Kurukshetra - August

7/29/2019 Kurukshetra - August

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Kurukshetra August 2011 11

The Monthly Journal

MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Vol. 59 No. 10 Pages 52

August 2011

CONTENTS

Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message o Rural Development to all people. It serves as a orum or ree, rank and serious discussion on the

problems o Rural Development with special ocus on Rural Uplit.The views exressed by the athors i the articles are their ow. They do ot ecessarily refect the views o the govermet or the orgaizatios they

work or.

The readers are reqested to veriy the claims i the advertisemets regardig career gidace books/istittios. Krkshetra does ot ow

resosibility.

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Chenikuthi, Guwahati 781003 (Ph 2665090)

l Establishing good govErnancE in

Panchayat administration: shaPing

a vibrant FuturE For rural india ap h 3

l dEcEntralization and ParticiPatory d. m a K

Planning For rural dEvEloPmEnt t a 6

l Panchayati raj in india: Pf. r s

rEtrosPEct and ProsPEct d. Pee P s 12

l Planning From bElow:

lEgislation vErsus mobilization up ck 16

l FirE in thE ForEst Kuma sg tpp.

Kanker,Chhatsgarh 22

l dEmocratic dEcEntralization:

a study oF villagE councils in mizoram d. he s 26

l rural businEss hubs 30

l FROM THE GROUND

Post 73rd constitutional amEndmEnt &

womEn lEadErshiP in siKKim D.G.D.Bha 33

l tagorEan PhilosoPhy:

dEvEloPmEnt EnvisagEd through rural

rEconstruction & lovE oF naturE DhujaMukhj 37

l BioMetriCsAtM

dEvEloPmEnt and rEcEnt trEnds r.s 41

l dasaPushPa, thE ausPicious

mEdicinal hErbs d. jk. t. r. 44

CHIEF EDITORRINA SONOwAL KOULI

EDITORKAPIL KUMAR

pRODuCTIOn OFFICER

VINOD KUMAR MEENA

COVER DESIGnRAJAT NAIK

EDITORIAL OFFICE

ROOM NO. 661, NIRMAN BHAVANA-WING (GATE NO.5),MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT,NEW DELHI-110011

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Kurukshetra August 201122

InsIde

indakamajpndcnalznggvnancfmpbmwhn

padh73dand74hAmndmnhCnun.Whlhul

fdvlunfpwhlcalgvnmnancuagngh

ndgvmnancaluchlcalgvnmn-hPanchayaraj,

whchaldcbdahlaagfdmcacy.

thundlyngpncplfhPanchayarajakdmcacynaly

6000,000 e f e .

Whlhaccpancfhndflf-gvnanc,llalng

waybffulldcnalzanfpwanfd.

te ee e e e p f P

hycandchaghpnblcvly.

thGamsabhahavbcmnumnalncvlycayngucvly

f e e ee f eepe, epe e mnrEgs.

twducupn,andcvlycayuhplcfhgvnmn

fncluvgwh,dcnalzanfpw, hughPanchayarajwllplaya

vycvlngdgvnanc.Dvlunfpwhkygvngh

i e e. s, e ee f ee e e e f

dcnalzanpc.

Panchaya,bngnahpplv,havypnalacaa

mdladmnavunfualgdgvnanc.

Panchayarajhaplaydagncanlnhmpwmnfwmn,

uplmn f backwad cla, and mplmnan f ual dvlpmnal

ee.

Wdcunhuhwhpncplfdcnalzanfpwha

wkdvhyawhpcalpfmhgund.


4/50


te ual admnav cna f inda,

pcallyhadmnanfPanchayaRaj

nun ac h nan makd

by bh uccful nnvan and pacc n

publc vc dlvy a wll a a numb f

pahc pfmanc. th gnal wakn f

e pee

p ee ee e f e p

n inda. Buaucaccmplx andpcdu

makdculfualppulanawllah

cvlcy navga h ym f mlyand

Establishing Good Governance inPanchayat Administration:

Shaping A Vibrant Future for Rural India

q ee f ee. te k f pe

anddmnancfplcalbanhahavbn

acadwhhpanchayatadmnavym

ncndpndnc,bdgnangcupn,

havalldnjucandfavum.E

ee panchayat admnan n

h gadwllbhmcnand cv

mau,whhfuncnngandadmnav

aafhPanchayawllbmanagdnamann

whchpn,accunabl,quablandpnv

pepe ee.

Anupam Hazra

The issue of good governance in panchayat administraon is gradually emerging as a key issue in

the sphere of rural development, because failure in the rural governing system will result in spread

of corrupon, inadequate availability of basic services for the rural poor, and failure in tackling rural

poverty.


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Establishing Good Governance in PanchayatiRajSystem: Portraying The Priorities

a f e eee ee e f e ee e. te ee e

ee ffee fe f PanchayatiRaje. a ee ee ee e

quphmlvwhppaud,kllandknwldgahwuldulmalycnbu

effee pee f eepe pe i.

E p pp e Eee ee ff f PanchayatiRaj ,

whch wll gnfcanly nhanc h pfmanc. Panchaya anngmu pm a culuf

ee Panchayatladandffcal,hughxpuvandnacnbwn

se.

Pplanng,bhwhnandudhahughgnalnanalupandv

e P e ee ppe, pe e

pe panchayats e pe.

Prindhavhmnmumcapacybuldngnfaucualngwhamfcapablan

f

spcal anng pgammmu b ganzd n aa cvd by hPanchaya (exnn

see ae) a, 1996 e e e pe ee f

pepe.

ief eek e ee ee e pee ke

p , p e, eep pp e; E ee, e,

amnandvaluanladfuncnngfPri,whchwlluggplcyacnawlla

wllndcaaaffuhadmnavfm

inunalngaymfcalaud,whchnalfmpvnglcalvcdlvyand

fnungcmplancwhlawandgulan.spcalffmubmadundakanng

andawancampagnfscalAudbyGamsabha.smulanuly,hNn-Gvnmnalo (ngo), e c be o (cbo) e e

(cso) e e e pe, pp eee e e

ek .

Whlcalaudandgvnmnalcnlancayfmaknghuallcallf-gvnmn

panchayataccunabl,nhhhandanndpndngvancdalbdywuldpvd

hualppulanwhhmuchnddnumnfnfcngaccunably;hlcalbd

eee e p e f ke eee e ee

fhualppulan.thwuldquabun-humchanmfdalfgvanc.

P eq e ee ee e p e f e p; e pe

andmagnaldcnndbnlghndandmpwdhughhpacpayplannng

pe, e e ppe e p, pee pee,

e e e efe e ee p e e g s g P

plan.empwmnfhppplwuldcanwdmandandpunqualyvc

andnlyanffcvadmnavymalncanmanaghnwdmand.

Ndnuclnwkngwhmdaandhngagmnncangpublcawanand

e e f ee Pr e


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te e f ee panchayat

ee ke

e e pee f eepe, ee

falu n h ual gvnng ymwll ul

pe f p, eqe

f ee f e p, fe k pe. o e e ,

gvnancwllmnmcupn,hvwf

mnwll b akn n accun, hvc

f h m vulnabl n cywll b had

ndcn-makng, and h ual admnan

wl l b pnv h pn and fuu

ee f e pp. s, e ee f

ee e e e f

ee pe. Panchayat, e ee

e pepe ee, ee pe

e e f

ee.

F dmcacy b uly mpwng,

e f e e ee.

F nung ual dvlpmn a wll a

e f pe e

e e ee, e

ee panchayatiRaj e e

peeqe. r g ee e

e; e ee e

andnuhdxplclyandcnculybyh

. if ee p fe

pplyandualgvnmnucuawll

applnunanuppply-

ualindawllnbablnuauanabl

ualgwhwh quyand juc.th qu

f effee ee, p e

e ee, e f e

ee, e fe i; e

e e, e effee ee

PanchayatiRaji e f e e

ppe f p fe f i.

(The author is Assistant Professor in

Department of Social Work at Assam (Central)

University, Silchar - 788011; Assam; e-mail:

[email protected])

effcvrucmblzanbyGamPanchayahughaxandnn-axmaundb

mpvdubanally;rucwllhavbuldaGamsabhaandGamPanchayalvl

fmp-pucm,ladnguanablducnnualpvyandmpwmnf

e pe f e p

me eff ee e e f eee e f PanchayatiRaj dvlpcampagnand cmmuncanym fawan gnan amng ualcmmun

e ffee eepe e e; e ee ef

pp f e ict e f e ee, eee Pri epeee,

pp fe fe. cpeee ee ee e fe e

mpu h -gvnanc nav, whch wll ncuag m anpancy n Panchayat

thandfmachwkandudywhn-dphfcunhwaualnun

e pe, ee e pe, e e ee pepe

acvpacpan.succ n h gad wll bhlpful ndawng ppplcy f h

dvlpmnandnd-badmdfcanfPanchayat

Pepe pp ee f e pepe ke e ee,

e , , ngo ee ee p e

e f eepe; e eff ee e e e


7/50


th m dcnalzan h pc

whby auhy ucud bwn

nun f gvnanc a h cnal,

gnalandlcallvlwhpwandfuncn

anfd h lw nunal cal

lvlhacapablfcmplnghm.invlv

dvlvng plcal pw, dnng ppl l

n h dcn makng, anf f funcn,

Decentralization and ParticipatoryPlanning for Rural Development

dvlun f fund, makng admnav

gmn f plannng and mplmnan f

axngpwandnancalaunmyandn.i

habnflhadcnalzanfpwh

f ee ee e

fhbwayfmpwngppl,pmng

p pcpan, ncang cncy and

pe.

The 73rd Amendment to the Constuon hence has been welcomed as focusing the aenon of the

naon on the scal structures and processes of rural India. As per the 29 items of the Eleventh Schedule

of the Constuon, three funcons i.e funcons, funconaries and funds have to be devolved on the

Panchaya Raj Instuons for planning and implementaon of schemes pertaining to a parcular

sector. But Centrally Sponsored Schemes implemented by other Central Ministries, oen ignore the

involvement of PRIs. In case the role is idened, it is either non-existent or minimal. Although 73rd

Amendment was not a component of structural reform but the aempt to decentralize allocave

decisions with the change in the development strategy should be more open and market friendlyeconomic regime.

Dr. Mohd Azam Khan & Tosib Alam


8/50


dee ke

eepe way. th pxmy f

p peee e e p ee

f f ef

e p ep e pe

ef p p fe e

pe. deee p f e p

vccanalhlplnkvnu-xpndu

e e . t pe

effe e p f

ee. gee e e

e pepe ppe, e e pe

ee e effe effee

ee, ee .

in inda, Panchaya raj ym dnd

a pm numn f dcnalzan hughwhch dmcacy bcm uly pnav

and pnv. th Panchaya raj nun

acnddalcallf-gvnmnmanf

pvdngbacnfaucufacl,mpwng

wak cn f h cy and na h

dvlpmn pc a h ga- lvl f

ualinda,whhlfindalv.thnd

f dcnalzan wa alzd lng back bu

h cn gv cnunal back-up

uallcalgvnmngncan.Whh

pe f 73 aee a, 1992, pepe

pacpannhpcfplannng,dcn-

makng, mplmnan and dlvy ym n

i ee ee.

Need for Parcipatory Planning

Ppl pacpan mpl acv

pacpanfpplndcnmakngpc,vz.

plannng,fmulan,mplmnan,mnng

and valuan f dvlpmn pgamm and

n hang h bn.thu,pacpand e e e pepe p

n vau ual dvlpmn acv uch a

cnucnf vllag-nfaucu bual can

b n h fm f andanc n h mng,

nacn, nvlvmn n appng h bn,

andpacpa e e k pe.

th pacpay appach hlp u

ee eepe , ee peee

and acual bn and nca awan

amnghpplandhlpnhmblzan

f ee, fe e

pjc mplmnan. i fuh nablpepe e e e e

ucandnuhahbnach

h lgma claman. i al ca

uanablyapcandgadually mpw

e e e

pepe.

Devoluon of Powers and Funcons toRural Governments

te 73 Cnunal Amndmn Ac ha

cad h panchaya aj nun ne e e . (1) g

p e e ee (2) P

ee e eee ee (3) z p

hdclvlwhallcanfpccubjc.

Pee, i ee pe

2,33,606 e p, 6,094 eee

p, 543 p, k

f 2,40,243 e ee ee. t

numb f lcd pnav f panchaya

ee e e 28 k, f ee

naly37pcnawmn,19pcnblngsCand12pcnblngst.Allhgu

e e pee, e e

cunynhwl.

Table 1

Leadership Positions in Rural Local Bodies

(Panchayats)

Panchayat

level

Number Elected

represen-

tatives

Women

%

SC

%

ST

%

d

P

543 111,93 36 17 11

ieee

P

6,094 1,13,684 37 21 7

ve

P

2,33,606 18,50,334 37 19 12

se: Pe if be, gee f i,

2010.


9/50


a ae 243 (g) f e 73

c aee a, e e

a qud dvlv adqua pw and

epe e Pri ke e

ffcv nun f lcal lf-gvnmn.

te epe f pep f p f

e eepe e

pee e 29 e

e e Xi see e ee e

p. a e, e p

hav bn gvn m pw, funcn and

fe. tee e e e pef

f p fe, , ,

dnkng,wa,lcfcan,aananalng

whcalculu,wmnandchlddvlpmn

andfamly wlfa du h dcand clpxmyhppl,pcallywppl

nav uppandpacpanwuldplaya

e.

Achievements

d e 17 e e e 73

aee e fe, e pe f

plcal mpwmn f h Panchaya ha

e ee ee. we P ee

e ee e e e se

UnntxcpJhakhand,van

hav bn pvdd h wmn, schduld

ce, e see te e oe

Backwad Cla ( n m f h a) n

pp e e f e pp

e p e. se Ee c

se Fe c e ee e p

nallha.Hwv,nlyeghsaand

e u te e fee e 29

f e e Pri. se

h Pe, m, P, tNadu, and Ua Padh hav dvlpd fw

funcnwhumachngdvlunffund.

we e Ke, Kk, h,

o, we be, skk, d n

he d & d e pee

pp, ee e 73 aee.

b Pri e e e f

funcna.M f h anf, hwv,

mannpapwhuhuppfadqua

f fe. m f e f

ldnhXi schdulahadbwnh

epe e Pri ee e

dmacannhfuncnaldmanfhw.

te f ee p e

ee eee f e f e epe.

te e f fe

mandwh dpamn.th gncnau

f dvlun and vlap wh dpamn,

drda, dPc e ee ke e pe

f f e ee. Fe,

manyfuncnahadbwnwfh

e f Pri. tee, , e eeffee e effe effeee f e

p ee e pepe

p f e eepe

e ee e c . F

e f f e ef,

e pe e e f fe

f. t e, e ee ep

eke pp e ee

funcnwhavwabungachacvy

e pppe ee f p, keep

e ppe f . t

p f Pri fe ee

e f f ee e

pe e ee f Pri

fe f epe fe.

Fiscal Devolution to Rural

Governments

F ee

gvnmnnindamanngfulnlywhnh

p e eqe e f pepublcvcagndhmwhchqu

agnmn f ax pw hm. th fcal

ee ee e c

aee e pe f

pe e effe f p ee ee

e . te ee f e p


10/50


pe e eee e

hmlvhughhxcfaxandnn-

axpw,and ee eee f e e

e f f e f

e e e u gee. tee e

nallyhypfaxwhchdvlvnpanchaya; wn ax- h lvy, cllcnand

ufwhchvnhpanchayabyau;

agndax-hlvyandcllcnfwhch

e e e e e p

and had ax, h lvy and cllcn f

whchvnhagvnmnbuhad

wh lcalbd. thnn-ax ucf Pri

f eee f ee fee, fe

pee, e/ee ee

pp. Buh ax, du,ll andf

e ee e e e

h gan-n-ad b gvn hm a lf

e e f e e ee.

thfhfcalmmachnnlybwn

wn vnu and al xpndu bu al

bwn al vnu and al xpndu

f p pee e ee pe

ee p e f

hugdfcandhwnucamag

ee e ee f ee ee

e ee e e e. tee

nun huldnnly hav hpw

e ee e e e f

pe e ee pe.

Issues and Challenges

a pe e peee e f fdcnalzan,fnanchuldfllwfuncnal

e. b Pri e ke e p

e eee eff epeee

gan-n-ad and agnd vnu fm bh

Cnal and a gvnmn. impvng wn

uc nghn h lnkbwnvnu

andxpndudcnfhuallcalbd

a h magn, whch xmly mpan

pe effe

e p f ee. b e ee

mblanbyhPrilmdahaxlk

landvnu,huaxcfee e

e e ee e e

e. F ee f ee e

pe eef f ee, e ee

bfcallympwd.thcndabl

ee e e e e

ee e eee ee e

vnu and ncu xpndu accdng

h pfnc f h czn. expndu

func n man nn-anpan and vy

Table-2

Fiscal Position of Rural Local Bodies (All tier)

Year

Total Revenue

(Rs. Crore)

Total

Expenditure

(Rs. Crore)

Own Sources Percentage of

Total Revenue

Transfer

Percentage

of Total

Revenue

Transfer

Percentage

of Total

ExpenditureTax Non-Tax Both

2002-03 27888.76 26402.23 2.90 3.61 6.50 93.49 98.76

2003-04 31380.05 30105.47 3.60 3.09 6.69 93.31 97.26

2004-05 35384.62 34537.36 3.00 3.50 6.50 93.50 95.80

2005-06 45028.70 41812.50 2.39 3.00 5.40 94.60 101.88

2006-07 52864.07 51286.23 2.16 2.89 5.04 94.96 97.88

2007-08 59881.83 57672.22 2.28 2.29 4.57 95.43 99.07

suc:rpfthnhFnancCmmn(tHFC),2010-15


11/50


llxpnduaunmyhabngvn.i

mpanpcfyxpndupnbl

ee , ee pe

ep, p f e

ee. i eee e

v xpndu dcn can mak hng

ee pe ee ee. a e

gvnmnhmlvafacdwhval

ee , e eee e

e e eqe ee e

effee ee e eqe f p

ee. a effee e

eqe f f f ee,

f e e e e f

pefe f ee, ef

h n fnancal dffcul a wll a h

xngwakvnumblzanff.i

p e e f e

ee e (fe, e,

lcalax)napdcba.

a f e pe f

eepe e ee ee e

ee f e p e

mplmna n, mnng and vw f

h pgamm. Hwv n pc f

ce spe see peee

e ce me depe, e

nvlvmnfpanchayahnn-xn

. i p e effee

pee f eepe pe

epe p e epee p

f ee . iee

f pepe ee

q pee, pefe

epe e p

nv nmn n whch h dcn

pcwk.

Conclusion

dee p

pee f pe, e

e ppe f , ee

upplmn nhanc uc flw n

e e e eepe

pp empwmn f h p.

Puung a pacpay gwh agy n

nly mak h nung gwh accpabl a

hga-lvl,fcapacybuldng

fuanablgwhadffnflcal

lf-gvnmn. th ucc f dcnalzd

pe pee epe effee

fe f f, fe fe

lcallf-gvnmn.thhanhappnd

h ncay xn. Fcal dcnalzan,n

e f ee ee

h vnu-xpndu l nk man wak.

Panchay a a m hav bn nawly

cnfnd n-gvnmnalflw, xcludng

hmavannual dvlpmnalxpndu

flwfmhCnalgvnmnualaa.

th dcxpndu n ual aaby h

ce ee pe e ee

e e e effee e

cnx wh h agd bjcv, angng

f fe epe

ee , e e

unm.Mlyungfundpanchayawll

n achv ul whu phycal mnng

fucm.Hwvh nd akup

capacybuldngxcnamavcalf

e p fe ee

e e f e

e. de f pe

e f f e p

e ee ee f e g s

k p e e ee

eke f eee pe e

p e e e.

(Dr. Mohd Azam Khan is Assistant Professor,

Department of Economics, AMU, Aligarh, e- mail

[email protected], and Dr. Tosib Alam

is Research Scholar & Project Fellow, UGC (MRP),

Department of Economics, Aligarh Muslim

University, e- [email protected])


12/50



13/50


t

h inu f Panchaya ud pfm

h funcn f e r e

pd. i n nly pfmd h funcnf e ee efee e

vllag cmmuny fm xnal ha. in h

wd, h Panchaya ud pfm n nly

h plc and judcal funcnbu al hf

e efee. mee, ee ee

aunmy.Dpmnnhpwa

aulfhadmnav,judcalandvnu

e e e af m

h mdval inda, h Panchaya cnnud

pfmhfuncnfhraj..hplcand

judcal funcn dung h p-clnalpd

acndablxn.thawhyChalMcalf,h Pvnal Gvn Gnal f inda (1835-

Panchayati Raj in India:

Retrospect and Prospect

Prof. Ranbir Singh & Dr. Preet Pal Singh

36)dcbdhvllagcmmunahLl

rep.

se, e P , f e

vy bgnnng f h Bh raj challngd h

clnal gmandpaculaly dunghrvl

f 1857 al knwn a h F Wa f indan

indpndnc, h nun f Panchaya wa

cuhdbyBhhughvpnfh

vllagcmmunahCwnkvf

e e f e E i cp 1858.

inad f ung h ndgnu nun, h

Bh cad h c fZaildar, Nambardar

Chowkidar f e ee f e

cmmun. Bd, laba plc evnu and plc admnan ym w

Rajiv Gandhi, the former Prime Minister of India, decided to revitalize the PRIs by according them a

constuonal status. Infact, he decided to do so aer realizing that only 15 paisa out one rupee for

rural development programmes was able to reach the beneciaries. Moreover, he was keen to create an

inclusive system of Panchaya Raj for inclusive development.


14/50


cadbyhmwhchvuallygavafaalblw

hnunfGamPanchaya.thnun,

aa maf facbcamvually daddu

h pnan f h vllag cmmun by

hvnuadmnan hugh hPawa,

Q, te, ce

h plc admnan hugh Cnabl

(Sipahis), he ce (Havildars), a

sub-inpc(Chhota Thanedars),sub-inpc

(Thanedars), ipe, dep .speee

f Plc (knwn a Chhota Police Kaptans)

h supnndn f Plc (knwn a Police

Kaptan).

te ee ee fe

e i ee eeee

acquaubjcplcalculu.thclafm

hwppulaayng:

(i) Afsar key Agari aur ghore key phichari nahi

jana chahiye (oe f f

candnhafah)

() Kichar key phisle ka aur police key pitey ka

bura nahin manana chahiye (oe

mndlppng nmudandgngban by

pe)

Royal Commission on Decentralization

Bhaamay,hBhddalzhflly

f havng dyd h nun f Panchaya

n h dcad f h 20 e. t

ee f e f e r c

Dcnalzan(1907)cmmnddhcan

fVllagPanchayaandhnunwacad

e pe e e ee f

ha cnuy. F lluan, vllag panchaya

wcadnhPvncfPunjabhughh

ee f P ve P a, 1912.

smla au w nacd f h pup n

hpvnc.BuhBhddnwan

ee e r (e) f e P. te

nwangvhplcandjudcalfuncnhm.th bjcvwadn. thywand

lghn h nancal budn f h pvncal

ee ee ee e P

ha h culd pfm cvc funcn by

mblzng h wn uc. Hwv, h

Panchaya dd g py judcal pw a

h nducn f Dyachy n 1921 hugh h

mplmnan f h Gvnmn f inda Ac,

1919. F e, e P ve P

Ac,1921whchhadbnmvdbyFazl--Huan,

me P gee e

pwvllagPanchayadphpcpn

f e ee P e ee

fnjuc.thchangkplacbcauh

ef ee ee fee

e e e ee f d ee

e e i e e f ee

lnhcagyfhvdfuncnwhch

had cnnudwh hexcuv Cuncl f h

Gvnfhpvnc.Bu,hanffpy

judcalpwddncaPanchayaraj.thraj

mandwhhclnaladmnan.

i wa n h abv cna ha Mahama

g epe e ee f P . he

wafhvwhaindacannuvvfhvllagdandhcanbavdnlyhughGamswaaj

.e. e ee e P e f

h clnal admnan.Dp h anc f

Mahama Gandh, h wa ll mpvmn

n h au f vllag Panchaya vn a h

nducnfPvncalAunmyn1937hugh

hmplmnanfhGvnmnfindaAc,

1935.smnavwakn,undubdly,n

hpvnc lk PunjabwhhDvlpmn

me, c r ee e P

ve P a, 1939. b ee

ee e e P e bmplmndwnghubakfhscnd

WldWaandhadvplcalclmahahad

ee ee e i s (1940),

e e f Pk (1940), e Q i

mee (1942), e ek f

(1946).

iwahpdhahPanchayawllbabl

ganhrajandpndncbcauf

advcacybyhFahfNan,MahamaGandh,

whhadplaydpvallnhugglagan

clnalmfm19201947.Bu,hhpwabld by h mak f indanCnun. thy

pvdd f h can f a hghly cnalzd

fdalymnwhchhcnwamadvy

ng and h a w mad ah wak.

Abvall, hwa nmnnf hwdh

Panchayaraj n hDa f hCnun f

inda.iadnhnghahhuandcyby


15/50


h Gandhan fcd h Cnun mak

pvd f h canfVllag Panchayaaa

lcallfgvnmnnunnAcl40fh

nn-jucablDcvPncplfsaPlcy.

Gram Panchayat Acts

ceqe, e g P a

w nacd by vau a a h i

Gnalelcn,hahadbnhldn1952,f

mplmnngAcl40.Anhanfh

navwaapmhahindanNanal

CnghadmadnelcnManfn1951

fhcanfGamPanchayaanunf

lcallfgvnmn.Fxampl,hPunjabGam

P a, 1952, ee g P

agndhmhcvcandpyjudcalfuncn.

Lkw,hanacdmlaauf

hpup.Bu,hPanchayawbynmangvnhraj(hpwfgvnanc).thyhad

n bn agnd plc and vnu funcn.

Mv, h clnal ym f admnav

e e P ee e.

inhmanm,hCmmunyDvlpmn

Pe ee e oe 2,

1952 f e e , , e

andplcaldvlpmnf ual cy hugh

cmmuny.iwahpdhahpgamm

wllbngabualnvlunnualcyby

awaknnghdmanfcfpgn.th

pgamm hwv, pvd b hpvbalGd ha fald. th happnd bcau wa

mplmndbyhdcadmnanwhh

ep f eepe e e.

ceqe, ee pepe

pe.

te fe f pe e e

ng up f Balvanay Mha sudy tam f

xplng h cau f falu, f uggng

h mdal mau, f xamnng h

ufuln f h xng lcal lf gvnmn

nunfhpupandfuggnganee e f ee. te te

fl ha h pgamm dd n uccd wng

lack f ppl pacpan n . i al fl

ha h xng nun f ual lcal lf

ee e g P e

d b ee e e. ie,

uggdachmfdmcacdcnalzan

nvnnghcanfdmcacallylcd

ke g P e e

lvl,Panchayasama hblcklvl,and h

ZlaPahadahdclvl.iwaalfh

vw ha h Gam Panchaya mall and

hdclagaunfhdvlunfa

funcnfdvlpmnalplannng.thf,hakbagndhPanchayasambcau

h blckhadan pmum z.iwanha

e e e . ae ,

hvywdblckwaacadnhpychf

ualmawhualdvlpmnandwaal

e eqe e p f e

BDo,hexnnocandhGamswak

(ve lee wke) f eepe.

thu,hPanchayasamwagvnhkyl

eepe p e g P

wahlpnmplmnngplan.Wha

hZlaPahadwaplayhlfupvn,advcandcdnanvhPanchayasam

g P.

Panchayati Raj Inaugurated

A a ul h mplmnan f

cmmndan f Balvanay Mha sudy

tam,hchmfdmcacdcnalzan,

ppulaly knwn a h Panchaya raj wa

e n r e e

PmMn f inda P. Jawahalal Nhu n

ocb 2, 1959. Gadually, wanducd n

all h a. Badly pakng, w mdal f

Panchayarajmgdninda.inhmdl

whch wa al knwn a rajahan mdl, h

Panchayasamwamadhkyauhy,h

CllcwagvnhkylandhMLAhad

bn acad wh h Panchaya sam and

bhMLAandMPwhhZlaPahad.inh

hmdlknwaMahaahamdl,hZla

Pahadwagvnhcnall.thCllc,

hMLAandhMPwkpufPanchaya

rajym.iwaagudharajahanmdlwa

bfdcnalzanandhafMahaaha

f dvlpmn. Bu, h wd Panchaya raj

ee e. i ee g P,Panchayasam andZla Pahad a hvllag,

blck and dc lvl pcvly bu dd n

agnhmhlfgvnanc.thfuncn

fplc,vnuadmnanandjudcayw

kpufbundfmhm.thywagnd

e eepmnal funcn. th

GamPanchayaddgpyjudcalpwandn


16/50


mfhaNayayPanchayawcad

e e e f ee kep e e.

evnhdvlpmnallwaaknawayfm

e e d r deepe aee

(DrDA)n1980.Aaul,hPriwlwh

nlycvcfuncn.thfacfhmaha

hybcamhadwwhuubanc.evnh

cmmndanfhHghPwdCmm

nPanchayaraj(1978),ppulalyknwnaAhk

MhaCmm,faldjuvnahm.th

nly xcpn w h a fW Bngal,

KanaakaandAndha Padh,whch dd up

vbanymfPanchayaraj.

Rajiv Gandhis Vision

r g, e e Pe me f

i, ee ee e Pri

hm a cnunal au. infac, h dcdd

daalznghanly15paaunup f ual dvlpmn pgamm wa

ablachhbnca.Mv,hwa

kn ca an ncluv ymf Panchaya

raj fncluv dvlpmn.Hnc, hwand

vanfhwmn,hsCandhstn

h. Hwv, h64 aee b e

e lk s 1989 fe e e

qu w-hd majy n h rajya sabha.

Hvnwa, hwv, lan nunalzd

P.v. n r, e e Pe me f

i 1992 e f f

e 72

Cnunal Amndmn Bll whchee 73CnunalAmndmnAc,1993.

t aee e e e f k

mplmnnghplanfcnmcdvlpmn

and cal juc n h f h 29 ubjc

e e 11 ee e ee

e P e se lee. a,

e p f e aee ee e

P e e ef e e, e ef

gvnanccnnubamagfhPri

vn ghn ya a h mplmnan f

73 Cnunal Amndmn Ac n 1994. th

Prihavbndndfuncn,funcnaand

fundnmfha.evnwhhha

bn mmdcum fdvlun, aunmy

ee e.

i f e e Pri e e

ee f e e e e ee

f mplmnng h ual deepe

calwlfapgamm.thcanbynch

f magnan b cndd a lf gvnng

bd. in h wd, w cnnu hav

Panchayaavaulvlndnabu

hyhavnraj.evnhallufhUPA

gee e ee e 2004 e f

fald bng abu anyqualavdnc n

h cnx. i pnn mnn h ha

e gee ee d. m s

cnud a paaMny f Panchayaraj

and had appnd a hghly cmmd pn,

m sk ae, e. he e

ee r te cfeee f

e e e ee

ffuncnalagnmnhPri.Hhadal

gnd Mmanda f Undandng wh h

ChfMnfvalafhppaan

fDcumnnAcvyMappngbyhmfh

ppe. he e e r g

swaajYjana (rGsY) f hCapacyBuldngfhlcdpndfPri.Bungncan

ek e e e ee

f e ee f e ee ee

pwhbd.

L u hp ha h mplmnan f h

cmmndan f h scnd Admnav

rfmCmmn(2007)fhfuncnaland

funcnal mpwmn and h accpanc f

e e e e 15 ae ce

fPanchayaraj(2008)fhampup,may

e k e P ef e e

ee e e e r ee f epfmancfhlmdfuncnhahavbn

e e 11 see.

Bu h n nly qu plcal wll n

e p f e se gee

pee e e e e e.

l e e, e eep f e Pri

wllhavganzlfahdc,aand

nanallvlfhpup.iwllalhav

nuhahPrignaucfhwn

e f e epe p e f e

e e e ee. ue e

, e e e

e e.

(The first author is Consultant, Haryana

Institute of Rural Development, Nilokheri and

the second author is Assistant Professor in

the same Institute , e-mail : dirhird1@rediffmail.

com)


17/50


dee e p pe

alwaybn pe e p

i. Ee nchnducnfv

yaplanhbacbjcwaachvngad

andpacpaydvlpmnahdagggad

lvl. Bu h nal andcncuv wv ya

p e ee c

DvlpmnPgammahBlcklvlwn

pccnugha nfcmnand ngan

famwk f uch plannng pc. Alhugh

Panchayawablhdfmvllaguph

Dc lvl n h la pa f 1950 fllwng

h cmmndan f B.r. Mha Cmm

e pe ke ee

Planning from below: Legislation versusMobilization

Utpal Chakraborty

Although inial legislaon at the Naonal level took place more than one and half decade ago, an eecve

iniaon on the part of Planning Commission was observed rst in the year 2006 when a set of guidelines

were issued by them in preparaon of the District Plan.

hap f wan f amakd l and adqua

ee ee . d e e f

f 1960, h Admnav rfm Cmmn

whl accpng h lvanc f plannng and

cdnan amng h mplmnng agnc

alppdfallcanfucblwh

e ee. seqe, e P c

f h Cunydd n ha udcv

h sa Gvnmn f mplmnan f

Dclvlplannng.Nfuulachvmnwa,

hwv, bvd, agan fwan f nunal

famwk a h gund lvl. Agan, n 1978

Pf. M. L. Danawala cmmndd f Blck

Lvl Plannng a a ub-a plannng pc


18/50


hava lnkagbwn cluf vllag, dc,

a and Nanal lvl. sfgudlnw

fuhudgadngfmulanfBlckPlann

cnfmywhhcmmndan.

thdcadf1980wndhmgnc

f cnally pnd chm wh an bjcvf ee e e ee p pe

fllwdbyfmanfwuccvcmm,

ppulaly knwn a Hanumanha ra (1984) and

G.V.K.ra(1985)Cmmwhhambjcv.

Bh h Cmm quvcally advcad f

an nunal lnkag f hpc hav an

cvucm.Fnallyappadnhcna

e 73 74 ee f e

CnunnhalyNnhamandaly

pvddfhlcallvlGvnmnfm

vllagDcwhapccbjcvfplannng

fecnmcDvlpmn andscal Jucwh

anaddnalnunffmulanflcalual

and uban plannng a h Dc lvl knwna

DcPlannngCmm(DPC).incally,dp

many vnu dcnalzd plannng ll

cndd a a pacula dpamnal xc,

e brgF, 13 F.c mnrEga. i ppe

wwllyxplvaublnckacad

whhpc.

Reviewing Legislaon and subsequentiniaves

WhlAcl243Gand243W,ancpad

n h Cnun hugh 73 74amndmn, mpw h Pri and ULBs

pcvly fmula h wn plan f

cnmc dvlpmn and cal juc, Acl

243ZDpvdfcnldanfhplana

hDcLvlbyhDcPlannngCmm

a akng n accun h cmmn n f

bhhualandubaninunwhchnclud

paal plannng, hang f naual and phycal

ee, ee eepe f fe,

nvnmnalcnvanandhxnandyp

fucavalabl, bnancalhw.

thu, lk cnun f Pri fman andfuncnngfhDPChavbnbwdupn

e se gee e f a

rulfamdbyhpcvawhnagvn

famwkdgndnhCnun.

AlhughnallglanahNanallvl

k pe e e f ee ,

bu ancv nann h pa f Plannng

Cmmn wa bvd n h ya 2006

whna f gudlnw udby hm n

ppaanfe d P.

sm day a whn h cnd

Admnav rfm Cmmn ubmd

xh p n Lcal Gvnanc bcam fuhvcalnhfllwngpn:

1. Dvlpmn auh bcm h

e f e dPc

2. s pe f e ee f P

c e 25 a,2006

pep d P

3. Dvlpngmhdlgyflcalpacpay

p

4. ingan f Dc Plan wh h sa

P

5. Cla dmacan f plannng funcn

e ee pcmm.

Agan, hMnyf Panchayaraj (MoPr)

nc ncpn nvndn nghnngh

dcnalzanpchughfundabl

cnfnc,Mdl PanchayaAcand publcan

fadmapfhPanchayaraj.thypadly

hghlghdhlvanc,landpnblf

Dcnalzadplannngwhhznalappach.

o 11 Plan dcumn wh a vn f

ncluv Gwh wa ah m paccal a

e pe f eee p. i aGvnanchdcumn,bddnfyng

hpccCnallyspndschm(Css)f

cnvgncfucandnfcmnfn-

cal p al h ld 12 p a a

pcfbm-upplannng:

1. Amn and py ng hugh

pacpayfalkGamsabhaandsHG

nwk.

2. suananalyunglcallyavalabldaa

pe e ppeee

PacpayrapdAppaalchnqu.

3. ree ee f e

e f f e e,

f css

4. Fman f a vn f dvlpmn a

wll a ag f aanng h vn by

Pri hugh a pc f nacn wh

akhldandlcalxp


19/50


5. deepe f pe e e ee

ee and uananaly by xp

wkngGupadnlvlfPri.

6. Cnldan f dvlpmn ppal f

hwknggup.

7. Pzan f ppal and allcan fee eef

8. Ppaan f pjc p n dald

f.

9. Vng f pjc p n chncal and

nancalapcbytchncalAdvyGup

f dPc.

10. inganfpjcnplanbyPri.

11. CnldanfPriplannDcPlan.

12. cee f e P e dPc.

te e e ee e

ppal f dn Pri mg n a Dc

plan;wllbncay dvlpa famwk,

bhcalandc-cal,ahDclvl

hughamul-lvlandavplannngpc

whamnandpzanbngmadah

lwlvlandhncnldadahghlvl.

te p e eee ee

b aa wh dnc may a n lav

pbu anablcnnucan bavd

e .

t ee e dPc ppeee p, e 11 P e

nallydndhfllwngpcclfbh

e gee e ce se ee

wllahPlannngCmmnlf:

1. DPCbngcnunalqumnnd

bfullynghnd,njuacmm

buafull-dgdnun.

2. dPc e e te a

Gup f dn c cnng f

pfe f gee, e

nunandnn-gvnmnganzan

awllacvlcy.

3. DPChuldbncuagdnwkwh

acadmcandachnunwhnh

4. thPlannngCmmn,whhappval

f e me, e

ee f pepan f plan n a

cnvgdmann,ulzng hucf

css.

5. se gee e ee ee

f eee p e d

P

6. P c e ) ae e pe se e

upcfhDPCawllachncal

pp

b) ov a pd fm, a lcalacal

e eee e

e pe e f e nss

npan pbla laa h

ee f bk, f e e

c) on xp nun n ach sa

dnd f ppaan f pl

Dc Plan hugh acn achnpanhp wh h a and lcal

ee

Fnally, h Nanal Cnfnc f

cpe/cEo f dPc e 16 17

Januay,2009aNwDlhnddhlvanc

f nghnng h pc f funcnng f

DPC,ppaanfvyaDcppcv

plan and annual plan, pcc nfman

and cmmuncan chnlgy (iCt) upp,

daabafDcandub-dclvl,nancal

dmanfPanchaya,paalplannng,cnldan

f u & r P, p f dplannngc.Afuncnalmanualfppaanf

ee d p pepe e tk

Fcwaalnddbyhcnfnc.

Our Experience with DPC

i , eefe, e p e

gadhCnunalpvnfmchanm

f plannng fm blw, u plcy mak hav

paduannnghnhfuncnal

dmanfDPC.Hwv,dphguand

cnnuu vnu au f funcnng f DPC

f f e ee. i e ee cnducd by h Plannng Cmmn fllwng

whkyndngaaufDPC:

. DPCanfuncnalnmfha.

inafwa,hyhavnyvnbn

cnud,whlnmfhsahy

a cnud bu n a cnunally

eqe.


20/50


. sval sa uch a Chhagah,Gujaa,

m Pe, o, m

h Pe e me

Chapn f DPC , whch hamp hpacpavnaufhplannngpcn

e dPc

. DPC a funcnng cvly n Kala,Kk r.

v. DPChavnbnablcvlynablual-ubanlnkag.Cdnadplannng

k pe pe p

ee ee eepjcmplmnan.

Agan, a gad au f ppaan f

DcPlan,hndngwafllw:

. o a P f brgF e ee ppe.

PlannngpcnNn-BrGFdcy

ee. thnpaadcbudgwhnh

p f e e.

. dPc e e p e

e d deepe P

v. in m f h a nly cnunal

f pefe.

v. th n mnd f cdnan eee e.

i,hf,mpavhnkulyf

ucunghDPCkpngnvwhaand

dcpccflnd.indlmnnhawhavnyulyhughnpvdng

paa cal upp DPC. Apa fm ha

mxpfmacadmcandnn-gvnmnganzannd b ncludd n h DPC

ha ncay ub cmm may uably b

cnudvwhcalplan.Agadxpcdlf hDPCwhn hmanng and

cpfAcl243ZDhpbablpnbl

ulnd by h radmap f h MoPr wh

e:

. P e eep e p

pc whu akng away fm hfuncnal pnbl f h lcal

ee

. Ladnghdcnvnngxc

. sng dc p n h ba f

e ee, e

epe, e, e e

kee eepe

v. Pfmnghcnallnhppaan

fPna lke ce P (PlcP) f e

dcwhhuppfhNABArD

v. rvwng plan f lcal gvnmn and

eepe epe e pe

f cnldan, paculaly wh a vw

e ee e e

vnaawhlandaffvlapand

duplcan

v. ovnghpacpavplannngpc

nuhahpcandmlna

fllwd

v. Mnng mplmnan f happvd

dcplanandaddngblnckha

e.

Instuonal linkage and acvity

mappingA a plngd dba a h Nanal

lvl, Acl 243G f h indan Cnun

mpwd h lcal gvnmn funcn a

inunflfgvnmnffmulanand

mplmnanfplanfecnmcDvlpmn

and scal Juc na abu w dcad ag.

see feee e e eqe

mak hmpwmnpanal. Alhugh

mfhahavbyhmdcladh

plcy f dvlun hugh acvymappng bu

n aly h ammach bwn funcnal

dvlunwhcaldvlun.Aacnqunc, f e se a e P

havbn bwdwha l fvcdlvy

pnbl h dnc abnc f cal

dvlun fllwd by anfng h vc

flndpamn calwkngahgund

lvl n an cv mann. th radmap f

h Panchayaraj (2011-16) ppad by h

MnyfPanchayarajfuhahanm

ca,whhahavclalydvlvduch

pnbl hPanchaya,hah

ll lagly bng pvdd n a p-dwnmann

e e ee e e f e P ee ee e

hdudcnnancalandadmnav

pwlackfcapacyandaccunablyfh

Pri.svc,hf,cnnufalhczn

f wan f a nd-bad gund lvl plannng

havngadnc vn andmn ghwh

nandnnunallnkag.


21/50


Acvy mappng huld, hf, b

ee ke e ucc f bm-up

appachfplannng.smpldvlunfubjc

wuld b manngl unl uch dvlun

e ppe f e e

p e f ee ee ee. a

clagudlnhacdalnghpbfllwd nhgad huldb udbyh

MnyfPanchayaraj. A h am m l

fachfPrihuldclalybdmacada

ppaanf plangh fm dmnan f

nfmananalycalucm.

Convergence with Centrally sponsoredschemes vis--vis ulizaon phobia

UndAcl282fhCnunCnally

pe ee (css) e ee e

hCnalGvnmnfabulanvya

planapcalpupganmvahsa

Gvnmn faanng hNanalbjcv.

Dung ya f h 11 plan(2007-08), h

P c e ee e 99

uch chm whch a cnlld by 27 cnal

me.

ev nc nducn h Mny f

Panchaya raj ha bn yng b by ung

dcnhsaGvnmnnghn

e Pri f e gee

cnfmywhh73 74 ee f e

Cnunand11 ee ee e

cnalyfhPrinplannngandmplmnan

fCss.thwavnadcvfmhPm

me 2004 e e me

dpamndalngwhhCsshuldvwh

hpcvchmnhlghfAcl243(G)

adwhhelvnhschdulnlandp

Unfunaly,ndnudahNanal

ee ee ee ee e

mplmndbysaDpamnhughvcal

ucu.thnhanyhznalngan

ee f e e e

and auchCssfal c h flndand

wnhpahlcallvl.AlhughhPrihav

bn nvlvd n mplmnan fCssaa pafhCnunalmandabuhnvlvmn

e e p f e ee p

whchnafmhGamsabha,ahCss

bcmanladappachwhapaaplana

pdcnfhcncndlndpamn.Aa

cnqunchalwayp ee f e e

dpamnupnhPriwadalyulzan

f e f e eqe e

n b upndd. thu h alway an acu

cnfnanbwnqualavandquanav

appachduulzanphbafwhchCssculd

bancvuppfngadplannng.

ifhdcnalzdplannnghabcvnun,hCssfundhabmadcndnal

wad apppa dvlun f ubjc ld

11chdul.Ahamm,PriwhGam

sabha hav b funcnally mpwd and

capacad ulz h Css a a uc f fund

f ngad plannng fm blw. on h h

hand h huld b adncly agnd lf

Pri n plannng and mplmnan a gad

aghp pgamm lk sava skha Avjan,Md

e pe, dk we m, t

sananCampagn,NanalrualHalhMn,

iee c deepe see, m

GandhNanalrualemplymnPgammandhNanalPgammlkBhaaNmanand

JawahalalNhuUbanrnwalMn.smlaly

e f css e ee f

whhacvymappngandbbughund

hcnalcnlfhMnyfPanchayaraj

e m f r deepe. F, ee

huld b a cl lnkag bwn a pcc

acvymappngandwfCssfund.

Does legislaon ensure parcipaon

on f h lun n h Nanal lvl

feee e 16 17Januay,2009wa

happlpnanupacpanhkye e f eee p pe.

tee pe ee ee

whhmblzanfllwhlglanh

lglanhuldfllwhpanfmblzan.

oulanngfmhyhwhandmcacy

aladpndupnhpanfndgnu

culu, adn and yl f gvnanc and

admnav yl whch ulmaly c h

dncvn and cmplxy f vau nanal

dn,awllaalandculualdv.

Agan, na glbalzd cywhnwa alkng

abumnmala,waaccpnghlvancfpvanav,cvlcyandcalcapaln

u gvnanc ym. incally, pacpan n

un,alanuca,llnama

fpvanav,fnagnpccplcal

pe.

Ah lapf wdcadfmhday

f u dcnalzan nav, may nw b


22/50


calldhancnfmywhhglbalagndau

fcufdcnalzanwanhngfpy

f e gee gee f e

whch dc ann h l fmulplcy

f ac and nun n plcal dcn

makng.thuqunngvnancagadng

ucncndwh cy andh fcu ncdnanandlf-gvnancauch,manfd

n dn yp f nwk and panhp.

(re,1997)i ee e, eefe,

dcnalzanmandpnfpwnnly

ual and uban lf-gvnng nun bu

allcallfhlpgup,lcalcmmunand

NGo. th h v ya plan-eghh,Nnh and

nhnadfcnnnghmlvPanchaya

rajMuncpalGvnmn,havpvddwd

manngdcnalzan.Fuh,whuldn

fg ha u f dcnalzan n aly

1990w nnwaya pn anypu

buldngnPlcymakfmblw.thnavwaapnhdmandflgupand

ppn pa clamng f ga dvlun

whch cncdd wh h cnmpay glbal

e.(m,2008) a eqee pepe

h bmlvl nad fmblzng hmlv

fhwnplannngpfdbbnca

f gee Pe.

w e ee fe f ee ee f

pacpanaGamsabhaandWadsabhamay

nwb cncluddha nlyngcnnuand

cv panhp buldng amng dn

calandplcalacwhcvuppfhacanhlpugdfhuan.A

hammplcalachuldbp-acv

nghnhpacpaymchanmahGam

sabhaandWadsabhalvlwhfullnfmann

ee ee e f p.

Revising Kerala Experience

Kala mdl f plannng ppulaly knwn

a ppl plan campagn nw wll knwn

e ee . w

e e nnhplanfh cunywa

cvdvlunfpwandpnbl,

funcna and uc h Lcal lf

gvnng inun wh a fcu n ppl

pnanu pacpan. th n pc

wa nad und h ladhp fKala sa

PlannngBad.Whhcmmndanfh

CmmnDcnalzanfPw,ppulaly

knwnasnCmm,hhnsaGvnmn

ee ee e f P f e

lvlnunwhchwafllwdbyaf

uablnunal ef. be ppe f

ubday,hydvddhfuncnfdn

f ual and uban lcal gvnmn n

acv and ub acv. Plannng fm blw

wamdaannumnfcalmblzan.

Whhnanfcapacybuldngfvylvle e p pe f g

sabha,ach lcalbdywa qudppaa

cmphnvaaplanwhfcunlcalppl

fe ee efe e p f f

hGvnmn.thmajucmfhn

pe, ee e se P b,

wafllw:

1. enablng h a ucu a ymac

pacpayplannngmhdlgyavau

e f eepe pe

2. inanfhanffaundnhdf

hannualplanallcannhabudghlcalgvnmnnhfmfund

ganfmplmnanfpjcap

pepe ee

3. enablng anf fund, funcn and

funcna

4. ip e p f pepe

h pnav n undandng and

dnfynglcallvlplannng

5. Mvang mpvng accunably and

nducnggdgvnancpacc

6. Pvdng avc h wak cn n

mnghbacndducpvy

andnablnghmhavablvlhd

pn.

Wha wa pbl n Kala wh a ng

k f e e pe e

hughu h cuny, buwhaw lan fm

hxchaancvlglanpbl

whn h a pacvba fmblzan

bhhpcunmulanuly.thwaal

e e f we be e e 1970 epe

flandfmmvmnwhchpavdhway

f dmcac ual dcnalzan vnwhua cnunal manda. ou n xc f

plannngfmblwwuldbfulunlun

hughbhwayac.

(The author is a member of the West

Bengal Civil Service, presently working as Block

Development Ocer, Sainthia, Birbhum, e-mail :

[email protected])


23/50


te e, e e, ee

f d, wng

e fe e f f f e

fe f e, e f fe

e.

i h bwldng vay f lf whch

cnal uxnc aa pcamng

cunlhnhplanY,nlyfllw

pee f ee; e fe f fe

fmnhah.twaknwdy

h naual uc wuld b a cp f a

da,nwhchhwldhawknup.

Clhm,hwv,hngangng

fe e e

e ek. Fe f b e

wh nhab h gn, lagly adva, h

py f many lf-uann ee,

accdbyh cmmun.s why ha

ee e e flamvynw

e?

YhalwfFPcnAc

ee pe. reee Fe f e

hpuvwf Fdpamncann nway

b dyd ncachd whu h a

machnycmngdwnhavlynuchac.Bu

hanhha,hafmwhn.Whn

h f cmmun wh adnally hav

bnknwnbnaualpcfhf,

whchfdhmwhpducandakca

f e ee f f, ee, e

e.

smwh h m b a gap, n

undandng. Why l wuld h adva

hmlv lgh h f, whch dy h

pe fe?

Fanac.thgwh,h

e. tee, , fe e eee

Fire in the Forest

Kumar Singh Toppo. Kanker, Chhatsgarh


24/50


ef allchangwhhanandpufh

w, lav, fu, hb and b wh h

changngan.thwhahadvapluckand

e, e e e e ke, .

thfnKankdc,nuhChhagah

fllwhpan.

Mahuanfhmvaluablwhch

npngahfvalfcluHlpufh

abundanc f w whch h adva wp

dwn n dung h an, cung h f

fhdanywhw.thamany

ufMahua,hmppulabngbwngan

nxcangdnk,afavwhhadva.th

e ee e pee f

bw5lfhlqu,whchdlldung

lcal cnapn. Acually mahua ha mulpl

u,amnghmauaamadfmh

cuhdw.ifchagdpcahhaa

awll.thcalancnbwcunymad

q f e e e,

ef e ee e k

mmbdngnan-calacv.

swhydhadvawh knwnly

wll,hvalufhf,adungand

a h mahua pckng an, ypcally nMay-

Jun? i cau wdpad dvaan. tnd

yung planwhchhav akn nallpbl

plac n h f a chad.th gnav

qualy f f ak a bang a h human

eee.

oe ke e e. t fe

h pckng fmahua w, hddnund pl

ffallnlavandwg, h adva a a,

whuallygahnghlavnapl.iman

val h w whu caung xnv

damag.Buhnhngfndlyabua,

whchunamd,andgwld.

evnamallcanmmnandnll

e ee p.

scfnhBa fe e

wapcunaualwalh.thhagdy

fhgn,fhadvamnd-.thycann

peee e f e e e

pe e. Fe f e eee

e e e. a e

mahua-pckng an ha ud. th f

e f pe e e: k p, , e f, ee

andbwhchfndamakhugvngacah

e e ee e ke

k p f e pe.

oe f e pe fe pe e f k

ee e te p( ef).

l fe e e f e p,

ladhgwhffhlavfafnqualy,

fe e e

adwhupplyfdabugnngbd

e .

thadvacnncwhhfpbably

daback a p-agculuala.Lngbf

landwaculvad,lfllng,havngand

ganw nu, hadva w pckng

pk fe pe e

e. g e e e e

plughanddaywhawfndacnfluncf

hwa,wflf-yl.Advaday

e fe pe, e e pe

e. w fe e ff e e f e fe,

hjhmfm,paccdxnvlynnly

c fe e

e .

smwh h mayhm ha p. And

h nu claly fall n h gvnmn wh

ndakmauc-phadvan

pe f e fe. t e eqe

quanumchangndcn,nlyawakngfh

cunpacc,a-nanhhyhm

fhf,whchhfcmmunhav

e e. Fe Pe

e pe

wllnlybgnmaknfhyad

wh f x e e e

e.

(Charkha Features)


25/50



26/50



27/50


te ve c m e

ee e P r e, fe

e e ee e

lcal lf-gvnng bd du much fee efeee, p f f

e f e. te pee ppe ep

xamnhdfcncfhVllagCuncl

p e P fe e 73

c aee a ee

e ee ee .

de ee e f e

pe eqe f ee. i p

appaauhughwhc e ee

epeee e. dee ee

Democratic Decentralization: A Study ofVillage Councils in Mizoram

Dr. Harendra Sinha

The present posion of the Village Councils in Mizoram may be compared with the Panchayats of Indian

states before the Constuon (73rd Amendment) Act 1992. Socio-economic development is beyond the

scope of the Councils due to lack of nancial and polical power.

galvlpplpacpanndcn-

k pc. Fllw f dcnalzan

p ee e e, pp,

epee effe. te e d-cncna pw and mak publc

ee e e pepe. i, e e

dmcacyfhwld,alznghmpanc

fdmcacdcnalzan,nadhh-

Panchayarajinun(Pri)n1958wh

e ee f f pepe

e f f epeee ee

e ee.

te 73 c aee a

1992 fe ee e Pri. te 73


28/50


aee e e Pri

ee ee e f

f epe e ee

pp eepe pe e e

lvl. th a fMzam habnxmpd

f e 73

c aee e h xnc f adnal lcal lf-gvnng

e e ve c, ee e e

l h d (ve c) a 1953.

The Village Councils in Mizoram:

te a f l (m) e

ee cef ee epe e

ve c fe epeee. te l

h d c, (ve c) a 1953

wa pad und h Luha Hll Ac. N.V, f

1953 1 deee, 1953.

sm laly, h Paw-Lakhre c (ve

Cuncl) Ac wa pad n

sepee, 1954 ee

e e

Paw- Lakh gn. By h

l h a

d (a

je) re1953, e d

CunclCuwaablhd

and Paw-LakhAunmu

re (a fje) re, 1954, e

Vllag Cuncl Cu w cnud n h

Paw-Lakhrgn(sngh1994:149).thVllag

c e f e e

habn xmpd fm h73 c

aee.

te f f e ve c

nclud h dbun f jhum land whn

h judcn n accdanc wh h law,

nfcHnalangwhnallhablbdd

vllag whch h dn f h vllag a nd h vc f h wlfa f h

vllagwhnvccandmand,nung

e e e pe

e p f

dfvacanwhnvnday.thVllag

c e e f e gee

fmwhchhgvnmngvalac,

ek f fe e e. te ve c

ep e ee e ee

f e e ke fe fe; e

e p, ke ee ee e

f p e e.

The Deficiencies of the VillageCouncils:

te pee p f e ve c

nMzammaybcmpadwhhPanchaya

f i e efe e c (73

Amndmn) Ac 1992. sc-cnmc

eepe e e pe f e c

dulackffnancalandplcalpw.th

man dfcncy f h lcal lf-gvnmn

bdyfnancalhandcapwhnpmann

e f e. a

ee p f ef, pee e

f e ee.

mee, pepe

ke p e

f ve c ee.

te ee

e pe e

e ve c. ue

l h d (ve

c) a, 1953 (ee

up da) , sub- cn

(3) f cn 13 ad,

n pe e ee f e ve

c e pek ke p

ee pe e

h pvnhall bpunhablwhfnn

xcdng r. 50/- by h Vllag Cu. th

ub-cn(1)fcn25fhAcpvd,

thGvn,bypublcnfcan,dh

f ve c f p,

e ve c effe

e e e

e e pe e ee

f e e f e e ffe

f . t, f e

Vllag Cuncl a h lcal lf-gvnmn n

m ee e ee

nfnc and whu fnancal pw; h

ve c ee e ee

lf-nun (sapahy 1995: 358-362). th

The state of Mizoramhas been exempted from

the 73rd ConstuonalAmendment due to theexistence of tradional

local self-governing bodies the Village Councils,

created under the LushaiHills District (VillageCouncils) Act 1953


29/50


Vllag Cuncl hav w maj lman a

e f e. F f ee

e ee f e p f ee

e e g s e e

Panchayarajymwhchnablpacpan

f e ee pp f e e

e e k pe. se, ee

e e eee e eep

f h Vllag Cuncl whch duc hm

uncad dmcac (Da 2004:142-143).

tee p f ee f e f

wmnnhCunclawll. 4

m ve c

e e ee pe

wh c accmmdan bye ee d

c. a , e e

cunclxcuvandmmb

e pe ee,

cnvnmng,dawupplan

ee f eepe

and cnucn, pv

cd fmng, ca, and

bk/papcncndwhvllagadmnan

(Paad 1995: 138). Mv, lgally cnudVllagCunclancanglylngpwand

auhyhhncbadganzanuchah

YungMzAcan(YMA),MzUpaPawl(MUP)

andMzHmchhinuhkhawmPawl(MHiP)c.

thVllagCuncl,whchxpcduphldh

adnalcumandpaccfhMz,n

ncv n can accun hby ndng

hulflawmanngl.thhcnunal

bdandhacannfuncnaval

andnapan.thfachawkacadunaclmafnnandvalybwnh

Dc Admnan and h Dc Cuncl

ha ld lw and ncn mplmnan.

te pe f eepe

plcal. thppl fMzama nd n

uannghmdnplcalnunbuhy

ee e ee eacvalu.

thvalufdmcacnunayb

mlynnchdnhMzcy(Hakp 2009:

34-35). Lalzawngae e mpanbwn

Pri and Vllag Cuncl n Mzam (Lalzawnga

2010:247).

1. thPrihanhCnunfinda

wha Vllag Cuncl ha n uch (Pri

nwcnunalbd).

2. Unlkwh-fPrihnly

nnVllagCuncl.

3. Abncfavanfwmn.

4. Whl h duan f

P 5 e, ve

c e 3 e.

5. elcn h panchaya ee e f se

elcn Cmmn wha

h lcn f h Vllag

c e e

h sa Lcal Admnan

depe.

6. g s pe

pf f p ee

d xchang f da

wha, publc pacpan

ve c e ee.

7. Pw, auhy and pnbl fP pepe p f e

eepe e e

pee f ee (

e e e e Eee see)

e pe ve c.

Village Councils and Rural

Development

a ve c e e e

e pe f eepe pe,

e e e Pr i (s 2010: 47). be

e e pee f e

ee f eepe m. te

fllwngabl:1and2hwhpna

whpnblnhlcnfbnfca

and h uc fmwhch vllag ppl knw

f f eepe pe.

The Village Council, which

is expected to uphold the

tradional customs and

pracces of the Mizo,

is oen ineecve on

certain accounts thereby

rendering the rule of law

meaningless


30/50


2thbnfcaandnn-bnfcafual

dvlpmnpgammxplcahamajy

(64.17) f e eefe e f, eee

pe e ee f e pe f

dvlpmn--by h Vllag Cuncl. Bu h

e qe e e f eefe f eepe pe e eee

e e. 10.41 pee

ee e e e e p

ee, 18. 75 pee e.

thcagydnknw6.67pcn.

Table-1

Showing responses on the method of selecon

of beneciaries of RD schemes

Number of Respondents--240

Method Number

Responding

Percentage

seee ve

c, *ve

deepe c

154 64.17

g. off 45 18.75

le p

ee

25 10.41

Dnknw 16 6.67

t 240 100

suc:Qunnaandinvwschdul

* th Vllag Dvlpmn Cuncl mm x and

mmdlvdaphnucnfhgvnmn.

Suggestions:

l th x ng lcal lf-gvnmn n

mmwanducdbyhLuhaHll

d c; (ve c) a 1953

whchndbvwda50yaha

padnchn.exndnghpwf

e ve c (f Pri e e

e) e, effee

andwkabldmcacnunapa

whhCnun(73 aee) a

eee f

vanfwmn,xndnghm

f 3 e 5 e, e e e

makngpwhVllagCuncl.

l P r i pe e

c (73 aee) a

e e e ve d

lvlwhcanmdfcannnung

hxngadnalvaluhpn

Vllag Cuncl mpwdwh lk h

p f e e m h d.

l tw-mdlPanchayarajnun5

e e ee e

e m.te e f e

ee g s, z P

e e m.

l te e f e yma,

MHiP, MUP h lag nn-gvnmn

ganza n n Mzam wll a l b

e p p f

f e f e P r

.

l m e f e

e p p e

e e pepe p,

dcun, wkhp and mna c.

abuhnwPanchayarajnun

fe m.

Conclusion:

se e e

e m ee. deepe

e f e pepe ee. i ee e ppe

f e pp e pp

admnan whch ulmaly nghn

dmcacy. th pa n pw huld hw

acual plcal wll nduc Pri bng

e e e c. i m

wh h vllag a cad du

ggaphcal lcan, nducn f Pri wll

e e pepe. i

wllnablhualpplpacpanbh

e k p f

bnghafdmcacdcnalzan-

-pacpan, pnvn and ffcncy n

m.

(The author is Associate Professor and Head,

Department of Political Science, Govt. J. Buana

College, Lunglei, Mizoram , e-mail:(dawlasinha@

gmail.com)


31/50


r be h (rbh) see, ce

se see e peee e

m f P r, pp

eepe e f e e f e

cunywhchbulnhplafmf4P..

Publc-Pva-Panchaya-Panhp.thchm

waadn2007.

te e e e ee e

ummazd a blw. Panchaya can pm

r be h ee e

eepe e. te ef k

andndwmnfpplandnaualuc

e P e. te e

awan pgamm bng gh h

e ee e

pf ee fe epe f

e e p kee. a e

p , P ee

e e eepe p ee f

e rbh e e e eee

p pe e ee. te

e ee ee ee

e e fe e e

e rbh fe pp

fe e p f eepe e

pp p

pep. te see ppe e

e e brgF see

n E se.

P e e see

e f d lee wkp,

sub-Dc Lvl Wkhp f appcang

e ep, ef ee &

f eee, pep f p

e e e., p k/

nfaucu. Fnancal aanc r. 60,000/-

f d lee wkp `15,000/-fsub-

d lee wkp e.

thmaxmumamunfganfndvdual

pe r. 25.00 k. a 70 pe e

ee ppe f r. 6.03 e ee

pnllnwnelvnhPlanpdaganal

f r. 24.90 e.

F e effee pee f rbh

schmandalwhavwup-calham,

RURAL BUSINESS HUBS


32/50


epee e f e see

ee e Edii, a. te rep

e Edii e pe f fe

e f .

Panchayat Mahila Evam Yuva ShaktiAbhiyan

te m f P r ee

pee e see P m

E y sk a (PmEysa) ee

lcdwmnandlcdyuhpnav

nc2007-08.thschmhahfllwngw

cmpnn:-

) P m sk a (Pmsa)

) P y sk a (Pysa)

te P m sk a buldnhubanalpnanfwmn

P e e e ee

nghmffcvly.PMsApvdwmn

whpcfckndfuppwhchgbynd

e e Pri epeee.

th bjcv f h PMsA nabl wmn

P ee e ee :

) AculahpblmawmnPanchaya

ee,

) Dcu u gadng h nunal

mchanmfhmpwmn,) Cm up wh a cha f u b

ee p

pp e e e ee

e pe f eepe pe

hsaandhh-Priym,and]

v) Fm an acan f h eWr wh

lcd c ba and wh cacadng

pnanfeWrfmhdclvl

anddvnallvleWrganzan.

we e e e f e PmEysa

cannbquanfd,hxpcdupuh

fmanfAcan/nwkfeWrand

eYrcllcvlywkfhaanmnfh

f eee ee P

rajandncahknwldg,capablyand

epee f Ewr Eyr e e

f e e. te e eke

PmEysa e () F f ce cee,

() F f a, () se d

/ d lee se, () Pep

f ce, () Ee f se spp

cee () se pe f

mul-m.sfa,23sahavfmdhce cee e e se ee

se. 13 se spp cee e e

schm hav bn ablhd whch wk a

pyf knwldg and vad nfman

e pp f Ewr Eyr Pri.

t se pe e e

see e ee e 12 se. 69

d ee se e ee e

15 se. se ee a f Ewr / Eyr

ee fe 7 se.

Gram Sabhaae 243a pe g s

xcuchpwandpfmuchfuncna

e e ee e ee f se ,

law,pvd.PwagndhGamsabha,

hf,vayfmsasa.Hwv

ky h lf-gvnanc and anpan and

e f f e g P

ee e ppe e.

i ffe eq pp e

h p, h wmn and h magnalzd e, ppe ee pp

f hGam Panchaya (h xcuv) and al

e pefe.

i e pe p se / ut, e

pe pe f g s eee

ee, e e 2 oe 2009 2

ocb2010wadcladahYafhGam

sabha. sa /Utw qud bv

e ye f g s ef e

pe pe e g s

lf-gvnancandanpanandaccunabl

f f e g P. F e

rep ke e eee

f a Pe, a, b, g, g,

h, Kk, Ke, m Pe,

m, o, P, skk, uk,

WBngalc.wandhamanynwand


33/50


mpan u w dcud n h Gam

s ke dk we, s, we

ee ie, P E, n,

i, ae, s ce,

we, Fe, see f eefe e

ce se see, s a, Fscuy, and Vllag Da Plan. th wa a

wlcmnd.

se f e ep ke e se

clbahYafhGamsabhaw:-

l Cang awan amng ual ma

f g s ee

pe, e, eee e

p.

l AwadfbPanchaya.

l hepe.

l we e p f ke:

f f P, ee ee f

ee e pepe, p q f

ee P, pp f

pplndvlpmnwk,awanf

pplnfuncnngfPanchaya,wmn

mpwmnaalllvl.

l iee g s f

e ef ee.

l t pe f gs ee, deee P,

e epe f e g

s s a g s.

l de f e g s

l m g s pepe

oe , s a e

e g s. ape f s a e:

l g P e

f efe g s.

l g P e

auwhamandaandaccunabl

e g s.

l m f pepe e e

e g s.

l te e ee.

l tee e f f f

f g s ee ee f

see f f f g P.

empwmn f Gam sabha can b a

pwfulwapnfanpancy,accunably,ncluvgwhandcalaud.thcanband

bngdnnwway.

() i e ee f ffee me

f ce se see (css), pef

f f g s e e ppe

mPr.

() se se e pe f pef

f f e g s w

sabhaundhPanchayaLaw.

smfhcndnwhchcanmpvhmpwmnfGamsabhaa()incangh

e f e, p e e,

halh,ducan,dnkngwaandanan,

() ie k e f e f

g s ee, () s a e e

hughGamsabhanly,(v)Mpwb

e g s e ee f ee

fdffndpamn,(v) Pwb gvn

g s w s e gP a

re () see f eefe e

w s () Q f g s e e 50% f e q e

bwmn.

te e e g

P efe e g s

ke pee m f r

deepe e e see f mgnrEgs

wll achv h wn bjcv f mpwng

h Gam sabha and anpancy wh m

effe ee f ee. ue e

chm, whch affc h ppl and qu

pepe pp, mPr ee k p

whhMngvpcfcfuncnand

e e g s. te m

ee ee f eefe

e e w sa lvl paculaly f

e P.

(Source Ministry of Panchayat)


34/50


te p eepe f e

hgwh f e ,

alagxn,dpndupnhqualy

f eep e f f

e P r i. te e

f P r i ef epe

e p e q peee f

eep e e ee. teefe,

Post 73rd Constitutional Amendment &

Women Leadership In SikkimDr. G.D. Bha

hudyf ladhpa hga- lvl

ca a ga plcal lvanc a hw

e ee f e

ee.

i a wll knwn fac ha dp m

ee e f e i, e

gn and a ha wn pcula pacc

f e ee e

FROM THE GROUND

On the basis of the empirical data we found that an overwhelming majority of the women leaders of

Zila Panchayats (80.3%) attended all the meetings of the Zila Panchayats and had full freedom for

attending the meetings of the Zila Panchayats and did not need any escort for the same.


35/50


cndablvaannhualpwucu

ffee e/ e. a , e f

fe e e f e pp

fwmn n hPanchaya raj inun al

vaywdlyfmnaanh.thf,

e e e e e e/e

pef e, e e f e pe

e ppe e. t , eefe,

wuld b a md amp n h gad and

dalwhamc-analyfwmnladhp

e P r i f skk fe

e 73 c aee a.

skkm ha adpd w- ym f

Panchayaraj-hfahvllaglvl(lw-

)andhcndahdclvl(upp-e) 33 pe e epee ee

vdfwmnnallh.inhlcn

fPanchayarajinunwhchwhldn

2002, f f 905 e f g P

n hn a, 297 a w vd f

wmnandnhZllaPanchaya,ufaal

f98 a, 28 aw vdfwmn.

Buaflcnaalf305wmnnGam

Panchayaand30wmnnZllaPanchayaw

lcd.Fhpnudy,whavlcd260wmn lcd lad a u pndn

f e e. t, pe pe f

hudygvnblw:

Socio-Economic and Political

Background of The Women Leaders

thmanhghlghgadngc-cnmc

and plcal backgund f h ampl wmn

lad f h Pri hw ha h ual flk f

skk e e epe f e ewmnladhpfhyungandmddlagd.

thpncfyungwmnnlcalplcal

e f e,

e e e

e f e e. a

anvwhlmngmajy(85.8%)fhampl

wmn lad wa e, ee

pp (13.5%) f unmad gl wa al

eee f ffee p e Pri.

te e e f p e

(sc, st, obc e) p e an mpan fac whch hlpwmn

eep p e Pri.

a f e e k f e

ampl wmn lad cncnd, h udy

hwhanbhhmaxmummmb

hadupmddllvlducan(34.9%nlw-

and50.0%nupp-)fllwdbypmay

lvlducan(27.6%nlw-and25.0%n

upp-).inhlw9.5pcnampl

wmn ladw lla, bun hupp-

e e pe wmanladwafund

ee.

te f e p f e pe

wmn lad vald ha an vwhlmng

majy (93.5%) f hm w ngagd n

e e, /

anmalhubandy.ihwhaccupand

ppe e e f e

wh plcal pacpan f wmn n Pri fe e. s, e

much gnfcancwh gad hmgnc

fualwmnladhpn hPanchaya raj

inun.ialhwhalandwnhpha

alwakndaaucfpwnhlcal

e f e skk.

E e e

gnfcanc wh gad h mgnc

f wmn ladhp n h Pri, nc an

vwhlmng majy (78.0 %) f h ampl

wmnladwhblwpvyln

f e fe.

An vwhlmng majy (92.0%) f h

ampl wmn lad w f m nan

e fe f p, f e


36/50


e f p ffe f k.

t ee

pee e f fe wmn e

ppe e f e e e

eep f skk de F (sdF)

bcmnumnalnbanngpwpn

e Pri.

Extent and Nature of Participation

of the Women Leaders in the Gram

Panchayats (Lower Tier)

te e e p

pacpan f wmn n h lw a

capuladblw:

th wmn sabhapa, Up-sabhapa

and sachva w vy gula and puncual n

e ee f e g P.

thlwpacpanacanbnnca

fhwmnGamPanchayammb,an

ee 45.5 pe e f e ee

e ee f e g P.

A fa a c-pan and c-dnan

bwn wmn sabhapa and h lcd

wmn lad n h acv f h Gam

Panchaya cncnd, h c-pan and

c-dnanwanly lmd bwnwmn

sabhapa,Up-sabhapaandsachvaandh

wa n pp c-pan and c-dnan

bwn wmn sabhapa and h lcd

wmn lad f Gam Panchaya. Wmn

sp ee e e eee

wmn lad f Gam Panchaya wh w

e f p.

th wmn sabhapa and h wmn

mmb f h Gam Panchaya w ne e e ee

hmngfhGamPanchaya.thyw

e ppe epe e e ee

e ee f e g Pchaya andw

e f e

f.

te /e f ee f e

wmn sabp ee e e ee

f g P pef e e.

th wmn sabhapa hav xcd h

pw gadng h mplmnan f plc

pe ee e z P;

dcdnghypandmdalfhwk

e eke e epee g s;

e ppe e e

ee e k pe e

e e pe f e ef f

eefe e ffee ee.

Extent and Nature of Participation of

Women Leaders in the Zila Panchayats

(Upper-Tier)

onhbafhmpcaldaawfund

ha an vwhlmng majy f h wmn

ee f z P (80.3%) ee

e ee f e z P

f fee f e e ee f e

z P ee e

f ham. i hw ha hdpndncyf

hwmnladup f ee e

nx e e f e e ee/

acvfhZlaPanchaya.ifuhhw

epee e fee e

eepe e ee f e ppe

f e eqe e f

k e e p epee

vn f lng danc.th wmn lad

pe ee e ee f e z

P k p e ee

alway avald hmlv f ppun

f e ee f z P

f e ee .inhgadwfund

ha nly h wmn lad wh

e k w n a pn

fee e e k pe f e z

Panchayaandhwhhadlwducanal

backgundwe ee e e


37/50


e e ee f e z P

k e p e e k

pc.iwaalfundhaanvwhlmng

majy (77.3%)f h amplwmn lad

f Zla Panchaya cvd c-pan and

pp f e e ep e

mng f hZla panchaya wh gad

e k pe pee e

vwandlvnghpblmaxpncd

e pee eepe ee/

pe e epee e.

Concluding Remarks

ou udy fuh hw ha h wmn

f s kkm hav bn mpwd fllwng

e pp e Pri e f 73

c aee a. b e eee f

mpwmnvafmandwmn

wmnaccdnghpwpnn

hPri.ifawmancnducpanchayaaffan

hwn,fullypacpanhdcn-makng

pe e e f e

by nac ng wh ud agnc, h

almfullympwd.Ahhxm,

fawmandncmufhhu

ee e e e e e (

e e pe) ee e

Pradhan pati, e f e

mpwmn.Awman,whlavhhm,

e e p pee p ffe,

andnachanahmnandwmn

alnhadmpwmn,vnfh

keep qe e ee. tee e e f

pnhadmpwmn.inhgad

uudyfskkmhwhanhlw-an vwhlmng majy (89.5%) f wman

sabhapa hav bcm fully mpwd a a

e f e f pp e e

k pe eee

e pe f pee f eepe

pgamm and nacng wh ud

agnc. A fa a h wmn mmb f

hlw-acncnd,maj(64.4%)

fhmwnhadmpwmnand

hmannghadzmpwmnaaul

f e pp e e f g

P.

inhupp-anvwhlmngmajy

(80.3%)fhamplwmnladandd

all h mng f h Zla Panchaya; cn-

p-cn f hm njyd full fdm f h

e e ee f e z P

ee e f e e

e /f ee e

e ee f z P. i e

hymaybadfullympwd.Buafa

ahpacpanfhwmnladnh

e k pe f e z P

cncndnly30.0pcnwmnlad

w fully mpwd and h manng had

zmpwmn.

th ca-bad clavag, cal cla

f, p e, pe

e. ppe eee p

pacpanfwmnnbh hf Pri.thpychlgcalfachanhbdwmn

acvpacpannhPriwhynand

ee k f e f e

e epe. a f ep

fac a cncnd, nly n fac .. lw

ee f e e ee

f wmn acv pacpan n Pri. th

nvnmnal fac lk ca, cd, walh,

ee ee p p e

lmnghacvpacpanfwmnnh

Pri.

(The author is Associate Professor in Political

Science, Sri Aurobindo College (University

of Delhi), Malviya Nagar, New Delhi; e-mail

:[email protected])


38/50


te 150 e f r te

e e pp

undand and cmphnd h mul-

facd gnu f h ga pnaly wh

wanjuapbuaulvfhumany.

A lau pa xcllnc,h lvf nau

andhhumanndvdualwllflcdnh

pe, e, . i e

fndalauwhwanjuapbu

ee, e, ,

muclgandapanwhnfluncand

fe pe e e ee ewnwldandhFaea,pcallyChna.

Tagorean Philosophy:

Development Envisaged Through Rural

Reconstruction & Love of NatureDhurja Mukherjee

tagwawdddhgalvl

andhadnma knwldg and lv f ual

i, p be. a e 1890,

whnhwalkngafhfamlyan

n e k f e e P,

hualxpncwamnalunngh

pe f . w Modern

Review (nee 1941), e ke f

xpncdunghday.

th nd f my wk k m n

e f e e, f

s P, e, e , beels (e

We who follow Gandhi Maharajs lead have one thing in common we never fill our purses with spoils

from the poor nor bend our knees to the rich.

.Rabindranath Tagore


39/50


waway) and n h way i aw all d

f vl lag l f. i wa fl ld wh agn

e e e e e

e pe f e e . g e

w and pvy f h vllag bcam

gwldmhngabu.md e e ef i

aalandld,cncndnlywhmny-makng

andngdwhmywnpfandl.

te e e e f e ee

buhwadmndbgnwknu

ee e f e fk. h ee

fualcnucnwagnaducan

e pe

whchncluddawanfhalhandhygn

eepe e.

a e ef e (

e e c & ve

Towards Universal Man,

pe a P

he, epe 1967:

if w culd fvn n

e f e ke f

epee e,

an dal f h whl f

inda wuld b ablhd

. L a fw vllag b

bulnhwayandihall

e e i. t

hwaydcvhuinda.

taghughhahwaanmpav

ndbdghgapbwncyandvllag

and bng h ual Bngal h knwldg

and chncal knw-hw pd by h cy.

Kpnghnvw,hbughwnybghaf

landalngwha hu,juwmlwf

sannkan, n a vllag calldsuulwh h

ee e ie f r re

n1922whchppulalyknwna Sriniketan.

thunqusnkanxpmnpadaa

cn wh cnm, agculu, cal

wkand pcal n va fe f

nduyandwkdghbngppy

hvllag.thdawa e e,

whn and n lf lanc and cpan,

wuldbngunyamnghmandfhm

f epeee e . mee e

xpmn n Sriniketan e e hughxnnwkwuldgalngwayn

p e f fe .

tag da f chncal ducan wa

ee f ee e e

awanfhcal,cnmcandhcal

aly and h lag culual cnx nwhch

e eepe ke pe

cnfc puu a cad u. H wand

a udnf chnlgy appca hw h

e e ewll bng f h labu,

e fe e

eepee. if f, K.m.

oCnnll,whlcmmnng

te e f e

(2003, Rabindranath Tagore

on Education), p pe

: . h advcad a

e e e

e f e

pe ee e

n bakng dwn cal and

e e. he fe

ee ee

wand dvh cnmc plcwhch

mphazdcaljucandnawdhgap

bwnchandhp.

th lab--land appach ha wa

mphazd nc h md 80 wa nly a

efe f te e f e

e e ppe eqpp e

p p

andvvalfag-badandcagndu

e . ap f , e ee

ducanandawangnanfvllag

e e f ee ee f

e e fe.

Tagores idea of technical

education was intended

to significantly increase

the students awareness

of the social, economic

and historical reality and

the larger cultural context

in which technological

development takes place

and scientific pursuits are

carried out.


40/50


thmphadayncnfcawan

wa ppundd te e

ee e e , e

e f i. Ee e,

whch a bng dbad h wld v,

fndflcnntagwngahwadplycncndwhpcngnau,pcallyv

fe. he e e e f e

e f ee

humanwlfa,bhnubanandualaa.

Tagore-Gandhi Outlook

thwamuchncmmnbwntag

g e fe e epe f

e Fe f e n

p e f

ep f e p e pee. te e

e e

dcnalzan,whchGandh

ppagad, wa vdn n

tag hnkng a h wand

p e e f pe

andqual.Atagw(n

ocb 2, 1937): Mahama

Gandhhahwnuawayby

fllwngwhchwhallavulvbumay

ep e pepe e eee.

on may qu fm a pm wn by

te g m ( Fe 15,

1940):

WwhfllwGandhMahaajladhavn

hngncmmnwnvfllupuwh

p f e p e kee e

Rabindranath Tagore

t ee e f ee

e e e p e

ee p ee ee

ep pe e f e p

andhcnmcallywakcnfcy,

pe e e.

t p ee

ee e, e e e

e p pe. E

ee, ee te

g, e ee peee

pe e p e f

fund. Bh f hm wand cmpl pw

f p e pepe ep eepe pe e

e ee pe.

th gal f lf lanc wa bac

te ee f e. he

wandwkdclywhhpaanyand

ep e pe e k e

f wk mpv vall pducvy. H

mdywadnfyyung

ducad vlun wh

wuld ddca hmlv l vng and wkng n h

vl lag whu fanfa

pee.

t

e pe f

ee

(ngo) eee

n ual dvlpmn wk.

b e f e f e e

ee e ee kee e

e pp e ce ee

mad avalabl m fund whch a ndd

vymagfhwk.

ap f e

dvlpmn f man, tag wand

nculcawhahcalldhlgnfman

, ke e

f lv, fllw flng and cmpanf h

, epee f e, ee

lgn.Ahncpndu:Dadu,Kab

e pe p

e e e p epe,

buawalhwhchallhumanynld.

Hnvagdacywhmdnducan

f e ee e fee

f pe pee ke

hmcncufmdnknwldg.

Economicdecentralization, as

envisaged by Tagore and

Gandhi, has not yet been

implemented in practice

as the panchayats still

struggle for funds.


41/50


th nw cy wuld hald uny and

e. i e pee e qe

fmtag:Whavnfnfu,hpblm

fncuny;heah,whdffnac,

lk ndvdual,wuldhav h fauly fly

blmandahammhwlday

e fee. w e ee

m pwful wh bad vw and dp

fee.

tagwandaulyglbalzdwldn

nhnhawhavcmknwbu

nhnhaglbalzanwuldallwf

flwfknwldgfmallcnwhchwuld

paculalympwandquphfamand

e p e ee f

e ee eef f e k

xp. H wand

e f f

whch Srinikaten ee

p e e

e e. Ee ,

nun,whch pa f

VwaBhaaUnvy,ha

ee e

n mpang knwldg

f e pe e, e,

wamanagmnc.

thugh h p wll

e e e f

i fee

hugh h wng, pcally ng, h

pp k f eepe

e eee . t e e

eee epe p e f

dvlpmn wa hghlghd by tag and g f e f e e

fk e e e f

fe . b ee e

e i p eee e

e e e e ee e

e e e ee ke.

i f w a al ly chh h dal f

te, ee pe e

h plan f ual cnuc n whch can

f e p pee f

pe ppe e e. a e

hmlfad:whadhavffman,whch nw happn hav yu dcvd? A

e e fe ee

fhdcvybcmadadwgha

pe ee f e f ue m.

smplyxngly.

Ahjuncuwhpvylmnglag

andhhghGDPgwhhavngfaldvv

hualc,havwbcmpaalyzd?Can

wnakpvpbnghappn

e e f e e e e pe q?

t a wh, n h ya

ef k f epe

e e pe e e

e e ke p

50 e

e ,

f k eepe

pe f ep e

xndd fam and

e eepee

e pe

h wk capacy and

e ee .

Mvafwnun

ke Sriniketan e

e p p f

e e e e f r

tagwhvwdgvhhumanndvdual

fe pee epe.

(The writer is a freelance journalist andauthor, specializing on developmental and

environmental issues. He is also a social

and environmental activist connected with

various NGOs and is the Secretary of the State

Habitat & Environment Forum (SHEF). e-mail :

[email protected])

He wanted to raise

farming standards for

which Srinikaten has been

playing a vital role over

the years. Even today, this

instuon, which is part of

Viswa Bhara University, has

been carrying out acvies

in imparng knowledge

of modern pracces in

agriculture, soil conservaon,

water management etc.


42/50


a

e tee me (atm) e

w h ha f bankng. Uag f

atm e ee

i ee e qee

f pepe atm, epe ff e

huandhlday.AtMhavbughdwnh

wkpuubanallyfmcahlln

k e, e e

eee k e e e f atm.

thlanhchn-blgcalfn

e e. be e e

; fep, ep. te

e ee k f eep

andadfbmchadwaandfwa.

be e e f

ee.

Biometrics

Wha b way han ung Bmc,

whch ha uccfully bn appld f

ef ppe e pp

Bio Metrics ATM Development andRecent Trends

R.Srinivasan

Deploying ATM for rural masses depends largely on banks stepping forward to take the requisite

initiatives. The recent directive from the government on financial inclusion is key driver for the

growth of such solutions in India.


43/50


e e, e ee e,

e e ,

epe eepe . be e

ppe qe ef , e

/e p p e

a,fauabu,whchncludfacal

cgnn (vag uch an xampl),DNA,

fep, e e e.,

tee e e f fep pf

(fke e), e

ee e e, e

pe. i ffee e, e

e (fep e e

pee) ee ef e

atm f f ewee bk e usa, b Fe

Chl,Gup Fnanc Ban nMxc,

mnn a fw. indvlpng cunucha

ne, ep, atm f ee

e e ke k

ffcwhaablpvdpnnumband

e ee f eqe

e.

History of ATM & Biometrics

atm c p, f e 1961

bycybankfNwYknaalba,allwd

fnancalnunpvdhcumwh

acnvnnway,undhclck,cayu

vayng anacn whch ncludd whdawal

f f, e ep, ek e,

andlanncluddfauallwcum

pay bll c., th wa n nd f a cah

e pee f e p

AtMchnlgyallwcumcayuh

abv-mnnd anacn ung an AtM

cad,whchculdbadbacdcad.An

atm e ee e e

ef e e p, e,

xpanda,andanaladypvddp-

eee Pin e.

te ep f e f e

wadvlpdn1981, efe e e

mplmnhdawaavalabl.LnadFlm,

MD, and Aan saf, MD, w phhalmlg

w dcung h pb ly f ung h

pe f e f ef.

Developments

w e eepe f e

f e atm ee ee eee Pin

numb. sfwa vnd a cmng up h

fe p f e e. ce

bad Fnancal sfwa and sym (Fss) ha

ee e e atm iefe

s (basis) ee e f atm

wh bmc upp elcnc Fnancal

tanacn (eFt) wch labang n h

wkng f h bmc lun. Cum

p f e e

e

Benefits

se e e e e

pe f Pin e atm, eef

accu ual and llamawh fnd

ff e e kep f atm. s

pepe e p e e p

e atm e pee f e

.

m Pe e.

m c e e e f Pin

m he f atm ee

ke pe, ee,

managmn,-uanc,PiNgnan,

hlp-dk,and-uanccanbavdd.

m ie f i e.

m i e.

m Flxbl accun acc allw cln

e e e eee.


44/50


m Lw pa nal c f h AtM wl l

e ee tco.

How does it works

w atm ppe e ,k peee e

e ee e. te atm

a nwkd and cnncd a cnalzd

cmpu (swch), whch cnl h AtM.

te e f e ef pe

atm. te f e e

k . atm e pee

e pepe atm ee

e e e epee f

AtMPiN.thypcalAtMhawnpudvc( ee kep) f p

ee (p, ee, pee, eep

pe, peke). ie e e

e k e atm

dclyAtMhnwk.thAtMfuncn

muchlkaPC,cmwhanpangym

(uuallyos/2) andapplcan fwa f h

e efe .

Rural India

t e e e, k e

all u n pvdng a u-fndly bankng

xpnc.tbmcfnancngnav,

bank a dplyng bmc lun wh

atm. E e e f

ep e ke pe

f ee e ee fk ee

p f e k e . i ee

ya h mpanc f bmc ha gwn

mnduly wh an ncang dmand f

e e f qe ef f

. i e f ef pp

hhanplcngnh.invwfh

p e pp, e pe f

e e, e ef

vafac,na,.Fngpnng,hwv,

e e f e f ep

wldwd.

se i k e e

pee e pp e pp f ffe e.

elwhnhwld,ffannablng

pe kk e fep

(nn-cad bad). AtM nhancmn wh

e ee e ee e

ee f Pin e, ee e

anacn by humb- mpn. A

mplfdmnunAtMcupldwhpbl

e e ee e

e f e. s f k atm eepee Pin ef. te fep

auhncanmhd nn- Pn bad, and

eqe eee e

swchnvnmn.

Conclusion

dep atm f e epe

lagly n bank ppng fwad ak h

eqe e. te ee ee f e

ee f ke efhgwhfuchlunninda.Bank

aquawafhunappdpnalnh

ualc.thlcmnduywnnga

blnggwhpac,andhinn.th

n r Epe gee P

ee epe pe

e e eqe . u

p e e atm ee

lacy qumn a cndabl xn.

Hwv,hchnlgyncduale.

(The author is Lecturer in Commerce,

Sengunthar Arts and Science College,

Tiruchengode 637 205, Namakkal District, Tamil

Nadu. Email: [email protected].)


45/50


daapuhpa lally man n w (Mal.

Dasa = e; pushpa = w). Bu h

Kal,hmfagupfnny

hbwhchampannhculualadn

f e e. re e p

w,hwhlplanacnddgncan

e e. o e f t

whch cm n h Malayalam mnh f Dhanu

( deee j), fee eeepe, e e f n n

famlnKalawahmnhhaamdngh

abvngafaandakngbahnapnd

v.thualccnvnncalldPahapp

chdalmanng wangwamdngh

fllwdaacumacadwhhclban

fthuvahafvalwhphd.

te a d eee t n

ep t f Ke. E e

daapuhpacpndadyandwangwh

eeee peumd quvaln whppng

h pacula dy. Pahappchdal

pee eef f e .

c e e pe g e eee

f . i eee e,

e ppe e . i e

e f Ke, pp

awnbywmnandglvnnhday.

dpp f ee e epn kakaka kanj(c gul ppad wh

f e p, e e

Malayalam mnh f Kakaka-md July md

Augu,wadalmnandnghnh

bdyfnwhlya).thdalmmbf

daapuhpaahfllwng:

i e eee e e f ee

p, pe e sk e f

e p e Ke.

Dasapushpa, The AuspiciousMedicinal Herbs

Dr. Jayakumari. T. R.


46/50


Indravall i ; Kesaraja;

b; hk;

b; jpp; s;

se; t: tpk.

(Indravalli- Uzhnja; Kesaraja- Kayynn;

Bhargavi- Kauka; Harikrantija- Vhnukan;

Bhadra-Chula;Jalapushpa mkk;Sambhari-

m e; Sahadevi Pk;

Thiru-thuhal;Thalapatrika npp)

1. Indravalli - Cardiospermum halicacabum L.

(balloon vine, love in a pu, e ee e,

hapa)Pdngdy-Yama.

A e, herbaceous, annual vine whnywhhflw,dbudhughuh

plan f inda. i fa gwng wh fla

ee e efe. te p

nmuppwhndl.thfualgh

gnhn-walld,papy,nfladangldcapul

ee e , ee

k ee. tee eee ee

e e

e. te ee e

awhha-hapd

ca whch gav

e ee eC a r d i o s p e r m u m

(cad- ha;

pma- d) and

e e e

ee e. ae

cnd h hb a duc, mc, laxav

efe. i e e f,

e, e, ee, e e e.

i e e ee f e.

th whl plan ha bn ud f val

ee e ee f e, ffef , ke e; f e ee,

pe, e, ee, eee,

laxav, fgan, machc and udfc;

ee k e e e ee

f e, ee ee

pulc f wllng. An nfun f hwhl

p e e ee f

Sl.

NoBotanical Name Family

Common Name

Malayalam Hindi Tamil

1Cardiospermum

halicacabumspee u

Kaanphuti,

Kpp

Mudukkottan,

Kottavan

2 Eclipta alba aeee K,K

Bhringraj,Kesaraj

Kaikeshi

3 Cynodon dactylon Pee Kk Durba Arukampillu

4 Evolvulus a ls inoides ceeVhnu-

k

Shankpushpi,

VishnukrantaVishnukranti

5 Aerva lanata aeece,

bppChaya Cherupulai

6 Biophytum sensit ivum oxaldaca mkk Lajjalu Teendanazhi

7 Emil ia sonchifol ia aeeeMuyal-

eHirankhuri Muyalchevi

8 Vernonia cinerea aeeePvam-

kSahadevi Puvam-kurundal

9 Ipomoea maxima cee t - Thiruthaali

10 Curcul igo orchioides ae npp Kala MusliNilappanai-

kkizhangu

Cardiospermum halicacabum


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daha.Aquuxacfhvnwhnud

aahawahuggdaddhafalland

pmhagwh.

2. Kesaraja or Bringraja- Eclipta alba (l.) hk

(syn. E. prostrata) (false daisy) Pdngdy-

s.

This short herb enjoys worldwide distribution

as a weed in moist places. i f ,

bwn, much

e e

mall wh flw

k. te

blackh-gnlav

e ppe

ee. te f

k

ee ee

ee. i aec ee,

pcd f dv ang f halh-gvng

pw, paculaly wh gad ably

ee e e ke , ep,

e eee, e e. i ee

pcally gd f pmng h gwh f

haandmaknghmblackandluu,whch

bwdhnamkaajmanngkngfha.

Applcanfpanglandulawllngand

flaa,knwnmgawllngandpan.

te fe e f e p e e e

ee eepan.thmaagwhfhjucffcvn

e ee. te p f e,

mxdwhmlk,abnfcalnmgan.eclpa

f ppee eee. i

e e, ee, ee ee,

e. te e f e p ee

wh hny, ud a upp pay

e e. a k e e f

e ee e f e .

ihaadnalxnalu,lkahlf,

ee e. te ee e ee e

e ee f p e ke e c b.

inakfhxacfhplanalngwhhl

e f f e pee

fhaandbaldng.onnwlydcvdbnf

f e e ee

pee ee ee, pe

ke f.

3. Bhargavi- Cynodon dactylon (l.) Pe.

(be , d , b

, de , d ). Pdngdy-

a.

i a ny, pnnal, cpng gawhch

pfmandwamclmawhhghlgh.te ee e

ee, e

fm1-10cm,naw

andapngwad

hapx.thflw

e ee

e pke. te

f e

.

te p epe ee, e

hzm.Afagwnge, f ee

e . i ee e aallnd,cwdngumhgaand

e . t e e e

e ee e e e e .

de e, e p e

pe f .

in inda, hm acdplan nx

ul.HnduwhphGdGanawhgaland

e f e ee f p e. te

whl plan ud f mdcnal pup,

xnally a wll a nnally. i ha bn

ee f , e, epe ppee e e e. be

e, efe, ee eef

f kn cmplxn, xmly bnfcal,

xnally n wund, hamhag, bunng

e pe f e k. te

pe f ee e ee ppe

aumacwundandpl.incaahalcndn

f e ee, e fe fe f e p e

ee. te e fe, effee

h naal bldng , whn ud a naal dp.

te pe f e p ppe fee

ee e f p .

ie, e e ee f

epep e e

wh pan, du van f vaa da. i can

effee e ee ee, pe,

hamaua, pax, e, e,

kp e. i ek e ee ee,

Curculigo orchioides

Eclipta alba


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ee e e, e

augmnfalgwh.thplanjucgvnalng

whcwaandckcandy,cubvmng.i

ef ee p. i

alagdan-xn.

4. Harikranja- Evolvulus alsinoides (seeDwaf Mnng Gly). Pdng dy-

seek.

i , perennial herb with prostrate,

wiry branches arising from a small woody

rootstock. te

ee e ,

ep ,

ee e

wh lky ha.

F u n n e l - s h a p e d ,

blue flowers arisemostly solitary in

the terminal axils.

te f e e pe. te p

gw wldly n pn gay plac hughu

i.

exnally, h mdcad l f h hb

ufulaahanc,pmhhagwh

pee pee f f .

ipaalappldxnallynknda.

ie, e p e

Kurukshetra - August

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