25

Payment Discounts 2021

Corn & Alfalfa Discounts

Pay By

John Deere Regular

Plan*John Deere Prime + 4*

John Deere 150 Days

NP/NI Credit Card

Due July 31Bank Letter

of CreditCash or

Good CheckAug. 1-Sept. 15 -$6.00 -$4.50 -$2.00 -$7.00 -$4.00 -$12.00

Sept. 16-Nov. 15 -$5.25 -$3.75 -$1.50 -$3.00 -$3.00 -$8.00Nov. 16-Jan. 15 -$3.50 -$2.80 -$1.00 -$1.00 -$2.00 -$6.00Jan. 16-Mar. 15 -$1.25 -$1.00 0 +$1.00 -$1.00 -$4.00

Soybean Discounts

Pay By

John Deere Regular


John Deere 150 Days

NP/NI Credit Card


of CreditCash or

Good CheckAug. 1-Sept. 15 -$2.35 -$2.00 -$1.00 -$2.00 -$1.00 -$3.00Sept. 16-Nov. 15 -$1.65 -$1.25 -$0.75 -$1.00 -$0.75 -$2.00Nov. 16-Jan. 15 -$0.75 -$0.50 -$0.50 -$0.25 -$0.50 -$1.00Jan. 16-Mar. 15 -$0.25 -$0.25 -$0.25 0 -$0.25 -$0.50

*John Deere Regular Plan and John Deere Prime + 4 are due in full December 2021.


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Early Order Discounts 2021 Quantity Discounts 2021

Corn & Alfalfa Early Order Corn & Alfalfa Quantity Discounts


200 Plus Units 199-150 Units 149-100 Units 99-50 Units 49-1 UnitsAug. 1-Sept. 15 -$6.00 Aug. 1-Sept. 15 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00Sept. 16-Nov. 15 -$4.25 Sept. 16-Nov. 15 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00Nov. 16-Jan. 15 -$2.50 Nov. 16-Jan. 15 $10.00 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00Jan. 16-Mar. 15 -$1.00 Jan. 16-Mar. 15 $8.00 $6.00 $4.00 $2.00 $1.00

Soybean Early Order Soybean Quantity Discounts


651 Plus Units 650-401 Units 400-276 Units 275-151 Units 150-1 UnitsAug. 1-Sept. 15 -$2.25 Aug. 1-Sept. 15 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.75 $0.50Sept. 16-Nov. 15 -$1.50 Sept. 16-Nov. 15 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.75 $0.50

Nov. 16-Jan. 15 -$0.75 Nov. 16-Jan. 15 $2.00 $1.50 $1.00 $0.75 $0.50Jan. 16-Mar. 15 -$0.25 Jan. 16-Mar. 15 $1.75 $1.25 $0.75 $0.50 $0.25

Payment Discounts 2021

Corn & Alfalfa Discounts

Pay By

John Deere Regular


John Deere 150 Days

NP/NI Credit Card


of CreditCash or

Good CheckAug. 1-Sept. 15 -$6.00 -$4.50 -$2.00 -$7.00 -$4.00 -$12.00

Sept. 16-Nov. 15 -$5.25 -$3.75 -$1.50 -$3.00 -$3.00 -$8.00Nov. 16-Jan. 15 -$3.50 -$2.80 -$1.00 -$1.00 -$2.00 -$6.00Jan. 16-Mar. 15 -$1.25 -$1.00 0 +$1.00 -$1.00 -$4.00

Soybean Discounts

Pay By

John Deere Regular


John Deere 150 Days

NP/NI Credit Card


of CreditCash or

Good CheckAug. 1-Sept. 15 -$2.35 -$2.00 -$1.00 -$2.00 -$1.00 -$3.00Sept. 16-Nov. 15 -$1.65 -$1.25 -$0.75 -$1.00 -$0.75 -$2.00Nov. 16-Jan. 15 -$0.75 -$0.50 -$0.50 -$0.25 -$0.50 -$1.00Jan. 16-Mar. 15 -$0.25 -$0.25 -$0.25 0 -$0.25 -$0.50

*John Deere Regular Plan and John Deere Prime + 4 are due in full December 2021.

Pallets and hard boxes will be billed as they leave our warehouse. Credit will be issued upon their return to Kussmaul Seeds.


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Extra Charges Because of the many options available to growers in seed treatments, seed delivery systems, packaging, and delivery to the customer, Kussmaul Seeds will charge the following rates for their services – (These only apply to orders received after initial bagging has been competed).

Opening and dumping small paper bags

$2.00 per bag

Dumping bulk bags into hard boxes

$5.00

Dumping hard boxes into bulk bags

$5.00

Calling in order changes after a pallet has been readied for delivery, but must be torn down and restacked and paper work changed

$15.00 per pallet

Late in Season OrdersKussmaul Seeds will try to ship all in season orders within 48 hours of receiving the order during business hours. However, sometimes we are limited by; the number of hours our drivers can legally drive, the availability of help during planting season, the physical location of the seed ordered (special orders), and number of trucks available. It is not reasonable to call the office or your sales person at noon and expect seed to be delivered yet that day or first thing the next morning when everyone is already going a dozen different directions. Everyone of our customers is important to us. We try our very best to meet our cus-tomer's requests.

ShippingTrucks and routes are set up a week ahead for planning purposes.

Those customers who wish to pick up their seed at Mt. Hope, or Warren – Please call ahead so we have time to get it ready for you.

Return PolicyWe will accept returns of returnable seed until June 15th (or 30 days after the date of purchase). After June 15th a $10.00 per bag restocking charge applies.After July 1 – NO returns accepted. (For spring seed)

We will not accept returns of- Seed treated with a custom treatment or blends - Value priced seed - Treated soybeans of any kind - Special orders of seeds not listed in our

seed guide - Opened, wet, or dirty bags of seed - Bags with gas, diesel, or in unsalable condition - Custom mixes - Seed left over from previous years - Damaged hard boxes

Statement on Damage to Hard BoxesKussmaul Seed Company will not accept any damaged hard boxes or missing lids. Customers will be billed for replace-ment costs at $525.00

Seed may be ordered as:• 80,000 kernel units (corn)• 140,000 seed units (soybeans)• 50 lb. bags (forage)• 40 unit totes (bulk bags)• Hard boxes


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As we present our product lineup for 2021, take a good look at our selection of conventional corn hybrids. Many of these hybrids can and do yield right beside their traited sisters. As glyphosate resistance becomes more of a problem each year, growers are adding different chemical mixtures to their Roundup to achieve the same results as what they have gotten in the past with glyphosate alone. Not only does this increase cost, but it also causes growers to lose the crop safety they have relied on with Roundup.

• By going with a conventional hybrid you can take that yearly increase in tech fees and put it towards chemicals to control weeds and pests.

• We realize that conventional corn will not work well on all acres, but there are many fields that are clean enough where conventional corn makes good economical sense.

• If you already have glyphosate tolerant weeds in a particular field, why not save the Roundup Ready tech fee and put it towards chemicals that will do the job for you.

• Each year we are seeing more and more growers purchasing conventional corn again. With tight budgets, conventional corn can make good economical sense.

Numbering SystemSB - 44 S 92

Hybrid Random Technology Hybrid Designation Number Package Maturity

Hybrid DesignationK = Kussmaul/ConventionalKO = Kussmaul/ OrganicKX = Kussmaul/Herculex®KL = Kussmaul/Liberty®SB = Kussmaul Traited HybridKS = Kussmaul SoybeansRFS = Kussmaul Silage Hybrid

TechnologiesC = ConventionalO = OrganicR = Roundup®/GlyphosateQ = Quads - 3000GTA = Hybrids Containing Agrisure Artesian® TechnologyS = SmartStax® RIB Complete® Corn BlendV = VT Double PRO® RIB Complete® Corn BlendZ = Agrisure® GTCBLLH = Herculex®L = Liberty®E = Enlist®G = Glyphosate Tolerance in SoybeansX = Roundup® Ready® 2 Xtend® SoybeansP = PowerCore® Enlist®

Know your bag colors!

CORNBAG STRIPE COLOR TYPE OF TRAITGreen = Roundup Tolerant Seed (RR and GT)Silver-Gray = Contains multiple traits that may or may not

include glyphosate Blue = Conventional seed - OrganicOrange = Traited RFS Silage Corn (Conventional RFS will

be in a blue bag)

Always read the seed tags before you open the bag.

Being a small farmer ROI is not just important it is essential. So when I was asked by my agronomist to try Kussmaul Seed to save money I did. The savings was $30 a bag over what I had been using. The standability was good and the test weight was great. The seed dealer did a monthly follow up checking the fields and letting me know the progress. When we did a yield test on eight years of continual corn the yield was over 200 bushels an acres. The ROI was higher than anticipated.

–G.C.Iowa Grower


CORN 75-98 RM

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– Relative Maturity 75-98

Rating Key9 = Excellent5 = Average1 = Unacceptable

Color Keyn = Conventionaln = Traitedn = Roundup Ready® Corn 2n = Organicn = RFS

TechnologySSRIB = Roundup Ready® Corn 2 + YGRW + 2nd Generation

CB + Herculex BT + Herculex RW + RIBVT2PRIB = Roundup Ready® Corn 2 +2nd Generation CB + RIB

GT/CB/LL = Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB/LL

3010A = Agrisure Artesian® 3010A


3000GT = Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB/LL + Agrisure® RW

3111 = Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB/LL + Agrisure® RW + Agrisure Viptera®

3122 E-Z = Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB/LL + Agrisure® RW + Herculex XTRA + Herculex 1 + E-Z Refuge®

5122 E-Z = Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB/LL + Agrisure Duracade® + Herculex I + E-Z Refuge®

Herculex XTRA = CB/LL + RW + Cutworms + Earworms + Stalk Borers + Armyworms

Herculex I = CB/LL + Cutworms + Earworms + Stalk Borers + Armyworms

DG = DroughtGard®

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NEW SB-55R75 n 75 Ultra early hybrid that rockets out of the ground even in cooler soils

GT 32-39,000 9.0 8.0 1760 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M Highly productive Standard Good Very Good 9.0 SB-55R75

NEW K-55C75 n 75 Ultra early hybrid that rockets out of the ground even in cooler soils

CONV 32-39,000 9.0 8.0 1760 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M Highly productive Standard Good Very Good 9.0 K-55C75

NEW K-55C85 n 85 Very girthy ears with good flex CONV 34-40,000 9.0 8.0 1974 8.5 8.0 8.5 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex M/MT All with top fertility Standard Good Very Good 9.0 K-55C85

K-37C86A n 86 Added drought tolerance and disease protection CONV 28-32,00 9.0 9.0 2025 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T Northern zones across soil types Semi-erect Good Good 8.5 K-37C86A

SB-37R86A n 86 Added drought tolerance and disease protection GT-A 28-32,000 9.0 9.0 2025 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T Northern zones across soil types Semi-erect Good Good 8.5 SB-37R86A

NEW K-55C90 n 90 Conventional version of SB-47V90 CONV 30-38,000 9.0 8.5 2153 9.0 9.0 9.0 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All soil types in zone Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 K-55C90

NEW SB-55R90 n 90 Outstanding stalk and root strength RR2 32 - 39,000 8.5 8.5 2160 8.5 8.5 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 Semi-fixed - M Moderate to highly fertile Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 8.5 SB-55R90

SS-46S90 n 90 Same genetics as SB-44V90. Replaces SS-44S90 with more yield and plant health

SSRIB 28-36,000 8.0 8.5 2138 8.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Semi-flex T Place on better soils and increase nitrogen Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.0 SS-46S90

SB-47R91 n 91 Roundup Ready® 2 Corn Version of SB-47V90 RR2 28-36,000 9.0 8.0 2140 9.0 9.0 9.0 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-47R91

SB-47V90 n 91 VT Double PRO® RIB Complete® Version of SB-47R91

VT2PRIB 30-38,000 9.0 8.5 2153 9.0 9.0 9.0 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-47V90

SS-47S92 n 92 Has ability to handle tougher soils SSRIB 28-36,000 9.0 9.0 2162 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 9.0 8.0 - Flex M/T All Semi-erect Good Very Good 9.0 SS-47S92

NEW SB-55V92 n 92 Excellent stress tolerance VT2PRIB 32-38,000 8.5 8.0 2287 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Flex M/T Widely adapted to soil types Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SB-55V92

NEW K-55C92 n 92 High yield potential coupled with excellent agronomics

CONV 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2165 8.5 8.0 8.5 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex T High fertility environment Standard Good Very Good 9.0 K-55C92

NEW SB-55Z93A n 93 Artesian™ technology plus Agrisure® GT/CB/LL GT/CB/LL-A 28-32,000 9.0 8.0 2185 9.0 8.5 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-Flex M/T All Semi-erect Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55Z93A

NEW K-55C94 n 94 Competes with traited hybrids CONV 28-36,000 8.0 9.0 2292 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Flex T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.0 K-55C94

NEW SB-55V95 n 95 Excellent disease protection VT2PRIB 32-38,000 9.0 8.5 2255 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55V95

NEW SB-55R95 n 95 Excellent disease protection RR2 32-38,000 9.0 8.5 2255 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55R95

SS-41S96 n 96 Rock solid yield performance SSRIB 34-39,000 8.5 8.5 2360 9.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 Semi-fixed - M All soil types within zone Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SS-41S96

SB-45V97 n 97 Great choice for continuous corn-on-corn acres - dual purpose potential

VT2PRIB 28-36,000 8.0 8.0 2280 8.5 8.5 8.5 18-20 9.0 8.5 8.0 - Flex M/T Central Corn Belt and West Semi-upright Very Good Excellent 8.0 SB-45V97

NEW SB-47R98 n 98 Produces long flex ears with high kernel rows RR2 28-34,000 8.0 8.5 2310 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.0 - Flex T All Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 8.0 SB-47R98

K-41C98 n 98 Excellent Goss's wilt tolerance CONV 30-38,000 8.5 9.0 2355 8.5 8.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Flex M/T Moderate to highly productive Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 K-41C98


Visit Our Web Site for Additional Information on These HybridsC

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N – Relative M

aturity 75-98

Heat Units to Black LayerAs a general rule, we use the formula 23.5 x maturity = Heat Units to Black Layer. We sometimes adjust these scores depending on the rate of drydown, quality of late season plant health, test weight, and in field experience. Using these formulas usually gets Heat Units to Black Layer pretty close.

Plant HeightS = ShortM/S = Medium-ShortM = MediumM/T = Medium-TallT = Tall

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NEW SB-55R75 n 75 Ultra early hybrid that rockets out of the ground even in cooler soils

GT 32-39,000 9.0 8.0 1760 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M Highly productive Standard Good Very Good 9.0 SB-55R75

NEW K-55C75 n 75 Ultra early hybrid that rockets out of the ground even in cooler soils

CONV 32-39,000 9.0 8.0 1760 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M Highly productive Standard Good Very Good 9.0 K-55C75

NEW K-55C85 n 85 Very girthy ears with good flex CONV 34-40,000 9.0 8.0 1974 8.5 8.0 8.5 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex M/MT All with top fertility Standard Good Very Good 9.0 K-55C85

K-37C86A n 86 Added drought tolerance and disease protection CONV 28-32,00 9.0 9.0 2025 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T Northern zones across soil types Semi-erect Good Good 8.5 K-37C86A

SB-37R86A n 86 Added drought tolerance and disease protection GT-A 28-32,000 9.0 9.0 2025 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T Northern zones across soil types Semi-erect Good Good 8.5 SB-37R86A

NEW K-55C90 n 90 Conventional version of SB-47V90 CONV 30-38,000 9.0 8.5 2153 9.0 9.0 9.0 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All soil types in zone Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 K-55C90

NEW SB-55R90 n 90 Outstanding stalk and root strength RR2 32 - 39,000 8.5 8.5 2160 8.5 8.5 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 Semi-fixed - M Moderate to highly fertile Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 8.5 SB-55R90

SS-46S90 n 90 Same genetics as SB-44V90. Replaces SS-44S90 with more yield and plant health

SSRIB 28-36,000 8.0 8.5 2138 8.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Semi-flex T Place on better soils and increase nitrogen Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.0 SS-46S90

SB-47R91 n 91 Roundup Ready® 2 Corn Version of SB-47V90 RR2 28-36,000 9.0 8.0 2140 9.0 9.0 9.0 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-47R91

SB-47V90 n 91 VT Double PRO® RIB Complete® Version of SB-47R91

VT2PRIB 30-38,000 9.0 8.5 2153 9.0 9.0 9.0 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-47V90

SS-47S92 n 92 Has ability to handle tougher soils SSRIB 28-36,000 9.0 9.0 2162 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 9.0 8.0 - Flex M/T All Semi-erect Good Very Good 9.0 SS-47S92

NEW SB-55V92 n 92 Excellent stress tolerance VT2PRIB 32-38,000 8.5 8.0 2287 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Flex M/T Widely adapted to soil types Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SB-55V92

NEW K-55C92 n 92 High yield potential coupled with excellent agronomics

CONV 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2165 8.5 8.0 8.5 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex T High fertility environment Standard Good Very Good 9.0 K-55C92

NEW SB-55Z93A n 93 Artesian™ technology plus Agrisure® GT/CB/LL GT/CB/LL-A 28-32,000 9.0 8.0 2185 9.0 8.5 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-Flex M/T All Semi-erect Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55Z93A

NEW K-55C94 n 94 Competes with traited hybrids CONV 28-36,000 8.0 9.0 2292 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Flex T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.0 K-55C94

NEW SB-55V95 n 95 Excellent disease protection VT2PRIB 32-38,000 9.0 8.5 2255 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55V95

NEW SB-55R95 n 95 Excellent disease protection RR2 32-38,000 9.0 8.5 2255 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55R95

SS-41S96 n 96 Rock solid yield performance SSRIB 34-39,000 8.5 8.5 2360 9.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 Semi-fixed - M All soil types within zone Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SS-41S96

SB-45V97 n 97 Great choice for continuous corn-on-corn acres - dual purpose potential

VT2PRIB 28-36,000 8.0 8.0 2280 8.5 8.5 8.5 18-20 9.0 8.5 8.0 - Flex M/T Central Corn Belt and West Semi-upright Very Good Excellent 8.0 SB-45V97

NEW SB-47R98 n 98 Produces long flex ears with high kernel rows RR2 28-34,000 8.0 8.5 2310 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.0 - Flex T All Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 8.0 SB-47R98

K-41C98 n 98 Excellent Goss's wilt tolerance CONV 30-38,000 8.5 9.0 2355 8.5 8.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Flex M/T Moderate to highly productive Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 K-41C98


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Monsanto Company is a member of Excellence Through Stewardship® (ETS). Monsanto products are commercialized in accordance with ETS Product Launch Stewardship Guidance, and in compliance with Monsanto’s Policy for Commercialization of Biotechnology-Derived Plant Products in Commodity Crops. This product has been approved for import into key export markets with functioning regulatory systems. Any crop or material produced from this product can only be exported to, or used, processed or sold in countries where all necessary regulatory approvals have been granted. It is a violation of national and international law to move material containing biotech traits across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Growers should talk to their grain handler or product purchaser to confirm their buying position for this product. Excellence Through Stewardship® is a registered trademark of Excellence Through Stewardship®.

B.t. products may not yet be registered in all states. Check with your representative for the registration status in your state.

IMPORTANT IRM INFORMATION: RIB Complete® corn blend products do not require the planting of a structured refuge except in the Cotton-Growing Area where corn earworm is a significant pest. SmartStax® RIB Complete® corn blend is not allowed to be sold for planting in the Cotton-Growing Area. See the IRM/Grower Guide for additional information. Always read and follow IRM requirements.

DroughtGard® Hybrids with RIB Complete® corn blend the refuge seed may not always contain DroughtGard® Hybrids trait.

ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Roundup Ready technology contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate, an active ingredient in Roundup® brand agricultural herbicides. Agricultural herbicides containing glyphosate will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate.

Performance may vary from location to location and from year to year, as local growing, soil and weather conditions may vary. Growers should evaluate data from multiple locations and years whenever possible and should consider the impacts of these conditions on the grower’s fields.

Acceleron®, DroughtGard®, RIB Complete®, Roundup Ready 2 Technology and Design®, Roundup Ready®, Roundup®, SmartStax®, Trecepta®, Trecepta® RIB Complete®, and VT Double PRO® are trademarks of Bayer Group. Respect the Refuge and Corn Design® and Respect the Refuge® are registered trademarks of National Corn Growers Association. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Agrisure®, Agrisure Artesian®, Artesian™, Agrisure Duracade®, Agrisure Viptera® and E-Z Refuge® are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. For more information, visit www.agrisuretraits.com.

LibertyLink® CornWith LibertyLink® you get high-performing genetics coupled with excellent performance on tough-to-control weeds for real yields that deliver. High-performing corn hybrids with the LibertyLink trait allow growers to spray powerful Liberty® herbicide in-crop for nonselective postemergence control of even the toughest weeds, including Palmer amaranth, giant ragweed, kochia, waterhemp and marestail.

Seed products with the LibertyLink® (LL) trait are resistant to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium, an alternative to glyphosate in corn, and combine high-yielding genetics with the powerful, nonselective, postemergent weed control of Liberty® herbicide for optimum yield and excellent weed control. LibertyLink®, Liberty® and the Water Droplet logo are registered trademarks of BASF Corporation.

Caution: Do not spray E-Z Refuge®, Agrisure Viptera 3220A E-Z Refuge and Agrisure GTA products with Liberty® Brand Herbicide. Important: Always read and follow label and bag tag instructions; only those labeled as tolerant to glufosinate may be sprayed with glufosinate ammonium based herbicides. Agrisure® Technology incorporated into these seeds is commercialized under license from Syngenta Seeds, Inc. Herculex® Technology incorporated into these seeds is commercialized under license from Dow AgroSciences LLC. HERCULEX® and the HERCULEX Shield are trademarks of Dow AgroSciences LLC.

Always read and follow label instructions. Bayer, the Bayer Cross, Liberty, LibertyLink and the Water Droplet Design are registered trademarks of Bayer. Liberty is not registered in all states.

More information about Agrisure Duracade(R) is available at http://www.biotradestatus.com/.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires a refuge on every farm that plants insect-protected corn hybrids. Failure to plant the appropriate refuge jeopardizes your continued access to DAS, Monsanto and Syngenta technology.

Respect the Rotation™ is an initiative to elevate the importance and farmer adoption of herbicide diversity to prevent or manage weed resistance. Glyphosate weed resistance is a dominating threat throughout the U.S. that affects land values, rental agreements, conservation tillage and can greatly reduce yields. Use of Integrated Weed Management practices, such as use of residuals, pre-emergence herbicides and rotation of crops, traits and herbicides, is critical as no one method is likely to be completely successful. Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your local extension service to ensure registration status.

Before opening a bag of seed, be sure to read, understand and accept the stewardship requirements, including applicable refuge requirements for insect resistance management, for the biotechnology traits expressed in the seed as set forth in the technology agreement that you sign. By opening and using a bag of seed, you are reaffi rming your obligation to comply with the most recent stewardship requirements.

NEW 75 RM

SB-55R75 K-55C75

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8.5ROOTS 9

D E S C R I P T I O N

• An ultra early hybrid that rockets out of the ground even in cooler soils• Well suited to the variable growing conditions in the north, from the

east to west• Very strong agronomics• Medium statured plants, with well placed blocky, semi-flex ears and

good test weights with 16-18 kernel rows• Early flowering with fast black layer and rapid drydown • Very good late season plant intactness

GROWER TIPS

• Complete husk cover for bird protection

• Place on highly productive soils• Best applications at higher

populations in all rotations

NEW 85 RM

K-55C85

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8


• Medium to medium-tall plants with blocky, flex ears • 18-20 kernel rows with average test weights• Has shown consistent, high yield potential in trials• First rate agronomics with very strong emergence and vigor• Wide, healthy leafy canopy that closes quickly• Plant at medium-high to high plant populations and fertilize well for

top performance

GROWER TIPS

• Moves east especially well• Excellent adaptations to

all rotations• Exhibits strong yield response

to lighter soils with moderate inputs


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86 RM

SB-37R86A K-37C86A

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 9STALKS 9ROOTS 9


• Early hybrid with outstanding yield potential and excellent agronomics• Glyphosate (GT) tolerance in SB-37R86• Agrisure Artesian® technology helps to maximize yields when it rains

and increases yield when it doesn’t• Very consistent hybrid• Excellent stalks and roots with 16-18 kernel rows

GROWER TIPS

• Good protection against Goss’s wilt

• Semi-flex ear style for grower flexibility

• Medium-tall plants for early silage potential

NEW 90 RM

SB-55R90

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• A fancy hybrid that exhibits very good drought and stress tolerance• Outstanding stalk and root strength• Positive yield response to higher plant populations• Semi-fixed ear style • Average test weights and good leaf disease tolerance• Very strong early vigor• Medium height plants with 16-18 kernel rows

GROWER TIPS

• Avoid fields with Goss’s wilt• Place on higher fertility fields• Maintain higher plant

populations

90 RM

SS-46S90

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8ROOTS 9


• Same genetics as our SB-44V90, now available as a SSRIB hybrid• Excellent tolerance to eye spot • Excels east to west across variable soil types• Very solid disease package, including Goss’s wilt tolerance• Very good ear flex, 16-18 kernel rows and good solid test weights• Will benefit with extra yield, when using side dress applications and

higher rates of nitrogen • Rock solid drought and greensnap tolerance

GROWER TIPS

• Apply higher rates of nitrogen • Use as a medium to full

season hybrid • Plant on your better soils

NEW 91 RM

SB-47R91 & K-55C90

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8STALKS 9ROOTS 9


• A real winner, available as a Roundup Ready® Corn 2, VT Double PRO®RIB Complete®, or Conventional

• Exhibits wide adaptability across all yield environments• Produces girthy, semi-flex ears with 18-20 rows• Excellent choice for tougher acres• Has very good drought and stress tolerance• Excellent roots and stalks aid late season harvestability• Strong emergence with excellent early season plant vigor• Roundup version now has bred in resistance to anthracnose stalk rot• Medium height plants

GROWER TIPS

• Great choice for early planting or reduced tillage

• Use in tougher environments• Has good test weights

91 RM

SB-47V90

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8STALKS 9ROOTS 9


• A real winner, available as a Roundup Ready® Corn 2, VT Double PRO®RIB Complete®, or conventional

• Exhibits wide adaptability across all yield environments• Produces girthy, semi-flex ears with 18-20 rows• Excellent choice for tougher acres• Has very good drought and stress tolerance• Excellent roots and stalks aid late season harvestability• Strong emergencewith excellent early season plant vigor• Roundup version now has bred in resistance to anthracnose stalk rot• Medium height plants

GROWER TIPS

• Great choice for early planting or reduced tillage

• Use in tougher environments• Has good test weights


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92 RM

SS-47S92

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 9STALKS 9ROOTS 9


• A showy hybrid with excellent top-end yield potential• SS-47S92 has the ability to handle tough acres as well as highly

productive soils• Produces attractive long flex ears with flared husks• Conveys very good stalk strength and lower greensnap risk• Tolerates cold soils with strong emergence• Great Goss’s wilt tolerance allows western movement• 16-18 kernel rows with average test weights• Shows positive response to fungicide applications

GROWER TIPS

• Tolerates cooler soils• Can be planted where Goss’s

wilt is a concern• Can handle tougher soils

NEW 92 RM

SB-55V92

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• Exceptional yield potential for an early hybrid• Average against Gross’s wilt disease, but very good against the other

common leaf diseases• Very good early vigor with excellent stress tolerance• Very consistent ear size down the row• 16-18 kernel rows with average test weights• Tall enough hybrid to make good silage• Stalks and root are rated as superior• Excellent yield performance in all soil types

GROWER TIPS

• Be cautious where Goss’s wilt is present

• Healthy enough for continuous corn

• Flowering and drydown are slow for increased test weight

NEW 92 RM

K-55C92

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8


• Excellent yield punch potential in highly managed, higher population environments

• 18-20 kernel rows with good test weights• High yield potential coupled with first rate agronomics• Best kept in highly productive environments• Shows good ear flex• Standard canopy plants close canopy quickly• Dual purpose potential–grain or silage• Excellent in all rotations

GROWER TIPS

• Be sure to maintain strong root control

• Can with stand some drought and heat stress

• Use anywhere east to west

NEW 93 RM

SB-55Z93A

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8STALKS 9ROOTS 8.5


• Widely adapted across northern markets–east to west• Features strong roots and stalks• Has Agrisure Artesian® technology to promote higher yields in

dryer conditions• Excellent in cold, or no-till soils• 16-18 kernel rows with semi-flex ears• Medium-tall plants with medium to high ear height • Plant at moderate populations–28-32,000

GROWER TIPS

• Use where Goss’s wilt is a concern

• Has dual purpose potential• Plant in any soil/fertility

environment

NEW 94 RM

K-55C94

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8STAYGREEN 9STALKS 9ROOTS 9


• A real eye catcher that competes with traited hybrids• Outstanding Goss’ wilt and grey leaf spot tolerance • Exhibits excellent staygreen and late season intactness• Long, flex ear style with 16-18 kernel rows• Very impressive stalk and root strength• Excellent yield performance across a wide range of environments

GROWER TIPS

• Excellent conventional hybrid reduces cost of production

• Excellent corn-on-corn choice• Plant wherever Goss’s wilt is a

concern


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NEW 95 RM

SB-55V95 SB-55R95

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 9ROOTS 9


• Plant from New York to Washington• Excellent top-end yield potential across most soil types• Exhibits very good drought tolerances for tougher acres• Semi-flex ear style• 16-18 kernel rows with high test weights• Solid stalks and roots aid late season stability• Excellent choice for early planting, strong emergence for fast start on

no-till acres

GROWER TIPS

• Top disease protection against tar spot

• Resistant to stalk anthracnose• Plant at medium to medium-

high populations

96 RM

SS-41S96

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 9ROOTS 9


• Rock solid performance across years, environments and soils• Maintain higher populations for maximum yields• Strong seedling vigor allows for early planting• Stalk and root strength allows for wider harvest window• Very good stress tolerance• Flower late for maturity with average drydown• 16-18 kernel rows• Good staygreen and late season intactness

GROWER TIPS

• Keep in maturity range and south

• Recommended for corn after corn

• Very good against Goss's wilt

97 RM

SB-45V97

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• A great hybrid to use on those corn-on-corn acres and where Goss’s wilt is a concern

• Best suited for central Corn Belt and west• Has excellent silage data as well as impressive grain yields• Big girthy ear style with semi-flex ability• Medium plant stature with average test weights• Puts all its energy into grain so late fall plant appearance gets a

little ratty• Excellent against common rust, gray leaf spot and northern leaf blight

GROWER TIPS

• Position on those acres that have a history of Goss’s wilt

• Excellent for grain or silage• Great for continuous

corn-on-corn

NEW 98 RM

SB-47R98

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• High yield potential across a wide range of environments and soil types• Outstanding tolerance to Goss’s wilt, grey leaf spot, and rust• Long flex ear style with 16-18 kernel rows• Has great silage data for dual purpose• Average test weights, seedling vigor, and flowering for maturity• Very solid scores for stay green and drought tolerance• Impressive stalk and root strength• 16.8 Bu yield advantage over P9188AM

GROWER TIPS

• Shows small positive response to fungicides

• Good option where Goss’s Wilt is a concern

• Use for grain or silage

LIMITED 98 RM

K-41C98

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8


• Produces consistent girth, semi-flex ears down the row• Excellent Goss's wilt tolerance and very good northern leaf

blight tolerance• Attractive medium-tall plants• Good solid roots• Very good fall appearance and late season intactness• Produces 16-18 rows of kernels • Fills the ear tip well• Has good seedling vigor

GROWER TIPS

• Plant on moderate to highly productive soils

• Has good disease protection• Great choice for continuous corn


CORN 100-105 RM

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CB + Herculex BT + Herculex RW + RIBVT2PRIB = Roundup Ready® Corn 2 +2nd Generation CB + RIB










DG = DroughtGard®

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K-1000 n 100 Plant health and yield potential surpass many traited hybrids

CONV 28-36,000 8.0 8.0 2350 8.0 9.0 8.5 14-16 9.0 9.0 8.5 - Flex M/T Performs well everywhere, however rotated soils always a plus

Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.0 K-1000

NEW K-55C01 n 100 Good ear flex on girthy cobs CONV 28-36,000 8.0 8.0 2462 8.5 8.5 8.0 18-20 9.0 7.0 8.5 - Flex M Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Good Excellent 8.0 K-55C01

NEW SS-55S01 n 100 Good ear flex on girthy cobs SSRIB 28-36,000 8.0 8.0 2462 8.5 8.5 8.0 18-20 9.0 7.0 8.5 - Flex M Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Good Excellent 8.0 SS-55S01

NEW K-55C00 n 100 Semi-flex ears with good test weights CONV 32-39,000 8.5 8.5 2350 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex T Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 8.5 K-55C00

NEW SB-55V00 n 100 Semi-flex ears with good test weights VT2PRIB 32-39,000 8.5 8.5 2350 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex T Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 8.5 SB-55V00

NEW SS-55S00 n 100 Semi-flex ears with good test weights SSRIB 32 - 39,000 8.5 8.5 2350 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex T Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 8.5 SS-55S00

SB-44V00 n 101 Medium-tall hybrid with very strong roots aiding nutrient uptake

VT2PRIB 30-39,000 8.0 8.0 2374 8.0 9.0 8.5 14-16 9.0 9.0 8.5 - Flex M/T Widely adapted across soil types. Traited version of K-1000

Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.0 SB-44V00

SB-44A00 n 101 Excellent choice for corn-on-corn acres, with dependable stalk strength

GT-A 28-34,000 9.0 9.0 2375 9.0 8.5 9.0 14-16 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T Broadly adapts to most all soil types East to West Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 SB-44A00

SB-44V02 DG n 102 DroughtGuard® protected hybrid adjusts to varying populations

VT2PRIB DG 28-38,000 8.5 8.5 2400 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.0 - Flex M All Semi-upright Very Good Excellent 8.0 SB-44V02 DG

SS-45S02 DG n 102 Sister hybrid to our SB-44V02DG SSRIB DG 28-38,000 8.0 8.5 2400 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex M Solid performance in all soils Semi-erect Good Excellent 8.0 SS-45S02 DG

SB-45V03 n 103 Excellent yield potential & plant health VT2PRIB 32-36,000 8.0 7.5 2450 8.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M All soil types - if south of its zone, harvest timely Semi-erect Good Excellent 8.0 SB-45V03

SS-46S03 n 103 Replaces SS-45S03 with more yield, higher test weight, and healthier stalks

SSRIB 32-41,000 9.0 9.0 2420 8.5 8.5 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 9.0 - Semi-flex M/T Moderate to highly productive soils Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SS-46S03

NEW SB-55R03 n 103 Excellent early vigor for no-till or early planting RR2 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2420 8.5 8.5 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 9.0 - Semi-flex M/T Variable to ideal Semi-erect Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55R03

NEW SB-55V03 n 103 Excellent early vigor for no-till or early planting VT2PRIB 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2420 8.5 8.5 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 9.0 - Semi-flex M/T Variable to ideal Semi-erect Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55V03

NEW SS-55S03 n 103 Excellent early vigor for no-till or early planting SSRIB 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2420 8.5 8.5 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 9.0 - Semi-flex M/T Variable to ideal Semi-erect Good Excellent 9.0 SS-55S03

K-44C04 n 104 Very high yielding conventional hybrid with top disease tolerance

CONV 28-34,000 8.5 8.0 2450 8.0 8.5 8.0 16-18 9.0 9.0 8.0 - Flex M/T Fields with high nitrogen management Semi-upright Very Good Excellent 8.5 K-44C04

SS-44S05 n 105 Fast drying with excellent yield potential SSRIB 32-40,000 8.5 8.0 2575 8.5 8.5 9.0 16-18 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Flex T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SS-44S05

SB-45V05 n 105 Fast drying with excellent yield potential VT2PRIB 32-40,000 8.5 8.0 2575 8.5 8.5 9.0 16-18 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Flex T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SB-45V05

SS-42S05 n 105 Very dominate hybrid in this maturity SSRIB 34-38,000 8.0 8.0 2480 8.5 9.0 8.5 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T Less productive to highly productive Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.0 SS-42S05



OR

N – Relative M

aturity 100-105



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K-1000 n 100 Plant health and yield potential surpass many traited hybrids

CONV 28-36,000 8.0 8.0 2350 8.0 9.0 8.5 14-16 9.0 9.0 8.5 - Flex M/T Performs well everywhere, however rotated soils always a plus

Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.0 K-1000

NEW K-55C01 n 100 Good ear flex on girthy cobs CONV 28-36,000 8.0 8.0 2462 8.5 8.5 8.0 18-20 9.0 7.0 8.5 - Flex M Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Good Excellent 8.0 K-55C01

NEW SS-55S01 n 100 Good ear flex on girthy cobs SSRIB 28-36,000 8.0 8.0 2462 8.5 8.5 8.0 18-20 9.0 7.0 8.5 - Flex M Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Good Excellent 8.0 SS-55S01

NEW K-55C00 n 100 Semi-flex ears with good test weights CONV 32-39,000 8.5 8.5 2350 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex T Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 8.5 K-55C00

NEW SB-55V00 n 100 Semi-flex ears with good test weights VT2PRIB 32-39,000 8.5 8.5 2350 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex T Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 8.5 SB-55V00

NEW SS-55S00 n 100 Semi-flex ears with good test weights SSRIB 32 - 39,000 8.5 8.5 2350 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Semi-flex T Variable to highly productive Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 8.5 SS-55S00

SB-44V00 n 101 Medium-tall hybrid with very strong roots aiding nutrient uptake

VT2PRIB 30-39,000 8.0 8.0 2374 8.0 9.0 8.5 14-16 9.0 9.0 8.5 - Flex M/T Widely adapted across soil types. Traited version of K-1000

Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.0 SB-44V00

SB-44A00 n 101 Excellent choice for corn-on-corn acres, with dependable stalk strength

GT-A 28-34,000 9.0 9.0 2375 9.0 8.5 9.0 14-16 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T Broadly adapts to most all soil types East to West Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 SB-44A00

SB-44V02 DG n 102 DroughtGuard® protected hybrid adjusts to varying populations

VT2PRIB DG 28-38,000 8.5 8.5 2400 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.0 - Flex M All Semi-upright Very Good Excellent 8.0 SB-44V02 DG

SS-45S02 DG n 102 Sister hybrid to our SB-44V02DG SSRIB DG 28-38,000 8.0 8.5 2400 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex M Solid performance in all soils Semi-erect Good Excellent 8.0 SS-45S02 DG

SB-45V03 n 103 Excellent yield potential & plant health VT2PRIB 32-36,000 8.0 7.5 2450 8.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M All soil types - if south of its zone, harvest timely Semi-erect Good Excellent 8.0 SB-45V03

SS-46S03 n 103 Replaces SS-45S03 with more yield, higher test weight, and healthier stalks

SSRIB 32-41,000 9.0 9.0 2420 8.5 8.5 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 9.0 - Semi-flex M/T Moderate to highly productive soils Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SS-46S03

NEW SB-55R03 n 103 Excellent early vigor for no-till or early planting RR2 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2420 8.5 8.5 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 9.0 - Semi-flex M/T Variable to ideal Semi-erect Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55R03

NEW SB-55V03 n 103 Excellent early vigor for no-till or early planting VT2PRIB 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2420 8.5 8.5 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 9.0 - Semi-flex M/T Variable to ideal Semi-erect Good Excellent 9.0 SB-55V03

NEW SS-55S03 n 103 Excellent early vigor for no-till or early planting SSRIB 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2420 8.5 8.5 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 9.0 - Semi-flex M/T Variable to ideal Semi-erect Good Excellent 9.0 SS-55S03

K-44C04 n 104 Very high yielding conventional hybrid with top disease tolerance

CONV 28-34,000 8.5 8.0 2450 8.0 8.5 8.0 16-18 9.0 9.0 8.0 - Flex M/T Fields with high nitrogen management Semi-upright Very Good Excellent 8.5 K-44C04

SS-44S05 n 105 Fast drying with excellent yield potential SSRIB 32-40,000 8.5 8.0 2575 8.5 8.5 9.0 16-18 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Flex T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SS-44S05

SB-45V05 n 105 Fast drying with excellent yield potential VT2PRIB 32-40,000 8.5 8.0 2575 8.5 8.5 9.0 16-18 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Flex T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SB-45V05

SS-42S05 n 105 Very dominate hybrid in this maturity SSRIB 34-38,000 8.0 8.0 2480 8.5 9.0 8.5 18-20 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T Less productive to highly productive Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.0 SS-42S05


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100 RM

K-1000



• A proven performance leader• Very good grain quality with good ear flex• Long slender ear style with excellent tip fill• Performs well across multiple soils and maturity zones• Strong, solid root system• Average score against Goss’s wilt • Shows positive response to fungicide applications• Above average test weights• Tolerates high plant populations, but doesn’t require them• 15 bushel yield advantage over Pioneer P9675XR• Out performs many traited hybrids

GROWER TIPS

• Performs well in all soil types• Healthy enough for

continuous corn• For superior results, plant this

hybrid in rotated soils

NEW 100 RM

SB-55S01 K-55C01

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 8EARLY VIGOR 8STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• Very impressive yield stability across all yield environments• Good seedling vigor for strong start• Flex ear style adapts well to moderate planting populations • Ears average 18-20 kernel rows• Plants are medium in height• Good late season plant intactness• Dry down is average for maturity• Has excellent silage potential for those growers not wanting a leafy

silage hybrid• Average + test weights

GROWER TIPS

• Growers will see a strong positive response to fungicide

• Good yields in all soil types • Flex ear style adapts well to

varying soil environments

NEW 100 RM

SB-55V00 K-55C00

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• A good solid hybrid that performs best central and west • Semi-flex ear style with 16-18 kernel rows• Very good protection against stalk anthracnose • Tall stature suggests good dual purpose potential• Above average test weights• Great tolerance to greensnap• Very good early vigor• Late season intactness is very good

GROWER TIPS

• Best yields from high management

• Works in variable to ideal soils• Maintain medium to high

plant populations

NEW 100 RM

SS-55S00

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• A good solid hybrid that performs best central and west • Semi-flex ear style with 16-18 kernel rows• Very good protection against stalk anthracnose • Tall stature suggests good dual purpose potential• Above average test weights• Great tolerance to greensnap• Very good early vigor• Late season intactness is very good

GROWER TIPS

• Best yields from high management

• Works in variable to ideal soils• Maintain medium to high

plant populations

LIMITED 101 RM

SB-44V00



• Proven yield performance• Strong seedling vigor• Excellent root system, strong stalks with good staygreen• Tolerates high plant populations• Average against Goss’s wilt • Medium-tall plants with very good ear length and flex• Adequate husk cover to protect yield• Trait protected version of K-1000• Great choice for earlage• Doesn’t require the most fertile soils to compete

GROWER TIPS

• Plant where corn borer protection is needed

• Use when a tall hybrid is desired • Will help increase overall

test weights


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101 RM

SB-44A00

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 9STALKS 9ROOTS 8.5


• Agrisure Artesian® hybrid with excellent stalk quality• Has protection from glyphosate chemicals• Excellent early season vigor• Strong, deep penetrating root system, adapts well to most soil types• Medium-tall plants with good ear placement• Very good tolerance to Goss's wilt and eye spot, average disease scores

on other leaf and stalk diseases• Semi-flex ear style with medium-high test weights

GROWER TIPS

• Great choice for continuous corn• Has protection against Goss's

wilt and eye spot• Has Artesian™ water

optimization technology

LIMITED 102 RM

SB-44V02 DG

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• Yield winning hybrid with DroughtGard® protection• Impressive late season staygreen and intactness• Strong yield potential with excellent stress tolerance• Medium statured plants• Strong stalks and roots and good test weights• Full ear flex with good ear girth• Average protection against Goss’s wilt disease• Performs well in all soil types

GROWER TIPS

• Great choice for continuous corn acres

• Positive response to fungicides• Adapts to all soils

LIMITED 102 RM

SS-45S02 DG

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• Sister hybrid to SB-44V02DG• Impressive late season staygreen and intactness• Shows excellent stress tolerance• Medium statured plants, with strong stalks• Very solid root structure and performs well in all soil types• Above average test weights with rapid drydown • Ears have excellent flex, good girth, and very good length • Tips fill nicely

GROWER TIPS

• Average leaf disease tolerance including Goss’s wilt

• Good ear flex for varying plant populations

• Shows good response to fungicides

103 RM

SB-45V03



• Great yield potential in a fast drying hybrid• Excellent tolerance to greensnap, and southern leaf blight• Girthy, semi-flex ear style with 16-18 kernel rows• Positive yield response to fungicides• Good tolerance to Goss’s wilt, eye spot, and diplodia• Great hybrid for central and west, excellent in the east• Short husk cover, be aware if planting in bird flyways• A semi-erect leaf angle • Shoot for plant populations in the range of 32-36,000• Harvest early when grown in southern areas• Shows good tolerance to drought prone soils

GROWER TIPS

• Excellent hybrid for western zone, and southern Dakotas

• Use in high disease pressure environments

• Good performance in all soil types

• Does extremely well in S WI, across S MN, N IA and into E SD

103 RM

SS-46S03

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• Very solid roots and stalks with semi-flex ear style• 14-16 kernel rows with high test weights • Excellent early vigor makes SS-46S03 a great choice for minimum/

no-till operations• Excellent seedling vigor for early planting or planting into cooler soils • Very strong Goss’s wilt tolerance with low risk of greensnap• Tolerates medium to high plant populations • Has increased bred-in anthracnose stalk resistance

GROWER TIPS

• Tolerates multiple planting populations

• Good disease tolerance to Goss’s wilt

• Use to increase average test weight

• Improved hybrid over SS-45S03


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NEW 103 RM

SB-55R03



• Supplies of these new hybrids may be very limited in some traits• Excellent early vigor for minimum tillage acres and early planting• Excellent choice to move north of its maturity zone • Very good stalks and roots• Semi-flex ear style with high test weights• 14-16 kernel rows on long ears with good kernel depth• Very good tolerance to Goss’s wilt and low greensnap risk• Medium-tall plants with good solid fall appearance

GROWER TIPS

• Use caution when spraying sulfonylureas/ALS Inhibitors

• Excellent performance in variable to ideal soils

• Very good tolerance to Goss’s wilt

NEW 103 RM

SB-55S03 SB-55V03



• Supplies of these new hybrids may be very limited in some traits• Excellent early vigor for minimum tillage acres and early planting• Excellent choice to move north of its maturity zone • Very good stalks and roots• Semi-flex ear style with high test weights• 14-16 kernel rows on long ears with good kernel depth• Very good tolerance to Goss’s wilt and low greensnap risk• Medium-tall plants with good solid fall appearance

GROWER TIPS

• Use caution when spraying sulfonylureas/ALS Inhibitors

• Excellent performance in variable to ideal soils

• Very good tolerance to Goss’s wilt

LIMITED 104 RM

K-44C04 104 RM CONVENTIONAL

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8ROOTS 8.5


• Strongest yield performance when kept in the 105 day maturity zone• Medium-tall plants• Very good ear girth and flex• Impressive late season plant intactness• Positive yield response to intense nitrogen management• Excellent tolerance to Goss’s wilt• Best yields from moderate to highly productive soils• Average test weights• Works well in continuous corn-on-corn• Has excellent silage quality, out performing Mycogen’s MF2F488

GROWER TIPS

• Can be used for grain or silage• Positive response to intense

nitrogen management• Very tolerant of Goss’s wilt


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– Relative Maturity 105

105 RM

SB-45V05 SS-44S05

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• Impressive disease tolerance, including Goss’s wilt, northern leaf blight, and grey leaf spot

• Fast drying hybrid with good test weights• Flex ear style with excellent girth• 16-18 kernel rows• Good seedling vigor• Strong stalks and roots with lower Green Snap risk• Good tolerance to higher plant populations• Equally great yield performance in variable soil types

GROWER TIPS

• Rapid drydown for maturity• Adequate husk cover• Plant where disease pressure

is higher

105 RM

SS-42S05 105 RM

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8.5ROOTS 9


• Very dominate hybrid east to west• Exhibits excellent yield potential with rapid drydown• Recommended timely harvest for optimum yield• Produces consistent ears with very good test weights• Flowers early for maturity• 18-20 Kernel rows with semi-flex ear style• Tolerates high plant populations• Plants have excellent roots• Shows good response to fungicide applications

GROWER TIPS

• Exhibits good yields in all soil types

• Tolerates high populations• Avoid fields with a history of

Goss's wilt

To the amazement of his friends, Ole started a new career as an artist and soon had a big show at a local gallery. He stopped by one day to ask the gallery owner if there had been any interest in his paintings.

"I have good news and bad news," the owner replied. "The good news is that a gentleman inquired about your work and asked if I thought your paintings would go up in value after your death. When I told him they would, he bought all 15 paintings."

"Dat's vunderful!" said Ole. "Vhat's da bad news?"

He said he was your doctor, " said the gallery owner.


CORN 105-111 RM

CO

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CB + Herculex BT + Herculex RW + RIBGENVT3PRIB = Roundup Ready® Corn 2 + YGCB + 2nd Generation

CB + RIB+CRWVT2PRIB = Roundup Ready® Corn 2 +2nd Generation CB + RIB










DG = DroughtGard®

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SB-41Z05 n 105 Widely adaptable east to west GT/CB/LL 30-36,000 8.0 8.5 2491 9.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 SB-41Z05

SB-41Q05 n 105 Widely adaptable east to west 3000 GT 30-36,000 8.0 8.5 2491 9.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 SB-41Q05

SB-47V06 n 106 Low greensnap risk and improved Goss's Wilt Tolerance

VT2PRIB 34-40,000 9.0 9.0 2460 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 9.0 Semi-fixed - M/T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-47V06

NEW SB-55P06 n 106 Good tolerance to Tar Spot, NLB and Goss's PowerCore® Enlist® 30-36,000 8.5 8.0 2550 8.5 8.5 8.5 18-22 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Semi-flex M/T All soil profiles Semi- erect Good Very Good 8.5 SB-55P06

NEW K-55C06 n 106 Good tolerance to Tar Spot, NLB and Goss's CONV 30-36,000 8.5 8.0 2550 8.5 8.5 8.5 18-22 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Semi-flex M/T All soil profiles Semi- erect Good Very Good 8.5 K-55C06

SS-45S08 n 108 Can be grown north of its zone and still produce dry grain

SSRIB 32-42,000 8.5 9.0 2540 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 Fixed - M/T Highly managed Erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SS-45S08

SB-45V08 n 108 Dominating hybrid, great disease protection VT2PRIB 26-36,000 8.5 9.0 2545 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex M/T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SB-45V08

NEW SB-55R08 n 108 Exceptional disease tolerance RR2 32-38,000 9.0 9.0 2670 8.5 9.0 9.0 18-20 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Flex M/T Moderate to highly productive Erect Very Good Very Good 9.0 SB-55R08

SB-45R10 n 110 Strong disease tolerance with big yield potential RR2 28-34,000 8.0 8.0 2590 8.0 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex T Well drained Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.0 SB-45R10

SS-45S11 n 111 Can tolerate being grown both north & south of its zone

SSRIB 32-40,000 8.5 8.0 2595 8.0 8.5 8.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Flex M/T All Erect Good Very Good 8.5 SS-45S11

K-44C11 n 111 Broadly adaptable to all markets, 108-112 day CONV 30-38,000 9.0 9.0 2632 9.0 9.0 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 K-44C11



OR

N – Relative M

aturity 105-111



Ole got a job on a large farm. The first day he was driving a load of grain to the elevator. Unfortunately, he was speeding and got pulled over by a deputy sheriff who asked to see his license. Ole said, indignantly, "I vish yew people vould get yur act together. Yust yesterday another policeman took my license avay and now today yew expect me to show it to yew!"

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Plan

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SB-41Z05 n 105 Widely adaptable east to west GT/CB/LL 30-36,000 8.0 8.5 2491 9.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 SB-41Z05

SB-41Q05 n 105 Widely adaptable east to west 3000 GT 30-36,000 8.0 8.5 2491 9.0 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 SB-41Q05

SB-47V06 n 106 Low greensnap risk and improved Goss's Wilt Tolerance

VT2PRIB 34-40,000 9.0 9.0 2460 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 9.0 Semi-fixed - M/T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 SB-47V06

NEW SB-55P06 n 106 Good tolerance to Tar Spot, NLB and Goss's PowerCore® Enlist® 30-36,000 8.5 8.0 2550 8.5 8.5 8.5 18-22 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Semi-flex M/T All soil profiles Semi- erect Good Very Good 8.5 SB-55P06

NEW K-55C06 n 106 Good tolerance to Tar Spot, NLB and Goss's CONV 30-36,000 8.5 8.0 2550 8.5 8.5 8.5 18-22 9.0 7.0 8.0 - Semi-flex M/T All soil profiles Semi- erect Good Very Good 8.5 K-55C06

SS-45S08 n 108 Can be grown north of its zone and still produce dry grain

SSRIB 32-42,000 8.5 9.0 2540 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 Fixed - M/T Highly managed Erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SS-45S08

SB-45V08 n 108 Dominating hybrid, great disease protection VT2PRIB 26-36,000 8.5 9.0 2545 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex M/T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 SB-45V08

NEW SB-55R08 n 108 Exceptional disease tolerance RR2 32-38,000 9.0 9.0 2670 8.5 9.0 9.0 18-20 9.0 7.5 8.5 - Flex M/T Moderate to highly productive Erect Very Good Very Good 9.0 SB-55R08

SB-45R10 n 110 Strong disease tolerance with big yield potential RR2 28-34,000 8.0 8.0 2590 8.0 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex T Well drained Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.0 SB-45R10

SS-45S11 n 111 Can tolerate being grown both north & south of its zone

SSRIB 32-40,000 8.5 8.0 2595 8.0 8.5 8.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Flex M/T All Erect Good Very Good 8.5 SS-45S11

K-44C11 n 111 Broadly adaptable to all markets, 108-112 day CONV 30-38,000 9.0 9.0 2632 9.0 9.0 8.5 14-16 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M/T All Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 K-44C11


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LIMITED 105 RM

SB-41Z05



• Outstanding agronomics coupled with top-end yield• Widely adapted east to west• Excellent root and stock strength• Expect excellent yield performance in all soil types• Semi-flex ear style with 16-18 kernel rows• Plants are medium height• Great defence against Goss's wilt NCLB and eyespot• Excellent hybrid for southern Wisconsin

GROWER TIPS

• Suggested hybrid for less productive fields

• Plant where disease is a concern• Plant 30-36,000 plants per acre

LIMITED 105 RM

SB-41Q05



• Outstanding agronomics coupled with top-end yield• Widely adapted east to west• Excellent root and stock strength• Expect excellent yield performance in all soil types• Semi-flex ear style with 16-18 kernel rows• Plants are medium height• Great defence against Goss's wilt NCLB and eyespot• Excellent hybrid for southern Wisconsin

GROWER TIPS

• Suggested hybrid for less productive fields

• Plant where disease is a concern• Plant 30-36,000 plants per acre

LIMITED 106 RM

SB-47V06



• Has the potential to take over the central Corn Belt!• Plant from WI, IA, SD south to OK and east through IL, southern MI and

out to DE• Very good Goss's wilt tolerance• Low greensnap risk helps with western movement• Best performance at moderate plant populations• Shows a positive response to high management and fungicide applications• Also has proven to yield well in tough acre placements• 16-18 kernel rows with excellent test weights

GROWER TIPS

• Great yield performance on variable soil environments

• Very good Goss's wilt tolerance• Best performance at moderate

plant populations

NEW 106 RM

SB-55P06 K-55C06

CONVENTIONAL CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• Growers must plant 5% refuge with SB-55P06• New PowerCore® Enlist® hybrid gives growers another weed

fighting option• Get protection from Roundup® type herbicides, corn borer, and 2 4-D

(PowerCore® Enlist® plus Liberty® herbicides)• Good tolerance to tar spot, northern leaf blight and Goss’s wilt • Big ears, 18-22 kernel rows• Strong seedling vigor• Good ear flex with slower drydown• Medium-tall plants with good late season intactness

GROWER TIPS

• Plant where disease pressure is higher

• Tolerates higher plant populations

• Plant next to Enlist soybeans

108 RM

SS-45S08

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• A widely adaptable hybrid that produces top performance from the Atlantic Ocean out to California

• Very good Goss’s wilt tolerance• Excellent leaf blight protection• Very good staygreen and late season plant intactness• Positive response to high management• Semi-fixed ear style means plant populations must be kept medium

to high• Can be planted late and still make great yields• Can be planted north as far as farmers usually plant 105 day hybrid• Husks remain tight until moisture drops to 25%

GROWER TIPS

• Can be planted north• Great leaf protection• Keep plant populations high


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The Enlist™ System - Get Control of Tough Weeds

Following burndown, Enlist Duo® and Enlist One® with Colex-D® technology are the only herbicides containing 2,4-D that are labeled for preemergence and postemergence use with Enlist E3™ soybeans.

• Convenient blend of 2,4-D choline and glyphosate

• Two modes of action to deliver control and help prevent resistance in your fields

• Straight-goods 2,4-D choline with additional tank-mix flexibility

• Ability to tank-mix with Liberty® herbicide and other qualified herbicides, customizing the ratio of herbicides to match each farm’s needs

On-Target Applications

• 90% less drift than traditional 2,4-D

• 96% less volatile than 2,4-D ester

• New 2,4-D Choline• Glyphosate• Glufosinate

108 RM

SB-45V08

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5ROOTS 9


• Dominate yield performance over 3 years testing• Has excellent yield data as a silage hybrid also• Strong tolerance to Goss’s wilt and gray leaf spot• Excellent late season staygreen and intactness• Very consistent ear size down the row• Excellent ear flex with very deep kernels• Great ability to move south of its maturity zone• Performs in less productive through highly productive soils• Plant on every farm in the 105-110 day range• Strong seedling vigor for fast starts

GROWER TIPS

• Can be grown for grain or silage• Strong protection against Goss’s

wilt and gray leaf spot• Be sure to plant some as it will

dominate this maturity zone

NEW 108 RM

SB-55R08

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5ROOTS 9


• A cracker-jack of a hybrid that excels on almost all scores that hybrids are rated on

• Strong early season vigor assures plants get started fast • Flowers early for longer grain setup• Outstanding Goss’s wilt and northern leaf blight tolerance• Impressive stalk and root strength• 18-20 kernel rows• Medium-tall plants with very erect leaf canopy• Tolerates high plant population• Great ear girth and flex

GROWER TIPS

• Strongest yields on highly productive soils

• Great choice for no-till soils• Strong performer in

continuous corn

Properly managing trait technology is key to preserving it as a long term crop protection tool. Growers who fail to comply with IRM requirements risk losing access to this product. To help preserve the effectiveness of B.t. corn technologies, growers planting B.t. corn technologies are required to follow an IRM Plan. Consult the Corn Product Use Guide for appropriate refuge configuration options. Before opening a bag of seed, be sure to read, understand and accept the stewardship requirements, including applicable refuge requirements for insect resistance management, for the biotechnology traits expressed in the seed as set forth in the Technology Use Agreement and Product Use Guide. By opening and using a bag of seed, you are reaffirming your obligation to comply with the most recent stewardship requirements. For complete details on IRM requirements for hybrids with Bt technology, including refuge examples and important information on the use of insecticides on refuge and Bt corn acres, please consult appropriate Product Use Guide. Go to www.corteva.us/ Resources/trait-stewardship.html to download the latest Corteva Agriscience Corn Product Use Guide.


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More Information on Corn Estimating Corn Yields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Stand Evaluation and uniformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Available Traits for Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Corn Plant Nutrients Needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Calculate Yield Corrected for Moisture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Conventional Corn Makes Economical Sense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

The Program Approach in Enlist® Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Lena was having a bad day and was grumbling to Ole, “Nobody loves me. Da whole vorld hates me.” Ole, trying to make her feel better, said, “Dat's not true, Lena. Some people don't even know yew.”

LIMITED 110 RM

SB-45R10

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8ROOTS 8.5


• Out yields Pioneer’s P0533 AMI by over 33 bu. per acre – three years testing!

• Taller hybrid with very good standability• Excellent fall plant intactness• Best performances on medium to well drained soils• Strong overall disease package, including top resistance to Goss’s wilt• Excellent ear flex• Average plus test weights• Strong seedling vigor• Strong, solid root system

GROWER TIPS

• Use to shoot for big, big yields• Excellent disease tolerance• Plant on well drained soils

LIMITED 111 RM

SS-45S11

CORN ON CORN 8EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8 9STALKS 8 8.ROOTS 8.5


• This unique hybrid can be planted from as far north as the bottom 1/3 of Wisconsin down into Texas and from Delaware out to California

• Very strong yield potential across a wide range of environments• Has ability to move both north and south of its zones• Very good ear flex• Good protection against Goss’s wilt• Average tolerance to gray leaf spot and stalk anthracnose• Shows very good positive yield response to irrigation

GROWER TIPS

• Irrigation a plus• Tolerates Goss’s wilt• Very adaptable hybrid

111 RM

K-44C11



• Outstanding yield performance with top of the line agronomics• Broadly adaptable to all markets in the 108-112 day maturity range• Plants are medium-tall with great roots, sturdy stalks and maintain

good plant health through harvest• Semi-flex ear style, with 14-16 kernel rows• White cob hybrid, makes this a great choice for silage, earlage or grain• Excellent tolerance to common leaf disease including Goss's wilt

GROWER TIPS

• Use for silage or grain• Excellent disease tolerance• Adapts to all soils


RFS C

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Ruminant Friendly Silage (RFS)Kussmaul Seeds develops hybrids that benefit producers. Corn silage is becoming the feed that dairy and beef producers are relying on to meet the nutritional needs of their animals.Ruminant Friendly Silage (RFS) hybrids have higher levels of digestible nutrients per acre than dual-purpose corns. This translates into more milk and meat per acre!With normal corn plants, the stalk contributes 17-20% of the plant’s total dry matter weight. Of this dry matter, the inner pith is more digestible than the outer rind. Kussmaul Seeds has produced RFS hybrids with a thinner outer rind and increased inner pith. The end result is a stalk that is more digestible.These hybrids also produce more leaves than normal grain hybrids. These hybrids have up to five more leaves above the ear, which contributes to more available protein to the rumen stomach. And with the extra leaves, there is more sugar in the plant. RFS hybrids are selected not just for tonnage, but for their ability to produce high grain yields. Kernels will have a softer texture, being 5-7% wetter than conventional hybrids of the same maturity. A higher percent of both stalk, and grain is available for digestion with RFS silage hybrids over conventional grain hybrids. With Kussmaul’s RFS varieties, you will get more milk and more pounds of gain from the same size silo, bunker, or pile over regular grain hybrids.Key Features

• More tons per acre• Soft kernel texture• Thinner, more digestible stalk rinds• Plant populations between 24-28,000 seeds per acre

The value of RFS HybridsRFS hybrids supply valuable nutritional characteristics, high yields and give our customers an economic advantage to produce them. To meet our Slect-Bred criteria, they must have:• A high grain to stalk ratio• Have an elevated sugar and protein content over dual-

purpose corns• Have excellent plant healthWe also screen for stalk flexibility, early flowering, slow drydown and soft kernel texture

Reduced plant populations: The outer rind of the stalk is all lignin, which is not digestible to the cattle’s rumen stomach. Reducing the population, results in fatter stalks, with more digestible inner pith. Growers have a longer harvest window with the slower drydown of RFS hybrids. This enables the grower to cut more tons at the most desirable harvest stage. RFS hybrids appear to be higher in moisture than they actually are, so be sure to keep a close eye on them as harvest season approaches.

Named after the leafy gene that produces a distinctive plant with 8 or more leaves above the top ear, the advantages of growing and feeding a Leafy Corn Silage Hybrid begin with these extra leaves. But the benefits don't end there…Strong AgronomicsEnvironment and management decisions have an impact on all crops, but Leafy Hybrids offers the grower some unique agronomic benefits in addition to the excellent agronomics that are required of any successful corn hybrid: • A Leafy has tremendous spring vigor and quickly

produces a thick canopy. This reduces the amount of sunlight that reaches the ground for the competing weeds, even when the Leafy is planted at the recommended 28,000 to 30,000 plants per acre (70,000-75,000 pph).

• A Leafy is more likely to flex than break in a foul weather event. Leafies have been bred to produce ears that are positioned relatively low on tall flexible stalks.

• Leafies have been selected to resist ear molds that can be responsible for the mycotoxins that ruin feed.

High Total Plant YieldLeafy Corn Silage Hybrids are bred to produce a high yield of digestible fiber and starch. Leafy’s extra leaves above the ear increase the leaf area index of the plant, allowing for more sugar production. These sugars are converted to starch in the ear. Leafies have flex-type ears and the extra leaves of a Leafy help to develop and fill those ears with starch. Extra leaves also increase tonnage. A Leafy crop stands taller and fuller than non-Leafy hybrids that are planted in the same location. Leafy Corn Silage Hybrids must be planted at low populations of 28,000 - 30,000 plants per acre (70,000-75,000 pph) to realize their optimal yield, but because each plant produces more dry matter than a dual purpose hybrid, you can realize top yields with less seed.

Long Harvest WindowLeafy Corn Silage Hybrids are bred to extend the ideal silage harvest window. They are selected for a slower and complimentary rate of drydown in both the plant and ear components. The whole plant stays near the ideal silage moisture level of 65% moisture and 50% kernel milkline for a longer period of time compared to dual purpose hybrids. Dairy producers are more likely to chop and store the best quality feed with this extended harvest window.


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aturity 85-112

RFS CORN 85-112 RM




TechnologySSRIB = RR2 + YGRW + 2nd Generation CB + Herculex BT + Herculex RW + RIB

VT2ProRIB = RR2 + 2nd Generation CB + RIB

GTCBLL = Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB + LL

Quad(3000GT) = Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB + Agrisure® RW + LL

Quad VIP = Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB + Agrisure® RW + Agrisure Viptera® + LL

A3122 = Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB/LL + Agrisure® RW + Herculex XTRA + Herculex 1 + E-Z Refuge®

Agrisure Duracade® (5122)

= Agrisure® GT + Agrisure® CB + Agrisure Duracade® + Herculex I + LL + E-Z Refuge®

Herculex XTRA = CB + RW + LL + Cutworms + Earworms + Stalk Borers + Armyworms

Herculex I = CB + LL + Cutworms + Earworms + Stalk Borers + Armyworms

Color Keyn = Conventionaln = Traitedn = RR2n = Organicn = RFS

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NEW RFS-2085RR nn 85 Same females as our popular RFS-2095RR Leafy Floury/RR2

28-30,000 9.0 9.0 2180 8.5 8.5 9.0 16-18 Chop Earlage Red - Flex T All Standard Good Very Good 9.0 RFS-2085RR

RFS-2090 nn 90 Leafy & floury cross, great yield and digestibility Leafy Floury/Conventional

28-32,000 9.0 9.0 2100 9.0 8.5 8.5 14-16 Chop Earlage - Flex T All zones with good fertility Semi-erect Good Very Good 9.0 RFS-2090

NEW RFS-2091 nn 91 High fiber and starch digestibility Leafy Floury/Conventional

28-30,000 9.0 8.0 2256 8.5 8.5 9.0 14-16 Chop Earlage White - Low and Flex

T All Standard Very Good Excellent 9.0 RFS-2091

NEW RFS-2091RR nn 91 High fiber and starch digestibility Leafy floury/RR2 28-30,000 9.0 8.0 2256 8.5 8.5 9.0 14-16 Chop Earlage White - Low and Flex

T All Standard Very Good Excellent 9.0 RFS-2091RR

RFS-2095 nn 95 Leafy & floury cross, excellent digestibility, white cob hybrid

Leafy Floury/Conventional

26-30,000 9.0 9.0 2260 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 Chop Earlage - Semi-flex T All zones, maintain fertility & micronutrients

Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 RFS-2095

RFS-2095RR nn 95 Leafy and floury cross, excellent digestibility, white cob hybrid

Leafy Floury/RR2


Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 RFS-2095RR

RFS-4401SS nn 101 Leafy hybrid with SS RIB protection Leafy/SSRIB 28-32,000 8.0 9.0 2895 8.5 9.0 9.0 14-16 No Not Recommended

- Flex M/T All Droopy Good Very Good 8.5 RFS-4401SS

NEW RFS-2001 nn 101 Large plants with high grain content Leafy Floury/Conventional

28-30,000 8.5 9.0 2460 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 Chop Earlage White - Flex T All Standard Very Good Very Good 8.5 RFS-2001

NEW RFS-2001RR nn 101 Large plants with high grain content Leafy Floury/RR2

28-30,000 8.5 9.0 2460 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 Chop Earlage White - Flex T All Standard Very Good Very Good 8.5 RFS-2001RR

RFS-2004RR nn 104 Leafy and floury cross with long harvest window Leafy Floury/RR2

28-33,000 8.5 9.0 2380 9.0 9.0 9.0 14-16 Chop Earlage - Flex T Good soils with top fertility Standard Good Very Good 8.5 RFS-2004RR

RFS-2006RR nn 106 Great stress and heat tolerance Leafy/RR2 28-34,000 9.0 9.0 2420 9.0 9.0 9.0 12-14 Chop Earlage - Flex T Most all environments Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 RFS-2006RR

RFS-1005RR nn 110 Leafy & floury cross with very high fiber and starch digestibility, white cob hybrid

Leafy Floury/RR2

26-30,000 8.5 9.0 2495 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 Chop Earlage - Flex T Best placement is on dairy acres, extra manure a plus

Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 RFS-1005RR

NEW RFS-2010RR nn 112 High starch digestibility Leafy/RR2 28,000 9.0 9.0 2780 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 Chop No Pink - Flex T All soils in zone Standard Very Good Excellent 9.0 RFS-2010RR


For Additional Information About RFS Hybrids See Pages 63-64 RFS C

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N – Relative M

aturity 85-112

More Information on RFS Corn Ruminant Friendly Silage (RFS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

How to Properly Sample Silage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Common Molds in Silage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

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NEW RFS-2085RR nn 85 Same females as our popular RFS-2095RR Leafy Floury/RR2

28-30,000 9.0 9.0 2180 8.5 8.5 9.0 16-18 Chop Earlage Red - Flex T All Standard Good Very Good 9.0 RFS-2085RR

RFS-2090 nn 90 Leafy & floury cross, great yield and digestibility Leafy Floury/Conventional

28-32,000 9.0 9.0 2100 9.0 8.5 8.5 14-16 Chop Earlage - Flex T All zones with good fertility Semi-erect Good Very Good 9.0 RFS-2090

NEW RFS-2091 nn 91 High fiber and starch digestibility Leafy Floury/Conventional

28-30,000 9.0 8.0 2256 8.5 8.5 9.0 14-16 Chop Earlage White - Low and Flex

T All Standard Very Good Excellent 9.0 RFS-2091

NEW RFS-2091RR nn 91 High fiber and starch digestibility Leafy floury/RR2 28-30,000 9.0 8.0 2256 8.5 8.5 9.0 14-16 Chop Earlage White - Low and Flex

T All Standard Very Good Excellent 9.0 RFS-2091RR

RFS-2095 nn 95 Leafy & floury cross, excellent digestibility, white cob hybrid

Leafy Floury/Conventional


Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 RFS-2095

RFS-2095RR nn 95 Leafy and floury cross, excellent digestibility, white cob hybrid

Leafy Floury/RR2


Semi-erect Excellent Excellent 9.0 RFS-2095RR

RFS-4401SS nn 101 Leafy hybrid with SS RIB protection Leafy/SSRIB 28-32,000 8.0 9.0 2895 8.5 9.0 9.0 14-16 No Not Recommended

- Flex M/T All Droopy Good Very Good 8.5 RFS-4401SS

NEW RFS-2001 nn 101 Large plants with high grain content Leafy Floury/Conventional

28-30,000 8.5 9.0 2460 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 Chop Earlage White - Flex T All Standard Very Good Very Good 8.5 RFS-2001

NEW RFS-2001RR nn 101 Large plants with high grain content Leafy Floury/RR2

28-30,000 8.5 9.0 2460 8.5 9.0 8.5 16-18 Chop Earlage White - Flex T All Standard Very Good Very Good 8.5 RFS-2001RR

RFS-2004RR nn 104 Leafy and floury cross with long harvest window Leafy Floury/RR2

28-33,000 8.5 9.0 2380 9.0 9.0 9.0 14-16 Chop Earlage - Flex T Good soils with top fertility Standard Good Very Good 8.5 RFS-2004RR

RFS-2006RR nn 106 Great stress and heat tolerance Leafy/RR2 28-34,000 9.0 9.0 2420 9.0 9.0 9.0 12-14 Chop Earlage - Flex T Most all environments Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 RFS-2006RR

RFS-1005RR nn 110 Leafy & floury cross with very high fiber and starch digestibility, white cob hybrid

Leafy Floury/RR2

26-30,000 8.5 9.0 2495 8.5 8.5 8.5 16-18 Chop Earlage - Flex T Best placement is on dairy acres, extra manure a plus

Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 8.5 RFS-1005RR

NEW RFS-2010RR nn 112 High starch digestibility Leafy/RR2 28,000 9.0 9.0 2780 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 Chop No Pink - Flex T All soils in zone Standard Very Good Excellent 9.0 RFS-2010RR

“I have been thrilled with the silage yields with the Leafy varieties of Kussmaul seed. Exceptional yields and my beef cows love it. Planted on bottom ground. Lowered my population as recommended, and was amazed at the results. Tall thick stalked plants with an amazing amount of leaf material. Plan to plant more next year.”

-Erik A. HelgersonIowa Grower


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aturity 85-101

NEW 85 RM

RFS-2085RR

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• New floury leafy cross with same female as RFS-2095RR• Great early choice for northern markets• Adapts well to different ration types• 10-11 leaves above the ear for more sugars• Feed quality is excellent• Red cob, 14-16 kernel rows with high starch digestibility• Expect high NDFd and high levels of protein

GROWER TIPS

• Can tolerate cooler soils• Plant 30,000 plants per acre• Start chopping at 40°–50° milk line

90 RM

RFS-2090

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 9STALKS 9ROOTS 8.5


• Floury by leafy cross• Excellent spring vigor• Pink cob• Good agronomics• Long harvest window• Excellent feed quality• Good starch digestibility• Excellent early hybrid

GROWER TIPS

• Keep population 28-30,000• Can tolerate cooler soils• Keep on highly fertile soils

NEW 91 RM

RFS-2091RR RFS-2091

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8.5 9ROOTS 8.5 9


• At 91 days, yield and performance of this hybrid are outstanding• Roots and stalks are adequate• Total agronomics are excellent• White cob• Fiber and starch digestibility are both very high • Has a short storage period before optimum feeding quality• In the farmers field, will produce ears with 25% floury kernels

GROWER TIPS

• Maintain a ¾’’ chop length• Plant at 28,000 plants per acre• No need to add straw to the ration

95 RM

RFS-2095RR & RFS-2095

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5 9ROOTS 8.5 9


• Floury leafy hybrid with 25% of the kernels on each ear are floury (no hard starch) remaining 75% of kernels quite soft

• White cob variety with very high starch digestibility• Fiber digestibility is plus• Excellent cool temperature emergence and early growth• Puts 11 leaves above the ear• Very good stress tolerance when populations are kept around

28,000 in 30” rows• Has a very high, stable yield• Use this hybrid to improve milk production

GROWER TIPS

• Keep populations around 28,000• Use as silage only to improve milk

production• Place on better soils• Great choice for high corn silage rations

LIMITED 101 RM

RFS-4401SS 101 RM

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5ROOTS 9


• A SmartStax® RIB Complete® X Leafy hybrid that balances high yields of both digestible fiber and digestible starch

• High fiber content for rumination and rumen retention• Moderately tall hybrid, 9-10 leaves above the ear promote

more sugar production that is converted to starch in the ear• Silage will have high grain content with large, energy-rich ears,

white cob hybrid• Stalks are adequate for silage production• Shorter bunker time required before feeding saves dry

matter loss

GROWER TIPS

• Plant where rootworm, corn borer and herbicide protection are needed in a silage hybrid

• Stalk strength is adequate for silage production however; don’t leave in the field for grain harvest

• Use where high milk production is desired

RFS C

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N – Relative M

aturity 101-112


NEW 101 RM

RFS-2001RR RFS-2001

CONVENTIONALCORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5 9ROOTS 9


• Large Plants with high grain content• Long harvest window• White cob• 16-18 kernel rows with large, soft kernels• 25% of kernels will be full floury• Has excellent feed quality • Agronomics are top notch• Excellent ration adaptability• Wide, dark green leaves

GROWER TIPS

• Plant 28-30,000• Great companion hybrid to RFS-2095• Can plant early into cooler soils

104 RM

RFS-2004RR

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 9STALKS 9ROOTS 9


• A floury-leafy hybrid• Has high yield• Excellent starch digestibility• White cob• Excellent feed quality• Long harvest window• Long, slender ear style• Adapts well to different rations

GROWER TIPS

• Use for milk, meat or dry cow rations• Standard leaf style will shade

rows quickly• Has longer harvest window

LIMITED 106 RM

RFS-2006RR

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 9STALKS 9ROOTS 9


• Great stress and heat tolerance• Very high grain content• Red cob with good kernel depth• Wide, dark green leaves• Has Pioneer 3417 in background• Shows good NDFd values

GROWER TIPS

• Has great stress and heat tolerance• Can be placed on tougher soil types• Has excellent ear flex

110 RM

RFS-1005RR

CORN ON CORN 9EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 9STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8.5


• All dairy farmers should be planting this hybrid for their silage variety

• Floury and leafy cross, where 25% of the kernels will be totally floury, and the remaining 75% will be typically leafy kernels

• High tonnage, with very high fiber and starch digestibility, 8-9 leaves above the ear

• Pink cob, girthy, flexible ear style• Excellent staygreen with very wide harvest window• Stalks have good flexibility• Does very well in high pH soils

GROWER TIPS

• Shoot for a harvest population of between 26-30,000 PPA

• Don’t plant more than you can chop• Starch and standability are both

depressed by increasing plant population

NEW 112 RM

RFS-2010RR



• This hybrid has a very soft kernels, with very good NDFd• Starch digestibility is high• Leaves are wide, with high disease resistance• Ears are large, with slow drying kernels• Pink cob with 16-18 kernel rows• Has Pioneer 3184 in background• Fills out ear tips well• Short storage period

GROWER TIPS

• Agronomics good enough to plant anywhere

• Good solid early vigor• Fairly long harvest window


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Plant HeightM = MediumM/T = Medium-TallT = Tall

ORGANIC CORN 77-105 RM

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KO-44O77 77 Top rated agronomics with late season plant integrity Organic 28-34,000 9.0 8.0 1809 8.0 9.0 8.5 14-16 9.0 9.0 8.0 - Semi-flex M/T All soil types, med-high pop,moderate management Standard Good Very Good 9.0 KO-44O77

KO-44O86 86 Ability to achieve impressive performance across high and low yield environments

Organic 24-32,000 8.5 8.5 2110 8.0 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Flex M/T Not recommended for corn-on-corn Semi-erect Fair Good 8.5 KO-44O86

KO-41O90 90 Makes excellent grain or silage Organic 28-36,000 8.5 8.0 2130 8.0 8.0 8.5 18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Flex T Rotated soils Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.5 KO-41O90

NEW KO-44O92 92 Strong option for grain or silage Organic 28-36,000 8.5 8.5 2275 8.5 8.0 8.0 16 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Flex M/T All Erect Good Very Good 8.5 KO-44O92

KO-44O96 95 Rugged, above average stress tolerance, white cob Organic 26-32,000 9.0 8.5 2275 8.5 8.0 8.0 16 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Flex M/T Keep in, or south of maturity zone Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 KO-44O96

NEW KO-44O95 95 Good hybrid for those tougher acres Organic 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2263 8.5 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M Top yield potential in all soils Semi-erect Good Very Good 9.0 KO-44O95

NEW KO-44O01 101 Excellent defensive hybrid Organic 32-39,000 9.0 8.0 2389 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 9.0 KO-44O01

KO-44O05 105 Best yield performance when kept in its zone Organic 24-32,000 8.5 8.0 2535 8.0 8.5 8.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex M/T High nitrogen, manure, rotated soils, highly productive Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.5 KO-44O05

77 RM

KO-44O77



• A medium-tall with standard canopy • Semi-flex ears sit fairly high on the stalks • Red cobs with average test weights• Strong husk flair promotes fast drydown• Has very good agronomics, good stress tolerance, and maintains

good fall plant health• For top yields, maintain medium-high to high plant populations

on moderately good soils• Has strong application into the dual-purpose grain or silage markets• Strong emergence for faster starts in cooler soils

GROWER TIPS

• Plant at medium-high to high plant populations

• Use for dual-purpose grain or silage in early markets

• Use in ultra early markets with good management

86 RM

KO-44O86

CORN ON CORN 7EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8ROOTS 8.5


• Ability to achieve impressive performance across high and low yield environments

• Produces longer ears with very good flex and grain quality, red cob color

• Husks flair to enhance drydown • Has very good late season staygreen and intactness• Good seedling vigor for rapid starts• Expect 16-18 kernel rows with the tips filled nicely• Above average test weights• Average-plus on most leaf diseases

GROWER TIPS

• Not recommended for corn-on-corn environments

• Great ear flex for variable populations• Good performance in all soils

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KO-44O77 77 Top rated agronomics with late season plant integrity Organic 28-34,000 9.0 8.0 1809 8.0 9.0 8.5 14-16 9.0 9.0 8.0 - Semi-flex M/T All soil types, med-high pop,moderate management Standard Good Very Good 9.0 KO-44O77

KO-44O86 86 Ability to achieve impressive performance across high and low yield environments

Organic 24-32,000 8.5 8.5 2110 8.0 8.5 8.5 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Flex M/T Not recommended for corn-on-corn Semi-erect Fair Good 8.5 KO-44O86

KO-41O90 90 Makes excellent grain or silage Organic 28-36,000 8.5 8.0 2130 8.0 8.0 8.5 18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Flex T Rotated soils Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.5 KO-41O90

NEW KO-44O92 92 Strong option for grain or silage Organic 28-36,000 8.5 8.5 2275 8.5 8.0 8.0 16 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Flex M/T All Erect Good Very Good 8.5 KO-44O92

KO-44O96 95 Rugged, above average stress tolerance, white cob Organic 26-32,000 9.0 8.5 2275 8.5 8.0 8.0 16 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Flex M/T Keep in, or south of maturity zone Semi-erect Very Good Excellent 9.0 KO-44O96

NEW KO-44O95 95 Good hybrid for those tougher acres Organic 32-39,000 9.0 8.5 2263 8.5 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.5 8.5 - Semi-flex M Top yield potential in all soils Semi-erect Good Very Good 9.0 KO-44O95

NEW KO-44O01 101 Excellent defensive hybrid Organic 32-39,000 9.0 8.0 2389 9.0 9.0 9.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.5 - Semi-flex M All Semi-erect Very Good Very Good 9.0 KO-44O01

KO-44O05 105 Best yield performance when kept in its zone Organic 24-32,000 8.5 8.0 2535 8.0 8.5 8.0 16-18 9.0 8.0 8.0 - Flex M/T High nitrogen, manure, rotated soils, highly productive Semi-erect Good Very Good 8.5 KO-44O05


90 RM

KO-41O90

CORN ON CORN 8EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8ROOTS 8


• A taller hybrid that not only makes good grain, but also works very well for early silage

• Shows strong seedling vigor for early planting• Best suited to rotated soils, sod or bean ground• Has good stress tolerance• Full flex ear style averaging 18 kernel rows• Above average test weights• Very good fall intactness and staygreen• Likes high fertility soils

GROWER TIPS

• Keep within zone• Plant in rotated soils• Don't plant where Goss's wilt

is present

NEW 92 RM

KO-44O92

CORN ON CORN 7EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8


• Impressive yield performance across high and low yield environments

• Strong option for both grain or silage• Produces balanced ears with good grain quality• Exhibits very good stay green and late season intactness• 16 kernel rows with above average tests wts.• Out performed Mycogen’s F2F379 by 1.0 tons D.M./acre and 3.7%

higher in starch in 2017/2018 tests

GROWER TIPS

• Do not plant where goss's wilt is a concern

• Best in rotated fields• Works well in all soil types

OR

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Plant HeightM = MediumM/T = Medium-TallT = Tall


95 RM

KO-44O96

CORN ON CORN 8EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 8


• A rugged hybrid with above average stress tolerance• Features very good grain quality• Produces high test weight • Plants start out strong, with very good early plant vigor • Flowers early for a 95 day hybrid, but dries down slower because

higher test weight • Semi-erect leaf angle • White cob, averaging 16 kernel rows

GROWER TIPS

• Does not require high plant population • Might also make good silage • Excellent seedling vigor

NEW 95 RM

KO-44O95

CORN ON CORN 7EARLY VIGOR 9STAYGREEN 8.5STALKS 8.5ROOTS 9


• Very good drought tolerance for those tougher acres• Strong stalks with excellent roots• Excellent fall health aids in late season standability• Very strong emergence and excellent early vigor for early planting

or no-till acres• Excellent top-end yield potential acres most soil types• 16-18 kernel rows with very good test weights• Semi-flex ear style• Excellent tolerance to green snap

GROWER TIPS

• Good Tolerance to tar spot• Very good against southern leaf blight,

common rust, and stalk anthracnose• Prefers rotated soils

NEW 101 RM

KO-44O01



• An excellent defensive hybrid• Attractive fall intactness• Moves south well, setting up potential for early corn early• Semi-flex ears with 16-18 kernel rows• Excellent performance east to west• Very stable across environments• Has very strong drought tolerance• Requires medium to medium-high plant populations

GROWER TIPS

• Very good tolerance to Gross’s wilt and eye spot

• Can withstand early planting• Handles variable, tough soils well

OR

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Conventional versus OrganicWe have had customers ask us what the differences are between organic and conventional seed corn. Kussmaul’s organic corn hybrids are produced by an organic seed producer, on organic soils, using inbred parent lines that were researched, bred and produced on organic soils. The drying, processing and bagging are certified by the Organic Association for delivery to organic growers. This seed does not contain any seed treatments of any kind; it is raw, clean seed.Kussmaul’s conventional corn hybrids are grown from parent inbred lines that have not been exposed to any genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) by the breeders, growers or Kussmaul. This does not guarantee that some contamination may not have occurred while in the production field by air borne pollen, which is out of our control. We only state that we have not exposed the seed to contamination and that we have grown the seed from parent lines that do not contain any known contamination. This seed is grown on regular seed production land, using chemicals to control weeds and using commercial fertilizers for plant food. Upon harvest, it is run through the same dryers, conditioning tower and bagging facility as seed containing GMO’s. It is also treated with a colorant, as well as chemicals to control seed and insect diseases.

105 RM

KO-44O05

CORN ON CORN 8.5EARLY VIGOR 8.5STAYGREEN 8STALKS 8ROOTS 8.5


• Best performance when kept within its zone• Medium-tall hybrid with good medium ear placement• Good stay green and late season plant health• Has excellent resistance to Goss’s wilt• Best if kept out of less productive fields• Good seedling vigor for fast starts• 16-18 kernel rows with solid test weights• Can also be used for silage• Red cob color

GROWER TIPS

• This hybrid loves nitrogen • Great choice when planted in sod or

bean ground • Use in fields with plenty of manure


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Numbering SystemKS - 28 G 15

Kussmaul Random Trait Variety Soybeans Number Package Maturity

Trait Package KeyG = Glyphosate Tolerant (Active ingredient in Roundup® herbicides)L = Liberty ToleranceE = Enlist ToleranceR = Roundup Ready 2 Yield®N = Nematode ResistanceX = Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® Tolerance

Rating Key1 = Excellent2.5 = Very Good5 = UnacceptableNR = Not Rated

Variety Maturity Key00 = .0001 = 0.111 = 1.122 = 2.231 = 3.1

Phytophthora Root Rot ResistanceRps1a = denotes resistance to races

1, 2, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 24, 26, 27, 31, 32, 36, 38Rps1c = denotes resistance to races

1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38

Rps1k = denotes resistance to races 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 36, 37, 38

N = No Resistance

Ask your dealer about availability and costs of treated soybeans.We recommend planting 140,000 seeds per acreKussmaul Seeds soybeans are available in pro-boxes and bulk bags or 140,000 seed units

Pro-Boxes: Most soybeans are available in 50-unit pro-boxes for $1/unit less than the bagged price. Volume and Early Pay discounts apply. You must order by February 15 and return the empty box before June 30. You will be invoiced $600 per pro-box at the time of pickup. This will come due on July 1, if the box has not been returned. You will be billed for damaged pro-boxes or lost lids.

Bulk Bags: Soybeans available in 40 unit bulk bags (at 5,600,000 seeds). The price per unit is the same as 140,000-seed units. Volume and Early Pay discounts apply. Please call for availability.

Small Bags: Paper bags containing 140,00 seeds. Bag weights may vary depending on the seed size of the soybeans and conditions in the growing year.

Know your bag colors! SOYBEANSBAG STRIPE COLOR TYPE OF TRAITGreen = GlyphosateRed = Roundup Ready 2 Xtend®Purple = GL27Yellow = EnlistAlways read the seed tags before you open the bag.

Monsanto Company is a member of Excellence Through Stewardship® (ETS). Monsanto products are commercialized in accordance with ETS Product Launch Stewardship Guidance, and in compliance with Monsanto’s Policy for Commercialization of Biotechnology-Derived Plant Products in Commodity Crops. This product has been approved for import into key export markets with functioning regulatory systems. Any crop or material produced from this product can only be exported to, or used, processed or sold in countries where all necessary regulatory approvals have been granted. It is a violation of national and international law to move material containing biotech traits across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Growers should talk to their grain handler or product purchaser to confirm their buying position for this product. Excellence Through Stewardship® is a registered trademark of Excellence Through Stewardship.ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW DIRECTIONS FOR USE ON PESTICIDE LABELING. IT IS A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL AND STATE LAW to use any pesticide product other than in accordance with its labeling. NOT ALL formulations of dicamba or glyphosate are approved for in-crop use with Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® soybeans. ONLY USE FORMULATIONS THAT ARE SPECIFICALLY LABELED FOR SUCH USES AND APPROVED FOR SUCH USE IN THE STATE OF APPLICATION. Contact the U.S. EPA and your state pesticide regulatory agency with any questions about the approval status of dicamba herbicide products for in-crop use with Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® soybeans.Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® soybeans contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate and dicamba. Products with XtendFlex® Technology contains genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate, glufosinate and dicamba. Glyphosate will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. Dicamba will kill crops that are not tolerant to dicamba. Glufosinate will kill crops that are not tolerant to glufosinate. Contact your seed brand dealer or refer to the Monsanto Technology Use Guide for recommended weed control programs.ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Roundup Ready® technology contains genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate, an active ingredient in Roundup® brand agricultural herbicides. Agricultural herbicides containing glyphosate will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate.Acceleron®, Roundup Ready 2 Xtend®, Roundup Ready 2 Yield®, Roundup Ready PLUS®, Roundup®, Roundup Ready®, SR and Design®, and XtendiMax® are trademarks of Bayer Group. Dow AgroSciences is a member of Excellence Through Stewardship® (ETS). Dow AgroSciences products are commercialized in accordance with ETS product launch stewardship guidance and Dow AgroSciences Product Launch Stewardship Policy. No crop or material produced from this product can be exported to, used, processed or sold across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Growers should talk to their grain handler or product purchaser to confirm their buying position for this product. For further information about your crop or grain marketing options, contact DAS at 877-4-TRAITS (877-487-2487). Information regarding the regulatory and market status of agricultural biotechnology products can be found at: www.biotradestatus.com.Seeds containing the Enlist, Herculex and PowerCore traits are protected under numerous US patents. Seeds containing patented traits can only be used to plant a single commercial crop and cannot be saved or replanted. You acknowledge and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of the following documents in effect at the time of planting of this seed: (i) the Technology Use Agreement and (ii) the Product Use Guides for all technologies in this seed, including the Herbicide Resistance Management (HRM), and Use requirements detailed therein (www.corteva.us/Resources/trait-stewardship.html). To plant Enlist, Herculex and PowerCore seed, you must have a limited license from Corteva Agriscience (or other appropriate affiliates). In consideration of the foregoing, Corteva Agriscience grants to the Grower the limited license to use its technology to produce only a single commercial crop in the United States under the terms and conditions set forth in the Technology Use Agreement in effect at the time of planting of this seed. Always read and follow herbicide label directions prior to use: Enlist® products contain the Enlist trait that provides crop safety for use of labeled over-the-top applications of glyphosate, glufosinate and 2,4-D herbicides featuring Colex-D® technology when applied according to label directions. Following burndown, the only 2,4-D containing herbicide products that may be used with Enlist® crops are products that feature Colex-D technology and are expressly labeled for use on Enlist crops. 2,4-D products that do not contain Colex-D technology are not authorized for use in conjunction with Enlist products. The transgenic soybeans event in Enlist E3® soybeans is jointly developed and owned by Dow AgroSciences LLC and M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. ®™ Enlist, Enlist E3, the Enlist E3 logo, and Colex-D are trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow. Excellence Through Stewardship is a registered trademark of Excellence Through Stewardship. Enlist E3® soybean seeds containing the Enlist® trait can only be used to plant a single commercial crop. It is unlawful to save and replant Enlist E3® soybeans. Additional information and limitations on the use of these products are provided in the Corteva Agriscience Technology Use Agreement and Enlist® Soybean Product Use Guide. U.S. patents for Dow AgroSciences technologies can be found at the following webpage: www.corteva.us/Resources/trait-stewardship.html.Enlist E3® soybeans were jointly developed by Dow AgroSciences LLC and MS Technologies, LLC.®™ Enlist, Enlist E3, the Enlist E3 logo, and Colex-D are trademarks of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow.Excellence Through Stewardship is a registered trademark of Excellence Through Stewardship.LibertyLink® SoybeansWith LibertyLink® you get high-performing genetics coupled with excellent performance on tough-to-control weeds for real yields that deliver. Soybeans with the LibertyLink trait allow growers to spray powerful Liberty® herbicide in-crop for nonselective postemergence control of even the toughest weeds, including Palmer amaranth, giant ragweed, kochia, waterhemp and marestail. LibertyLink® GT27™: The LibertyLink® GT27™ system combines all the power of LibertyLink technology, supercharged with enhanced weed control and cutting edge yield.Seeds containing the LibertyLink® trait may be protected under one or more U.S. patents and may be planted only to produce one (1) commercial crop in a single season, and only after signing a BASF Grower Technology Agreement. It is illegal to save seeds containing the LibertyLink trait for use as planting seed or for transfer to others for use as planting seed.LibertyLink® GT27™ soybeans offer triple stack tolerance to Liberty, glyphosate, and, pending EPA approval, the first HPPD based herbicide for soybeans. LibertyLink GT27 is not tolerant to all HPPD herbicides. HPPD herbicides currently on the market are prohibited for use with LibertyLink GT27 soybeans and may result in significant crop injury.Always read and follow label directions. Liberty and LibertyLink are registered trademarks of BASF. GT27 is a trademark of M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. and BASF. MS Technologies is a trademark of M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. ©2018 BASF Corporation / M.S. Technologies, L.L.C. All Rights Reserved. APN 18-INT-0014Performance may vary from location to location and from year to year, as local growing, soil and weather conditions may vary. Growers should evaluate data from multiple locations and years whenever possible


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The Enlist™ System - Get Control of Tough Weeds

Following burndown, Enlist Duo® and Enlist One® with Colex-D® technology are the only herbicides containing 2,4-D that are labeled for preemergence and postemergence use with Enlist E3™ soybeans.

• Convenient blend of 2,4-D choline and glyphosate

• Two modes of action to deliver control and help prevent resistance in your fields

• Straight-goods 2,4-D choline with additional tank-mix flexibility

• Ability to tank-mix with Liberty® herbicide and other qualified herbicides, customizing the ratio of herbicides to match each farm’s needs

On-Target Applications

• 90% less drift than traditional 2,4-D

• 96% less volatile than 2,4-D ester

• New 2,4-D Choline• Glyphosate• Glufosinate

Think Before You Bin-RunVerification Required The last patent on the original Roundup Ready® soybean trait expired a few years ago and U.S. farmers may legally plant saved seed from some varieties of soybean containing the Roundup Ready® soybean trait. However, it is important that you check with your seed supplier to determine if a specific Roundup Ready® soybean variety is covered by other intellectual property rights, and if so, the policy for saving seed of that variety.Higher Seeding Rate A higher seeding rate may be required for bin-run Roundup Ready® soybeans compared to new branded seed.

Yield Loss Roundup Ready 2 Yield® soybean varieties and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® soybean varieties typically have a higher yield opportunity than Roundup Ready® soybean varieties*.

Cleanout Loss Loss of seed and/or shrink occurs during the seed cleaning and handling processes for bin-run seed.

Seed Treatment Costs Treating your seed will add costs—both the cost of the treatment and the application of that treatment.

Lost Income Every bushel of saved seed you plant is a bushel you’re not selling as commodity grain.

Increased Seed Management If you plan to save and bin-run Roundup Ready® soybeans for planting, you will have to manage your harvest operations and grain storage so that the seed isn’t co-mingled with other seed that’s covered by intellectual property rights.

High Value of New Branded SeedLatest Technology

• High-yielding soybean technologies• Better variety options• Leading seed treatment options

Customer Service• Dealer agronomic support before and after the sale• Replant policy support• Convenient packaging and delivery

Reliable Germination and Quality• Rigorously tested and meets U.S. Federal• Seed Act requirements• Free of seed-borne diseases• Properly stored and conditioned


SOYBEANS 0.5-2.7 RM

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S – Relative Maturity 0.5-2.7

Rating1 = Excellent2.5 = Very Good5 = UnacceptableNR = Not Rated

Phytophthora Root Rot ResistanceRps1a = denotes resistance to races

1, 2, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 24, 26, 27, 31, 32, 36, 38Rps1c = denotes resistance to races

1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38Rps1k = denotes resistance to races

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 36, 37, 38N = No Resistance

Color Keyn = RR2XT - Roundup Ready 2 Xtend®n = RR2Y - Roundup Ready 2 Yield®n = Glyphosaten = GT27 LibertyLink®n = Enlist E3®

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KS-28G05 n 0.5 GT LR1 31" 2.1 1.7 38.2/22.4 Med-bushy 4200 Light Tawny Rclc 1.7 MR 1.9 1.9 2.5 Pending 60079 KS-28G05

NEW KS-28E08 n 0.8 Enlist E3® P188.788 Medium + 1.0 1.2 NA Med-Bushy 3200 Gray NG 1.8 R 2.3 2.3 Pending 73918289 KS-28E08

KS-28G09 n 0.9 GT LR4 33" 1.8 2.2 39.6/22.2 Med-bushy 3000 Light Tawny – 1.8 MR 1.65 2.3 2.2 Pending 60609-59 KS-28G09

KS-28G11L n 1.1 GT27 Liberty 2.5 Medium 1.0 1.2 NA Med-bushy 2400 Light Tawny – 3.0 R 2.0 1.8 Pending Q958986 KS-28G11L

KS-28G12 n 1.2 GT – 32" 1.8 1.6 39.7/21.0 Med-bushy 3100 Light Tawny Rglk 1.8 MR 1.65 2.5 1.7 Pending 60680 KS-28G12

KS-28G14L n 1.4 GT27 Liberty 1.5 Medium- tall

1.2 2.1 – Bushy 2200 Light Tawny – 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 Seed Patent Info Below*

Q958987 KS-28G14L

KS-28E14 n 1.4 Enlist E3® PI88.788 Medium 1.7 1.1 NA Med-bushy 2600 Gray – 2.5 R 2.5 2.7 Pending 56108107 KS-28E14

KS-28G15 n 1.5 GT – 32" 1.5 1.4 40.4/20.2 Med-bushy 2900 Light Tawny – 1.9 1.25 2.4 3.0 Pending 60050 KS-28G15

KS-28G16L n 1.6 GT27 Liberty PI88.788 Medium 1.6 1.0 NA Med-bushy 2600 Light Tawny Rps1k 2.4 R 2.4 2.2 Pending 63940907 KS-28G16L

KS-28G17 n 1.7 GT – 34" 1.6 1.7 40.4/20.7 Med-bushy 2750 Light Tawny Rglk 1.9 R 1.15 2.4 2.4 Pending 60000 KS-28G17

NEW KS-28E17 n 1.7 Enlist E3® P188.788 Medium 1.5 1.9 NA Med-Bushy 3600 Gray Rps1k 2.0 NG 2.1 2.0 Pending 71808215 KS-28E17


1.2 1.7 – Med-bushy 2275 Light Tawny – 2.0 – 2.0 1.8 Seed Patent Info Below*

Q958837 KS-28G19L

KS-28G20 n 2.0 GT – 35" 1.7 1.4 42.1/20.6 Med-bushy 2720 Light Tawny – 1.7 1.1 2.5 1.2 8558073 96288 KS-28G20

KS-28E21 n 2.1 Enlist E3® PI88.788 Medium 1.8 1.3 NA Med-bushy 26-2800 Gray Rcps1c 1.8 R 2.4 2.6 Pending 54859418 KS-28E21

KS-28G22 n 2.2 GT LR-R3-R4 Medium-tall

1.6 1.4 NA Medium 2900 Light Tawny Rg1k 1.8 1.1 2.3 1.2 Pending 99717PP KS-28G22

KS-28X23N n 2.3 R2XT MR1, R3 34" - Tall 1.4 1.9 41.1/21.1 Med-bushy 26-2800 Gray Rps1c 1.6 MR 1.5 2.0 2.0 Pending 89846998 KS-28X23N

KS-28G25 n 2.5 GT 1.5 36" 1.1 1.4 Not Known Bushy 2900 Light Tawny – 1.6 2.0 3.2 1.9 7453028 Q848855 KS-28G25

KS-28G27 n 2.7 GT - Tall 1.7 2.3 NA Slender 3200 Tawny – 2.0 1.8 2.7 1.9 Pending I3035 KS-28G27


*REMINDER - FARMERS ARE NOT ALLOWED TO KEEP ANY ROUNDUP READY 2 YIELD® SOYBEANS, GLYPHOSATE SOYBEANS, ROUNDUP READY 2 XTEND® SOYBEANS, GT 27™ LIBERTYLINK® SOYBEANS OR ENLIST E3™ SOYBEANS THAT THEY HARVEST. ALL OF OUR SOYBEAN VARIETIES ARE PROTECTED BY PATENTS.

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For those growers needing later varieties,

please contact our office for more information.

These seeds are protected under

patent laws Number 002416-284.

Unauthorized propagation is

prohibited.

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KS-28G05 n 0.5 GT LR1 31" 2.1 1.7 38.2/22.4 Med-bushy 4200 Light Tawny Rclc 1.7 MR 1.9 1.9 2.5 Pending 60079 KS-28G05

NEW KS-28E08 n 0.8 Enlist E3® P188.788 Medium + 1.0 1.2 NA Med-Bushy 3200 Gray NG 1.8 R 2.3 2.3 Pending 73918289 KS-28E08

KS-28G09 n 0.9 GT LR4 33" 1.8 2.2 39.6/22.2 Med-bushy 3000 Light Tawny – 1.8 MR 1.65 2.3 2.2 Pending 60609-59 KS-28G09

KS-28G11L n 1.1 GT27 Liberty 2.5 Medium 1.0 1.2 NA Med-bushy 2400 Light Tawny – 3.0 R 2.0 1.8 Pending Q958986 KS-28G11L

KS-28G12 n 1.2 GT – 32" 1.8 1.6 39.7/21.0 Med-bushy 3100 Light Tawny Rglk 1.8 MR 1.65 2.5 1.7 Pending 60680 KS-28G12


1.2 2.1 – Bushy 2200 Light Tawny – 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.8 Seed Patent Info Below*

Q958987 KS-28G14L

KS-28E14 n 1.4 Enlist E3® PI88.788 Medium 1.7 1.1 NA Med-bushy 2600 Gray – 2.5 R 2.5 2.7 Pending 56108107 KS-28E14

KS-28G15 n 1.5 GT – 32" 1.5 1.4 40.4/20.2 Med-bushy 2900 Light Tawny – 1.9 1.25 2.4 3.0 Pending 60050 KS-28G15

KS-28G16L n 1.6 GT27 Liberty PI88.788 Medium 1.6 1.0 NA Med-bushy 2600 Light Tawny Rps1k 2.4 R 2.4 2.2 Pending 63940907 KS-28G16L

KS-28G17 n 1.7 GT – 34" 1.6 1.7 40.4/20.7 Med-bushy 2750 Light Tawny Rglk 1.9 R 1.15 2.4 2.4 Pending 60000 KS-28G17

NEW KS-28E17 n 1.7 Enlist E3® P188.788 Medium 1.5 1.9 NA Med-Bushy 3600 Gray Rps1k 2.0 NG 2.1 2.0 Pending 71808215 KS-28E17


1.2 1.7 – Med-bushy 2275 Light Tawny – 2.0 – 2.0 1.8 Seed Patent Info Below*

Q958837 KS-28G19L

KS-28G20 n 2.0 GT – 35" 1.7 1.4 42.1/20.6 Med-bushy 2720 Light Tawny – 1.7 1.1 2.5 1.2 8558073 96288 KS-28G20

KS-28E21 n 2.1 Enlist E3® PI88.788 Medium 1.8 1.3 NA Med-bushy 26-2800 Gray Rcps1c 1.8 R 2.4 2.6 Pending 54859418 KS-28E21

KS-28G22 n 2.2 GT LR-R3-R4 Medium-tall

1.6 1.4 NA Medium 2900 Light Tawny Rg1k 1.8 1.1 2.3 1.2 Pending 99717PP KS-28G22

KS-28X23N n 2.3 R2XT MR1, R3 34" - Tall 1.4 1.9 41.1/21.1 Med-bushy 26-2800 Gray Rps1c 1.6 MR 1.5 2.0 2.0 Pending 89846998 KS-28X23N

KS-28G25 n 2.5 GT 1.5 36" 1.1 1.4 Not Known Bushy 2900 Light Tawny – 1.6 2.0 3.2 1.9 7453028 Q848855 KS-28G25

KS-28G27 n 2.7 GT - Tall 1.7 2.3 NA Slender 3200 Tawny – 2.0 1.8 2.7 1.9 Pending I3035 KS-28G27


SOYBEANS 0.5-1.7 RMSOY

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AN


0.5 RM

KS-28G05GTEMERGENCE SCORESTANDABILITYPRR TOLERANCEWHITE MOLDIRON CHLOROSIS

5 4 3 2 1


• Superb standability for easier harvest• Very attractive, tawny color• Has out yielded Asgrow’s AG0301 by 20% and Pioneer’s P90M90RR by 15%• Very solid defensive line that excels in northern Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota• Medium height with strong branching tendency

NEW 0.8 RM

KS-28E08

EMERGENCE SCORESTANDABILITYPRR TOLERANCEWHITE MOLDIRON CHLOROSIS

5 4 3 2 1


• Enlist E3® soybean• An early yield machine!• This line has the performance to earn big acres• Standability, emergence, and yield are all impressive• Has PI88.788 gene, R3, MR14• Stem canker and brown stem rot are both R• Strong Phytophthora root rot score• White flowers, gray pubescence, tan pods and buff colored hilum

0.9 RM


5 4 3 2 1


• Tolerant of glyphosate herbicides• High yielding soybean line that outperforms Pioneer P90M90 by 16%• Yielded over 65 bushels per acre in our production field in 2014• Great defensive traits, including strong tolerance to brown stem rot and Phytophthora root rot• Seed size tends to run large• Strong emergence helps this line in no-till soils• Use in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana• Attractive, bushy plants

1.1 RM

KS-28G11L


5 4 3 2 1


• GT27 soybean tolerant of Liberty® and Roundup® herbicides• Early 1.1 maturity with very good tolerance iron deficiency chlorosis and SCN• Excellent standability• Medium type plants, good fit for drilling• Purple flowers, tan pods and brown hilum

1.2 RM


5 4 3 2 1


• High yielding line that is stable over a wide geographic region• Has the K gene for good field tolerance to Phytophthora root rot• Strong defense against brown stem rot and white mold• Medium-bushy plants allow wider range of row width options• Excellent no-till choice for Wisconsin, Minnesota, South Dakota and North Dakota• 12% yield advantage over Asgrow’s AG0801• Better standability than P91B33RR• Also tolerant of DuPont's Harmony and Synchrony herbicides


SOY

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1.4 RM

KS-28G14L 1.4 RM


5 4 3 2 1


• Medium-tall bushy plants• Attractive light-tawny color• Very strong defensive package for SCN, iron deficiency chlorosis, PFT, brown stem rot and Sclerotinia white mold• Tolerant of glyphosate and Liberty® herbicides• In 2017 tests, KS-28G14L was 108% above the test mean for all locations

1.4 RM

KS-28E14


5 4 3 2 1


• Enlist E3® soybean• 1.4 maturity that stands like a post• Gorgeous gray/tan color• SCN and brown stem rot resistant• Very strong iron deficiency chlorosis as well as Phytophthora root rot field tolerance• Yield is very uniform throughout the field• Purple flowers, tan pods and imperfect black hilum

1.5 RM


5 4 3 2 1


• We feel this line may be the new yield champion in this maturity!• In testing in 2009, out yielded all competitors by 8%, including DK15-51• Very attractive bean with excellent standability• Adapts well across the Midwest including Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and South Dakota• Super brown stem rot and Phytophthora root rot scores

1.6 RM

KS-28G16L


5 4 3 2 1


• This line features excellent standability• Top protection against SCN, iron deficiency chlorosis, brown stem rot and Sclerotinia white mold• Position from South Dakota to Michigan• Really excels central Minnesota and east• Purple flowers, tan pods, and brown hilum• Has moderate protection against sudden death syndrome• Excels across high yield environments• Carries PI88.788 gene to fight cyst nematodes R3-MR14

1.7 RM


5 4 3 2 1


• Contains the K gene for good Phytophthora root rot tolerance• Excellent resistance to brown stem rot• Has consistently shown high yields all through testing by out yielding De Kalb’s DK15-51 by 10% and Asgrow’s

AG1702 by 2%• Standability is very strong• Great protein to oil ratio• Use in Wisconsin and west through its maturity zone


SOYBEANS 1.7-2.7 RMSOY

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NEW 1.7 RM

KS-28E17


5 4 3 2 1


• Enlist E3® soybean• Performance is the key to this line• SCN, Rps1K, Sclerotinia white mold, yield, iron deficiency chlorosis, stem canker• 2019 was a good year to measure white mold, and KS-28E17 saw a step up in tolerance to checks• Has PI88.788 gene – R3MR14• Medium height plants with excellent stress tolerance• Purple flowers, gray pubescence, brown pods, and imperfect black hilum

1.9 RM

KS-28G19L


5 4 3 2 1


• Medium-tall plants• Light-tawny/tan plants with very good health• Great standability• Good tolerance to Sclerotinia white mold and SCN• Average tolerance to iron deficiency chlorosis• Tolerant to glyphosate and Liberty® herbicides• Yielded 106% of trial averages in 2017

2.0 RM

KS-28G20 GTEMERGENCE SCORESTANDABILITYPRR TOLERANCEWHITE MOLDIRON CHLOROSIS

5 4 3 2 1


• Out yields many of the Roundup Ready 2 Yield® brands by over 8%• Easily out performs the competition• Very widely adaptable from New York to South Dakota• Excellent Sclerotinia white mold score• Very good standability for a taller bean• In over 140 reps, beat both Asgrow and Pioneer varieties by over 6 bushels per acre

2.1 RM

KS-28E21


5 4 3 2 1


• Enlist E3® soybean• Eye catching blond color• Great standability at harvest• Great iron deficiency chlorosis and Phytophthora root root tolerance• Best performance kept in zone 1.9-2.2• Impressive stress tolerance• Purple flowers, tan pods and imperfect black hilum• Average tolerance to sudden death syndrome

2.2 RM


5 4 3 2 1


• Dominate bean in early 2 tests• Attractive tawny golden color• Very good defensive line against Sclerotinia white mold and brown stem rot• Top performance across environments• Makes good companion bean to KS-28G20 or KS-28G25• Segregating flower color, brown pods and black hilum• Cheaper alturnative to Roundup Ready Xtend® and Enlist E3® soybeans• Top yielder drilled or in rows

SOY

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More Information on Soybeans

Stages of Development .......................................... 74-75

How Good Is Your Scouting Eye? ...................................76

Managing Seed Discounts and Financing ............... 76-77

Early Season Frost & Low Temperature Damage to Corn and Soybean ....................................................78

Pounds of Soybeans per Acre........................................78

Little Ole went to his first wedding and whispered to his mother, "Why is da bride dressed in white?"

"Because white is da color of happiness and today is da happiest day of her life," said his mom.

Ole was silent for a minutes, and then said, "Den vhy is da groom vearing black?"

2.3 RM

KS-28X23N


5 4 3 2 1


• Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® Soybean that’s a monster in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan• Tall with excellent standability • Excellent protection against Sclerotinia white mold, brown stem rot-MR, and has Rps1c gene• Purple flowers, gray pubescence, brown pod and black hilum• Yield Leader

2.5 RM

KS-28G25NGTEMERGENCE SCORESTANDABILITYPRR TOLERANCEWHITE MOLDIRON CHLOROSIS

5 4 3 2 1


• Medium-tall plants• Very good standability• Has cyst marker – PI 88.788• Showy, attractive appearance• Handles stress in cyst and non-cyst environments• Very consistent performer• White flower, brown pod wall, black hilum

2.7 RM


5 4 3 2 1


• Glyphosate tolerant line developed by Kussmaul Seeds• Tall bean with pods everywhere• Beautiful golden color at harvest• Fits zones 2.7-3.1 well• Best in narrow rows or drilled• Yield leader in maturity• Mixed purple and white flowers, tan pods and imperfect black hilum

No dicamba may be used in-crop with seed in the Roundup Ready® Xtend Crop System unless and until approved by the U.S. EPA and the appropriate state agency for such use. As of 7/13/2020, no dicamba formulations are currently registered by the U.S. EPA for in-crop use with seed in the Roundup Ready® Xtend Crop System in the 2021 season.*

*No dicamba may be used in-crop with seed in the Roundup Ready® Xtend Crop System unless and until approved by the U.S. EPA and the appropriate state agency for such use. As of 7/13/2020, no dicamba formulations are currently registered by the U.S. EPA for in-crop use with seed in the Roundup Ready® Xtend Crop System in the 2021 season. Current stocks of dicamba herbicides previously approved for in-crop use with seed in the Roundup Ready® Xtend Crop System may not be used for the 2021 growing season. Dicamba may harm crops that are not tolerant to dicamba. Contact the U.S. EPA and your state pesticide regulatory agency with any questions about the approval status of dicamba herbicides products for in-crop use with seed in the Roundup Ready® Xtend Crop System.

NOTICE: DO NOT APPLY ANY HERBICIDE TO SEED IN THE ROUNDUP READY® XTEND CROP SYSTEM UNLESS IT HAS A PRODUCT LABEL SPECIFICALLY AUTHORIZING THAT USE. TO USE A HERBICIDE IN ANY MANNER INCONSISTENT WITH ITS LABELING IS A VIOLATION OF FEDERAL LAW. REFER TO THE BAYER TECHNOLOGY USE GUIDE FOR DETAILS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON USING APPROVED ROUNDUP® AND LIBERTY® BRANDED HERBICIDES ON SEED IN THE ROUNDUP READY® XTEND CROP SYSTEM.

ALFA

LFA


ALFALFA Performance Assured alfalfa products listed meet or exceed Kussmaul Seeds’ Performance Assured criteria for exceptional performance and value.

Some of our Alfalfa varieties may be ordered in 34% coated seed or as raw seed. Some varieties may be ordered with different fungicide treatments also. Please talk to our Kussmaul Seed rep for these different options

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High Yielding, Traffic Tested®, Genuity® Roundup Ready® AlfalfaAmeriStand 435TQ RR 3 3.1 1.2 EX EX EX EX EX Fast VG EX 3-4 VG

Ameristand 455TQ RR 3 4.4 2.0 EX EX EX EX EX Very Fast VG EX 4-5 VG

Conventional AlfalfaAscend 552 3 5.0 EX EX VG EX EX EX EX G EX 4-5 VG

Summit 3 4.5 EX EX EX EX EX EX EX EX EX 4-5 EX

Marathon 500 3 4.5 2.6 EX EX EX EX EX EX VG VG 4-5 VG

Haymaker II Supreme 3 4.0 EX VG EX EX EX EX VG G EX 3-4 EX

Leafy 430 3 4.0 1.3 EX EX EX EX EX EX VG VG 4 VG

Kow Chow 4 3 4.0 2.0 VG VG EX EX EX G VG VG 3-4 VG

Hi-Gest® 360 3 3.0 1.5 EX EX EX EX EX EX VG G 4-5 73%

NEW Northern Hardy Brand - 3.0 VG G VG VG VG G G G - 3-4 -

Pest ResistanceHR = High ResistanceR = ResistanceMR = Moderate ResistanceS = Susceptible

Numeric Scale1 - 5

Rating ScaleEX = ExcellentVG = Very GoodG = GoodP = Poor

Winter Hardiness Rating1 = Best5 = Poorest

Fall DormancyFall dormancy numbers are a reflection on average number of harvest cuts per year

ALFA

LFA


AmeriStand 435TQ RR Traffic Tested® alfalfa with Roundup Ready® tolerance.Key Features: Outstanding leaf retention and stem quality for optimizing digestibility and forage quality potential. High yield potential and disease resistance. Improved salt tolerance of geminating seeds.Fall Dormancy Rating: 3.1 Winter Hardiness Rating: 1.2Pest Package: Anthracnose - HR; Aphanomyces Race I - HR; Bacterial Wilt - HR; Phytophthora Root Rot - HR; Verticilium Wilt - R; Fusarium Wilt - R; Pea Aphid - R; Spotted Alfalfa Aphid - R; Stem Nematode - MR

AmeriStand 433T RRTop Quality Traffic Tested® Alfalfa with Genuity® Roundup Ready® ToleranceFall Dormancy 3.3 • Very Winterhardy 2.5

T = Traffic Tested®

RR = Genuity® Roundup Ready®

Performance Profile

Yield Potential S G VG EX

Forage Quality Potential S G VG EX

Traffic Tested® S G VG EX

Cuttings per Season 2-3 3-4 4-5 5+

Stand Persistence S G VG EX

Recovery After Cutting Slow Norm Fast VeryFast

Stress Tolerance S G VG EX

Reduced Tillage S G VG EX

Crown Size Small Med LargeVery

Large

Resistance Ratings

Aphanomyces Root Rot (Race 1) LR MR R HR

Anthracnose (Race 1) LR MR R HR

Phytophthora Root Rot LR MR R HR

Bacterial Wilt LR MR R HR

Verticillium Wilt LR MR R HR

Fusarium Wilt LR MR R HR

Pea Aphid LR MR R HR

• Excellentqualityproventoproduce22,864milkpoundsperacre

• UniqueplanttypelikeAmeriStand403TPluswithlarge,deep-seatedcrown,finestems,abundantleafmassandcrownbudactivity

• Highyieldpotentialwithexcellentstandpersistence

• Highresistancetofouryield-robbingdiseases

More Milk from Every Acre

InIowatrials,AmeriStand433TRRaveragedmorepoundsof

milkperacrethanHybriForce400andPioneer54V54.Inthestudy,

AmeriStand433TRRyielded22,864poundsofmilkfrom8.20tonsofalfalfa.

ItcombinesTrafficTested®durabilityandhighresistancetofourcommon

diseaseswiththeeaseofGenuity®RoundupReady®weedcontrol.

Based on the decision of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) on January 27, 2011, Genuity® Roundup Ready® Alfalfa seed is available for sale and distribution by authorized Seed Companies or their dealers for use in the United States only. This seed may not be planted outside of the United States, or for the production of seed, or sprouts. Monsanto Company is a member of Excellence Through Stewardship® (ETS). Monsanto products are commercialized in accordance with ETS Product Launch Stewardship Guidance, and in compliance with Monsanto’s Policy for Commercialization of Biotechnology-Derived Plant Products in Commodity Crops. This product has been approved for import into key export markets with functioning regulatory systems. Any crop or material produced from this product can only be exported to, or used, processed or sold in countries where all necessary regulatory approvals have been granted. Do not export Genuity® Roundup Ready® alfalfa seed or crop, including hay or hay products, to China pending import approval. It is a violation of national and international law to move material containing biotech traits across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Growers should talk to their grain handler or product purchaser to confirm their buying position for this product. Excellence Through Stewardship® is a registered trademark of Biotechnology Industry Organization. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Roundup Ready® crops contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup® brand agricultural herbicides. Roundup® brand agricultural herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. Roundup Ready® and Roundup® are registered trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC. ©2011 Monsanto Company.

©2011 America’s Alfalfa (logo) and Traffic Tested (logo) are registered trademarks. D1974

Conventional Genuity® Roundup Ready®

AmeriStand 455TQ RR Top quality Traffic Tested® Alfalfa with Roundup Ready® toleranceKey Features: Produces large and deep set crowns with high root crown carbohydrate reserves for regrowth and winter survival. High resistance to six yield-robbing alfalfa pests.Fall Dormancy Rating: 4.4 Winter Hardiness Rating: 2.0Pest Package: Anthracnose - HR; Aphanomyces Race I - HR; Bacterial Wilt - HR; Phytophthora Root Rot - HR; Verticilium Wilt - R; Fusarium Wilt - HR; Stem Nematode - R

AmeriStand 433T RRTop Quality Traffic Tested® Alfalfa with Genuity® Roundup Ready® ToleranceFall Dormancy 3.3 • Very Winterhardy 2.5

T = Traffic Tested®

RR = Genuity® Roundup Ready®

Performance Profile

Yield Potential S G VG EX

Forage Quality Potential S G VG EX

Traffic Tested® S G VG EX

Cuttings per Season 2-3 3-4 4-5 5+

Stand Persistence S G VG EX

Recovery After Cutting Slow Norm Fast VeryFast

Stress Tolerance S G VG EX

Reduced Tillage S G VG EX

Crown Size Small Med LargeVery

Large

Resistance Ratings

Aphanomyces Root Rot (Race 1) LR MR R HR

Anthracnose (Race 1) LR MR R HR

Phytophthora Root Rot LR MR R HR

Bacterial Wilt LR MR R HR

Verticillium Wilt LR MR R HR

Fusarium Wilt LR MR R HR

Pea Aphid LR MR R HR

• Excellentqualityproventoproduce22,864milkpoundsperacre

• UniqueplanttypelikeAmeriStand403TPluswithlarge,deep-seatedcrown,finestems,abundantleafmassandcrownbudactivity

• Highyieldpotentialwithexcellentstandpersistence

• Highresistancetofouryield-robbingdiseases

More Milk from Every Acre

InIowatrials,AmeriStand433TRRaveragedmorepoundsof

milkperacrethanHybriForce400andPioneer54V54.Inthestudy,

AmeriStand433TRRyielded22,864poundsofmilkfrom8.20tonsofalfalfa.

ItcombinesTrafficTested®durabilityandhighresistancetofourcommon

diseaseswiththeeaseofGenuity®RoundupReady®weedcontrol.

Based on the decision of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) on January 27, 2011, Genuity® Roundup Ready® Alfalfa seed is available for sale and distribution by authorized Seed Companies or their dealers for use in the United States only. This seed may not be planted outside of the United States, or for the production of seed, or sprouts. Monsanto Company is a member of Excellence Through Stewardship® (ETS). Monsanto products are commercialized in accordance with ETS Product Launch Stewardship Guidance, and in compliance with Monsanto’s Policy for Commercialization of Biotechnology-Derived Plant Products in Commodity Crops. This product has been approved for import into key export markets with functioning regulatory systems. Any crop or material produced from this product can only be exported to, or used, processed or sold in countries where all necessary regulatory approvals have been granted. Do not export Genuity® Roundup Ready® alfalfa seed or crop, including hay or hay products, to China pending import approval. It is a violation of national and international law to move material containing biotech traits across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Growers should talk to their grain handler or product purchaser to confirm their buying position for this product. Excellence Through Stewardship® is a registered trademark of Biotechnology Industry Organization. ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Roundup Ready® crops contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup® brand agricultural herbicides. Roundup® brand agricultural herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. Roundup Ready® and Roundup® are registered trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC. ©2011 Monsanto Company.

©2011 America’s Alfalfa (logo) and Traffic Tested (logo) are registered trademarks. D1974

Conventional Genuity® Roundup Ready®

ASCEND 552Ascend alfalfa is a licensed proprietary variety marketed as Ascend 552 by Kussmaul Seeds.Key Features: A very high yielding fall dormancy 5 variety with persistence equal to Vernal.Genetic Background: A variety comprised of elite yield trial plants from Pennsylvania crossed onto elite dormancy four plants selected for high forage quality.Field Appearance at Bud Stage: Plants are tall with an upright growth habit. Medium, dark green foliage. Multifoliate Leaf Expression: 68%Fall Dormancy: 5.0 Winter Hardiness Rating: 2.22Pest Package: Anthracnose - HR; Aphanomyces - HR; Bacterial Wilt - HR; Phytophthora Root Rot - HR; Verticillium Wilt - HR; Fusarium Wilt - HRWheel Traffic Performance: An 11% advantage over Ameristand 403T.Management Keys: A variety for growers who aggressively manage their alfalfa crop and want a more uniform yield distribution across each season’s harvest. Best adapted for 4- to 5-cut harvest systems and harvest as haylage and baled. Early maturity to first crop. Recommended for the more productive soils and aggressive management. No known soil or management limitations.

GROWER TIPS

• Top seller in the central and eastern areas• Very stable quality through 4 cuts• Rapid regrowth favors silage harvest• Strong regrowth keeps weeds choked out

SUMMITSummit alfalfa is a licensed proprietary variety marketed as a brand by Kussmaul Seeds.Key Features: A fall dormancy variety with superior yield, forage quality and winter hardiness.Genetic Background: A variety developed from crossing elite FD 5 and FD 4 yield trial and nursery plants screened for high forage yield, quality and persistence.Field Appearance at Bud Stage: A medium-tall showy variety with a dense canopy. Medium dark green foliage. Multifoliate leaf expression 64%Fall Dormancy Rating: 4.5 Winter Hardiness Rating: 2.0Pest Package: Anthracnose - HR; Aphanomyces Race I - HR; Bacterial Wilt - HR; Phytophthora Root Rot - HR; Verticilium Wilt - HR; Fusarium Wilt - HR; Pea Aphid - RManagement Keys: A variety displaying outstanding yield and quality potential across a wide range of geographies. Ideal for growers looking to maximize tonnage and quality over the entire season. Excellent regrowth allows for aggressive harvest management. Medium-early maturity to one-tenth flower. No known soil or management limitations.

GROWER TIPS

• Use only in top management farming practices

• Fertilize twice a year• Fits 5 and 6 cuts per year situations• Very aggressive regrowth

ALFA

LFA


MARATHON 500Key Features: A new generation selection with Aphanomyces Root Rot Race 2 protection.Fall Dormancy: 4.5Winter Hardiness Rating: 2.6. Rated 35 of 35 on Wisconsin Disease Index scale when including Aphanomyces Root Rot Race 2.Pest Package: Pea Aphid - R, Stem Nematode - RManagement Keys: Forage quality is very high. Excellent product for areas that stay wet longer or have root rot problems. High in crude protein and milk per ton test.

GROWER TIPS

• Use in fields where Aphanomyces Root Rot Race 2 is present

• Produces excellent dairy quality hay• Great choice for heavy, gumbo soils

HAYMAKER II SUPREMESupreme alfalfa is a licensed proprietary variety marketed as Haymaker II Supreme by Kussmaul Seeds.Key Features: A high quality, high yielding variety with persistence and wide area adaptation.Genetic Background: A variety comprised of elite plants selected for forage quality and disease resistance crossed onto yield trial plants for persistence.Field Appearance at Bud Stage: A fine-stemmed, leafy variety that is medium-tall and hides its yield in a dense canopy. Medium to medium-dark green foliage. Multifoliate leaf expression 97%Fall Dormancy Rating: 4.0 Winter Hardiness Rating: 1.9Pest Package: Anthracnose - HR; Aphanomyces - HR; Bacterial Wilt - HR; Phytophthora Root Rot - HR; Verticillium Wilt - HR; Fusarium Wilt - HRManagement Keys: A variety well adapted across fall dormancy 3 and 4 production zones. Well suited for 3- or 4-cut harvest systems and long rotations. Medium maturity to first crop harvest. Rapid recovery after harvest. High stem count per crown provides high yield. Very high forage quality potential. No known soil or management limitations.

GROWER TIPS

• Fine stemmed, leafy dairy quality alfalfa• Slower recover allows for baling or chopping• Fits 3 cut systems very well• Use where longer rotations are desired

LEAFY 430This alfalfa is a product of a selection program designed to change the fall dormancy/winterhardiness relationship, resulting in a new generation product. Key Features: Leafy 430 combines later fall dormancy, excellent winterhardiness, fast recovery after cutting , and excellent forage yield.Fall Dormancy Rating: 4.0Winter hardiness Rating: 1.3. Rated 30 out of 30 on Wisconsin Disease Index scale.Pest Package: Pea Aphids - R, Stem Nematode - RManagement Keys: A high yielding product for the progressive grower who demands more return per acre in both quantity and quality.

GROWER TIPS

• Makes excellent quality baled hay• Fine stems drydown well for multiple

harvest choices• Very, very leafy, enter this variety in

forage bowls

Kow Chow 4A proven high quality alfalfa that dairy producers desire. Now with Apex seed coating.Key Features: Its disease resistance rating of 29/30 allows producers to plant their alfalfa crop under a variety of conditions and soil types. Kow Chow 4 Brand's persistence, quality forage and winter hardiness are desirable traits which dairy producers want. Kow Chow 4 Brand is a long rotation alfalfa with several years of proven performance.Fall Dormancy Rating: 4.0 Winter Hardiness Rating: 2.0Pest Package: Anthracnose - HR; Aphanomyces Race I - R; Bacterial Wilt - HR; Phytophthora Root Rot - HR; Verticilium Wilt - HR; Fusarium Wilt - HR; Pea Aphid - HRManagement Keys: Kow Chow is a great choice for those growers who only take three cuttings per year. Plant Kow Chow on less productive soils, tight clays, rented land or where shorter rotations are desired to decrease input costs. Kow Chow is also a sure bet where longer rotations are desired. Fertilize twice per year for improved tonnage and longer stand life. Makes ideal forage for lactating dairy cows. Fine stems drydown well to aid in better quality baled hay.

GROWER TIPS

• Great choice for dairy producers• Plant under a variety of conditions

and soil types• Plant for long rotation

ALFA

LFA


Hi-Gest® 360 Hi-Gest Alfalfa technology.Key Features: First commercially available Hi-Gest alfalfa Technology variety for dormant producers. Variety Patents Pending. Product of conventional plant breeding. No yield drag, no loss of pest resistance, no reduction in winter hardiness with 28 to 30 day harvest schedulesAppearance at Harvest Maturity: Plants are medium-tall, with a dense canopy of stems and leavesFall Dormancy Rating:3.0 Winter Hardiness Rating: 1.5Multifoliate Leaf Expression: 73% FastGrowth Rating: 1.83Pest Package: Anthracnose - HR; Aphanomyces Race I - HR; Bacterial Wilt - HR; Phytophthora Root Rot - HR; Verticilium Wilt - HR; Fusarium Wilt - HR; Blue Alfalfa Aphid - R; Cowpea Aphid - R; Stem Nematode - RManagement Keys: Adapted to today’s best alfalfa management practices. No on-farm field or management adjustments needed to grow or feed. Hi-Gest 360 alfalfa offers a wider harvest window of up to 7 days if harvest timing is delayed past late bud or one-tenth flower. Rations using Hi-Gest can be easily balanced by nutritionists with the results of an accurate feed test

GROWER TIPS

• Use in dairy rations where reduced lignin is desired

• Plant on highly productive soils and fertilize twice per year

• Begin cutting at early bud stage• If your feed samples of Hi-Gest is too rich,

scale back your cut system to cut at late bud–early bloom stage

NEW

Northern Hardy Brand AlfalfaA blend of good, productive winter hardy alfalfa variety at an economical price. Ideal for shorter rotations, rented ground or marginal soils. Plant into well drained soils with good fertility.Seeding Rate: 15-20 lbs per acrePlanting Depth: 1/8 - 1/4" deepStand Life: 3-5 yearsSoil pH: 6.6-7.2Seeds per lb.: 227,000

Due to the unique cropping practices do not plant Roundup Ready® Alfalfa in Imperial County, California, pending import approvals and until Forage Genetics Interna-tional, LLC (FGI) grants express permission for such planting.

Forage Genetics International, LLC (“FGI”) is a member of Excellence Through Stewardship® (ETS). FGI products are commercialized in accordance with ETS Product Launch Stew-ardship Guidance, and in compliance with FGI’s Policy for Commercialization of Biotechnology-Derived Plant Products in Commodity Crops. Roundup Ready® Alfalfa has pending import approvals. Any crop or material produced from this product can only be exported to, or used, processed or sold in countries where all necessary regulatory approvals have been granted. It is a violation of national and international law to move material containing biotech traits across boundaries into nations where import is not permitted. Growers should talk to their grain handler or product purchaser to confirm their buying position for this product. Growers should refer to http://www.biotradestatus.com/ for any updated information on import country approvals. Excellence Through Stewardship® is a registered trademark of Excellence Through Stewardship.

ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Roundup Ready® crops contain genes that confer tolerance to glyphosate. Glyphosate herbicides will kill crops that are not tolerant to glyphosate. Roundup Ready® is registered trademarks of Bayer Group, used under license by Forage Genetics International, LLC.

During a break on a building project, the construction foreman Sven approached Ole, a fellow worker. "I hear da boys are going on strike." He told Ole. "What fer?" asked Ole. "Shorter vorking hours," answered Sven."Good fur dem," replied ole. "I always did tink 60 minutes vas too long fur a hour."

More Information on Alfalfa Properly Sample Hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Alfalfa Stand Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

200-RFQ Alfalfa Silage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

To Coat or Not to Coat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-69

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TREATMENTS - CornCorn Treatments - applied at the seed plant

Standard Treatment - Seed without Rootworm Traits

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CruiserMaxx Corn 250: A New Level of Early-Season Insect and Disease Protection

Producing a high-yielding corn crop isn’t easy. Each season corn growers face many tough decisions that could mean the difference between a record-breaking harvest and a disappointing season with a not-so-profitable outcome. Because no one can predict Mother Nature, growers who want to maximize the potential of each seed planted know the importance of protecting their investment against yield-damaging pests from the moment each seed hits the ground.

Since 2003 seed companies that want to offer growers the most advanced early-season insect and disease protection on the market have trusted Cruiser Extreme® 250 insecticide/fungicide seed treatment. Now, Syngenta Seedcare is offering even more pest protection with its latest innovative combination of separately

registered products, CruiserMaxx® Corn 250 insecticide/fungicide. CruiserMaxx Corn 250 pairs Cruiser® insecticide with Maxim® Quattro seed treatment fungicide, which contains the market-leading fungicides fludioxonil (Maxim XL), mefenoxam (Apron XL®) and azoxystrobin (Dynasty®), plus thiabendazole, an active ingredient never before registered for seed treatment that provides best-in-class protection against yield-limiting pathogens.

AdvAnced combinAtion

CruiserMaxx Corn 250 offers all the benefits of Cruiser Extreme 250, plus enhanced disease protection against Fusarium – specifically Fusarium verticillioides – and seed-borne diseases. Cruiser, the insecticide component in CruiserMaxx Corn 250, offers proven, comprehensive protection against early-season insects including wireworm, seedcorn maggot, white grub, grape colaspis, corn flea beetle, southern corn leaf beetle, black cutworm and chinch bug.

Thiabenadazole adds a fourth mode of action to the current Syngenta Seedcare corn fungicide portfolio. Thiabendazole reduces infection of a lesser-known, but damaging Fusarium species – Fusarium verticillioides. With the added protection, roots remain unharmed and develop into vigorous, healthy plants.

Thiabendazole complements the Fusarium protection already offered by the active ingredient fludioxonil (Maxim XL), which promotes plant health from the very beginning by delivering proven protection against Fusarium spp., including Fusarium graminearum, one of the most common types of Fusarium.

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or CrusierMaxx® Corn 250 or Acceleron® 250All hybrids (except organic) come treated with Acceleron 250 which includes four types of fungicides or CrusierMaxx® Corn 250.

Standard Treatment - Seed with Rootworm Traits

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941842.indd 1 11/23/10 8:36 AM

or /

6.0”

6.75

”Net Contents:

2.5 Gallons

US79

8556

99F

1

1113

0F 1

2/11

US79855699F (111130) PONCHO/VOTiVO 2.5 GALLON ETL - CMYK

12/6/11

A systemic insecticide and biological seed treatment for use on corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, and sugarbeets for the control of listed insect pests and protection from listed soil plant pathogenic nematodes

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Clothianidin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3%Bacillus firmus I-1582 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1%OTHER INGREDIENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6%

Contains 4 .17 pounds clothianidin per U .S . gallon TOTAL: . . . 100.0%Contains 0 .84 pounds Bacillus firmus per U .S . gallon (contains a minimum of 2 X109 cfu/ml)

EPA Reg. No. 264-1109

Produced for: Bayer CropScience LP

P .O . Box 12014, 2 T .W . Alexander DriveResearch Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

©2011 Bayer CropScience

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENCAUTION

Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que se la explique a usted en detalle .

(If you do not understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in detail .)

FOR ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS: See Inside Booklet.

For PRODUCT USE Information Call 1-866-99BAYER (1-866-992-2937)

For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577

CrusierMaxx® Corn 250 or Acceleron® 250 with Poncho VotivoQuads, Quad VIPs, VT2Pros and SmartStax RIBs come treated with CruiserMaxx® Corn 250 or Acceleron with Poncho Votivo which includes four types of fungicides and an insecticide.

Treatment Product Descriptions

• Treating corn with Acceleron® Seed Applied Solutions is one of the

best ways to provide more complete and consistent protection against seedling and seed diseases, early-season insects and pests.

• High-yielding corn genetics and Genuity trait technologies are protected from the moment they are planted.

• Maximizes early-season plant stand, uniformity and vigor for higher yield potential.

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941842.indd 1 11/23/10 8:36 AM

CruiserMaxx® Corn 250 insecticide/fungicide seed treatment, a combination of separately registered products, offers broad-spectrum protection against early-season insects and seedborne and soilborne diseases.

CruiserMaxx Corn 250 is an on-seed application of Cruiser 5FS insecticide delivered at the 0.25 mg a.i./seed rate and Maxim Quattro fungicide. Cruiser®, CruiserMaxx® and Maxim® are registered trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company.

Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your local extension service to ensure registration status.

6.0”

6.75

”Net Contents:

2.5 Gallons

US79

8556

99F

1

1113

0F 1

2/11

US79855699F (111130) PONCHO/VOTiVO 2.5 GALLON ETL - CMYK

12/6/11

A systemic insecticide and biological seed treatment for use on corn, cotton, sorghum, soybean, and sugarbeets for the control of listed insect pests and protection from listed soil plant pathogenic nematodes

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Clothianidin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.3%Bacillus firmus I-1582 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1%OTHER INGREDIENTS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.6%

Contains 4 .17 pounds clothianidin per U .S . gallon TOTAL: . . . 100.0%Contains 0 .84 pounds Bacillus firmus per U .S . gallon (contains a minimum of 2 X109 cfu/ml)

EPA Reg. No. 264-1109

Produced for: Bayer CropScience LP

P .O . Box 12014, 2 T .W . Alexander DriveResearch Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709

©2011 Bayer CropScience

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENCAUTION

Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que se la explique a usted en detalle .

(If you do not understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in detail .)

FOR ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS: See Inside Booklet.

For PRODUCT USE Information Call 1-866-99BAYER (1-866-992-2937)

For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577

Acceleron Corn Seed Treatment Products paired with Poncho/VOTiVO offer an additional mode of action for nematode management.Protects against damage from a wide range of nematode species, as well as increased protection from early-season insect pests.

Poncho/VOTiVO seed treatment, available on the seed genetics and trait technologies of Genuity corn, helps protect your seed's genetic yield potential from the moment it's planted all the way through the critical stages of early-season development.

Poncho VOTiVO provides enhanced secondary pest control along with a biological mode of action to protect corn seedlings and roots against nematodes.

TREATMENTS- Bird Damage

Scientifically Proven Bird Repellent

In many areas of the country, birds are known to destroy hundreds of acres of field and sweet corn before it even has a chance to emerge. To stop this potentially devastating yield loss, a growing number of farmers have turned to Avipel Shield.

Studies of Avipel conducted by the USDA and other organizations have demonstrated Avipel's efficient protection of planted corn seed and its light environmental footprint.

Avipel Shield is the scientifically formulated seed treatment that stops birds from eating newly planted corn seed. Avipel's liquid and dry applications surround each kernel with a protective coating that causes birds immediate, yet temporary, digestive distress. After attempting to eat newly planted seed, they quickly look elsewhere, leaving your newly planted field unharmed.

Avipel Shield - treats 200 lbs of seed http://www.avipelshield.com/how-it-works/

Ole called Sven and asked him to come to his house to help with a jigsaw puzzle. "Dat ting's a killer, Sven," Ole told him on the phone. "I can't figure out vhere to start."

Sven said, "Vhat's it supposed to be vhen it is done?"

"Vell, said Ole, "according to da box, it's a tiger."

Sven decided to help. Ole let him in and showed him where he had the puzzle spread out all over the table. Sven studied the pieces for a moment, looked at the box, and then said "Ole, I hate to be da one to tell yew dis, but ve're not going to be able to make deez pieces look like a tiger.".

An second, Ole, maybe yew should just relax and have a cup of coffee. Den ve'll put all of deez Frosted Flakes back in da box

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TREATMENTS - SoybeansOption #1CruiserMaxx® Beans plus Optimize®

An insecticide plus two fungicides and an inoculant

Option #2

plus A fungicide and an inoculant

Cut off date for ordering treated soybeans is March 1, 2021

Orders placed after March 1, 2021 will be charged $2.00 per 140,000 seed unit. This fee is to off-set the extra labor required for setting up, treating, cleaning up and replacing bags.

Benefits of using N-TAKE:• It is liquid-based, making it easier for the farmer to apply

• No inoculant dust-off after application means it won’t interfere with seed monitors

• Long on-seed product life reduced the threat of weather delays, so you can order seed with a margin of safety, even when the weather is uncertain

• Compatibility with fungicides (visit us online at www.liphatech.com for details) means soybeans can be planted earlier in the season, maximizing yield potential

N-TAKE - liquid, treats 50 unitsN-Dure - Dry, treats 6 unitsN-Dure - Dry, treats 30 units

Treatment Product Descriptions

Containing an insecticide and fungicides, CruiserMaxx® Beans seed treatment offers soybeans protection from a wide spectrum of harmful early-season insects and diseases such as Rhizoctonia, early-season Phytophthora, Pythium and Fusarium rot. CruiserMaxx Beans increases plant stand, vigor and health for improved yield potential.

CruiserMaxx Beans is an on-seed application of one of the following: CruiserMaxx; CruiserMaxx Advanced; CruiserMaxx Plus; CruiserMaxx and Apron XL; Cruiser 5FS, Maxim XL and Apron XL; or Cruiser 5FS and an ApronMaxx brand fungicide, such as ApronMaxx RTA + Moly. Apron Xl®, Cruiser® and Maxim® 4FS are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company.

Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Some products may not be registered for sale or use in all states or counties. Please check with your local extension service to ensure registration status.

How It WorksOptimize products combine LCO technology with quality inoculants. The LCO molecule enhances the soil microbial environment to support the plant’s nutritional availability, supporting the growth and yield potential of the crop, while the bacterial inoculant grows on plant roots and forms root nodules which convert, or fix, nitrogen from the air into forms the plant can use.

• 42-S Thiram is a liquid fungicide that will usually increase stands and yields by reducing losses from seed decay, damping off, and seedling blights caused by many seed-born and soil-born organisms.

Ordering Custom Soybean Seed Treatments1. 40- Unit Minimum

2. Custom-treated seed cannot be returned or exchanged

3. Seed treatments are eligible for early pay discounts or JDF Financing

4. Once ordered, cannot be cancelled

5. Please contact your dealer for treatment options

6. Please order before March 1. Allow 2 weeks for orders placed after March 1.

7. Late orders may be subject to bag dumping charge.


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ForageDiscover for yourself what more and more growers are learning each year about Kussmaul Seeds Forage Master.

Forage Master is a 50/50 blend of high quality forage field peas mixed with a tall forage triticale.(Triticale is a cross between wheat and rye. Triticale combines the yield potential and grain quality of wheat with the disease and environmental tolerance of rye.)

Dairy farmers have discovered that by planting Kussmaul Seed's Forage Master, underseeded with alfalfa is the best, most economical way to establish a field of new seeding. It can be planted as early in the spring as is possible to work the soil, at about 100-120 lbs per acre, dependent on whether alfalfa is seeded with it. Harvest at about 60 days after seeding, when the triticale is in the boot stage.

Most growers chop their Forage Master, as here in the Midwest, it can be very hard to get the big windrows to dry down enough for dry hay baling. Makes excellent dry cow feed, heifer feed or blend into your milking ration.

The unique thing about establishing a new field of alfalfa using Forage Master as the cover crop is the amount of high quality forage growers harvest. As the peas are growing, they are climbing up the stiff strawed triticale, so there is less lodging. Plus, they are providing large amounts of nitrogen to the young alfalfa plants through nodulation. Not only is this a stabilized form of nitrogen available to the following crop, it is very common to have new alfalfa plants at knee high or higher when the mixture is cut the first time. Many growers will harvest two more crops of alfalfa the seeding year!

Because the peas climb up the triticale and triticale very seldom ever lodges, you can see how this helps new seedling alfalfa plants get off to a rapid start.

Contact your Kussmaul Seeds Rep to order your Forage Master today.

Grass Species Quick Selection Grid

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Smooth Bromegrass E G G F G EOrchardgrass E G E F F GPerennial Ryegrass G E F P G FTimothy F F G P G ETall Fescue E E E E G GAnnual Ryegrass F F P P G PItalian Ryegrass G G F F G P

Forage MasterUsed for Establishing Alfalfa StandsForage Master is a mixture of forage triticale and forage field peas. This combination provides higher protein levels, lower fiber levels and better yield consistency than other spring cereals.

• Blend is Important Inaccurate blend percentages can cause problems in the field. With Forage Master you know the blend is right! Modern conditioning facilities and strict monitoring procedures insure precise mixture percentages.

• Mixture is Complimentary Both triticale and forage peas are cool season crops and perform best when seeded as early as possible in the spring. Triticale is very leafy and stands better than oats, providing a strong understructure for the peas that grow slightly faster. As a legume, peas provide large amounts of nitrogen through heavy nodulation. Consider the value of this stabilized form of N to the companion plant, triticale, and its residual value to the following crop. A unique pre-inoculation procedure insures high levels of bacteria necessary to stimulate adequate nitrogen fixation during the growing season.

• Excellent Nurse Crop Characteristics After quick emergence, triticale and peas develop more slowly than other nurse crops, allowing the underseeding of alfalfa to develop vigorous seedlings. Rapid Forage Master growth in the three weeks prior to a timely harvest result in high Forage Master yields and well established alfalfa crop.

• High Forage Quality High quality forage is a result of leaf density and genetic selection. High leaf density contributes to higher protein levels, higher yields and lower fiber than other cereal crops. Protein levels of 15-20% and excellent palatability qualify Forage Master for use in lactating rations. High levels of sugars and soluble carbohydrates in the leaves and stems result in a sweet taste that explains the excellent palatability of Forage Master.

Seeding Rates:Alone: 120 lbs/acre with a grain drill Broadcast: not recommendedUnder seed alfalfa: 15-18 lbs/acreSeeding Depth:1/2” to 1” deeper seed placement will restrict the tillering intensity of the triticaleSeeding Date:Seed as early as possible in the spring. Forage Master will tolerate cold temperature and snow.Yield:Tonnage will depend on many things such as weather, fertility, and management. Growers have had reported yields of up to 4 tons of dry matter per acre.

Grower Tips

• Use to establish new alfalfa stands

• Beardless triticale assures better feedability

• Provides excellent erosion control versus direct seeding

• For dairy quality, cut in the boot stage

• Can be planted early into cold soils

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Green MixGreen Mix is a Forage Plus oat and Arvica pea mix ideal for heifer and dry cow feed. During the early stages of development, Green Mix grows slowly allowing the alfalfa to get a good start before it must compete with the Green Mix.Green Mix is a late-maturing oat and pea mix reaching forage cutting stage 5-7 days later than typical oat and pea mixes.Forage Plus

• High yielding forage oat developed by the University of Wisconsin – Madison• Very high dry matter yield, acceptable forage quality and relative low crude

protein percentage.• Excellent crown rust resistance

Recommended time to cut is at the late boot stage when the head can be felt in the stem of the oats. Cutting can be a week prior to heading, with a reduced but still competitive dry matter yield.Arvica

• Relatively new proprietary pea variety, Arvica is a forage type pea that is setting a new standard in forage peas.

• Late maturity, high yielding pea varietySeeding rate = 100 lbs per acre Depth – 1.5”Under-seeded Alfalfa Rate = 15-18 lbs per acre Depth = .25”Green Mix works very well as a Fall seeding crop. After winter wheat harvest, plant a Fall seeding of Forage Plus and Arvica Peas (Green Mix). This will provide added tonnage and greater density of feed when compared to Brown Midrib Sorghum.Grower tip – Plant Green Mix for dry cow or heifer feed. Plant Forage Master for milk cows and beef cows nursing calves.

Succotash40% Oats, 30% Spring Wheat, 30% Barley. 3-Species mix improves yield for both hay and grain.

Provides• High protein levels• Better standability• Use for hay or grain• Great hog feed as grain• Good hay quality when cut early for dry cows and heifers

Grain varieties – VNSSold in 50 lb. bags

Seeding Rate: Plant 100 lbs/acre

Grain Sorghum ( Milo)Excellent attractant and food source for deer, game birds, and other wildlife. Great bedding cover. Cool temperatures limit feed grain production for livestock in the Upper Midwest.

Adaptations: Easier to grow than corn and is more drought resistantRequirements: Over planting will cause tall spindly plants with fewer seed heads. Requires nitrogen fertilizer (up to 150 lbs N per Year). Manage potential for prussic acid & nitrate build-upPlanting Date: Mid-May–early July (soil 62°+)Seeding: 5-15 lbs/acre. High end of rate for broadcasting. 1/2-1 1/2" deep. Row plant, drill or broadcast.

• Wild Game Food–Short (26-30") and early maturing with large seed head. Ideal for food plot. Use taller sorghum sudan for screening purposes

• Open Pollinated–varying height, later maturing

Untreated 50 lb. bag, Fungicide Treated 50 lb. bag

Sorghum-SudangrassStandard• Very good dry matter yield potential• Excellent early season vigor and regrowth• Small seeded product with excellent palatability• Dark green plant color with thin stems and upright growth habit• Low water requirement with very good drought tolerance, likes hot weather• Versatile crop usage for excellent hay, green chop, silage and grazingEstablishment:Soil temperature should be at least 60° F. Can be no-tilled into the stubble of winter and spring crops. Do not plant in soils with pH greater than 7.5-8.0. Chlorosis can be a severe problem.Fertilization:Apply 40-80 units of nitrogen/acre at seeding; 50 units of nitrogen/acre after first cutting to reach maximum production.

Planting Range: Mid-May through July (soil temp 60°+)

Seeding Rate:Dryland: 10-25 lbs/acre. Seeds per square foot: 4-9Irrigated: 25-60 lbs/acre. Seeds per square foot: 9-22Seeding Depth:Planting depth should be 1”Harvest:Harvest 62-70 days after seeding. Protein will decline as harvest is delayed, but energy will increase upon heading due to continued sugar production. The potential for prussic acid and nitrate build-up must be managed. Larger stems make drying for hay difficult.

SudangrassHybrid Sudangrass

• High yielding, fine stems for reliable summer forage• 13% more forage and over 1.2 tons/acre than Piper• Profuse tillering with rapid recovery after harvest• Very high digestibility; big beef gains and more milk per acre• Well adapted to humid, temperate climate• Responds very well to fertilizer and irrigation• Harvest at 45-50”

Description: Hybrid sudangrass is a fast-growing annual grass used for forage production. It is finer quality than the sorghum-sudans, but significantly coarser than Japanese millet. It is easier to make for hay than the sorghum-sudans because of its finer stems. Grows 4-7' tall. Yields have ranged from 3-5 tons/acre dry matter. When harvested early (30"), contains high levels of energy and protein. The quality and energy is significantly reduced after heading.Best Use: Best suited for hay, grazing, silage, and green chop. Leave 6-8" of stubble for best re-growth potential. Likes hot weather.Special Needs: The potential for prussic acid and nitrate build-up must be managed Planting Range: Mid-May through August 1st (soil temps 60°+)Seeding Recommendations: Drill or broadcast 1/2"-1 1/2" deep.

Seeding Rate:Drilled: 15-20 lbs/acre Broadcast: 25-30 lbs/acre

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Forage Sorghum (Sudangrass)Forage sorghums are often combined with corn for silage production on lighter soils. The seed is usually mixed with seed corn at the planter box at a rate of 2.5 lbs per acre. The tall plant height (7-9+ feet) has high forage yield potential, especially in drought conditions. • Produces best in hot summer conditions, needs hot summer temperatures to reach

optimum yields• Best suited for well drained, fertile soils• One cut systemPRECAUTIONS need to be taken against prussic acid poisoning when harvested too early after a frost. If harvested after frost and put in silo, bag or bunker, allow two weeks before feeding to lower prussic acid levels in feed.

Establishment: Sterile (no seed head) plant with very good seedling vigor, high stalk sugars, tremendous tillering capacity; only a one cut system.

Fertilization: Apply 60-100 units of nitrogen/acre at seeding to reach maximum production.

Seeding Rate: Seeding Depth:Alone: 20.25 lbs/acre 1”-1.5” deep in wellWith corn: 2.5 lbs/acre prepared, firm seedbed

Soil Types: Well drained, fertile soils; pH 5.8-7.5.

TimothyKaitlyn Brand TimothyKaitlyn Brand Timothy is a blend of very hardy Timothies. It is similar to Comtal in its characteristics and ability to produce high quality forage. Kaitlyn Brand differs from Comtal in maturity.

• Intermediate maturity rate: good for 3-4 cut program• High quality forage• Suited for cooler climates; does not perform well in drought or heat-prone areas• Use for hay, pasture, silage and waterways.• Upright growing plant with new growth from tillers and corms

Establishment: Test soil and apply recommended lime and fertilizer prior to planting. It has a shallow, fibrous root system that does not allow Timothy to compete well. It may be seeded alone or with a legume and/or other grasses.Seeding Rate: Seeding Depth:Drilled: 4-6 lbs/acre 1/4” - 1/2” deep in wellBroadcast: 6-10 lbs/acre prepared, firm seedbedIn Mixtures: 2-3 lbs/acreSoil Types: Best adapted to loam and clay soils; pH 6.0-7.0.

OrchardgrassOrchardgrassOrchardgrass is one of the most versatile and widely planted cool-season perennial grasses in the Midwest and northern Plains. Orchardgrass can be excellent forage quality and can provide large yields. Furthermore, its cold, heat and drought tolerances result in a persistent stand that can last for many years. Orchardgrass varieties are categorized by their maturity, and therefore, can be carefully matched to management practices in pastures, hay fields and mixed alfalfa stands. Orchardgrass is often not as winterhardy as bromegrasses, but it is often more persistent than timothy or perennial ryegrass.

Establishment:Test soil and apply the recommended lime and fertilizer prior to planting. Orchardgrass has a moderately deep root system and is easy to establish. It may be seeded alone or with a legume and/or other grasses. Ideal planting times are early spring and early fall (or late summer).

Soil Types:Orchardgrass can thrive in various soil types with a pH of 5.5-7.5. It can tolerate shade and can withstand some drought conditions, along with periods of excess moisture.

Seeding Rate:Drilled: 15 lbs/acreBroadcast: 20 lbs/acreIn Mixtures: 5-10 lbs/acre

Seeding Depth:1/4” – 1/2” deep, in a well prepared, firm seedbed

Soil Types:Adapted to numerous soil types; pH 5.5-7.5

Destoni Orchardgrass (Medium-Late Maturity)Destoni Orchardgrass is a high-performing blend of two medium- to late-maturing orchardgrass varieties. It has all the excellent qualities of Annie Orchardgrass, except it matures approximately 10 days later. The late maturity is an excellent characteristic for grass stands or mixed alfalfa stands that are not cut until later in the spring. The late maturity feature is also great for pastures or hay fields that include earlier maturing species, such as Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass and/or bromegrass. Mixing species with different maturities lengthens the seasonal harvest window, often providing additional cuts or extended quality grazing times.

Characteristics:• Later maturity benefits quality in later harvest• Excellent choice for mixed alfalfas• Excellent choice for mixed grass or clovers stands• Fast regrowth and excellent yields• Provides same basic climate and disease tolerances as Annie Orchardgrass

Annie Orchardgrass (Early-Medium Maturity)Annie Orchardgrass is a blend of two high-performing varieties with an early-medium maturity (within a few days of the maturity of Potomac orchardgrass) with excellent cold and disease tolerance. The earlier maturity is excellent for pastures or for early harvests, particularly for early pre-bloom alfalfa cuts. With similar maturity dates, Annie Orchardgrass is an excellent choice to mix with red or white clovers. Furthermore, Annie is an excellent choice to mix with other grass species in pastures or hay fields.

Characteristics:• Excellent yields and forage quality• Aids in soil erosion because of persistence• Fast regrowth• Disease resistant• Drought resistant

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Smooth BromegrassBromegrass is a cool season, sod-forming grass that performs well in various soil types. It does not tolerate frequent cutting (more than 2-3 times per season) and recovers slowly, making it an ideal companion for alfalfa, timothy, and tall fescue.Bromegrass spreads by rhizomes (underground stems) and forms an excellent sod.

• Very winterhardy; extremely drought tolerant• Slow to establish, may not be seen until the year after seeding• Adapts to diverse soils• Use for hay, pasture, waterways

Establishment:Test soil and apply recommended lime and fertilizer prior to planting. May be seeded alone or in mixtures with legumes or other grasses. It should not be planted with aggressive grasses, such as rye grass and orchardgrass. Bromegrass needs time to recover after cutting.

Seeding Rate: Seeding Depth:Drilled: 12-15 lbs/acre 1/4” - 1/2” deep in wellBroadcast: 15-20 lbs/acre prepared, firm seedbedIn Mixtures: 4-7 lbs/acre

Soil Types:Adapted to various soil types with a soil pH of 6.0-7.0. Bromegrass can withstand some drought conditions and works well on shallow soils.

RyegrassAnnual Ryegrass A true annual ryegrass that is economical and is used in a quick fix situation.

• It is quick to germ and to establish• It’s uses include forage and or turf applications• When a low cost, quick fix is needed, consider this product

Description: Annual ryegrass establishes very rapidly, giving you higher productivity in the planting season. Annual ryegrass is capable of producing forage yield in a very short period of time. Has good cold tolerance.

Best Use: Best use for single year forage production, or as green manure plow down seeded in the fall.

Planting Range: March- May, August-September.

Best Adaptation: Well adapted to heavier soil types.

Special Needs: Will head out in early to mid-summer. Will winter kill.

Seeding Recommendations: Seed 10-15 lbs/acre to beef up pastures or 30 lbs/acre straight.

Italian Ryegrass Italian Ryegrass, also called annual ryegrass is an annual grass that can act like a biennial or short lived perennial.

• It is a cool season grass that establishes quickly and will produce highly nutritious feed

• It can be used for pastures, hay mixes or as an emergency crop following winter killed alfalfa

• Use Italian Ryegrass when wanting a quick fix with intention of seeing some carry over into next crop season

Description: Referred to as the Italian Stallion of cool season grasses by our friends at the University of Minnesota due to its quick re-growth, very early development in spring and a prolonged growing period in the fall. It will not head out in the seeding year unless you get a hard freeze after seed has germinated. This results in high quality forage production without the low quality stems and seed heads. Considered an annual in the upper Midwest. Recently, it has also been recognized as the perfect rotation crop for plow down or emergency feed.

Best Use: Best suited as a pasture crop seeded at full rate. When seeded at a lower rate it can be used in hay mixtures and as a nurse crop for alfalfa seedlings. Begin grazing at 4-6" and remove animals when the grass is down to 2-3".

Best Adaptations: Produces best on heavier, moisture-holding soils.

Special Needs: Keep off of droughty ground.

Planting Range: March-May, August 1st-15th (for late fall grazing).

Seeding Recommendations: Seed 4-5 lbs/acre as a cover crop or 30-35 lbs/acre straight.

Suggestions: Use instead of small grain as your cover crop over new alfalfa seedlings. Can give you up to 1/2 ton of additional hay in the seeding year over that of a small grain. Seed early spring onto pasture that has been closely grazed the previous fall to improve yield and quality.

Perennial RyegrassPerennial ryegrass is a short-lived, cool-season perennial grass. It is primarily known for its exceptional forage quality (high sugar content) and quick establishment. Perennial ryegrass is also very active in cooler soils. SugarRye Perennial Ryegrass is a high-performing blend of improved, tetraploid perennial ryegrass varieties developed for higher yields, higher sugar content, increased disease resistance and improved winterhardiness. Beef and dairy cattle can perform very well on pastures or hay that contain a large percentage of SugarRye.Characteristics:

• Excellent forage quality (high sugar content)• Fast germination and good yields• Excellent choice for mixed grass or legume stands• Good disease resistance• Persistent for two to three years

Establishment:Test soil and apply the recommended lime and fertilizer prior to planting. It may be seeded alone or with a legume and/or other grasses. Ideal planting times are early spring and early fall (or late summer).

Seeding Rate:Drilled: 25 lbs/acreBroadcast: 30 lbs/acreIn Mixtures: 10-15 lbs/acreSeeding Depth:1/4” – 1/2” deep, in a well prepared, firm seedbedSoil Types:Adapted to numerous soil types; pH 5.5-7.5

Lena phoned her doctor, very upset. "Is it true, " she asked,"dat da medication yew prescribed has to be taken for da rest of my life?"

Yes, I'm afraid so," the doctor told her.

There was a moment of silence before Lena replied, "Vell, I'm vondering den yust how serious is my condition? Because da prescription bottle is marked 'no refill'."

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FescueTall FescueTall Fescue is a long-lived, cool-season perennial grass. Tall fescue is generally accepted to be the most heat- and drought-tolerant of all the cool-season perennial grasses. However, it also shows very good winter hardiness. Older tall fescue varieties, such as Kentucky 31, contain a toxic fungus called endophyte, which is very harmful to livestock. Newer varieties have been developed that do not contain endophyte, such as NutriFescue Tall Fescue, which is a blend of premium endophyte-free forage tall fescue varieties. For mixed grass and legume pastures and hay fields, NutriFescue is an excellent addition to the field because of its stronger performance during the hottest and driest times of the summer.Characteristics:

• Excellent heat and drought tolerance• Good forage quality and excellent yields• Very good cold tolerance• Excellent choice for mixed grass or clover stands

Establishment:Test soil and apply the recommended lime and fertilizer prior to planting. It may be seeded alone or with a legume and/or other grasses. Ideal planting times are early spring and early fall (or late summer).Seeding Rate:Drilled: 25 lbs/acreBroadcast: 30 lbs/acreIn Mixtures: 10-15 lbs/acreSeeding Depth:1/4” – 1/2” deep, in a well prepared, firm seedbedSoil Depths:Best adapted to loam and clay soils, but can thrive in many soil types; pH 5.5-7.5

VNS Cereal RyeRye is a very popular cereal grain for cover crops or forage though winter and early spring. Very aggressive to establish and very winterhardy. Rye is good for soil building and helps suppress winter annual weeds. Rye matures very fast in the spring for forage. Harvest before "boot stage" for best quality. Forage Yield is typically between 11/2 to 2 ton DM/acres. 50 lb. bags. Seed at 150 lbs/acre.

TriticaleTriticale is a cool season crop and performs best when seeded as early as possible in the spring. Triticale is very leafy and stands better than oats. After quick emergence, triticale develops more slowly than other nurse crops, allowing the under-seeding of alfalfa to develop vigorous seedlings.

Pea MixesSmall grain/pea mixtures provide excellent forage options.

Oats/Peas50/50 mix of good standing oats and forage peas 50 lbs

Seeding Rate: 100 lbs/acre

Field PeasDescription: field peas are planted early, grow tall and leafy, and are tolerant to frost and drought. They can be harvested for silage, pasture, hay, or grain. When grown in mixture with small grains, peas add tremendous quality and increase the protein content in forage. The small grain allows the peas to stand more erect making them easier to harvest.Best Use: Forage (4010/Yellow) or Grain (Yellow)

Best Adaptations: Excellent forage crop or alfalfa cover crop when combined with a small grain. Good protein source when combined for grain.

Special Needs: Avoid wet ground. Likes cool wet weather. Reduce planting rates when using as a cover crop for alfalfa. Use inoculants when planting peas on ground that has not had them.

Planting Range: March to April

Seeding Recommendations: Plant deep and early. Seed 50-75 lbs/acre with 75-100 lbs/acre with small grain for forage or 150-200 lbs/acre alone for grain.

4010 Field Peas• Leafy, speckled field pea• High forage yields• Not intended to be harvested for grain

CloverKalli III Red CloverThree year Red Clover lets you add an extra cutting per year with longer stand persistence than medium Red Clover.

Description: Red clover is one of the most widely-seeded forage legumes in the world. It establishes easily and rapidly. Not as drought-tolerant or winter-hardy as alfalfa. Medium Red Clovers will recover after being cut and Mammoth Red Clover will not.Best Use: Pasture, Haylage, Dry Hay or Cover CropBest Adaptation: Red Clover grows on wet and low pH soils that won't support alfalfa.Management Drawbacks: Difficult to dry as hay. Improved varieties (Cinnamon, Freedom) dry down faster. Can cause livestock to bloat when grazed.Agronomic Situations to Avoid: droughty soils Planting Range: February through May, July 15th - August 30th. Can be frost-seeded.Seeding Recommendations: Drill or broadcast & roll. Plant 1/4" to 1/2" deep.Seeding Rate: Seed 8-12 lbs/acre straight; 2-5 lbs/acre in a mixSuggestions: Red clover should be cut no later than September 1st in the seeding year to allow for overwintering. Graze or cut for hay when the red clover is at 1/4 to 1/2 bloom. Leave at least 2 inches of growth after each harvest.

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Varieties may or may not remain the same as listed. This is dependent upon these varieties all surviving the growing season and passing germination and quality testing. As of this publication going to press, some areas of the west are experiencing dry growing conditions.

Premium Forage FormulasPremium Alfalfa Dairy Mix• 60% Alfalfa• 20% Red Clover• 20% Timothy

60%Alfalfa

20%Red Clover

20%Timothy

Premium Lowland Clover Mix • 60% Red Clover• 25% Timothy• 12% Aslike White Clover• 3% Ladino White Clover

25%Timothy

12%WhiteClover

60%Red Clover

3%Ladino Clover

Grass Warrior Hay and Pasture Mix• 40% Tall Fescue• 30% Orchardgrass• 15% Meadow Fescue

• 15% Intermediate Ryegrass

40%Tall Fescue

15%Intermediate

Ryegrass

30%Orchardgrass

15%Meadow

Fescue

Special Order• Call for Other Mixes

No returns on hay and forage mixes.* Custom blends upon request. Please allow ten days advance notice for any custom blends.

Sven took a trip to Arizona for his health, but, unfortunately he died there. His body was shipped home to North Dakota. "

"Don't he look vunderful!" commented Ole as he viewed Sven in the casket at his funeral.

"Vell, ya, he sure does," said Sven's widow, Olga. "I think dat trip tew Arizona did him a vorld of good!"

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Cover CropHi Fly™Hi Fly is designed for aerial and broadcasting applications. This mix contains fine seeds that are easily established to provide quick ground cover and late season growth. A perfect cocktail consisting of brassicas, legumes and grasses provides biodiversity and shields the soil from erosion.

Broadcast Seeding Rate: 15 lbs/acre

Planting Date: Late summer/early fall

Ingredients:35% Rapeseed30% Annual Ryegrass20% Crimson Clover15% Cover Crop Radish

Ranch Hand™A good Ranch Hand can do it all and that's just what this mix will do. There's been an increase in demand for season-long covers with more diversity. The Ranch Hand is a predominantly warm season mix that is very well suited for grazing. This mix will perform well as a multipurpose blend in the tough conditions of western environments.

Drilled Seeding Rate: 20 lbs/acre

Planting Depth: 1/2"


Planting Date: Late spring-summer

Ingredients:25% Sorghum Sudangrass15% Forage Collards15% Winfred Brassica10% Rapeseed10% Flax10% Sunflowers10% Oats5% Crimson Clover

Nutrient Builder™Nutrient Builder is a very diverse blend developed to improve soil for next year's cash crop. This cover crop cocktail will help fix nitrogen, build organic matter and alleviate compaction. The diversity of seven different species will also help increase the soil's microbial activity. Use Nutrient Builder when an ample growing season allows for full maturity to gain the most from this soil building mix.


Planting Depth: 3/4" - 1"


Planting Date: Mid/late summer

Ingredients30% Cover Crop Radish20% Common Vetch15% Flax15% Crimson Clover10% Oats5% Sunnhemp5% Peas

Premium Graze™Premium Graze is a great blend of grasses and brassicas that provides a high quality palatable diet to livestock late into the season. Winfred Brassica and Graza Radish are certified seeds that excel in consistent and high forage yields. Warm season grass components provide higher levels of dry matter intake for ideal grazing.




Planting Date: Early/mid summer

Ingredients:25% Millet25% Turnip20% Cow Conditioner™ Sorghum Sudangrass20% Winfred Brassica10% Graza Radish

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The Producer™The Producer is our cool season version of Balanced Plus™. This blend achieves a variety of goals such as late-season grazing, nutrient scavenging, and building residue to create organic matter.

Drilled Seeding Rate: 20 lbs/acres


Broadcast Seedling Rate: 25 lbs/acre


Ingredients:25% Purple Top Turnip25% Common Vetch20% Cover Crop Radish15% Flax15% Oats

Balanced Plus™Balanced Plus is our multi-purpose, smart-value blend that will accomplish a wide variety or your goals. This is a great combination of brassicas, grasses and legumes to maximize soil health. Balanced Plus works great to scavenge nutrients, alleviate compaction, and provide even grazing.

Drilled Seeding Rate: 12 lbs/acres



Planting Date: Mid/late summer

Ingredients:30% Turnip25% Common Vetch20% Cover Crop Radish15% Sorghum Sudangrass10% Flax

Classic Trio™Classic Trio is our quick establishing basic brassica blend. The deep tap roots will alleviate compaction, and you will create a mellow seed bed to plant back into.





Ingredients:40% Cover Crop Radish30% Rapeseed30% Purple Top Turnip

More Information on ForageKey Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Sorghum the Best Kept Secret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64-65

Common Forage Grasses Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Warm Season Annual Forage Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Cool Season Annual Forage Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Winter Annual Forage Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Common Forage Broadleaves and Legumes Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

What is Standing Hay Worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68


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Wisconsin Certified Seed OatsShelby 427 • Mid-season, high yielding oats released in 2010• Has high yield potential• High groat percentage• High test weights• Medium-tall with good lodging resistance• Resistant to BYDV and crown rust• Moderate resistance to smut and stem rust• Seed cannot be save for next years seed without a license

Badger• Early season oat developed at the University of Wisconsin and released in 2010• Consistently high grain yields and excellent test weight• Good barley yellow dwarf virus tolerance and very good crown rust resistance• U.S. plant protected variety. Certified seed only

Forage Plus• Released by the University of Wisconsin – Madison in 2001• Tall, very late maturity oat• Exceptionally high forage yields. Forage Plus can be harvested over a longer than

normal time period because it has excellent yields, even with early harvest• Good grain yields, yellow kernels and excellent resistance to crown rust• 2.9 tons per acre• 14.1% Crude Protein• Relative Feed Quality = 123.7• Plant Protected Variety. Certified seed only

Antigo• Has excellent test weights• Highest yields in Wisconsin state trials in 2014, 2016, 2017 tests• Early variety, heading out one day later than Badger• Average plant height is 35-38 inches• Shows good grain quality• High dehulling efficiency, 96%+• Average groat percentage, but high groat protein and oil percentage

Certified and Non-Certified OatsOgle• Medium maturing oat variety developed at the University of Illinois• Tall, very good straw strength• Produces very good grain yields in the absence of leaf rust. Ogle is susceptible to both

leaf rust and smut, but possesses tolerance to red leaf virus. It has slightly below average test weight and grain color is yellow

• Available as Standard or Certified

Plant Characteristics Disease ResistanceBr

and

Cert

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Non-

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Orig

in

Kern

el Co

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Mat

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(Hea

d Da

te)

Heig

ht (I

nche

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% Lo

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g

Test

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Lbs.

Per B

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Kern

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in

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Stem

Rus

t

Sept

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Smut

Barle

y Yel

low

Dw

arf V

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PVP

Shelby 427 Yes No SD White 21-Jun 37 37.0 37.7 Mod/High MS MS MR MR MR Yes

Badger WI Yes No WI Yellow 23-Jun 32 Medium 35.9 Medium R R IR R R Yes

Ogle Yes Yes IL Yellow 26-Jun 36 Weak 35.5 Low IR S S S R No

Forage Plus Yes No WI For chopping only Yes

Antigo Yes No WI Yellow 24-jun 36 Med 36.9 High MR MR IR R MR Yes

SMALL GRAINS - Oats

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Yellow Sweet Corn Varieties FavoritesKandy Korn 73 RM EAR LENGTH 8.8"EAR DIAMETER 1.8"KERNEL ROWS 16-20PLANT HEIGHT 6.5'EAR HEIGHT 20-24"

• Outstanding eating quality• Early uniform stand in cool soils• Broad adaptability across Corn Belt• 3474 seeds/pound

Bodacious 75 RMEAR LENGTH 8"EAR DIAMETER 1.75"KERNEL ROWS 18PLANT HEIGHT 7'EAR HEIGHT 20"

• Exceptionally tender• Homozygous flavor that holds well after harvest• Excellent for home gardens and roadside stands• High ear placement• Resistance to major diseases• 2874 seeds/pound

Incredible 84 RMEAR LENGTH 9.5"EAR DIAMETER 2.0"KERNEL ROWS 18PLANT HEIGHT 8'EAR HEIGHT 30"

• Tall plants, tight husks• Notably good husk protection• Excellent main season• Roadside and fresh market favorite• High ear placement• 3408 seeds/pound

Bi-color Sweet Corn VarietiesAmbrosia 75 RMEAR LENGTH 8"EAR DIAMETER 2.0"KERNEL ROWS 16PLANT HEIGHT 6.5'EAR HEIGHT 20"

• Superb eating quality• Exceptional early vigor• Excellent for gardens and roadside stands• 2618 seeds/pound

Peaches & Cream 83 RMBi-Color

• Home garden variety• Excellent eating• Good tip fill and superior taste • An old time favorite• Girthy ears• Tight husks• 3632 seeds/pound

SWEET CORN

We have many more Sweet Corn varieties to choose from. Call the office for your favorite if it is not listed. 608-988-4568

Jack Pot 82 Day Bi-ColorXtra Tender 274A 74 Day Bi-ColorXtra Tender 2171 71 Day Bi-Color

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Wildlife SeedPerennialsG-FORCESelect New Zealand White Clovers, Ladino Clover, White Dutch Clover, Chicory, Lancelot Plantain, Small Burnett, Trefoil

• Perennial• 3-5 year stand• High Protein• High Nutrition• Very Palatable

Plant April 15-June 1 or Aug. 1-31 (Midwest dates).This exciting 100% perennial blend will outdraw straight clover and clover-chicory blends. It has that extra something to put deer into your plot. Also draws turkeys for the clovers, chicory and insects.Deer are natural browsers, they pick the plants that are the most succulent. G-FORCE uses a wide variety of plants with variable maturity dates, giving deer more to choose from. G-FORCE contains our reliable clovers, plantain and extra chicory with small burnett (a cucumber smell they can't resist) and trefoil.#1 Selling Perennial Blend! Put G-FORCE to work for you this year!

SPORTSMEN AND WOMEN. OUR WILDLIFE SEEDS MAKE GOOD DOOR OPENERS, CHRISTMAS GIFTS AND ARE A GREAT WAY TO SAY THANK YOU TO THOSE FARMERS WHO'S LAND YOU ARE HUNTING.

RAMPAGE CLOVER MIXLadino Clovers, White Clovers, Alsike Clover, White Dutch Clover

• 100% Perennial• 3-5 year stand

Plant April 15-June 1 or Aug. 1-31 (midwest dates).We've taken the best, most reliable clovers and put them in a blend of their own . . . our 100% clover blend! Perfect for frost seeding, over-seeding existing plots, or just establishing a plot of clover on it's own.

MAXI-RACK™ Treestand BlendAslike Clover, Ladino Clover, White Dutch Clover, Chicory, Dwarf Essex Rape

• Perennial• 2-3 year stand• High Protein• High Nutrition• Very Palatable

Plant April 1 - Aug 31 (Midwest dates).MAXI-RACK™ Treestand Blend was developed to use around your treestand and in the woods, trails and those hard-to-get-to places. MAXI-RACK™ Treestand Blend utilizes less expensive seeds that work in lower pH soils. We still recommend Pel-lime and fertilizer for the best performance.

Maxi-Rack Premium Wildlife Seed, helps to attract AND hold wildlife on you property.

AnnualsBALLISTIC™Hunter & Winfred Forage Brassicas, Sugar Beets, Purple Top Turnip, Barkant Forage Turnip, Big Dog Forage Radish, Dwarf Essex Rape, Ethiopian Cabbage

• Annual• High Protein• High Nutrition• Very Palatable

Plant mid-July - August 31 (Midwest dates) A vegetable garden for deer! More palatable plants than most blends. Various maturities and frost dates. Cold tolerant (down to 5 degrees) and will handle dry conditions. The ULTIMATE LATE SEASON FOOD PLOT!BIG leaves, giant bulbs! Yes, you can eat them too!The perfect high protein and nutrition blend to plant for fall grazing. Fast growing, cold and drought tolerant. We recommend planting July - early August (Midwest dates) for fall hunting.Deer will go BALLISTIC for it!

WILD

LIFE


SIRIUS™Big Dog Radish, Dwarf Essex Rape, Purple Top Turnip, Hunter & Winfred Forage Brassicas, Ethiopian Cabbage

• Annual• High Tonnage• Massive Bulbs• Proven Brassicas

Plant mid-July - August 31 (Midwest dates) Featuring PROVEN brassicas, giving the hunter the best of both worlds! Big Dog Radish has high tonnage of both greens and bulbs and an earlier frost date to bring the deer in sooner (also great for your soil). Varying maturity and frost dates of the brassicas in SIRIUS will draw deer through the entire fall season!Draw more deer this FALL!

WE CAN DIRECT SHIP TO THE LANDOWNER OR PERSON WHO WILL BE PLANTING THE SEED. WE WILL ALSO INCLUDE A

THANK YOU CARD FROM YOU TO THE LANDOWNER!

Seeds-By-The-PoundPerennialsPlantainAn exciting addition to your food plot! Rapid establishing, drought tolerant, mineral rich perennial herb (higher in calcium, copper and selenium than chicory) . Highly palatable. Winter dormant. For well-drained soil, no standing water. Good choice for sandy soil.Planted alone, 10 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 2-3 lbs/acre.

ChicoryDeep tap root, very drought tolerant and winter hardy. High protein. Rich in minerals and trace elements.Planted alone, 4-5 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 1-2 lbs/acre.

White Dutch Clover3-5 year clover. Shorter-type grazing clover that persists well in most situations. Planted alone 6 lbs/acre.

Alsike Clover2-3 year clover. Good for lower pH soils. Planted alone 6 lbs/acre.

Small BurnettEvergreen forb. Drought resistant, very winter hardy. Does well in sandy areas. Cucumber aroma.Planted alone 10-20 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds 1-5 lbs/acre.

Annuals

Australian Winter PeasPlanted alone, 50-60 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 10-15 lbs/acre

Purple Top TurnipHigh yield, protein and digestibility. Round, globe type bulbs.Planted alone, 4-5 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 1 lb/acre.

Ethiopian CabbageDrought tolerant, early maturing brassica, can grow 3-5 ft. tall.Planted alone, 5-6 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 1-2 lbs/acre.

Bare Sugar BeetsOnly needs 15-18" of rain per year. Becoming very popular among food plot enthusiasts. Fertilize with a high nitrogen fertilizer in the spring and fall, using 250 lbs/acre. For best results, fertilize every 45 days using 100 lbs/acre of a high nitrogen fertilizer. Can be mowed.If planting for fall attraction, latest planting dates recommended:

• Upper Midwest States, early-August• Central States, early-September• Southern States, early-October

Planted alone, 5-10 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 1-2 lbs/acre. These seeds are "untreated/bare" seeds, not treated with chemical insecticides or fungicides and are not coated. They are treated with DeltAg Seed Coat

Dwarf Essex RapeVery high yield, protein and digestibility. Fast growing. Cold, drought and heat tolerant.Planted alone, 4-6 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 1-2 lbs/acre.

Winfred Forage Brassica(turnip/kale cross)High protein, high nutrition, very palatable. Very cold tolerant. Green to 5 degrees. Planted alone, 4-5 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 1-2 lbs/acre.

Hunter Forage Brassica (turnip/rape cross)High protein, high nutrition, very palatable. Very strong performer. Cold tolerant. Early maturity. Can be grazed down to the ground and has the power to come back strong.Planted alone, 4-5 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 1-2 lbs/acre.

Barkant Forage TurnipFast maturing, very high yield, protein, and digestibility. Tankard type bulbs. Fast growing, cold, drought and heat tolerant. Greater portion of the bulb grows above ground.Planted alone, 4-5 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 1 lb/acre.

BIG DOG™ RadishAnnual. Quick maturing, good for the soil - breaks up compacted soils (hardpan), brings nutrients up to be available for the next crop, huge tankard bulb.Planted alone, 8-12 lbs/acre, mixed with other seeds, 2-4 lb/acre.Plant late summer (6-10 wks before first killing frost). 45-60 day maturity.


AGRONOMICS - CornEstimating Corn Yields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Stand Evaluation, Uniformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Available Traits For Corn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Corn Plant Nutrients Needed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Calculating Yield Adjusted for Moisture . . . . . . . . .62

Estimating Corn Yields Prior to HarvestA numerical constant for kernel weight is figured into the equation in order to calculate grain yield. Since weight per kernel will very depending on hybrid and environment, the yield equation should only be used to estimate relative grain yield. For example, yield will be over estimated in a year with poor grain fill conditions, while it will be underestimated in a year with good grain fill conditions.Step 1 At each estimation site, measure off a length of row equal

to 1/1,000th acre. for 30-inch rows, this equals 17.4 feet.Step 2 Count and record the number of harvestable ears in the

1/1,000th acre.Step 3 On every fifth ear, count the number of complete kernel

rows and the average number of kernels per row. Multiply the number of rows of each ear by the number of kernels per row to calculate the total number of kernels per ear.

Step 4 Calculate the average number of kernels per ear by adding the values for all the sampled ears and dividing by the number of ears.

Step 5 Estimate the yield for each site by multiplying the ear number by the average number of kernels per ear. Divide that number by 90. Yield (bu./A) equals:

(ear #)x(avg. row #)x(avg. kernel #)90

Source: Purdue University Corn & Soybean Field Guide 2008 Edition

Another Yield Estimating Method Sometimes Used1. Count the number of rows2. Count the number of kernels in the length3. Multiply these two together to get total number of kernels on

the ear4. Multiply this number by 300 to get estimated yield per acre

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The Importance of Stand Evaluation and Analyzing Stand UniformityThe prospect of replanting a crop is never pleasant, but sometimes necessary. Yield reduction comes in may forms, so let's look at evaluating your stand and some basic causes of stand losses.

As corn and soybeans emerge, evaluating the stand is important to identify problems that may arise from poor planting conditions, weather issues, insect or disease. Evaluating stands early can help identify problems while there is still time to fix them.Three common methods for taking stand counts are outlined below. The 1/1000th acre method is widely used for corn and wide-row soybeans. More accurate is the wheel method, which counts 150 plants and measures the distance from start to finish with a measuring wheel, or the hoop method, often used for drilled beans.

When evaluating a corn or soybean stand, only count plants with a good chance of survival. Keep in mind that while corn plant populations are a critical component of yield, soybean plants are better able to compensate for low plant populations.

1/1000th Acre MethodCount the number of plants in a row equal to 1/1000th of an acre. Multiply the number of plants by 1,000 to get plants per acre. Repeat the process in several locations in the field.

Row Width Row Length 1/1,000th Acre7 74’ 8”

15 34’ 10”20 26’ 2”22 23’ 9”30 17’ 5”36 14’ 6”38 13’ 1”

Wheel MethodCount 150 plants and measure the distance with a measuring wheel. Divide the number of feet into the appropriate factor in table below to determine plant population. Repeat the process several times through-out the field. Example, if you walked 95 feet while counting 150 plants in 30-inch rows, the population is 2,613,600 ÷ 95 = 27,512 plants per acre.

Row Width (inches) Factor20 3,920,400

30 2,613,600

36 2,178,000

38 2,063,350

Hoop MethodMeasure the diameter of the hoop, toss it in the field, and count the number of plants inside the hoop. Repeat in at least 5 locations in the field. Multiply the number of plants in the hoop by the appropriate factor listed in the table below to get the number of plants per acre.

Diameter of Hoop (inches) Factor18 24,66221 18,11924 13,87227 10,96130 8,87833 7,33736 6,165

Source: Illinois Agronomy Handbook

3WORLD OF CORN

U.S. Select Crop Value($ billion)

Source: USDA WASDE Jan. 10, 2020

CORN

SOYBEANS

WHEAT

SORGHUM

BARLEY

OATS $0.15$0.16

$0.71$0.78$1.19$1.16

$9.73$8.74

$37.55$32.00

$51.48$52.71

2018 Estimate2019 Projections

Corn starch is preferred in many commercial food applications

due to its translucent nature versus flour which is opaque.

Corn starch can be used to create polylactic acid polymers. These

can be processed into sustainable versions of fibers and plastics.

Corn syrup is used as a sweetener, thickening agent

and as a humectant, a water-absorbing ingredient helping

food retain freshness.

Only the starch is used to make ethanol. The remaining nutrients, protein, fiber and oil, known as Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles are used as feed.

*In dry-grind ethanol process.**In wet-mill ethanol process.Gluten feed is 20 percent protein and gluten meal is 60 percent protein.

LBS. OF STARCH31.5

LBS. OF SWEETENER33

LBS. OF PLA FIBER/POLYMER22.4

GALLONS OF FUEL ETHANOL

2.817.5 LBS. OF DDGS*

LBS. OF GLUTEN FEED**13.5LBS. OF GLUTEN MEAL**

2.6

LBS. OF CORN OIL**1.5

ONE BUSHEL OF CORN

can provide one of the following

four:

Components of Yellow Dent Corn

3.8% Corn Oil

15% Moisture

19.2%Protein and Fiber

Source: Corn Chemistry and Technology, 1999Source: Corn Chemistry and Technology, 1999

62%Starch

89.7 81.5

$52.7

13.7

$3.85

MILLION ACRES PLANTED

MILLION ACRES HARVESTED

BILLION CORN CROP VALUE

BILLION BUSHELS PRODUCED

AVERAGE PRICE/BUSHEL

U.S. Corn at a Glance 2019

U.S. All Crop Acres Harvested 2018 – 2019

(1,000 acre)

2018 2019

Corn (grain) 81,276 81,482 Corn (silage) 6,120 6,587 Soybeans 87,594 75,021 Hay 52,839 52,425 Wheat 39,612 37,162 Cotton 10,206 11,805 Sorghum (grain) 5,061 4,675 Sorghum (silage) 264 339 Rice 2,910 2,472 Barley 1,982 2,182 Canola 1,943 1,910 Dry Edible Beans 2,028 1,177 Peanuts 1,374 1,392 Sunflower 1,217 1,245 Dry Edible Peas 808 1,052 Sugar Beets 1,096 979 Potatoes 1,015 942 Oats 865 826 Sugar Cane 900 912 Lentils 718 431 Rye 273 310 Proso Millet 390 465 Flaxseed 198 319 Tobacco 291 227 Safflower 156 153 Mustard Seed 98 90 Peppermint 59 52 Hops 55 57 Other 4,281 5,188

TOTAL 299,244 284,949 Source: USDA, NASS, Crop Production 2019 Summary, Jan. 10, 2020


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ic Information–CO

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Available Traits for CornInsects Controlled (bold)

or suppressed (italics)

BT Protein(s) Event Above ground In soilHerbicide tolerance

Agrisure Trait FamilyAgrisure® CB/LL Cry1Ab BT11 ECB CEW FAW SB --- LL

Agrisure® GT/CB/LL Cry1Ab GA21+BT11 ECB CEW FAW SB --- GT LL

Agrisure® RW mCry3A MIR604 ------- CRW --

Agrisure® GT/RW mCry3A GA21+MIR604 ------ CRW GT

Agrisure® CB/LL/RW Cry1Ab mCry3A BT11+MIR604 ECB CEW FAW SB CRW LL

Agrisure® 3000GT Cry1Ab mCry3A GA21+BT11+MIR604 ECB CEW FAW SB CRW GT LL

Agrisure Artesian® 3011A Cry1Ab mCry3A GA21+BT11+MIR604 ECB CEW FAW SB CRW GT LL

Agrisure Viptera® 3110 Cry1Ab Vip3A GA21+BT11+MIR162 BCW CEW ECB FAW WBC SB --- GT LL

Agrisure Viptera® 3111 Cry1Ab Vip3A mCry3A GA21+BT11+MIR604+ MIR162 BCW CEW ECB FAW WBC SB CRW GT LL

Agrisure® 3122 E-Z Refuge® Cry1Ab Cry1F mCry3A Cry34/35Ab1 Agrisure® 3122 E-Z Refuge®BT11 + TC1507 + MIR604 + DAS 59122-7

BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB CRW GT

Agrisure Viptera® 3220 E-Z Refuge® Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A Agrisure Viptera® 3220 E-Z Refuge®BT11 + TC1507 + MIR162

BCW CEW ECB FAW WBC SB --- GT

Agrisure Duracade® 5122 E-Z Refuge® Cry1Ab Cry1F mCry3A eCry3.1Ab Agrisure Duracade® 5122 E-Z Refuge®BT11 + TC1507 + MIR604 + 5307

BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB CRW GT

Agrisure Duracade® 5222 E-Z Refuge® Cry1Ab Cry1F Vip3A mCry3A eCry3.1Ab Agrisure Duracade® 5222 E-Z Refuge®BT11 + TC1507 + MIR162 + MIR604 + 5307

BCW CEW ECB FAW WBC SB CRW GT

Herculex Trait FamilyHerculex I (HX1) Cry1F TC1507 BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB ---

LL RR2 (most)Herculex RW (HXRW) Cry34/35Ab1 DAS59122-7 ------- CRW

Herculex XTRA (HXX) Cry1F Cry34/35Ab1 BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB CRW

Optimum Trait FamilyOptimum AcreMax (AM-R) Cry1F Cry1Ab BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB --- RR2

Optimum AcreMax1 (AM1) Cry1F Cry34/35Ab1 BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW CRW LL RR2

Optimum AcreMax Rootworm (AMRW-R) Cry34/35Ab1 ------ CRW RR2

Optimum AcreMax Xtra (AMX-R) Cry1F Cry1Ab Cry34/35Ab1 BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB CRW RR2

Optimum AcreMax Xtreme (AMXT-R) Cry1F Cry1Ab mCry3A Cry34/35Ab1 BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB CRW RR2

Optimum Intrasect Cry1F Cry1Ab BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB --- LL RR2

Optimum Intrasect Xtra Cry1F Cry1Ab Cry34/35Ab1 BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB CRW LL RR2

Optimum Intrasect Xtreme Cry1F Cry1Ab mCry3A Cry34/35Ab1 BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB CRW LL RR2

Optimum Intrasect TRIsect Cry1F mCry3A BCW ECB FAW WBC CEW SB CRW LL RR2

Genuity Trait FamilyVT Double PRO® Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 NK603 CEW ECB FAW --- RR2

SmartStax® Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 Cry1F Cry3Bb1 Cry34/35Ab1

MON88017+ MON89034+TC1507+ DAS59122-7

BCW CEW ECB FAW SB WBC CRW LL RR2

VT Double PRO® RIB Complete® (VT2PRIB)

Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 NK603+MON89034+ (Blend of 5% NK603 CEW ECB FAW --- RR2

Genuity® VT Triple PRO® RIB Complete® (GENVT3PRIB)

Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 Cry3Bb1 MON88017+MON89034+ (Blend of 10% NK603)

CEW ECB FAW CRW RR2

SmartStax® RIB Complete® Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 Cry1F Cry3Bb1 Cry34/35Ab1

MON88017+ MON89034+TC1507+ DAS59122-7+ (Blend of 5% NK603/T25)

BCW CEW ECB FAW SB WBC CRW LL RR2

Refuge Advanced Trait FamilyRefuge Advanced Powered by SmartStax Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 Cry1F Cry3Bb1

Cry34/35Ab1BCW CEW ECB FAW SB WBC CRW LL RR2


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ic Information–CO

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Corn Plant Nutrients Needed Average Soils

Soil pH 6.2-6.5125 Bu. Per Acre Actual Nitrogen (“N”) Phosphorus P2O5 Potash K2O 187 Lbs 40-50 Lbs 30-40 Lbs

150 Bu. Per Acre Actual Nitrogen (“N”) Phosphorus P2O5 Potash K2O 225 Lbs 45-55 Lbs 35-45 Lbs

175 Bu. Per Acre Actual Nitrogen (“N”) Phosphorus P2O5 Potash K2O 263 Lbs 50-63 Lbs 40-50 Lbs

Credits should be taken for: Manure Tons Applied Alfalfa % of Stand Residue Stalks Soybeans 60# Nitrogen

Average Per Bu. Corn For 150 Bu. Corn Actual Nitrogen (“N”) Phosphorus P2O5 Potash K2O 1.5 Lbs .33 Lbs 26 Lbs

Calculating yield corrected for moisture

Corn bushel adjusted to 15.5% moisture

Bushel of corn at 15.5% moisture = Total harvested grain weight

(lbs) x (1.0 minus % moisture)

47.32 (lbs of dry matter in a bushel of 15.5% moisture corn

Soybean bushel adjusted to 13.0% moisture

Bushels of soybean at 13.0% moisture = Total harvested grain weight (lbs) x (1.0 minus % moisture)

52.2 (lbs of dry matter in a bushel of 13.0% moisture soybean)

(Acre = 43,560 square feet)

Corn Yield Estimate FormulaEars per 1/1000 of an acre X # of rows (width) X

# of kernels per row (length) X 0.01116 =

Estimated Bushels Per Acre at 15.5%

Conventional Corn Makes Economical Sense With the price of corn at or below cost of production, milk prices continuing to be depressed, and technology fees remaining high, conventional corn may be your most profitable way to go!

There are a lot of non-traited hybrids that have the ability to yield as well as the traited versions, with some even out yielding them. A lot of the younger farmers have no experience with non-technology corn hybrids, but you older farmers know that we can grow corn without Roundup Ready® technology, or LibertyLink® technology, or even corn borer technology. Heck, some corn inbreds can pass on natural corn borer tolerance.

Let’s look at the costs of some of these technologies. Roundup Ready® tolerance costs around $30.00 per acre, Roundup Ready® with corn borer protection, depending on the zone used in, $48.00 per acre, and SmartStax® corn hybrids can be as high as $75.00/acre. These figures were arrived at using 2.3 acres per bag, so depending on your planting population, costs may be different for your farm. Using conventional corn hybrids, you save these costs right off the bat!

We have included in this year’s seed guide, the program that we use here at Kussmaul Seeds for non-traited corn. Our whole spray program costs little more than just the technology fee alone for Roundup Ready® corn! By employing a rotation, we clean fields up well with our Glyphosate soybeans, followed by corn.

Every grower needs to put a pencil to paper and figure out the cheapest, and best option for their operations. Saving on the technology fees goes a long way toward your fertility and herbicide costs. We are not recommending that every one plant 100% conventional corn on 100% of their acres, but we do feel that there are a lot of situations where conventional corn can fit well, and any acres where savings can be found is money in your pocket. Don’t let your chemical rep convince you that you must plant traited seed, there are alternative options available.

We would be happy to assist you with any questions you may have about going back to some conventional corn hybrids; after all, they do make economical sense!

Your Kussmaul Sales Team

8 CORN CONSUMPTION ETHANOL

CO 4/125

ID 1/60

GA 1/120

KY 2/48

PA 1/110

FL 0/8

NC 0/60

VA 1/4

AZ 0/50

MO 6/276IN 12/1278

CA 5/218

OR 2/42

SD 16/1179

MN 18/1308

KS 11/613

TX 3/375

MI 4/338

0H 6/676

IL 13/1887

ND 5/520

TN 2/230

NY 2/165

NE 23/2274

IA 43/4495*

WI 9/648

Ethanol is a powerful force in realizing a reduction in our dependence on crude oil. Thanks to ethanol, plant-based biofuel is the fastest-growing renewable energy technology.

U.S. Ethanol Production Facilities

Source: Renewable Fuels Association, Jan. 2020*Data includes one operating plant with unknown or undisclosed production volumes

The renewable fuel industry provides tremendous job creation for rural America,

directly supporting nearly 86,000 jobs.Renewable Fuels Association

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

321 53

3

566

1,323

5,37

6

5,37

5

5,43

1

5,20

0

5,22

3

5,12

4

4,64

15,00

0

5,01

9

4,59

1

5,60

4

Corn Used for Ethanol and DDG Production

1989 – 2019(million bushels)

Source: USDA, ERS Feed Outlook Jan. 2020 *Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020

Percentage of Biotech Acreage2017 – 2019

Source: USDA, NASS, Acreage Report June 28, 2019

Insect Resistant 2,691Non-Biotech 7,176Herbicide Tolerant 8,073Stacked Traits 71,760

3%Insect

Resistant8%Non-Biotech

9%HerbicideTolerant

80%Stacked Traits

Total 89,700

Biotech Share of U.S. Corn Acres Planted 2019

(1,000 acres)

Source: USDA, NASS, Acreage Report June 28, 2019

Operating Ethanol BiorefineriesU.S. Total: 190

Nameplate Capacity

U.S. Total: 17,107 (million gallons/year)

Insect Resistant

Herbicide Tolerant

Stacked Traits

All Biotech Hybrids

Year ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19

IL 3 1 1 4 5 4 85 89 88 92 95 93

IN 3 2 2 9 7 9 75 77 76 87 86 87

IA 5 3 4 9 7 7 80 83 81 93 93 92

KS 3 2 1 12 10 12 77 84 82 95 96 95

MI 1 2 3 18 11 11 71 72 75 87 85 89

MN 2 1 2 10 9 8 82 83 80 94 93 90

MO 2 2 2 8 7 7 81 83 82 91 92 91

NE 3 3 3 15 9 8 81 84 85 96 96 96

ND 5 2 3 25 21 15 67 69 78 93 92 96

OH 2 2 2 18 14 11 66 70 76 82 86 89

SD 3 2 3 16 15 12 77 79 79 97 96 94

TX 5 6 6 11 12 9 77 75 80 95 93 95

WI 2 3 3 17 13 14 71 72 72 97 88 89

Other 4 4 3 18 15 13 70 71 75 91 90 91

Total 3 2 3 13 10 9 77 80 80 92 92 92

AGRONOMICS - SilageRuminant Friendly Silage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Sample Silage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63Common Molds in Silage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Ruminant Friendly Silage (RFS)Ruminant Friendly Silage (RFS) hybrids have higher levels of digestible nutrients per acre than dual purpose corns. This translates into more milk and meat per acre!

With normal corn plants, the stalk contributes 17-20% of the plant’s total dry matter weight. Of this dry matter, about 50% of the outer rind is digestible, with about 75% of the inner pith being digestible. With Ruminant Friendly Silage (RFS) hybrids from Kussmaul Seeds, we have been able to decrease the thickness of the outer rind, while increasing the inner pith. The end effect is a stalk that is more digestible for the animal.

These hybrids also produce more leaves than normal grain hybrids. These hybrids have up to five more leaves above the ear, which contributes to more available protein to the rumen stomach. And with the extra leaves, there is more sugar in the plant. RFS hybrids are selected not just for tonnage, but for their ability to produce high grain yields. Kernels will have a softer texture, being 5-7% wetter than conventional hybrids of the same maturity. A higher percent of both stalk, and grain is available for digestion with RFS silage hybrids over conventional grain hybrids.

Key Features:• More tons per acre• Soft kernel texture• Thinner, more digestible stalk rinds• Twice the sugars as dual purpose corns• Plant populations between 24-28,000 seeds per acre

The Value of RFS HybridsThe purpose of RFS hybrids is to supply hybrids that have valuable nutritional characteristics, high yields and give our customers an economic advantage to produce them.

To meet our Slect-Bred criteria, they must have:• A high grain to stalk ratio• Elevated sugar and protein content over dual-purpose corns• Have excellent plant health

We also screen for stalk flexibility, early flowering, slow drydown and soft kernel texture.

Producers are advised to plant RFS hybrids at reduced plant populations. The outer rind of the stalk is all lignin, which is not digestible to the cattle's rumen stomach. By reducing the population, growers get fatter stalks, with more inner pith, which is digestible.

Growers have a longer harvest window with the slower drydown of RFS hybrids. This enables the grower to cut more tons at the most desirable harvest stage. RFS hybrids appear to be higher in moisture than they actually are, so be sure to keep a close eye on them as harvest season approaches.

How to Properly Sample Silage

Sampling During HarvestingCollect three to five handfuls of chopped forage from the middle of a load during unloading, place in a plastic bag, and refrigerate immediately. Follow the same procedure for several loads throughout the day. Combine samples from a single harvested field and mix well. Place the entire sample in a clean plastic bag or other container, and seal tightly. Label each container with your name and address as well as the date, sample number, and forage type. Store the sample in a cool place (do not freeze) until you send it to a laboratory for analysis. Repeat for each field, variety, or hybrid. If filling tower silos or silo tubes, keep a record of where each lot is in the silo or tube. Feeding colored plastic strips through the blower at the end of each lot may help identify the lots later.

Silos with seepage should be resampled upon feeding because loss of soluble compounds due to seepage will increase dry matter, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, and decrease crude protein. Similarly, resample silos at feeding that were filled with forage at less than 50% moisture that may have heated excessively, causing increased acid detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber insoluble nitrogen. Recheck dry matter of silages at feed out. Fiber and protein are not likely to change much during storage, except as mentioned above, but moisture can change significantly.

Ensiled material from a tower siloDo not sample the spoiled material on the top or bottom of the silo; wait until 2 to 3 feet of silage have been removed. Collect a 1 to 2 pound sample from the silo unloader while it is operating. Collect samples from opposite sides of the silo. Combine the samples and mix well. Place the entire sample in a plastic bag and handle as discussed above.

Ensiled material from a bunker siloIf feeding with a TMR (total mixed ration) mixer – Load silage from bunker into TMR mixer and mix well. Take several grab samples to collect a 1 to 2 pound total sample. Place in a plastic bag and handle as discussed above.

If not feeding with a TMR mixer – Collect a 1 to 2 pound total sample from the different vertical layers of the silo face. Grab several handfuls from freshly exposed forage after the day’s feeding has been removed. Do not sample the spoiled material on top of the silo. Combine handfuls and mix well. Place the entire sample in a clean plastic bag or other container, and seal tightly. Store immediately in a cold place until shipping. Label each container as indicated earlier. Place in a plastic bag and handle as discussed above.© American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture® 2001, “How to Properly Sample Silage”, was developed by the American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture (AFBFA), located at 600 Maryland Ave, SW, Suite 1000W, Washington DC 20024. You are permitted to reproduce these articles, in whole or in part, without charge and without changing the text you use, provided that you include a copyright statement or “produced by” statement acknowledging AFBFA as the copyright owner of the material and use the document for non-commercial or internal purposes. For commercial use or translations, please email your request to [email protected].

KU

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ic Information–SILAG

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Common Molds in Silage

Color Family Name Appearance/Occurrence Consequence Toxin

Whit

e

Geotrichum spp. Powdery white, as on the outside of Camembert cheese

Depressed intake No

Rhizopus spp. Appearance similar to mucor None NoByssochlamys nivea Fluffy, powdery white Poor rumen functions, gastric

paralysis, deathPatulin

Mucorales spp. White hyphae, black spores, found in soil and manure

Depressed intake No

Whit

e to B

lue-G

reen

Penicillium urticae Goes from white to powder green when exposed to air(due to sporulation)

Poor rumen function, gastric paralysis, death

Patulin

P. citrinin Found in corn and small grains Kidney damage, poor performance, weight loss

Citrinin

P. roquefortii Deep blue spores, tends to dominate air-tight storage

High level of spores can cause severe respiratory problems

PR toxin Roquefortin

P. verrucosum White hyphal growth with powdery blue-green/grey color when spores form,

found in small-grain silages

Fatty liver syndrome, kidney damage, decreased milk production

Ochratoxin

Red

Fusarium graminearum (Gibberella zeae),

F. sporotrichiodes, F. roseum

Downy white at the beginning, red- to purple-colored after sporulation

Depressed intake, diarrhea, fertility and reproductive issues, reduced milk

production

Zearalenone (Oestrogenic)

DON (vonitoxin)

Monascus rubra Blood red Ruminal troubles Citrinin (rare)F. monliniforme, F. proliferatum

White, fluffy, powdery through to red Inappetence, liver damage Trichothecenes Fumonisins

Yello

w/Gr

een

Aspergillus Fumigatus Found in corn silage and on hay Reduced intake, diarrhea, abortion, pulmonary mycosis due to growth to mycelium from inhaled spores in lung

tissue (farmer's lung)

Unknown toxin

Aspergillus ochraceus White hyphae, bright yellow spores Kidney damage in monogastrics, little effect in ruminants (degraded in

the rumen)

Ochratoxin

A. flavus Hyphal growth not easily visible, powdery green spores, found in drought-

stressed corn, cottonseed and peanuts

Depressed intake, hemorrhaging, poor performance, can be transmitted

through into milk, carcinogenic, the only toxin with an FDA action level

Aflatoxins

Points to Ponder"The farmer is the only man in our economy who buys everything at retail, sells everything at wholesale, and pays the freight both ways."

–John F. Kennedy

AGRONOMICS - AlfalfaProperly Sample Hay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65Alfalfa Stand Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66200-RFQ Alfalfa Silage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67To Coat or Not to Coat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68-69

How to Properly Sample HayUse a good probe – The hay probe should have an internal diameter of 3/8 to 5/8 inch. The cutting edge should be at right angles to the shaft, and kept sharp. Dull probes will not obtain a representative sample. Core samplers that cut through a cross-section of a bale provide the best representation of stems and leaves. Avoid using open augers as they selectively sample leaves.

Sample at random – It is important to select bales at random from throughout the hay “lot” . Avoiding some bales and choosing others based on appearance will bias the sample. For stacked hay, samples should be taken from bales at various heights in the stack.

Take enough core subsamples – Taking at least 20 core samples from a hay lot minimizes sample variation.

Use the proper technique – For rectangular bales of all sizes, insert the hay probe 12 to 18 inches deep at a right angle into the center of the ends of bales. For round bales, the probe should be inserted at right angles to the outside circumference of the bales.

Handle samples correctly – Combine core samples from a given lot into a single sample and store in a sealed plastic freezer bag. Samples should be protected from heat or direct sun, and promptly sent to a laboratory for analysis. The sample should weigh approximately 1⁄2 to 3⁄4 pound. With larger samples, many labs will not grind the entire sample. Too small a sample will not adequately represent the hay lot.

Split samples correctly – To test the performance of a particular laboratory (or the sampling technique), a fully ground and thoroughly mixed sample should be split and submitted. Unground samples should not be split.© American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture® 2001,; “How to Properly Sample Hay” was developed by the American Farm Bureau Foundation for Agriculture (AFBFA), located at 600 Maryland Ave, SW, Suite 1000W, Washington DC 20024. You are permitted to reproduce these articles, in whole or in part, without charge and without changing the text you use, provided that you include a copyright statement or “produced by” statement acknowledging AFBFA as the copyright owner of the material and use the document for non-commercial or internal purposes. For commercial use or translations, please email your request to [email protected].


KU

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ic Information–ALFALFA

7CORN CONSUMPTION FOOD + FEED

Sweetener Usage 1989 – 2019(million bushels)

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

219

193 22

9

238

355

371

350

257

272 294

292

308

302 37

0

337


Cereal and Food 1989 – 2019(million bushels)

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

120 15

0 185

189 20

9

206

213

194

197

203

199

201

201

205

203


Starch Usage 1989 – 2019(million bushels)

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

219 230 25

3 282

230

235

22025

0

258

254

249

251

247

236

238


High-Fructose Corn Syrup Usage 1989 – 2019(million bushels)

368 45

8 551

525

441

459

43051

2

521

512

491

478

479

465

472

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89Source: USDA, ERS Feed Outlook Jan. 2020 *Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘04‘99‘94‘89

129

100 13

0

133 15

0

149

134 15

1

135

137 140

142

142

146

143

Beverages and Manufacturing Alcohol 1989 – 2019(million bushels)


U.S. Corn Fed by Region 2009 – 2019(million bushels)

Source: ProExporter Network, Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020 *projections

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09

NON-CORNBELT

CORNBELT

Corn Fed by Species 2006 – 2019(million bushels)

Source: ProExporter Network, Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020 *projections

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘08‘07‘06

POULTRY DAIRY OTHERBEEF PORK

U.S. Meat Exports by Animal Group 1999 – 2019 (thousand metric tons)

Source: PRX; USDA, WAOB World Agriculture Supply and Demand Estimates, Jan. 10, 2020 *Calendar year estimates

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09‘08‘07‘06‘05‘04‘03‘0201‘00‘99

POULTRY BEEFPORK

beef poultry pork dairy

Corn Displaced by DDG/CGF in Domestic Livestock Rations 2009 – 2019(million bushels) 0

300600900

12001500

‘19*‘18‘17‘16‘15‘14‘13‘12‘11‘10‘09

1,218

1,218

1,130

1,114

1,222

1,187

1,055

1,015

1,013 1,2

18

1,130

Source: ProExporter Network, Crop Year Ending Aug. 31, 2020 * projections


KU

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UL – Agronom


An alfalfa stand good enough to keep?Focus on Forages by Dan Undersander,

Now, before the snow accumulates, is a good time to walk alfalfa fields and decide whether they are good enough to keep for next year or should be replaced. Generally, speaking alfalfa stands begin to decline in the Midwest after the second production year. We usually see that yields after the second production year are down about 17% from the previous two years.

Realizing that most input costs are the same regardless of yield, economic analyses suggest that it is not profitable to keep an alfalfa stand that would yield 17% less than optimum. (Would you plant a corn hybrid that yielded 17% less than some other hybrids?)

Some fields will last longer and some decline more rapidly. The best is to evaluate individual fields for stand density and plant health to get an idea of what the field might yield next year.

The evaluation is a simple two-step process:

Step 1. Estimate existing stand condition by stem density and then dig a few plants to determine plant health and likelihood of winter survival.

Estimating stand density is simple: Just visually assess the field for at least 55 stems per square foot. This is generally easy to do now. When alfalfa has been harvested in the fall, you can look at the number of cut ends. Or, if the alfalfa was allowed to regrow, stems are often short and have lost leaves from frost, so individual stems are easy to see.

If you are unsure of what 55 stems per square foot looks like, then you can count 1 or 2 square feet to get a visual image of the required stem density of optimum yield. Some seed companies make square foot measures available to customers. Once you have a visual idea of what stand density is desired, it is easy to check fields to determine their stand density.

Stands with an average stem density of more than 55 stems per square foot are in good shape and have potential for continued high production. As the graph here shows, stands with between 40 and 55 stems per square foot will have reduced yield and are probably in their last year of production. Stands with less than 40 stems per square foot should be replaced or interseeded.

Step 2. Dig a few plants and examine the top 4 to 6 inches of taproot. Healthy roots are colored similar to the inside of a potato. Areas of the taproot with brown or black discoloration are rotted.

EXTRAMidwestMX4 / December 2008

NOW, before the snow accumu-lates, is a good time to walk al-falfa fi elds and decide whether

they are good enough to keep for next year or should be replaced.

Generally, speaking alfalfa stands begin to decline in the Midwest after the

An alfalfa stand good enough to keep?

3. An alfalfa plant that is likely to die this winter.

By DAN UNDERSANDER

Focus on Forages

second production year. We usually see that yields after the second production year are down about 17% from the pre-vious two years.

Realizing that most input costs are the same regardless of yield, economic analyses suggest that it is not profi table to keep an alfalfa stand that would yield 17% less than optimum. (Would you plant a corn hybrid that yielded 17% less than some other hybrids?)

Some fi elds will last longer and some decline more rapidly. The best is to eval-uate individual fi elds for stand density

and plant health to get an idea of what the fi eld might yield next year.

The evaluation is a simple two-step process:

■ Step 1. Estimate existing stand condi-tion by stem density and then dig a few plants to determine plant health and likelihood of winter survival.

Estimating stand density is simple: Just visually assess the fi eld for at least 55 stems per square foot. This is gener-ally easy to do now. When alfalfa has been harvested in the fall, you can look at the number of cut ends. Or, if the alfalfa was allowed to regrow, stems are often short and have lost leaves from frost, so indi-vidual stems are easy to see.

If you are unsure of what 55 stems per square foot looks like, then you can count 1 or 2 square feet to get a visual image of the required stem density of optimum yield. Some seed companies make square foot measures available to customers. Once you have a visual idea of what stand density is desired, it is easy to check fi elds to determine their stand density.

Stands with an average stem density of more than 55 stems per square foot are in good shape and have potential for continued high production. As the graph here shows, stands with between 40 and 55 stems per square foot will have reduced yield and are probably in their last year of production. Stands with less than 40 stems per square foot should be replaced or interseeded.

■ Step 2. Dig a few plants and examine the top 4 to 6 inches of taproot. Healthy roots are colored similar to the inside of a potato. Areas of the taproot with brown or black discoloration are rotted.

All alfalfa plants will get some browning and blackening as they age and all plants will gradually develop some amount of crown rot (black area in the crown). A small amount is tolerable, but as the rot covers more than 50% of the crown diameter, winter survival is reduced and growth the following year is reduced. The pictures show: 1) a healthy plant, 2) a plant that will survive a mild winter and 3) a plant that is likely to die this winter.

If you dig eight or 10 plants, you can quickly get an idea of the stand plant health and, based on the number of plants like picture 1 or 3, can determine if the stand will be the same next year or worse. If you are slightly less than 55 stems per square foot, but the plants are healthy, yield next year will likely be sim-ilar to this year. On the other hand, to the extent plants show crown and root rot like picture 3 or worse, you can expect the stand to decline and yield less next year than this year. Such stands should be targeted for replacement.

A more detailed description of this stand evaluation process with additional pictures is available in a University of Wisconsin Extension publication you can download from learningstore.uwex.edu/pdf/A3620.pdf.

Undersander is a University of Wisconsin Extension and research forage agronomist.

7

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5

4

3

2

1

010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Effect of stem density on alfalfa yield

SOURCE: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

1. A healthy alfalfa plant.

2. An alfalfa plant that will survive a mild winter.

Annu

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(ton

/acr

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Stems per square foot

All alfalfa plants will get some browning and blackening as they age and all plants will gradually develop some amount of crown rot (black area in the crown). A small amount is tolerable, but as the rot covers more than 50% of the crown diameter, winter survival is reduced and growth the following year is reduced.

If you dig eight or 10 plants, you can quickly get an idea of the stand plant health and, based on the number of plants, can determine if the stand will be the same next year or worse. If you are slightly less than 55 stems per square foot, but the plants are healthy, yield next year will likely be similar to this year. On the other hand, to the extent plants show crown and root rot or worse, you can expect the stand to decline and yield less next year than this year. Such stands should be targeted for replacement.

A more detailed description of this stand evaluation process with pictures is available in a University of Wisconsin Extension publication you can download from learningstore.uwex. edu/pdf/A3620.pdf.

Undersander is a University of Wisconsin Extension and research forage agronomist.

Source: Midwest Extra, December 2008

Alfalfa Hay Test GuidelinesSupreme

TDN (90% DM) 55.9 and up

RFV (100% DM) 185 and up

CP (100% DM) 22 and up

PremiumTDN (90% DM) 54.5-55.9

RFV (100% DM) 170-185

CP (100% DM) 20-22

GoodTDN (90% DM) 52.5-54.5

RFV (100% DM) 150-170

CP (100% DM) 18-20

FairTDN (90% DM) 50.5-52.5

RFV (100% DM) 130-150

CP (100% DM) 16-18

LowTDN (90% DM) Below 50.5

RFV (100% DM) Below 130

CP (100% DM) Below 16


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200-RFQ alfalfa silage: Relative to what?

Pat Hoffman, Vita PlusPosted on July 24th, 2018 in Forage FoundationsBy Pat Hoffman, Vita Plus dairy technical specialist

The chopper is in the shed, the new alfalfa silage has fermented for a month and the first sample results come back from the forage testing laboratory. Holy cow! The relative forage quality (RFQ) is greater than 200. Suddenly, with this kind of quality feed, expectations rise because, ideally, milk production should increase, feed cost should go down, and extra out-of-pocket feed cost spent on byproduct feeds should be reduced.

These expectations are typically associated with improving forage quality, but let’s slow down for a minute and ask ourselves, “What does this 200-plus RFQ really mean?”

RFQ is an indexLet’s start with the first word: relative. Relative to what? The word relative in RFQ, or the older term relative feed value (RFV), means relative to full-bloom alfalfa. In the early 1980s, University of Wisconsin- Extension specialists developed the RFV index to help dairy producers purchase hay at hay auctions. They used neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content of alfalfa in a series of short math equations to set the base RFV of full-bloom alfalfa to a value of 100. Why? At the time, the Van Soest fiber analysis methods were new and dairy producers had a hard time figuring out what a lower ADF or NDF value meant, so these nutrients were re-expressed into an index that looked eerily like dollars. As such, anyone could then quickly do the math in their head at a hay auction. For example, a 150-RFV hay might be worth $50 per ton more than full-bloom alfalfa.

So, in its origin, RFV was a simple in-the-ballpark guide to forage value. Then, in the 1990s, UW-Extension specialists converted RFV to RFQ after replacing ADF with NDF digestibility (NDFD) in the index. However, the term “value” (V) was changed to “quality” (Q), and this change in terminology, while understandable, may have set false expectations of the index itself.

Relative to what?Let’s go back to the question, “Relative to what?” and continue with our sample above. We have an alfalfa silage with a 200 RFQ, and this is relative to full-bloom alfalfa with a 100 RFQ. Does

this mean the feeding quality of our 200-RFQ alfalfa silage is two times better than full-bloom alfalfa? Table 1 highlights several nutrient categories to compare full bloom alfalfa and 200-RFQ alfalfa silage. As an extra reference, corn gluten feed is included in the table to compare how “relative” our 200- RFQ alfalfa silage is to corn gluten feed.

In this exercise, it’s obvious why we don’t want to harvest alfalfa at full bloom. Our 200-RFQ forage is superior in crude protein (CP), lower in NDF, and greater in NDFD and energy. But these values are not close or “relative” to the 100-unit increase in the RFQ index. The actual degree of nutrient composition changes between full-bloom alfalfa and 200-RFQ alfalfa silage are all less than the 100-unit change expressed by the RFQ index. As such, RFQ tends to over represent true forage nutrient differences.

In contrast, compare the relative differences in nutrients and RFQ between the 200-RFQ alfalfa silage and corn gluten feed. Corn gluten feed and 200-RFQ alfalfa silage are similar in CP and NDF, but 200- RFQ alfalfa silage is inferior to corn gluten feed in NDFD, energy, and RFQ.

SummaryOur example presents us with a “relative” paradox. If we remove 5 pounds of full-bloom alfalfa silage from a diet and replace it with 5 pounds of 200-RFQ alfalfa silage, we would expect positive results. But if we take 5 pounds of corn gluten feed out of the diet and feed more 200-RFQ forage, we might expect negative results because corn gluten feed is 300 RFQ, if it were indexed as a forage.

So, next time a 200-RFQ forage test comes in, remember, RFQ is only an index comparing that specific forage to feeding or replacing full-bloom alfalfa. Unfortunately, RFQ is not “relative” to other byproducts, grains or nutritional strategies available to alter income over feed cost. Despite its flaws, RFQ remains a simple forage quality vocabulary term, which is very useful to aid quick conversations about forage quality. Managing, harvesting and preserving legume/grass forages to achieve RFQ values greater than 150 is still a good general benchmark for feeding lactating dairy cows.

Table 1

Nutrient Unit Full-bloom alfalfa

200-RFQ alfalfa silage

Corn gluten feed

200-RFQ vs full-bloom

200-RFQ vs. corn gluten feed

Crude protein %DM 14 23.9 21.4 +41% +10%NFD % DM 50 32.8 33.3 -52% -6%NDFD, 30 hours % NDF 39 51.3 79 +23% -53%NEL, 3X Mcals/lb 0.57 0.67 0.84 +15% -25%RFQ Index 100 200 300 +100% -100%

Relative percentage differences in nutrients between 200-RFQ alfalfa silage and full-bloom alfalfa or corn gluten feed.


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To coat or not to coat: That is the question

Cliff Watrin for Progressive Forage Published on 27 February 2019

Coated and uncoated alfalfa seed is prepped for testing at Summit Seed Coatings in Caldwell, Idaho. Photo by Lynn Jaynes.

Debates about uncoated, light-coated (9 percent) and heavy-coated (34 percent) alfalfa seed are common among seed sellers and farmers.

The skeptics argue there is less seed in a bag of coated seed; therefore you get less for your money. They may also claim coated seed requires an increase in seeding rates to get the same stand. But research provides plenty of evidence coated seed offers substantial benefits for an alfalfa crop. Here are five reasons why.

1. Coated seed results in better stands. Critics of coated seed recommend increasing seeding rates because fewer seeds are planted per square foot. They debate the pure live seed (PLS) concept, attempting to illustrate coated seed is worth less per pound. However, farmers need to understand coated seed changes the PLS paradigm. Coated seed has a higher seed-to-seedling success rate than uncoated seed. Therefore, fewer seeds produce a similar stand.

Research by Purdue University showed coated seed produced as many seedlings per square foot as uncoated seed (29.5 and 30, respectively) when 21.8 pounds of alfalfa seed was planted per acre (uncoated = 78 PLS per square foot and coated = 56 PLS per square foot). They also planted at 14.5 pounds per acre (uncoated = 52 PLS per square foot and coated = 38 PLS per square foot) and ended up with similar stand counts for each: 31 and 29 seedlings per square foot, respectively.

2. Coated seed offers better seed-to-soil contact. Larger farms and bigger farm equipment mean a reduced amount of time spent preparing seedbeds, resulting in seed placement that is less than ideal with poor seed-to-soil contact. Coated seed offers better moisture absorption and transfer to the seed for germination. The coating material (often lime) attracts water better than the seed itself. This was verified by lab research where coated seed had about a 12 percent better germination rate than uncoated seed from the same seed lot.

The top row of seed pictured here is uncoated, the middle row is 9 percent coated, and the bottom row is 34 percent coated. Photo courtesy of WinField United.

3. Coated seed provides greater protection against early season pests. To verify, two sets of three seed treatments (uncoated, 9 percent coated and 34 percent coated) were sampled and chemically analyzed for the fungicide active ingredient mefenoxam. In both cases, the rate of fungicide per seed was highest on the 34 percent coated seed and lowest on the uncoated seed. This makes sense, given that dose recommendations for alfalfa are based on weight, not seeds per pound (Figure 1).

4. Alfalfa seedlings from coated seed have more vigor when disease is present. Testing under multi-race Aphanomyces root rot pressure indicated 86 percent more lateral roots and 16 percent longer roots when seeds were treated with the fungicide active ingredient and coated compared with treated seed alone (Figure 2).

Points to Ponder"Watch your actions, they become your habits. Watch your habits, they become your character."

–Vince Lombardi


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The commercial 34 percent-plus coating provided an additional 12 percent increase in Aphanomyces root rot resistance over the standard 34 percent coated when comparing overall root health of the seedlings.

5. Coating helps keep products in close contact with the seed. Experience has shown coating enhances the protective effect of the single fungicide active ingredient and suggests that inoculants, additional fungicides, plant growth regulators and micronutrients are also more effective on coated seeds. As other products are added to the seed treatment, it makes sense to use coating to keep the beneficial products close to the seed.

In the end, arguments against coated seed certainly beg further question and investigation, but there is ample evidence to indicate there are tangible benefits when planting coated seed. Critics focus on the point that there is less seed in a bag of coated seed. This claim suggests there will be fewer established alfalfa plants to support a high-producing stand or that the producer is paying more for fewer seeds.

The research mentioned above proves otherwise. Coated seed increases seed efficiency by turning more seeds into healthy plants. On another point, farmers generally plant more seed than what is needed for a productive stand. Most plant above 15 pounds per acre and some as high as 25 pounds. Do the math: A 15-pound-per-acre seeding rate at 200,000 seeds per pound (34 percent coating) is about 45 seeds per square foot. The goal is to have 15 to 20 established plants by fall of seeding year. Even at 15 pounds per acre, there are more than double the seeds needed to establish a productive stand.

The debate about coated alfalfa seed may continue. Those who objectively consider and evaluate the positive aspects of coated seed will see the benefits of the technology. Today, a higher percentage of coated alfalfa seed is planted than in the past based on seed sales records, which indicates the value is becoming more evident to farmers.

If history is a predictor, coated alfalfa seed will continue to gain acceptance by farmers and in the industry. In the end, choosing elite seed genetics is by far more valuable than the concern over coated or uncoated seed.Any mention of coated seed refers to 34 percent coating unless otherwise stated.

Cliff Watrin is the PNP product development manager at WinField United Seed Treatment.

AGRONOMICS - ForageKey Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69Best-kept secret for feeding cattle . . . . . . . . . . 70-71Common Forage Grass Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Warm Season Annual Forage Guide . . . . . . . . . . . .72Cool Season Annual Forage Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Winter Annual Forage Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Common Forage Broadleaves & Legumes Guide . .73What is Standing Hay Worth? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Key Concepts To Remember• The ultimate measure of forage quality is animal performance.

• Factors having the greatest impact on forage quality are forage species, stage of maturity at harvest, and (if forage is mechanically harvested) harvesting and storage techniques.

• Forage quality varies greatly among and within forage crops, and nutritional needs vary among and within animal classes and species. Knowing forage quality and animal nutritional needs is necessary to formulate rations that result in desired animal performance.

• Leaves are higher in quality than stems; young stems are higher in quality than old stems; and green leaves are higher in quality than dead leaves. In most cases, higher quality is also associated with legumes as compared to grasses; and with cool-season plants as compared to warm-season plants.

• Rain during field drying damages legume hay more than grass hay. Also, the dryer the hay when rain occurs, the greater the damage. However, delayed harvest due to concern about rain probably results in more forage quality loss than does rain damage.

• Fertilizing with nitrogen generally increases the crude protein level of grasses, but fertilization usually has little or no effect on the digestible energy of forage.

• Sensory evaluation of forage provides important information, but laboratory testing is required to formulate rations.

• A laboratory analysis uses only a few grams of material to represent tons of forage. Therefore, sampling technique is extremely important.

• The numbers provided on a forage test report are valuable but not absolute. Reported results vary somewhat due to differences within a hay lot (or other feed material sampled), sampling technique, and laboratory procedures.

• While protein and minerals can limit animal performance, digestible energy is more likely to be the limiting factor from forage.

• The more mature and fibrous (lower in quality) a forage, the longer it takes to be digested and the less an animal will consume.

• Major losses in forage quality often occur due to poor storage and feeding techniques. Producing forage with good nutritive value is not enough; good animal performance results when animals consume forage that is suitably high in nutrients and low in fiber.


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Is sorghum the best-kept secret for feeding cattle right now?Jeff JacksonAlfalfa and Forage SpecialistProgressive Cattleman Published on 24 April 2019

Pictured here is a new forage sorghum hybrid selected by use of genetic markers for superior agronomics, yield and similar fiber digestibility. Photo courtesy of Winfield United.

For farmers looking for cost-effective ways to produce forage in dry environments, sorghum offers some exceptional opportunities.

This year, sorghums may be a great option following winter wheat/cereals, in late-planting areas for silage or sorghum-sudans as an emergency forage in a failed alfalfa stand.

Sorghum is one of the most efficient ways to grow the most dry matter in an annual crop I can think of. The USDA reports more than 6 million acres of sorghum were planted in the U.S. last year. Seventy-five percent of the sorghum crop was grown in Kansas and Texas, where dryland conditions may make it a more suitable alternative to corn.

There are a number of sorghum products available for forage uses and, depending on your end goal and management practices, your forage specialist can help you choose the ones that fit your operation.

Corn or sorghum? Environment mattersUnder ideal conditions, corn will usually out yield sorghum crops. My recommendation: If you’re able to grow a really good silage corn crop, you should. But if you have challenging moisture-stressed ground or a hot climate, you may find corn doesn’t consistently perform well. That’s the sweet spot for sorghums.

Sorghums are very heat- and drought-tolerant. They thrive in less-than-ideal soils, such as steep hillsides or shallow soils where holding enough water to produce a good corn crop is difficult. Sorghum is approximately 30 to 40 percent more water-use efficient than a corn plant. In the hot, dry, moisture-limited environments typical of the West and South, producers can get equal to or better yields from sorghum.

Environment is probably the number one factor to consider when deciding between corn and sorghum. The cost of producing one or the other may also come into play. There could be significant input savings from growing sorghum instead of corn. For example, sorghum seed costs significantly less, basic weed control chemistries that work are inexpensive, and sorghum also requires less fertilization than corn, a further savings.

Nutritional benefits of sorghumsIn a fairly short season, sorghums can quickly convert the heat units and sunlight energy into highly digestible dry matter animals can use. The ability to produce large amounts of forage in a short period of time makes them a great choice for double-cropping or delayed planting situations.

Nutritionally, the protein content and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility of the sorghum and corn silage are similar. However, sorghum silage tends to be about 15 percentage units higher in NDF content, causing it to be more “rumen filling” than corn silage, which could reduce total diet intake if sorghum silage is fed at the same amount as corn silage.

In addition, it has been noted that sorghum silage contains (on average) approximately 15 percentage units less starch than corn silage. This causes sorghum silage to have somewhat less metabolizable energy and rumen-degradable starch than corn silage. This could be an excellent feed source for growing heifers or brood cows. If the additional starch is needed, say for feedlot cattle, supplement the starch difference with starchy ingredients, such as corn, milo, hominy, etc.

Forage sorghum: Single-cut, high-moisture feedTraditionally the term “forage sorghum” has been a catch-all phrase for the different sorghum products used for feed or forage. A true forage sorghum generally has little regrowth potential, making it ideal for single-cut, high-moisture harvest situations such as baleage or silage; a great alternative to corn silage in some environments. Its large, succulent, sweet stalks make good silage, but drydown can be challenging for making hay.

Historically, farmers have planted forage sorghum at high populations to keep stems thin and more digestible for their herds. New products, including both conventional and BMR sorghum varieties, are bred using the latest traits and technology to provide excellent fiber digestibility. Farmers who may be accustomed to planting forage sorghum at 15 pounds per acre will find that, with new products, planting population can be cut to 5 pounds per acre while obtaining the same high-quality feed without sacrifice of yield. Lowering the planting rate on the improved genetics also reduces the risk of lodging and enhances standability.

Sorghum-sudangrass hybrids: Multiple cut, flexible feedAnother option for farmers is a sorghum-sudangrass (SxS) hybrid. As the name implies, this is a breeding cross between forage sorghum and sudangrass, resulting in a plant with relatively smaller stems and more regrowth potential than forage sorghums. The rapid regrowth ability of SxS hybrids makes an ideal product for multiple-cut production systems. These hybrids are typically planted at higher populations than traditional forage sorghum, so there is more flexibility to make dry hay, baleage or graze.

In order to get the most from SxS hybrids, agronomic experts would say the first cutting should come 40 days after planting or when the crop reaches 36 to 40 inches tall, whichever comes first. Adjust cutting height to leave two nodes above the ground to enhance regrowth potentials; this may vary between hybrids, so take time to check.

Whether you plan to make hay or graze, these rules work. After the first cutting, you should be able to graze or cut again every 30 days until the first hard frost. If grazing, you can begin as soon as


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the plant reaches 18 inches tall; remove cattle when at least two nodes are left above the ground to increase regrowth potential.

As a SxS hybrid matures, the rate of growth slows down. If a farmer waits longer than 30 days between cuttings, quality may be compromised. By cutting a SxS hybrid more frequently, you benefit from a higher-quality crop and potential to increase yield over a one-cut SxS system. Adding a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid to your forage plan allows more versatility in harvest method or feeding purpose due to the flexibility of not being tied to one system. In a cow-calf situation where a higher-moisture feed may be needed, SxS products come in handy.

Sudangrass: Excellent regrowth, dry feedSimilar to SxS hybrids, sudangrass hybrids offer excellent regrowth potential and are another option for farmers looking to employ a multicut harvest strategy. These products generally have a finer stem than SxS hybrids, which results in better drying characteristics than other sorghum types. Sudangrass can be grazed, green chopped or cut for hay. Management is similar to SxS hybrids, and the 40-inch/40-day rule for the first cutting still applies to sudangrass hybrids.

All three types of sorghum have the ability to provide a consistent form of digestible fiber and energy. The energy content of sorghums per pound of feed is very high compared to many other forages. They are very efficient at converting sunlight and heat into readily digestible sugars ruminant animals can easily utilize.

Take advantage of new technologySorghum breeders continue to research ways to improve yield and quality for farmers. Most farmers are familiar with BMR sorghum, a natural genetic mutation to produce a plant with lower lignin concentrations. The result is a significant increase in whole-plant digestibility, higher dry matter intake (DMI) and increased feed efficiency. There are extra management considerations with BMR sorghums due to reduction of lignin.

It’s important to watch plant density and late-season harvest because lodging risk increases as stems become thinner and plants grow taller. This drawback has been addressed by breeding for the brachytic trait where plants have a shorter stature and a higher leaf-to-stem ratio due to reduced internode length, reducing the risk of lodging.

Breeders are using marker-assisted selection methods to identify traits for higher-quality and higher-tonnage potential. This method can provide farmers additional product options other than BMR or conventional. This third sorghum trait choice has an improved quality profile compared to conventional products but without some of the extra management requirements that can be present with BMRs.

Work with your local forage specialist to determine which products help meet your production and feeding goals. There are a lot of opportunities to improve profitability potential, and new technology is giving farmers more options for success. end mark

Common Forage Grasses Guide

Species Type

Mono-Culture Seeding Rate

lbs/acre Soil Conditions Best Use YieldWinter

hardnessPersis-tence

AC Saltlander Perennial 12 Saline Soils Hay 3 5 4Annual Ryegrass Annual 25 Fertile Soils Quick Establishment 4 0 5(Garrison) Creeping Foxtail Perennial 5 Saturated Soils Graze/Hay 4 5 3Crested Wheatgrass Perennial 15 Dry Soils Graze/Hay 3 5 5Intermediate Wheatgrass Perennial 15 All soils Hay/Graze 4 5 3Italian Ryegrass Bi Annual 15-25 Fertile Soils Haylage/Graze 5 1 5Forage) Kentucky Bluegrass Perennial 30 Fertile Soils Graze 2 5 5Meadow Brome Perennial 25 All Soils Hay/Graze 4 5 4Meadow Fescue Perennial 25 Fertile Soils Hay/Graze 4 4 4Orchardgrass Perennial 12 Fertile Soils Hay/Graze 5 3 4Perennial Ryegrasss Perennial 30 Fertile Soils Graze/Hay 4 3 4Pubescent Wheatgrass Perennial 10 All Soils Hay/Graze 4 5 3Redtop Perennial 8 Saturated Soils Hay/Graze 2 3 2Reed Canarygrass Perennial 8 Saturated Soils Hay/Graze 5 5 3Smooth Bromegrass Perennial 25 All Soils Hay/Graze 4 5 4Tall Forage Fescue Perennial 25 All Soils Hay/Graze 5 5 5Tall Wheatgrass Perennial 15 Saline, Dry Soils Hay 5 5 2Timothy Perennial 8 Fertile Soils Hay/Graze 3 4 3Festulolium Perennial 25 Fertile Soils Hay/Graze 5 3 5


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Warm Season Annual Forage Guide

Premium Grade Best use

Seeding Rate Per Acre

Seed Depth

Dry Matter Yield Potential

Quality Maturity Features

German Millet

Hay

20-25 lbs 1/2" 2-4 tons/acre Average Early Leafy, reliable hay milletJapanese Millet 20-25 lbs 1/2" 3-5 tons/acre Average Medium a taller millet with great re-growth

persistenceSiberian Millet 20-25 lbs 1/2" 2-4 tons/acre Average Early The fastest maturing hay milletPremium Graze™25% Millet25% Turnip20% Cow Conditioner™20% Winfred Brassica10% Graza Radish

Graze

15 lbs 1/2" 5-10 tons/acre** varies widely

based on grazing management

High Season-long Multi-use, warm season grazing mix

Prussic AcidPrussic acid develops in sorghum plants that are under stress and accumulates in new leaves. To reduce the incidence of prussic acid, do not graze plants until they reach 18 in. in height, do not graze during severe drought, and do not harvest frost damage plants. If conditions are unfavorable and there is a question, plants can be analyzed at a certified lab - if HCN > 500ppm (DM basis) then the plants should not be grazed or fed.

Cool Season Annual Forage Guide

Premium Grade Best use

Seeding Rate Per Acre

Seed Depth

Dry Matter Yield Potential

Quality Maturity Features

Oats

Hay

2..5-3 Bu. (80-100 lbs)

1.5"-2" 3-5 tons/acre Average Medium Easily established, reliable hay source

Spring Triticale 100 lbs 1.5"-2 3-5 tons/acre Average Late A hardy, drought tolerant hay with high yield potential

Forage Barley 2 Bu. (90-100 lbs)

1.5"-2" 2-4 tons/acre High Early Quick maturing, soft palatable hay

Forage Oats

Chop

80 lbs 1.5"-2" 4-6 tons/acre High Late A late maturing oat that offers maximum yields under ideal conditions

Peas/Oat Mix (60/40) 100 lbs 1.5"x2" 4-6 tons/acre High Medium The most popular and economical with good reliability

Pea/Barley Mix (60/40) 100 lbs 1.5"-2" 4-6 tons/acre High Early The peas/barley will have the high-est forage quality

Pea/Triticale Mix (60/40) 100 lbs 1.5"-2" 4-6 tons/acre High Late Triticale offers the most yield and is the latest maturing

Optigraze™ Graze

25 lbs .5" 2-6 tons/acre* *varies widely

based on grazing management

High Season-Long The choice when looking for a year round annual grazing system to rotate through

NitratesThere is a potential for nitrate accumulation in forages that are stressed by drought or other conditions that stunts growth without killing the plant. To lessen the chances of this occurring, a maximum of 75 lb of N/acre should be applied if grazing the crop.


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Winter Annual Forage Guide

Species Best use Features BenefitsSeeding Rate

Per AcreSeeding

Depth

Cereal Rye Haylage Spring GrazingGround Cover

Fastest growthBest winter hardinessQuick germination

Quick cover, quick harvestReliable growthWorks well broadcasted

1-2 bu 1 1/2"

Winter Triticale Hay or Haylage Very TallHardyDeveloped as a forage

High yields of hay or straw Drought and Cold tolerantGood nutritional value

80-100 lbs 1 1/2"

Forage Winter Wheat Hay or Haylage Awnless wheat varietyHigh leaf to stem rationLate maturing

Palatable, soft hayHigh yield, good nutritional valueLong harvest window

80-100 lbs 1 1/2"

Common Forage Broadleaves and Legumes Guide

Species Type

Mono-Culture Seeding Rate

lbs/acre Best Use& QualitiesBloat

Potential YieldWinter

Hardiness Persistence

Aslike Clover P 8 Poorly drained soil B 3 3 3Birdsfoot Trefoil P 6 Grass Mixes, Wet soils N 2 5 5Chicory P 6 Grazing herb N 3 2 4Cicer Milkvetch P 20 Hay and Pasture N 4 5 5Crimson Clover A 12 Quick establishment, Cover Crop B 2 0 1Crownvetch P 15 Soil stabilization, Pasture B 4 5 4Ladio White Clover P 5 Any Soil, Pasture B 3 5 4Mammoth Red Clover A 10 Any Soil, Quick Establishment B 3 1 1Medium Red Clover B 10 Grass Mixes or Monoculture B 3 2 2Plantain P 10 Grazing herb N 4 3 4Sainfoin P 40 Grazing or Haying on dry soils N 5 4 2White Sweet Clover B 12 Diversity, Nitrogen fixation B 5 2 2White Dutch Clover P 5 Easy to establish B 2 4 5Yellow Sweetclover B 12 Diversity, Nitrogen Fixation B 5 2 2

Type - A = Annual, B = Bi Annual, P = PerennialBloat Potential - B = Bloat Potential, N = No Bloat Potential1 = lowest, 5 = Highest

Points to Ponder"When one door closes, another opens; but we often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door that we do not see the one which has opened for us."

–Alexander Graham Bell


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RAGE

What is standing hay worth?Value varies widely; here’s an example of how to price standing hay.

One of the challenges in coming up with a value for standing hay is the lack of daily price information like what is available for grain crops. Another challenge is accounting for the difference in quality and yield. Nonetheless, pricing standing hay is a common question this time of year, so here’s one example when buying or selling standing hay in 2019.

Assume a 4-ton dry matter (DM) yield per acre for the entire year of dairy-quality alfalfa hay ranging from $200 to $250 per ton baled (11 cents to 14 cents per pound DM), with half the value going to the landowner for input costs (land, taxes, seed, lime and fertilizer), and half the value credited to the buyer for harvesting, field loss and weather risk. Standing value for this alfalfa field for the entire season could range from $400 to $700 to acre.

Using a three-cut (40%, 30%, 30%) or four-cut (35%, 25%, 20%, 20%) harvest schedule, the following price range (rounded to the nearest $5) may offer a starting point for buyers and sellers negotiating the purchase or sale of good-quality standing alfalfa in 2019:

3 cuts1st: $175 to $280 per acre2nd: $130 to $210 per acre3rd: $130 to $210 per acre

4 cuts 1st: $155 to $245 per acre2nd: $110 to $175 per acre3rd: $90 to $140 per acre 4th: $90 to $140 per acre

To help buyers and sellers better evaluate their own purchase or sale of standing hay, Greg Blonde, Extension agriculture agent in Waupaca County, Wis., suggests his free mobile app with easy access to current baled hay market information, and calculates standing value per acre for each cutting based on the farmer’s yield and harvest costs. The app is free and can be downloaded on both Android and Apple mobile devices through Google Play or the Apple Store (search for “hay pricing”). A short online YouTube step-by-step tutorial video for running the mobile app is available.

For more information, email [email protected]: University of Wisconsin-Extension, which is solely responsible for the information provided and is wholly owned by the source. Informal Business Media and all its subsidiaries are not responsible for any of the content contained in this information asset.

AGRONOMICS - Soybeans

Soybean Production Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-75Scouting Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Managing seed discounts and financing . . . . . . . 76-77Pounds of Soybeans per Acre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Harvest and Seed Inoculants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Early Season Frost & Low Temperature . . . . . . . . .78

Soybean Production GuidelinesPlanting DateSoybean planting should begin when the soil temperature is 55-60°F at four inches below the soil surface with forecasts for warm weather for the upcoming week. In average years, the optimum planting date is usually between May 10-20th. Planting soybeans before May 10th makes them at far greater risk than corn for frost damage since at emergence the growing point (just above the cotyledons) is exposed; therefore, a frost can kill the plant.

If soybean planting gets delayed, don’t change from adapted varieties to earlier varieties until after June 15th. Soybeans are much more forgiving than corn concerning yield reductions from late planting, generally yield loss is less than 10% until about mid June. Unlike corn, soybeans are a photoperiod sensitive crop. Vegetative growth is determined and flowering is initiated by the length of darkness. Since early planted varieties are triggered to flower by a shorter night period than a fuller season variety, and all late planted soybeans are shorter due to less vegetative growth, too much yield is lost when changing to early varieties before mid-June. Plant corn first, then evaluate for soybean planting.

Planting Population Row WidthGenerally, the typical final stand should be around 150,000 live plants per acre (ex. drop 170,000 seeds/acre if germ is ~90%), increase this by 10% or more in drilled situations. Be sure to plant by seeds per pound and not by pounds per acre, since seed size will vary between varieties and years. Also, vary planting rates to compensate for germination differences between varieties. Soybeans should be planted at a depth of 1 to 1 and 1/2 inches, and never deeper than 2 inches. If late planting becomes a reality, increase plant populations to 200,000 to 225,000 plants per acre, since late-planted soybeans are shorter (less vegetative growth) more plants are needed to maintain the yield level at the normal date. Late planted soybeans typically lodge less, shatter less, have slightly less oil content and slightly higher protein levels.

Soybean yield response to row spacing generally increase with narrow rows, which provide more equidistant spacing between plants. Narrow rows have quicker canopy closure, which conserves water, helps reduce weed seed germination, and allows plants and roots to more efficiently use sunlight, water, and nutrients before competing with each other. Yield response to narrow rows is less pronounced in the low yield environment (greatest response is in the high yield environment).

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Planter Box TreatmentsCool, wet weather patterns; soils with slow drainage; and reduced or no-till practices (result in cooler and wetter soils) may warrant a planter box treatment. Planter box treatments (fungicides) provide protection against water molds (Pythium and Phytophthora) or other soil or seed borne fungi (Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, Phomopsis, and Macrophomina species). Fungicidal treatments will not improve the seed’s germination, but will protect against seed rot, damping off, seedling blights, with some activity on pod, and stem blights caused by these diseases and pathogens. Ongoing studies have indicated 5% up to 14% increase in grain yields (treatment vs. no treatment in no-till), and a 14% up to 30% increase in stand establishment.

Fertilization, Inoculants, and Lime NitrogenSoybeans can obtain up to half of their nitrogen requirement from the air when nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria are present in the soil. Additional nitrogen requirements come from carryover and microbial soil mineralization. Therefore, by maintaining the proper rhizobia environment, nitrogen application is not recommended.

InoculantsSince legumes require different rhizobia it is important to inoculate soybeans where a well-nodulated soybean crop has not been grown for 3 to 5 years depending on the soil type. In soils with more than 90% sand, it is recommended the field be inoculated annually. Additionally, the rhizobia bacteria do not function in soils with a pH below 5.0, and supplemental molybdenum (necessary for nitrogen fixation) should be added to the inoculate for soils with a pH of 5.0 to 6.0, or add lime to boost pH to between 6.0 to 7.0.

LimeLime should be profitable if soil pH is 5.8 or below. The best time to apply lime for all legumes is in the preceding year mixed into the top 6 inches of soil. Liming acid soils enhances microbial activity, which mineralize soil, making nitrogen and phosphorus available to the plant.

PhosphorusGenerally, where soybeans are grown in rotation with corn the soybeans will not need additional fertilization with phosphorus as long as the phosphorus test is about 15 ppm Bray 1 Phosphorus, the goal for optimum soybean production. Yield response to applied phosphorus will probably occur below 12 ppm Bray 1 Phosphorus. Phosphorus, if needed, can be applied broadcastal then incorporated or banded not more than 15 inches apart 4 to 6 inches deep, or as a starter at 1 inch to the side and or slightly below seed depth. Never apply fertilizer in the seed furrow.

PotassiumPotassium soil levels are normally high enough not to justify adding potassium, except on very sandy soils. Take soil tests and fertilize and lime based on a sound soil testing program, don’t forget to consider the micronutrients as well.

Iron ChlorateFinally, some soybeans grown in calcareous soils may become chlorotic because iron is tied up in the soil, use our tolerant varieties and in some cases, applying an iron chelate with the seed at planting may be justified.

Other Insects

Stages of DevelopmentSoybean development is divided into vegetative (V) and reproductive (R) stages, VE is emergence, VC is unfolding of the unifoliate leaves, then the following stages (VI, V2,… Vn) are marked and defined by the uppermost fully developed leaf node. A fully developed leaf node is one that has a leaf with unrolled or unfolded leaflets above it. V3 then, for example, would have four nodes with unfolded leaves, and so on. Each node is an auxiliary bud (auxiliary growing point), so even severe stem and leaf defoliation above the cotyledonary node produces new branches and leaves. One open flower at any node signals the beginning of the reproductive (R) stages.

There are 8 reproductive stages all referring to development on the main stem. R1 (beginning bloom) is one open flower at any node. R2 (full bloom) is an open flower at one of two upper most nodes with a fully developed leaf. This stage marks the beginning of rapid dry matter and nutrient accumulation. R3 (beginning pod) is a pod developing at anyone of four upper most nodes. R4 (full pod) the pod is 3/4 of an inch long developing at anyone of four upper most nodes. R5 (beginning seed) 1/8 inch seed is developing at anyone of four upper most nodes.

Late pod formation (R4.5 to R5.5) is the most critical time for yield loss due to pod abortion. Flowering can no longer be initiated to compensate for losses. Therefore, stress at this time reduces yield, due to a reduction in pods per plant. If irrigation is available, this may be the time it is warranted. R6 (full seed) plants have a pod containing a seed that fills the pod cavity at any one of four upper most nodes. As soybeans develop past R6, any stresses are not as critical, but can reduce the seed size, seeds/pod, and pods per plant. R7 (beginning maturity) is when one normal pod has reached its mature pod color. Stress occurring at R7 or after has no effect on yield. R8 (full maturity) 95% of the pods have reached their mature pod color. Five to ten days of good drying weather will move soybeans to less than 15% moisture and close to harvest.

Soybean Yield Estimate Formulas

Average # of pods per plant X Plants per acre = Pods per acre

Pods per acre X 2.5 beans per pod = Beans per acre

Pods per acre / 2500 beans per pound == Pounds per acre

Pounds per acre / 60 pounds = Estimated bushels per acre

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How Good Is Your Scouting Eye?

By Gene Johnston 7/5/2018

Take a look at the pictures on this page. If the soybean leaf damage wasn’t labeled, could you guess the percentage of total leaf material that has been defoliated by insects and worms?

Those numbers are important, because there’s a point at which pest damage passes the threshold of economic damage. Before that point, treatment may not pay. Beyond the threshold, yield losses ramp up quickly, and it’s time to apply an insecticide treatment.

There’s more at stake than just the economics, says Erin Hodgson, Iowa State University Extension entomologist. Unnecessary treatments can place some beneficial insects, such as pollinators, at

risk. Unneeded insecticide applications can also contribute to resistance development.

John Obermeyer, Purdue University

The question of when plant and leaf defoliation impacts soybean yields has been studied a number of times, says Hodgson. In the 1950s, researchers put the tipping point at about 30% of leaf damage.

Other researchers revisited it in the 1980s and slightly modified the recommendations. Before bloom, 30% defoliation is still a good threshold. After bloom, they determined 20% defoliation is the line for considering treatment.

“Entomologists from Mississippi State studied it again just a few years ago, in 2012,” Hodgson says. “That research said that 30% to 40% defoliation is the threshold in the soybean vegetative stage. Once it gets to reproductive stage (bloom), then 20% defoliation is the line for treatment.

“I’m still pretty comfortable with that as a general rule,” Hodgson points out. “It works pretty well for all defoliator pests. A bite is a bite when it comes to soybean leaf damage – be it a beetle, a caterpillar, or a grasshopper.”

The trick is to train your scouting eye to know when you’re approaching a threshold, Hodgson says. She offers these additional tips.

Study up. Since most people overestimate the percentage of defoliation, you may need to study pictures like those above to improve your skill. You could even carry pictures with you for on-the-spot comparisons. There is also visual help online at various crop Extension sites.

Scout early and often. Hodgson says it’s important that you’re in fields every week looking for damage. At certain points, it should be more often, as you can easily pass a threshold level in a week.

Discount the edges. “I disregard the outside 20 rows,” Hodgson says. “Damage is always worse there because that’s where pests enter a field. It may not represent the entire field. Skip those rows, then zigzag your way through the rest of the field as you scout.”

More Scouting Tips • Sample regularly.• Recognize direct and indirect plant injury.• Estimate defoliation both on whole plants and field-wide.• Use recommended thresholds.• Use labeled rates of pesticides and leave no survivors.• Continue to scout after treatment.

Gene Johnson, (July 5, 2018), “How Good is your Scouting Eye”, Successful Farming

Managing seed discounts and financingJennifer Ifft and Chad Fiechter for Progressive Forage Published on 27 November 2019

Discounts offered by input suppliers offer an opportunity to manage farm costs. Seed pricing can be difficult to evaluate; a producer must weigh early pay discounts, volume discounts and base prices.

Most seed companies offer discounts for early cash purchase beginning as early as September and declining to zero by early winter. Volume discounts are common: Prices are much lower if you limit the number of companies you work with. Financing options are almost always available, with their own schedule of discounts and fees.

Furthermore, companies offer a plethora of additional discounts: early delivery, new customer, growing customer, loyalty, multiyear commitment and other incentives. By comparing discount schedules from several companies, we can make some general observations regarding early pay discounts, volume discounts and financing options. The bottom line is: Lock in seed purchase early, and carefully evaluate different financing options.

In creating a hypothetical discount schedule, we chose five dates and averaged the discount rates of each company. Our base is no volume discount. An average seeding rate of 32,000 seeds per acre is used for the conversion between acres and units of seed corn. We used the threshold of 500 acres (200 units) of corn as our “volume discount.”

Table 1 shows early pay discounts with different volume discounts.

Representative seed discount scheduleOur dates of Sept. 15, Nov. 1, Dec. 15, Feb. 1 and March 15 are representative cutoff points; the Sept. 15 cutoff was the earliest we observed. Early pay discounts decline gradually in the fall but more rapidly in the winter. By mid-March, most companies no

John Obermeyer, Purdue University


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Slonger offer an early pay discount. For farms that buy seed in early fall and have some type of volume discount, even with just these two types of discounts, prices should be nearly 20% lower than the base.

Most seed companies offer financing under a separate discount schedule. Locking in financing early and obtaining a volume discount can lead to discounts from the base price in the range of 15%, which still offers meaningful cost savings. The difference between the early pay cash discount and the early financing discount is the same in each time period – about 5%.

This differential may help cover the costs companies pay to offer financing. Interest costs for seed companies (often prime to prime plus 1%) are comparable to those currently being offered on operating lines from traditional lenders (i.e., Farm Credit and commercial banks). As such, the lower discount on the seed base price is the main difference between seed company financing terms and traditional lenders.

We use the Ohio State University Corn Silage Production Budget from 2018 to determine silage corn costs. Using a seeding rate of 32,000 and a $280-per-bag cost, our per-acre cost is $112. This price is a placeholder where producers can input their own price when determining the magnitude of discounts.

For the sake of simple illustration, our price doesn’t represent the diversity of specialty forage varieties, like BMR, which may have different prices. Figure 1 shows a $20 difference between the no-discount price and the combined early pay cash and volume discounts.

Seed costs under different financing arrangementsWe also compare both early pay and early financing discounts with different financing options.

Figure 1 illustrates a cost advantage for a producer who can utilize the early pay cash discount through cash reserves or traditional lender financing. The difference between the discounted price of the early pay cash discount and the early financing discount is over $5. We assume a simple amortization using a 5.25% interest rate and that, for all financing options, the loaned funds will be carried the entire period and repaid in full on Dec. 15.

Some companies provide promotional financing with preferable rates, which is illustrated by “Early Financing Price – Prime – 2%.” Only promotional financing rates very close to zero would provide a better price than using an operating loan from a traditional lender to lock in the early pay cash discount.

In light of the routine challenges and decisions facing producers, we are only highlighting one simple potential cost minimization opportunity; however, it may be meaningful. If a producer is not concerned about financing, they can still communicate with their loan officer about the potential opportunity surrounding early pay discounts. “Intentionality” is rewarded in the relationship lending norm of the agricultural credit market.

A clear representation of the potential gain of the early pay cash discounts may influence a lender to extend or increase an operating loan to experience the benefits presented. If a producer is aware of potential challenges with procuring financing, it would be advantageous to evaluate early while there is still time to take advantage of company-provided early financing discounts. Some companies may internally “subsidize” their financing programs, which may be advantageous for some producers. Any promotional interest rates should be evaluated in combination with other terms.

Base price and the assortment of other discounts are also important for management decisions. Further, negotiation is possible in nearly any business transaction: The maximum discount may be larger than the 20% price differential for early pay and volume discounts. Incentives such as trips or merchandise may factor into some decisions.

For producers who have trouble “spending money on themselves,” such incentives may be meaningful. Ultimately, by utilizing seed discounts, a producer can reduce costs and help create some financial slack to minimize potential income shocks. Early seed corn procurement can easily lead to a $20-per-acre differential, even without accounting for base price and other discounts.

What is $20 per acre worth or equivalent to?Buying a better forage variety

Genetics for the herd of tomorrow

An army of local high-schoolers for help covering the bunker

The potential savings from careful, early seed purchase is worthwhile. Evaluating financing options by late summer or as soon as possible is advisable. end mark

For more details on our approach, see our Farmdoc Daily series – FarmdocDaily, Seed corn costshow large are the discounts.Chad Fiechter is a Master of Science student in the Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management at Cornell University.

Jennifer Ifft, Assistant Professor, Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University

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Early Season Frost & Low Temperature Damage to Corn and SoybeanBy R.L. (Bob) Nielsen and Ellsworth ChristmasAgronomy Dept., Purdue Univ.West Lafayette, IN 47907-1150Email address: [email protected]

• Lethal cold temperatures are more damaging than “simple” frost.

• Leaf injury or death does not guarantee plant death or yield loss.

• Patience is a virtue when waiting for crops to indicate their recovery.

When contemplating the effects of frost injury to corn and soybean, it is important to recognize that the extent of crop injury depends quite a bit on whether the field experienced lethal cold temperatures or “simple” frost. Lethal cold temperatures for corn and soybean are those at or below 28°F. Our definition of “simple” frost is that which occurs at temperatures warmer than 28°F.

For full publication visit: https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/articles.02/Frost_Freeze-0520.html© 2013 – 2016 , Purdue University, an equal access, equal opportunity university.

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Pounds of Soybean Seeds Per Acre Planting Rate Seeds/Acre 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 80,000 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 24 23 22 22 95,000 41 40 38 37 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 26 110,000 48 46 44 42 41 39 38 37 35 34 33 32 31 31 30 130,000 57 54 52 50 48 46 45 43 42 41 39 38 37 36 35 140,000 61 58 56 54 52 50 48 47 45 44 42 41 40 39 38 150,000 65 63 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 47 45 44 43 42 41 160,000 70 67 64 62 59 57 55 53 52 50 48 47 46 44 43 170,000 74 71 68 65 63 61 59 57 55 53 52 50 49 47 46 180,000 78 75 72 69 67 64 62 60 58 56 55 53 51 50 49 190,000 83 79 76 73 70 68 66 63 61 59 58 56 54 53 51 205,000 89 85 82 79 76 73 71 68 66 64 62 60 59 57 55 220,000 96 92 88 85 81 79 76 73 71 69 67 65 63 61 59

HarvestHarvest soybeans when moisture is between 13 to 15% for maximum weight and to minimize field losses like shatter or lodging. Soybeans drier than 10% are brittle and more likely to split during handling and harvest, plus germinations are likely to be lower. Soybeans can be winter stored at 13%, stored for 1 year at 12%, and at 11% or less for more than 1 year.

In summary, to maximize soybean production:

• Plant adapted varieties at proper seeding rates and at optimum dates.

• Fertilize and inoculate based on sound soil tests and cultural practices.

• Scout, monitor, and control pest (weed, insect, and disease) populations as needed.

• Finally, keep harvest and storage losses to a minimum.

Seed Inoculants

Boosting Yields in Good or Poor Soil ConditionsInoculating soybean seed helps achieve higher yields. This holds true even when inoculants are used in fields with ideal soil conditions. So how does inoculation work?

In short, inoculation boosts yield, because it ensures the early formation of effective nodules and an ample supply of nitrogen for developing plants. By adding large numbers of superior nitrogen-fixing bacteria, known as Rhizobia, to the seedlings’ root zone, you maximize the nitrogen-fixing potential of your crop. Since nitrogen fixation is a process that converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for your plants, the rate of growth is proportional to the amount of fixed nitrogen.

By increasing the amount of nitrogen fixed by your soybean plants, inoculation also eliminates the need to apply commercial nitrogen sources during the growth state—saving you both time and money later on.


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Who We AreKussmaul Seeds roots go back 87 years to 1934, when Rud Kussmaul planted one acre of seed corn to sell to a few neighbors for extra spending money. When Rud found an increasing interest in hybrid seed corn, he asked his brother Al to join him as a salesman. This was the start of Kussmaul Hybrids.

Through the years, as demand and sales increased, Rud focused on production, and Al was on the road as the salesman. In addition to hybrid seed corn, the company sold seed oats and succotash. Farmer dealers were recruited through newspaper ads, fairs, and word of mouth.

By 1981, Kussmaul Hybrids had sales in 13 states and had outgrown their production capacity; the brothers were now in their sixties and none of their family members desired to continue the business, they decided to sell the retail segment of Kussmaul Hybrids, and continue with the farming and production segments. This decision seemed to make more economic sense than to spend millions of dollars constructing a new processing tower and additional warehouse space. Also, with one brother concentrating solely on production and the other on sales it was time to do some estate planning for the future.

In 1983, Al’s daughter married Paul Klinkhammer, who began working for the brothers in their farming and seed production operation. Through the 1980’s, Paul learned about hybrid seed corn production and about sales while selling seed oats to local farmers and retail stores. These same customers kept asking why Kussmaul Hybrids had discontinued seed corn sales and would they be resuming them.

Then 1988 hit us! The drought! In 1988, the company that Kussmaul had been growing seed corn for decided they had better get more of their seed production under irrigation. They ended their contract with Kussmaul. This was Kussmaul’s opportunity to get back into retail again and the birth of Kussmaul Seed Company.

Now with Paul running production and Al continuing with sales, a new sales force was built. Many of our old customers rushed back, some as customers, some as dealers. As sales grew, district and area sales managers were added. Products were also added: alfalfa, soybeans and forage seed. We purchased a large seed production facility previously owned and operated by De Kalb and just 75 miles away from our office and home farms.

Prior to the 2002 purchase, Kussmaul Seed had been using the facility exclusively since 1989 . Not only do we process our own seed, but we also provide drying, shelling, grading, bagging and rebagging for several other seed companies, nationally and internationally.

The Warren seed plant was originally built and operated by DeKalb with continuous upgrades throughout the years. Kussmaul uses sweet corn huskers to remove husks, as they are much more gentle on the seed corn than conventional seed corn huskers. All dryers are equipped with computerized climate controls to monitor temperature and reverse air flow.

Single pass dryers dry and remove moisture all from the bottom up or top down. Reverse flow dryers, like ours, allow us to partially dry the seed from the bottom up, then change air flow, and continue drying from the top down. This concept keeps the bottom from getting over dried, and the top under dried. The facility also has a heated conditioning tower, two separate treating lines, and our own in-house lab.

Our plant manager – John Williston grew up in this plant, as his father was the plant manager there for DeKalb. He and the DeKalb staff taught John everything about seed corn processing.

Now in 2021, our 87th year of growing and providing seed corn to farmers, we still remain an independent, family seed company. We wish to thank all of our customers over the years who helped us get to where we are today, and invite those prospective customers that we have not yet met to join us.

Kussmaul's Production Plant in Warren, IL purchased in 2002.


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LICIES

Business Procedures and Requirements1. All growers who purchase any seed containing traits are required to

have a signed license prior to seed delivery.

2. Growers who plant Corn Borer, Rootworm or stacked combination of Corn Borer and Rootworm technology corn are required to plant a refuge–see kussmaulseeds.com.

3. All dealers must have a signed dealer contract on file with Kussmaul Seed Company.

4. All growers who purchase Roundup® trait seed are encouraged to use Monsanto brand Roundup® herbicide.

5. All seed purchases are due in full by March 15 or 20 days after delivery for seed purchased after March 15. Interest charges will begin when any account is 15 days past due.

6. Kussmaul Seeds office or the district sales managers must be informed of any unplanted seed prior to June 30 of the planting year. Kussmaul Seeds will not accept any seed for return after this date.

7. There are no returns of closeout seed, blends, special orders, seed purchased on a bid type order, opened bags, dirty or torn bags, wet bags or seed purchased in prior years.

8. Kussmaul Seed Co. has established a written policy concerning pricing, replants, payments, returns, and other business practices. This written policy supersedes any statements or promises made by anyone representing Kussmaul Seed Co.

9. Kussmaul Seed Co. will not issue any cash refunds, but will apply any refunds earned toward the next seasons seed purchases.

Kussmaul Seed Replant & Replacement Policy

100% ReplacementKussmaul Seeds will REPLACE 100% CORN or ALFALFA

The product has to be purchased for the seeding year and planted. We will replace 100% of the seed due to problems such as poor germination, poor seedling vigor, emergence or other seed quality related problems. If a field must be replanted, lab test must find that the seed lost vigor or went out of condition. Close out, limited availability and discounted corn are not eligible for replant. To qualify for a 100% replant, the cause of the replant must be traced to a seed quality problem. The customer would still be responsible for any tech fees, breeder royalties or seed treatment charges that are beyond the company’s control.

50% ReplacementKussmaul Seeds will REPLACE 50% of CORN, SOYBEANS or ALFALFA.

The 50% replacement policy covers causes other than seed quality problems. Such as: flooding, hail, spray damage, improperly adjusted planters. Seed will be billed to customer at 50% of the full retail price as listed on the price sheet. The customer would still be responsible for any tech fees, breeder royalties or seed treatment charges that are beyond the company’s control.

Replacement Policy Planting Dates: Soybeans planted before May 1 and Corn planted before April 20 will not apply to replant or be replaced by Kussmaul Seed Co., Mount Hope, WI 53816.

Kussmaul Seeds reserves the right to provide warranted product the following growing year, if product is unavailable for current season. There will be No Cash refunds. Kussmaul Seeds warranties the cost of the product only, not production losses. A Kussmaul representative must inspect any problem field before it is retilled in order to qualify for replacement seed.

Kussmaul Office Mt. Hope, WI. Kussmaul Warehouse Montana.


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LICIES

Terms & Conditions of SalesOnly authorized returns will be accepted by the company, and these returns will be subject to a 10% restocking charge. All returns must be in the original, unopened and resalable bags. All accounts not settled by the due date of March 15, except for prior arranged contracts, will have further legal action taken.

Kussmaul Seeds must be notified of any returns prior to June 30 of the planting year in order to tally up our yearly sales and pay all royalties and breeder fees on seed sold. We will not accept any returns from customers or dealers if they have not contacted the office about any returnable seed by June 30.

All seed ordered from Kussmaul Seeds for 2021 planting is due in full by March 15. Any seed ordered after March 15 is due in full 20 days from date of delivery. Interest charges will begin when any account is 15 days past due or with the breech of any signed contract. Interest will begin accumulating at 15 days past due at the maximum percentage allowed by law. Kussmaul Seed Co. will not issue any cash refunds, but will apply any refunds earned towards the next years seed purchases.

Kussmaul Seed Company’s Position on Farmer-Saved Seed!

Seed containing a patented trait can only be used to plant a single commercial crop from which seed cannot be saved and replanted. Examples of seed containing a patented trait include but are not limited to Genuity® Roundup Ready 2 Yield® soybeans and Roundup Ready 2 Xtend® soybeans. Additional information and limitations on the use of these products are provided in the Monsanto Technology Stewardship Agreement and the Monsanto Technology Use Guide. U.S. patents for Monsanto technologies can be found at the following webpage: http://www.monsantotechnology.com

Resicore® Corn HerbicideAt Kussmaul Seeds, we recommend, and use, Resicore® Corn Herbicide on our research fields, show plots, and for any conventional corn that we plant.

Rate – Resicore at 2.5 quarts per acre, Atrazine at ½-1 lb/acre plus NIS at 1 quart/100 gal or use 1% crop oil concentrate at 1 gal/100 gal. Be sure to follow labels for proper adjuvants.

Cost Per Acre – Resicore at 2.5 quart/acre is about $35.00 per acre. Atrazine®, depending on the brand is relatively cheap, as is the adjuvant.

Why We Use It – Weed control of labeled weeds is guaranteed, and should a follow-up rescue treatment be needed, the manufacturing company will help with the costs of herbicides. We can cover the herbicide cost, plus the application charge cheaper than the technology fee for Roundup Ready® corn, plus it works!

Points to Ponder"Understand that forgiveness does not exonerate the perpetrator, forgiveness liberates the victim. It is a gift you give yourself."

–T.D. Jakes

Check Out the Kussmaul Web StoreHelp us promote the Kussmaul Brand, and we will pay half the cost.

We have set up a program on our new web store where Kussmaul Seeds will pay 50% of the costs on every item that customers or dealers order. Once your order is placed, you will be billed for 50% and Kussmaul Seeds will be billed for the other 50%. No limits on the amount of merchandise ordered.


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Save Money on your Seed! It’s Easy! Choose one or all of these options.

Seed Payment Agreements – Every Customer who orders seed from Kussmaul Seed is required to sign a seed payment agreement. This legal form offers the customer several different payment options as well as payment due dates. It also protects the customer from any price differences.

1. Best Deal - CashDiscounts available. Contact your dealer/DSM for further details.

John Deere Credit

2. Input Financing from John Deere Credit This special program allows customers to delay paying for their seed until after harvest. Input financing is a separate line of credit from John Deere Credit. It does not effect your regular John Deere credit line. Contact either your District Sales Manager or call the Kussmaul Seed Company office for full detail on the various options available.

3. Visa/Master Card/Discover Here is a simple way to finance your seed costs. We accept Visa/Master Card/Discover as a payment option. Call in and ask about this easy option.

4. Bank Letter of Credit For those customers who can't pay for their seed by the due date, or wish to pay in the fall after harvest, but can't get input financing from John Deere Credit, we will accept a signed letter of credit from your bank guaranteeing payment in full to Kussmaul Seeds by July 31, 2021. This is a great option because the customer doesn't really have to take out an operating loan (unless they can’t pay by the due date) and Kussmaul Seeds can show their financial department that payment in full is guaranteed.

Talk to your Kussmaul dealer, or call into the office to get more details on which option is best for your business.

One of Kussmaul Seeds Warehouses, Mt. Hope, WI.

New cleaning and packaging line Updated our corn shelling system Completely rebuilt our corn sheller

New seed treater We have installed a pallet racking system

Facility Updates


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THE PROGRAM APPROACH IN ENLIST® CORN

The Program Approach in Enlist® CornFor Enlist® Corn• Apply a residual herbicide preemergence, such as SureStart® II or Resicore®.• Followed by a postemergence application of an Enlist herbicide – no larger than V8 or 30 inches tall, whichever happens first.

· May spray twice; must be at least 12 days apart.• The recommended program approach in Enlist corn is to apply at least two additional unique modes of action in addition to an

application of an Enlist herbicide.• Recommended rates for Enlist Duo:

· Apply to young, actively growing weeds. · 4.75 pt./A for harder-to-control weed species, including glyphosate-resistant weeds, heavier weed densities and/or weather

conditions make control more difficult.• Recommended rates for Enlist One:

· Apply to young, actively growing weeds. · 2 pt./A for harder-to-control weed species, including glyphosate-resistant weeds, heavier weed densities and/or weather

conditions make control more difficult.• Multiyear field research by Corteva Agriscience has demonstrated that Enlist Duo herbicide provided weed control equal to or

better than other competitive programs.

What This Means For FarmersEnlist corn is:• Exceptional: Enlist corn enables the use of Enlist herbicides for superior control of glyphosate-resistant and hard-to-control weeds.• Enables FOP herbicide use: The Enlist corn trait provides tolerance to Assure II herbicide for additional postemergence grass control.• Easy to use: Enlist herbicides are easy to use because of the low drift potential, near volatility and wide application window.

Options for additional preemergence herbicides:• SureStart® II (acetochlor + clopyralid + flumetsulam) herbicide groups 15, 2, 4• Resicore® (acetochlor + mestrione + clopyralid) herbicide groups 15, 27, 4• Keystone®/Keystone NXT® (acetochlor + atrazine) herbicide groups 15, 5• Realm Q (mestrione + rimsulfuron) herbicide groups 27, 2• Preferred products include 2 or more MOAs

9020 Highway 18Mt . Hope, WI 53816

Phone: 608-988-4568 Toll Free: 866-KUSSMAUL

Fax: 608-988-4576email: info@kussmaulseeds .com

kussmaulseeds .com

· KUSSMAUL – Corn Sales Managers Paul Klinkhammer – President, Kussmaul Seed Co. Inc....

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