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עשר עשתי ביום א"תשל

B’Yom Ashtei Assar

5731

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ב"ה

About Simply Chassidus

Simply Chassidus releases one ma’amar of the Rebbe each month

with English translation and commentary. Each ma’amar is divided

into three sections, each of which can be learned in approximately

one hour. By learning one section per week, usually on Shabbos

morning, participants can finish one ma’amar per month, with time to

review the ma’amar on Shabbos Mevarchim.

Simply Chassidus is translated by Simcha Kanter and is a project of

Congregation Bnei Ruven in Chicago under the direction of Rabbi

Boruch Hertz.

Reviewed with Rabbi Fischel Oster in the zechus of refuah shleima for

יהודה בן שרה רבקה' ארי' ר .

Made possible by

The ma’amar “B’Yom Ashtei Assar 5731” from Sefer Hamaamorim Melukat Vol. 3 is copyrighted by Kehot Publication Society, a division of Merkos

L’inyonei Chinuch, and is reprinted here with permission.

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3 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

Section One

The Rebbe said this ma’amar on Yud Alef Nissan (the Rebbe’s

birthday) in 5731 (1971), and it is based on the following possuk:

On the eleventh day the nasi (prince) of

the sons of Asher [who brought the

inaugural korban for the Mishkan was]

Pagi’el ben Achran.

ת יום עש יא ב ר יום נש י עש ן ל ב יא ע ג ר פ י אש נ ב ל

רן :עכ

The Mishkan was erected on the first day of Nissan, and for the first

twelve days of the month the twelve tribes brought korbanos to

inaugurate the mizbey’ach (altar) – one tribe per day. Therefore, it is

customary to recite the passage which describes the korbanos of

each nasi during the first twelve days of Nissan every year. The nasi

of the tribe of Asher brought his korbanos on the eleventh day, which

corresponds to Yud Alef Nissan – the Rebbe’s birthday.

The Rebbe begins by referencing a Midrash regarding the korbanos of

the nesi’im:

כל השבטים 2ואיתא במדרש ,1עשר יום נשיא לבני אשר עשתי ביוםואשר נקרא , לשם גאולתן של ישראל ולשם שבחן נקראו שמותם

ואשרו אתכם כל הגוים 3שמו לשם גאולתן של ישראל כמה דתימאולשם שבחן כמה , צבאות' כי תהיו אתם ארץ חפץ אמר ה

אין אישורן של ,אלקיו' אשרי העם שככה לו אשרי העם שה 4דתימאה בחר "והקב 5ה להיות להם לאלקים"ישראל אלא על שבחרו בהקב

,בהם להיות לו לעם סגולה

The Midrash states:

“All the tribes were given names which represent the redemption and

the praise of the Jewish people. We see that the name “Asher”

represents the redemption of the Jews, as seen in the following

possuk:

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4 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

And then [when Moshiach comes] all the

nations will praise (ishru) you, for you will

be a desirable land, says the L-rd of Hosts.

ם וי ל הג ם כ כ ת רו א ש א וץ פ ץ ח ר ם א יו את ה י ת כ

י אמר באות י :צ

“The name “Asher” also represents the praise of the Jews, as shown

in the following possuk:

Praiseworthy (ashrei) is the people that

has this [all the blessings mentioned in

the previous pesukim]; praiseworthy is the

people for whom Hashem is their G-d.

ו כה ל כ י העם ש ר אש י העם ר י אש י :יוק אל ש

The Midrash continues:

“The only praise of the Jews is that they chose Hashem to be their G-

d, and Hashem chose them to be His treasured nation.

ש הבחירה "הקריב קרבנו ע, ולפיכך כשבא נשיא אשר להקריב' ובך בחר ה 6כמה דתימא, ה בישראל מכל האומות"שבחר הקב

.אלקיך להיות לו לעם סגולה

The Midrash concludes:

“Therefore, when the nasi of the tribe of Asher came to bring his

korbanos, he brought a korban that represented how Hashem chose

the Jews from among all the nations, as it says, ‘And Hashem your G-

d has chosen you to be a treasured nation.’” [The Midrash goes on to

explain how the specific details of the offering represent how

Hashem chose the Jews from among all the nations.]

The Rebbe begins to analyze this Midrash:

דבתחלת הענין אומר דאישורן של ישראל הוא שבחרו , וצריך להביןה בחר בהם הוא לכאורה כמו דבר "וזה שממשיך שהקב)ה "בהקב

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5 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

הקריב ( על שם אישורן של ישראל)ז אומר דאשר "(, ולאח7נוסף .ה בישראל"קרבנו על שם הבחירה שבחר הקב

In the beginning of the Midrash it states that, “The only praise of the

Jews is that they chose Hashem to be their G-d” and seemingly adds

the side point that “Hashem chose them to be His treasured nation”

as an additional detail.

However, at the end of the Midrash it says that the nasi from the tribe

of Asher “brought a korban that represented how Hashem chose the

Jews from among all the nations.”

Question One:

If “the only praise of the Jews is that they chose Hashem to be their

G-d,” why did the nasi from the tribe of Asher bring a korban that

represented how Hashem chose the Jews from among all the

nations?

The Rebbe asks another question on the Midrash:

או , דבחירה שייך דוקא בשני דברים ששניהם שוים, גם צריך להביןה "אבל בנוגע להקב, שבכל אחד מהם יש מעלה שאין בזולתו

. ה"בהקבהאיך שייך לומר שישראל בחרו ,8ולהבדיל אלקי הנכרהרי ישראל הם נעלים באין ערוך , ה בחר בישראל"ז בזה שהקב"ועד

.בישראל בחר ה"ומהו שהקב, מכל האומות

As explained elsewhere in Chassidus, the faculty of choice can only

be accessed when presented with two options that are either

identical (in which case there is no logical reason to select either one),

or each have a unique advantage that is not present in the other.

[Editor’s note: If both options have a similar advantage, the value of

each one can be ranked against the desired outcome and the best

one can be selected based on logic. For example, if a person is

choosing the best way to travel to his destination, he can choose to

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6 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

fly, drive, or walk based on speed, price, or comfort. Both options

can be compared against the desired goal to select the best outcome.

Since this is selection is based on logic, this is not called a “choice.”

Rather, “choice” is the ability to choose an option without any logical

reason to choose one over the other. Rather than a random result,

the person can actually want a certain choice despite the fact that it

has no logical benefit over the other (or is completely incomparable

to the other). Whereas logic is externally influenced by the qualities

of the object being selected, choice comes from the person himself.]

Question Two:

Based on this definition of choice, how can we say that the Jews

“chose” Hashem? Hashem is clearly incomparable to (lehavdil) any

foreign g-d, so the selection should be logical and not true “choice.”

Similarly, how can we say that Hashem “chose” the Jews? The Jews

[have a G-dly soul and are therefore] incomparably superior to

(lehavdil) the other nations, so the selection should be logical and not

true “choice.”

The Rebbe addresses a possible explanation for this point:

דבנו בחרת מכל עם ולשון הוא הגוף החומרי הנדמה 9ש בתניא"גם מדזה שהגוף , צריך ביאור, בחומריותו לגופי אומות העולם

לגופי אומות העולם אין זה ביאור ( )בחיצוניות נדמה דישראל .ה"להקבבנוגע ( לכאורה)

The Alter Rebbe explains that the phrase “You chose us from among

all the nations” refers to how Hashem chose our physical bodies

(meaning, Hashem chose the whole Jew, not just his soul) which

outwardly resembles the physical bodies of the other nations.

However, how can we say that this counts as “choice” for Hashem

because our outward appearance resembles the other nations?

Surely Hashem is not affected by outward appearances!

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7 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

In order to answer these questions the Rebbe begins to analyze

another Midrash on the following possuk (Eicha, 3:24):

“Hashem is my portion,” says my soul;

“therefore I will hope in Him.”

י ק ל י ח י י ש רה נפ אמיל לו ן אוח :על כ

ואיתא , אמרה נפשי' חלקי הוי 10ש"זה בהקדים מ ויובן( ב

משל למלך שנכנס למדינה והיו עמו דוכסין ואיפרכין 11במדרשחד אמר אנא נסיב דוכסין לגבי חד אמר אנא ', ואיסטרטילוטין כו

פקח ' הי, נסיב איפרכין לגבי וחד אמר אנא נסיב איסטרטילוטין לגביאחד לשם אמר אנא נסיב מלכא דכולהו מתחלפין ומלכא אינו

אבל ' ע מהן עובדין לחמה ומהן עובדין ללבנה כו"כן אוה, מתחלף .אמרה נפשי' ד חלקי הוי"הה, ה"ישראל אינן עובדין אלא להקב

The Midrash says:

“This possuk can be explained through an analogy of a king who

enters a land and his generals, captains, and military commanders

are with him.

“The great men of the land are sitting in the middle of the land [as

the king enters with all these men. Each one chooses the person he

would like to invite home as his guest – and hopefully gain his

leadership and protection as a result.] One says, “I’ll take one of the

generals!” Another says, “I’ll take one of the captains!” Still another

says, “I’ll take one of the commanders!” However, one wise man says,

“I will take the king, because all the others will not always remain in

their positions – but the king will always remain in his position!

The Midrash concludes with a lesson from the analogy:

“Some of the nations of the world worship the sun, others the moon;

some worship the trees and some worship stones – but the Jews only

worship Hashem. This is the meaning of the possuk, ‘Hashem is my

portion,’ says the soul.”

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8 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

The Rebbe begins to analyze this Midrash:

הרי גם מי שאינו פקח ואפילו תינוק , דלכאורה ,12הדיוק בזה וידועומה צריכים ', גדול יותר מהדוכסין וכו יודע שהמלך הוא 13קטן

.לפקחות בכדי לבחור בהמלך

Question Three:

Why does the Midrash say that the man who chose the king was

wise? Even someone who isn’t wise – and even a small child – knows

that the king is greater than his officers.

מובן בפשטות ' לא היו מתחלפין הי' הרי גם אם הדוכסין וכו, וגםמשכמו 15בפירוש הכתוב 14ובפרט לפי הידוע]שהמלך הוא גדול מהם

היינו המדות , שגם שכמו של המלך, ומעלה גבוה מכל העםהוא גבוה יותר מהראש , שנמשכים מהשכל שבראש ולמטה ממנו

נכללים גם השרים הכי ( העם כלשבזה ), של כל העם( השכל) .צריך להטעם דכולהו מתחלפין 16ולמה[, גדולים

The king isn’t greater than his officers because his position is

permanent – the king is simply greater than his officers!

This is especially true according to how Chassidus explains the possuk

which says that Shaul HaMelech was “ל העם כ בה מ לה ג מו ומע כ ש ”מ

(from his shoulders and upwards he was taller than any of the other

people in the nation.) The “shoulders” refer to the midos (emotions)

which are drawn down from (and therefore lower than) the intellect –

and even the king’s midos were higher than the “head” (intellect) of

the rest of the nation – even the greatest officers!

Question Four:

Why does the Midrash say that the king was greater because his

position is permanent if a king is essentially greater than the rest of

the nation?

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9 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

The Rebbe proposes an explanation to this Midrash by explaining the

origin of idol worship:

שבדורות 17אפשר לבאר זה על פי הידוע' לכאורה הי והנהג( ידעו שהשפע שנשפע , אלו שעבדו לכוכבים ומזלות, הראשונים

לא )( הוא 18ממגד תבואות שמש וממגד גרש ירחים)מ "י הכו"בארץ עאלא שטעו , ה משפיע על ידם"שהקב( אלא, שהם עצמם משפיעים

ולא , מ הוא בבחירתם"י הכו"ע' וחשבו שהשפע שנשפע ממנו ית .20ביד החוצב 19והם רק כגרזן, ידעו את האמת שאין להם בחירה כלל

In the earlier generations (in the days of Enosh, the grandson of

Adam HaRishon) the people who served the “stars and

constellations” (a general term for all idolatry) knew that all the

influence that came through the forces they worshipped ultimately

originated from Hashem. However, they mistakenly thought that the

forces they worshipped were “gatekeepers” and had the free will to

choose whether or not the influence was passed on to the world.

They didn’t realize that these forces have no free will at all, and are

only an “axe in the hand of a woodchopper” – they are simply tools

that Hashem uses to influence the world.

This mistake led them to worship these forces directly:

שהשפע שנשפע )כי לפי טעותם , מ ועבדו אותם"ולכן השתחוו להכוד חמרא "ע, ראוי להודות להם על זה( מ הוא בבחירתם"י הכו"ע

מ הם בעלי בחירה ". וגם כי לפי טעותם שהכו21למרא טיבותא לשקיי' .י שיעבדו אותם ישפיעו להם יותר"חשבו שע

Since (according to their mistaken understanding) these forces had

free will, they had two reasons for worshipping them:

1. They thought it was appropriate to thank them for their

influence – much like you thank a waiter for a drink even

though he’s not the one who made it.

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10 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

2. They also thought that by serving these forces they would

receive more influence.

As the generations passed, this mistaken understanding resulted in

even more confusion:

את ' שחשבו שעזב ה, כ שבאו לטעות גדולה יותר"ומזה נשתלשל אחובדוגמת . רק בהם' והנהגת הארץ תלוי, הארץ בידי הכוכבים ומזלות

נהיג דהגם שזה שבכחם לה, מלך שמינה שרים להנהיג את המדינהלאחרי , מ"מ, את המדינה הוא מפני שהמלך מינה אותם על זה

ואין המלך מתערב בזה , י השרים"הנהגת המדינה היא ע, שנתמנו (.בשביל צורך גדול, מלבד לפרקים רחוקים)

The subsequent generations thought that “Hashem abandoned the

earth” in the hands of these forces, and therefore the control of the

world was entirely up to them. This can be compared to a king who

left the country and placed his ministers in charge. Even though their

authority ultimately comes from the fact that the king appointed

them to their positions, once they are appointed to the positions they

have almost complete control and the king rarely gets involved.

Parenthetically, the Rebbe explains that the term “the G-d of g-ds”

(used by idol worshippers) includes the mistakes of both generations:

בשם אלקא ' דזה שאומות העולם קוראין אותו ית, ומרויש ל]' שגם אלו שחושבים שעזב ה. נכללים בזה שני הסוגים 22דאלקייא

דנוסף , דאלקייא אלקא בשם' מ קוראין אותו ית"את הארץ בידי הכומ "הנה גם בזה גופא שהכו, גבוה מהם ושליט עליהם' שהוא ית לזה

היינו שיש להם כח להנהיג את הארץ (, לדעתם" )אלקייא"הם ה נתן להם כח "הוא לא מצד עצמם אלא מפני שהקב, ולהשפיע בה

בדוגמת שרי המלך שמנהיגים את המדינה מפני שהמלך , על זה .מינה אותם על זה

Even though the later generation thought that “Hashem abandoned

the earth,” they still realized that Hashem is superior to the other

forces, and the power of these forces is derived from the fact that

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11 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

Hashem “appointed them to their position” – just like the analogy of

the king who left the country. Therefore, they still referred to

Hashem as the “G-d of g-ds.” [This shows us that they knew that He

was the G-d of g-ds” – they still recognized Hashem. In the next

explanation, the Rebbe shows how even the first generation

considered these other forces as “g-ds.”]

מ הוא "י הכו"ה ע"גם הטעות שהשפע שנשפע מהקב, ולאידךכי גם זה שיכולים ,דאלקייא ( באלקא23בדקות)בבחירתם נכלל

ושלילת , אלקייא, ע של שליטה"הו( להשפיע או לאו)ות כרצונם לעשי הידיעה שכל "בתכלית הוא דוקא ע 24הענין דאלקים אחרים

[.הממוצעים הם רק כגרזן ביד החוצב

Also, the first generation (who thought that the forces they

worshipped had free choice regarding whether or not to pass on

Hashem’s influence to the world) referred to Hashem as the “G-d of

g-ds” because the fact that they attributed any type of control to

these other forces meant that they considered them g-ds. The true

recognition that there are no other g-ds is by knowing that any

intermediary is only an “axe in the hand of the woodchopper” and

has no free will at all. [End of parenthetical statement.]

Based on this historical background of idol worship, the Rebbe

proposes an explanation to why someone needs to be “wise” to

choose the king:

אפשר לבאר פקחותו של זה שאמר אנא נסיב מלכא ' ז הי"ועפדזה שישראל יודעים את האמת שכל הממוצעים שעל (, בהנמשל)

הוא מצד גודל הדעת , ההשפעה הם רק כגרזן ביד החוצבידם באה דזה 25שהרי בחיצוניות נראה. שהם רואים את הפנימיות, שלהם

הוא מפני שיש בהם מעלה שמצד זה הם , מ"י הכו"שההשפעה היא עוזה שישראל יודעים שהם רק כגרזן ביד , להיות ממוצעיםראויים

.החוצב הוא מצד גודל הדעת שלהם

Proposed Answer to Question 3:

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12 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

Seemingly, we could explain that the Jews must be “wise” in order to

choose the King (Hashem) and recognize that all other forces of

nature are only “an axe in the hands of the woodchopper” because

wisdom is required to see beyond the superficial appearance of the

world.

From a superficial perspective, the forces of nature are very powerful

and it could seem logical that Hashem gave them independent

control because of their powerful capabilities. The fact that the Jews

are able to look deeper and realize that Hashem is truly the only one

in control shows their great wisdom in “choosing the King.”

However, the Rebbe rejects this answer:

אף , שהמדרש מביא משל על זה ממלך ודוכסיןמזה אמנם( דשלכן מסתבר לומר שהבחירה , הדוכסין הם בעלי בחירה, שבהמשל

יכולה לגרום שישפיעו יותר לאלו ( אנא נסיב דוכסין)בהדוכסין , מ אינה מועלת כלל"שהעבודה להכו, ודלא כבהנמשל]שבחרו בהם

סיב שזה שהפקח אמר אנא נ, מובן[, מאחר שאינם בעלי בחירהמלכא הוא מפני שעבודת המלך היא חשובה אצלו יותר מהתועלת

.י השרים"לו ע' שיהי( ההשפעה)

According to the proposed answer, the other nations mistakenly

choose to worship the intermediary (rather than Hashem Himself) –

and this choice is both incorrect and completely useless to them.

Since Hashem is in exclusive control and all other forces are only an

“axe in the hand of the woodchopper,” davening to the axe doesn’t

have any benefit to the worshipper.

Despite the fact that this is correct, it doesn’t seem to be what the

Midrash is trying to teach us. The Midrash uses the analogy of

someone who chose the king’s ministers rather than the king – which

could result in a greater benefit to the one who makes such a choice

because the ministers do have free choice. (For example, he may

have a better relationship with the minister than he has with the king,

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13 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

or the minister could be more involved in the day-to-day activites that

the person wants to benefit from.) From the fact that the Midrash

chooses this analogy – even though it doesn’t match the analog (the

forces of nature do not have free choice) – we see that the Midrash is

specifically focusing on this point.

In this analogy we see that the wisdom in choosing the king was that

that serving the king himself was more valuable to the wise man

than any additional benefit he could receive from serving a minister.

The Rebbe explains the implications of the lesson from the Midrash:

ע עובדין לחמה "דעיקר הטעם על זה שאוה, ומזה מובן גם בהנמשללא מפני )הוא , ה"אלא להקב וישראל אינם עובדין' וללבנה וכו

מ הם בעלי בחירה וישראל יודעים את האמת "ע טועים שהכו"שאוההעיקר אצלם הוא , ע"מפני שאוה( אלא, שהם רק כגרזן ביד החוצב

.26ואצל ישראל העיקר הוא לעבוד את המלך, שיקבלו ההשפעה

In the answer that the Rebbe originally proposed, the other nations

served the forces of nature because of a philosophical error – they

thought that these forces actually had free choice. However, the fact

that the Midrash used an analogy where the one who chooses the

minister might actually receive greater benefit shows us that the

main reason why the other nations choose to worship the forces of

nature is for their own personal gain.

Therefore, the “wisdom” of the Jews is that they choose Hashem (the

King) because they prioritize the opportunity to serve Hashem over

their own personal gain.

[Editor’s note: This explanation does not negate the validity of the

assumptions in the original answer the Rebbe proposed. It is true

that the other forces of nature don’t have free choice (original

answer), but this point isn’t the focus and lesson of this Midrash.]

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14 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

The Rebbe now explains two types of personal gain that the nations

of the world have from serving the forces of nature:

כמבואר )מ הוא "דעיקר הטעם על זה שעבדו לכו, והענין הואולהיות , ל בביטול"(, כי בכדי לקבל השפעה מהקדושה צ27בהדרושים

שבכדי לקבל , מ"לכן עבדו להכו, שלא רצו לבטל את עצמםדרוח מסאבא 28וכדאיתא בזהר, ההשפעה מהם אין צריך לביטול

, אשר נאכל במצרים חנם 29ש"כמ, אזדמן תדיר במגנא ובריקנייא .היא חנם( מצרים)ז "דההשפעה מלעו

The main reason why the other nations worship the forces of nature

is because it’s easier than serving Hashem. In order to receive G-dly

influence (physical or spiritual benefits) from the side of holiness one

needs to have bittul – negation of one’s own independence and

submission to Hashem’s will. [This is because holiness is only

present in a “place” that recognizes the truth of Hashem’s unity – that

there is nothing other than Him.] Since a person is naturally self-

centered, achieving bittul takes hard work and forgoes personal

benefit.

However, receiving influence from the side of unholiness doesn’t

require bittul. [Since the side of unholiness is defined by the fact that

it expresses itself as an independent entity and doesn’t express

Hashem’s unity, therefore one does not need to have bittul in order

to receive its influence.] As it says in the Zohar, “The spirit of impurity

is always found in people that are undeserving and empty [of any

redeeming qualities].”

This is also the meaning of the Jews’ complaint that they missed the

fish “אשר נאכל במצרים חנם” (that we ate for free in Egypt). When

they were “in Egypt” (receiving their influence from the forces of

impurity) they received it “for free” (without the obligation of having

bittul to Hashem).

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15 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

The Rebbe adds an additional type of personal gain that can be

obtained by serving the forces of nature:

כי גם ההשפעה ,30מ"ועוד טעם על זה שרצו לקבל השפעתם מהכודמכיון שיניקת . היא גדולה יותר( מ"י הכו"הנמשכת ע)עצמה

עה משם שההשפ, א הוא מהמקיף שלמעלה מהשתלשלות"הסט .31הרי ההשפעה היא בריבוי גדול, פ חשבון"היא שלא ע

An additional reason why the other nations worship the forces of

nature is because it can be more personally beneficial (from a

selfish perspective). Chassidus explains that holy influence is only

given according to the effort and the merit of the recipient. On the

other hand, the sitra achra (the “other side” – the side of impurity)

receives from the level of makif which is higher than the natural order

of creation. Since it is higher than “order,” its influence is not

“calculated” and can therefore be received in a much greater intensity

without regard to the merits and effort of the recipient.

Based on this explanation, the Rebbe provides a new answer to

question three (Why does the Midrash say that the man who chose

the king was wise?):

ומזה מובן גודל השבח והפקחות דישראל שאינם עובדין אלא וגם אז , דהגם שבכדי לקבל מהקדושה צריך לעבודה ויגיעה, ה"להקב

, במדידה והגבלה לפי מדת העבודה( מלכתחילה)ההשפעה היא אף שגם ישראל ( ]בגשמיות)הם מוותרים על ריבוי השפע , מ"מ

ולא עוד אלא שהם נוטלים ,32ז"שפע מלעו( לפי שעה)יכולים לקבל וחביב להם יותר ההשפעה [ מ הם מוותרים על זה"מ ,33חלק בראש

.המצומצמת שנמשכת מהקדושה

Answer to Question Three:

Even though serving Hashem is more difficult (it requires the hard

work of bittul) and has less material benefit (because the G-dly

influence is calculated according to the merit of the recipient),

nevertheless the Jews forego the easy and enjoyable path in order to

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16 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

serve the King and receive their influence from the side of holiness.

This choice takes true wisdom.

The Rebbe parenthetically adds that a Jew can temporarily receive an

even greater influence from the sitra achra than a non-Jew. This is

because the existence of the sitra achra is ultimately dependent on

the side of holiness, and it can only receive its energy from the side of

holiness as a result of a Jew’s negative actions. Therefore, “since the

Jew was the one to draw down the energy to the sitra achra, he

receives the greatest portion” (see footnote 33). Even though the Jew

could potentially (temporarily) gain the most from a choice that goes

against Hashem, he nevertheless uses his wisdom to “choose the

King.”

The Rebbe now returns to question four:

Why does the Midrash say that the king was greater because his

position is permanent if a king is essentially greater than the rest of

the nation?

הוא ( לזה שבוחר בהמלך ולא בהשרים)ם של הפקח הטע והנה( האפשר לומר ' ולכאורה הי. מפני דכולהו מתחלפין ומלכא לא מתחלף

עם היותה בריבוי יותר )ז "שההשפעה הבאה מלעו, הכוונה בזהכי . הוא דבר המתחלף שאין לו קיום( מההשפעה הבאה מהקדושה

שמזה הוא )כשיתבררו הניצוצות שנפלו בקליפות , לאחרי הבירורשגם , ש בנוגע לישראל". ]ומכ35לגמרי 34יתבטלו( החיות שלהם

הוא רק לפי , ז"זה שישראל יכולים לקבל חיות מהלעו, עכשיו [.32שעה

Our question was based on the assumption that the phrase “all the

others will not always remain in their positions – but the king will

always remain in his position” is a quantitative comparison. This

would imply that the king is greater because his rule is quantatively

longer than his ministers. Therefore, we asked why the Midrash is

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17 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

using a quantative reason for choosing the king when there is a

more compelling qualitative reason for choosing the king.

However, we could also explain the description of the permanence of

the king’s role as an indicator of the quality of his level. In other

words, because the king is of higher quality, therefore this is

expressed through the fact that his role is permanent.

In the analog, this would correspond to the quality of the influence

from the side of holiness vs. the influence from the sitra achra as

seen in their permanence. Even though the influence from the sitra

achra is quantitatively greater, it does not have permanence.

The reason that the influence from the sitra achra is impermanent is

because the existence of the sitra achra is dependent on receiving

energy from the side of holiness. Therefore, when the “refinement of

the sparks of holiness” (the process of separating the holiness from

the sitra achra through the performance of mitzvos in the physical

world) is complete in the times of Moshiach, the sitra achra will cease

to exist. In other words, the sitra achra will “not always remain in its

position.” We see from this that the sitra achra is qualitatively worse

than the side of holiness (it has no true existence).

Parenthetically, the Rebbe adds that – for a Jew – the influence that is

received from the sitra achra is only temporary even before the

refinement of the sparks is completed. This is because the Jew’s true

source is from holiness, and a Jew ultimately will only receive his

influence from the side of holiness. For example, if (G-d forbid) a Jew

would keep his store open on Shabbos, it is possible that he would be

more successful than a competing store owned by a non-Jew.

However, there is not any true good that will ever result from this

profit because it is not from the side of holiness and therefore

fundamentally incompatible with the Jew’s true nature.

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18 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

So far, the Rebbe has explained that the advantage of receiving

from the sitra achra is only temporary. Now, the Rebbe continues

to explain that the disadvantage of receiving from holiness is also

temporary:

דזה שההשפעה הבאה מהקדושה היא במדידה , וכן הוא לאידך גיסאאבל לאחרי שיתגלה השרש דבחינת , הוא רק עכשיו, והגבלה

' ההשפעה מהקדושה תהי, ששרשו הוא מפנימיות המקיף, הפנימיותהשייך גם )בריבוי גדול יותר מהריבוי שנשפע מחיצוניות המקיף

אם לעוברי רצונו כך לעושי רצונו 36ל"ר רזכמאמ(, להשפיע בקליפות .על אחת כמה וכמה

Earlier, we explained that in the analogy the “wise” man who chose

the king was foregoing any benefit that he might receive from

choosing one of the ministers instead. In the analog, a Jew foregoes

the potential greater influence that he could receive from the sitra

achra in order to serve Hashem.

However, this “disadvantage” (because the influence from holiness is

only given according to the merits of the receiver) is also temporary.

When the refinement of the sparks is completed in the times of

Moshiach, this will also reveal the fact that the source of pnimius (the

approach of holiness, which only gives according to the merit of the

recipient) is from pnimius ha’makif (the deeper level of makif), which is

higher than chitzonius ha’makif (the source for the sitra achra). In

other words, while the superficial purpose of the makkif (chitzonius

ha’makif) is to give energy to the sitra achra, the ultimate purpose of

the makif (pnimius ha’makif) is to reveal an even greater level of

holiness through the refinement of the sparks hidden in the sitra

achra.

Therefore, in the times of Moshiach the influence from the level of

holiness will be even greater (then) than the influence from the sitra

achra (now). This is the meaning of the statement of the Gemara, “if

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19 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

the ones who transgress Hashem’s will get such good benefit, then

the ones who fulfill Hashem’s will must get even greater benefit!”

Based on this, the Rebbe provides (and rejects) an explanation for

the rationale of the wise man:

גם בחירתו של הפקח בהמלך , דלפי זה, ביאור זה אינו מספיק, אבלוהחילוק בינו ובין אלו שבחרו , ז"לו עי' הוא בשביל ההשפעה שתהי

והפקח , הוא שהם חושבים רק במצב ההוה'( וכסין וכוד)בהשרים .איזהו חכם הרואה את הנולד 37ל"ד מארז"ע, בעתיד' חושב מה שיהי

Proposed Answer to Question 4:

Based on the explanation above, the rationale of the wise man (“the

king’s role is permanent”) means that the Jew chooses the king

because, as a result, he will eventually receive the greatest personal

benefit from this choice. Whereas someone who chooses the sitra

achra receives a temporarily large benefit which will disappear in the

future, the Jew chooses Hashem because his eventual benefit will be

both permanent and even greater than the temporary benefit

offered by the sitra achra. In other words, the wise man is foregoing

immediate gratification and taking the long-term view to maximize

his own personal benefit.

However, this explanation doesn’t fit with the reason provided by the

Midrash:

ה "דזה שישראל אין עובדין אלא להקב, אבל מזה שאומר במדרשדזה שהפקח בוחר , מוכח, אמרה נפשי' הוא מפני כי חלקי הוי

. 38אלא מצד המלך, לו מזה' בהמלך הוא לא מפני התועלת שיהי

The end of the Midrash explained the analog by saying “Some of the

nations of the world worship the sun, others the moon; some

worship the trees and some worship stones – but the Jews only

worship Hashem. This is the meaning of the possuk, ‘Hashem is my

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20 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

portion,’ says the soul.” From this we see that the wise man didn’t

choose the king because of any personal benefit (even a long-term

benefit). Rather, the Jews choose Hashem because “Hashem is my

portion” – because of Hashem, not because of their own benefit.

The Rebbe explains:

אף שעכשיו ריבוי ההשפעה , ה"והיינו דזה שישראל בוחרים בהקבההשפעה לעושי רצונו ' כ תהי"לא מפני שאח)ברי רצונו הוא היא לעו

מפני שההשפעה לעושי רצונו היא מפנימיות ( אלא, גדולה יותרוההשפעה לעוברי רצונו היא כמאן דשדי , וחפצו האמיתי' רצונו ית

ולכן רוצים הם דוקא בההשפעה ,39בתר כתפוי לשונאו שלא ברצונולהיותה נמשכת , עם היותה השפעה מצומצמת, לעושי רצונו

'.מפנימיות רצונו ית

The Jew doesn’t choose to serve Hashem (instead of receiving more

short-term personal benefit from transgressing His will) because he

will have greater benefit in the long-term. Rather, a Jew serves

Hashem because Hashem’s ultimate desire is for the Jews to serve

Him. Therefore, even though the Jew receives less influence, the

influence which he does receive is from Hashem’s ultimate desire.

This is not the case with the influence given to those who transgress

Hashem’s will; Hashem provides them with G-dly influence “like

someone who tosses a piece of meat over his shoulder to his enemy”

– He is “forced” to give them benefits in order to enable free choice,

but His gift has no correlation with His desire for their actions. [If

only people who did Hashem’s will got physical blessings, it would be

immediately clear that Hashem’s path was the only true path and

free choice wouldn’t be possible.]

In short, the Jew serves Hashem because Hashem wants the Jew to

choose Him – and not because of any (short- or long-term) personal

benefit.

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21 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

If this is the case, why did the Midrash say that the reason for the

wise man’s choice was “because all the others will not always remain

in their positions – but the king will always remain in his position”?

This seems to imply that the wise man is making his choice for the

sake of long-term benefit!

דמזה שהם ,40הכוונה בזה היא', ומה שאומר דכולהו מתחלפין כווזה שיש . יאות אמיתיתכ מוכח שגם עכשיו אינם מצ"מתחלפין אח

ו "הוא לא מצד עצמם ח, ע"ח ולאוה"בהם חיות להשפיע חיות לבעומכיון שהחיות דקדושה שבהם ,41אלא מפני שהם יונקים מהקדושה

הרי מצד (, נת גלות בתוכםואדרבא הוא בבחי)אינו מתאחד עמהם ז הוא גם אלו שמקבלים השפעת ". ]ועד42מהותם הם בחינת מות

דזה שרשעים בחייהם קרויים ,43כמבואר בתניא, החיות מהם [. הוא מפני שחייהם נמשכים ממקום המות והטומאה 44מתים

When the wise man says that “all the others will not always remain in

their positions,” this means “since the others don’t have a

permanent position, therefore even now they are not a true

existence.” In other words, since Hashem is a true existence,

therefore He is eternal – and the fact that the others are not eternal

shows that they are not a true existence!

True, the sitra achra is able to provide life force for the existence of

animals and the nations of the world, but this life force is not its

own. As explained above, the sitra achra receives its life force from

the side of holiness (through the actions of the Jews).

Furthermore, even at the moment that the sitra achra is receiving life

force from holiness, the life force is “exiled” within it (the holiness is

hidden in order to allow for the existence of something that opposes

Hashem’s ultimate will). Therefore, since their “life” is devoid of

holiness, their life is not life – it is death. (This is similar to how Tanya

explains the statement that “even during their lifetime evil people are

called ‘dead.’” Since their life force is drawn down from the sitra

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22 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

achra, which has no life of its own and is truly “death”, those who

receive from the sitra achra are also called “dead.”)

Based on this, we are able to answer question four:

Why does the Midrash say that the king was greater because his

position is permanent if a king is essentially greater than the rest of

the nation?

שאינו רוצה בהשפעה , וזהו אנא נסיב מלכא משום דכולהו מתחלפיןורוצה , טומאה עם היותה השפעה בריבוישנמשכת ממקום המות וה

.דוקא בההשפעה שמצד הקדושה עם היותה השפעה מצומצמת

Answer to Question Four:

The statement “because his role is permanent” is not explaining the

king’s greatness in comparison to the ministers. Rather, it is pointing

out the practical expression of the fact that the king is essentially

greater than the other ministers.

In other words, the comparison of permanence doesn’t have to do

with the future. Rather, it is an indicator of the present:

Because the sitra achra (which includes any form of idol worship)

doesn’t have any true life of its own and will cease to exist when the

true existence of Hashem is revealed which Moshiach comes (its “role

is not permanent”), this shows that even now it is a place of death

and impurity (despite the fact that it can provide even greater

material benefit).

Rather, the Jew only desires the king because “His role is permanent”

– Hashem’s existence is a true existence right now (despite the fact

that it provides less material benefit).

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23 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

In the next section, the Rebbe will continue to analyze this Midrash

and will focus on the source for the wise man’s choice – is it a logical

choice, or something deeper?

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24 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

Section Two

The first section of the ma’amar started with the analysis of a Midrash

that explained the significance of the korbanos of the nasi from the

tribe of Asher (which was brought on Yud Alef Nissan, the day of the

Rebbe’s birthday). This led us to our first question: If the name

“Asher” represents how the Jews are praiseworthy for choosing

Hashem to be their G-d, why does the Midrash say that Asher

brought his korban because Hashem chose the Jews to be His

people?

Additionally, we asked how it’s possible to say that we “chose”

Hashem or Hashem “chose” the Jews. Choice applies when two

things are equal (and therefore not logically comparable), and we

surely can’t say that Hashem is equal to (lehavdil) other “g-ds” or Jews

are comparable to (lehavdil) other nations.

In order to answer these questions the Rebbe brought another

Midrash that deals with the issue of “choosing” Hashem to be our G-

d. The Midrash gave an analogy in which people chose the king’s

ministers for leadership and protection, but one “wise” man chose

the king.

This brought us to our third question: Why does one need to be

“wise” in order to choose the king? Everyone knows that the king is

superior to his ministers?

Furthermore, the wise man provided a reason for why the king is

greater: “I will take the king, because all the others will not always

remain in their positions – but the king will always remain in his

position!” However, this doesn’t seem to be the true reason to

choose the king. The king is not greater because his position is

permanent; the king is essentially greater than the rest of the

nation!

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25 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

In order to answer these questions the Rebbe explained that when a

Jew chooses to serve Hashem he takes the more difficult path; in

order to connect to kedusha one needs to have bittul (which takes

hard work to rid oneself of his natural ego) and one gets less

influence from above (because the influence of kedusha is calculated

according to the merits of the recipient). On the other hand,

transgressing Hashem’s will (G-d forbid) allows one to indulge in his

own ego and receive from the makif of unholiness (which doesn’t

calculate the influence based on the merit of the recipient).

Because choosing to forego the easier and more personally beneficial

path and instead dedicating one’s efforts to the service of Hashem

requires deep understanding and personal restraint, the Midrash

called this person “wise”. (Answer to question three.) He does this

because Hashem is the only true existence (“His role is permanent”),

whereas the sitra achra doesn’t have any true life of its own and will

cease to exist when Moshiach comes (“their role is not permanent”).

(Answer to question four.)

In this section, the Rebbe will explain the origin of the fact that the

Jew “chooses” Hashem.

גם לביאור זה שבחירת הפקח בהמלך , דלכאורה, הביןל וצריך( ושלכן , ד מעלת המלךלו מזה אלא מצ' היא לא מצד התועלת שיהי

בחירתו בהמלך היא , הוא מוותר על ריבוי ההשפעה הבאה על ידםדמכיון שכולהו מתחלפין ומלכא לא מתחלף ראוי ,45מצד השכל

י השרים ולבחור בההשפעה "על ריבוי ההשפעה הבאה ע 46לוותראנא )ומזה שמקשר במדרש ענין זה , המצומצמת שבאה מהמלך

דזה שישראל , משמע ,אמרה נפשי' עם חלקי הוי( נסיב מלכאשלמעלה '( שהיא חלק הוי)ה הוא מצד הנשמה "בוחרים בהקב

.מהשכל

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26 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

Based on our explaination of why the wise man chooses the king

(why the Jew chooses Hashem), it would seem that this choice is

logical. It makes sense that a person should dedicate himself to

something real and permanent (serving Hashem) rather than

something empty and temporary (serving one’s own desires by

worshipping other g-ds) – even if that means working hard and

having less benefit.

However, the Midrash connects this choice to the possuk, “Hashem is

my portion,’ says my soul.” The soul is a “literal part of Hashem

above” and is higher than logic. If so, why does the Midrash present

the choice as a logical choice (the man who chose the king is “wise”

and he provides a rationale for this logic)?

The Rebbe explains:

כל האדם כמו שהוא מצד עצמו מכריח דש, ונקודת הביאור בזהאף , דזהו שאומות העולם בוחרים בהשרים. לרצות רק בזה שטוב לו

דכולהו מתחלפין ומלכא )שגם הם יכולים להבין שהמלך הוא העיקר אינם רוצים לוותר על התועלת , כי להיותם בבחינת יש(, לא מתחלף

.י שיקבלו מהשרים"להם ע' שיהי

On its own, the mind is wired to make self-centered decisions that

maximize personal benefit. Even though the other nations are

capable of logically understanding the fact that serving any existence

except Hashem is empty and temporary, since they do not have the

capability of true bittul (which stems from the G-dly soul) they have

no desire to forego their personal benefit in order to serve the King

Himself.

If the mind is self-centered, how are the Jews able to logically choose

the King, even though this leads to less personal benefit?

וזה שבישראל ישנה ההכרה שצריך לוותר על התועלת והמציאות שבחירתה '( חלק הוי) 47הוא מצד הנשמה, שלהם ולבחור באלקות

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27 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

דבחירה זו היא לא )למעלה מהשכל בחירה עצמית ש באלקות היאוזה (, אלא מצד העצמות, שמלכא לא מתחלף, מצד העילוי דאלקות

שגם השכל מכיר דמכיון שאלקות הוא האמת ,48פועל על שכלםצריך הוא לוותר על (, לא מתחלףמלכא )שחי וקיים בקיום נצחי

.המציאות שלו ולבחור באלקות

Ultimately, the motivation to “choose the King” originates in the soul

(which is above logic), and isn’t based on any reason. The soul

doesn’t choose Hashem because He is eternal – the soul

automatically “chooses” Hashem because it is united with Him

(which is referred to as an “essential choice”). However, this

motivation from the soul impacts the mind of the Jew, overriding its

self-centered nature, and enables it to forego any personal benefit in

order to choose the King.

However, one could ask: If the soul already desires the King, why is it

necessary for this choice to be made logically as well? The Rebbe

explains:

י שהבחירה דהנשמה שלמעלה מהשכל "דע, ש להוסיףי ואולי( זמיתוסף בה עילוי נעלה יותר מכמו שהיא ,נמשכת ופועלת בהשכל

.מצד עצמה

Even though the soul already chooses the King “by default,” this

choice is even more significant when it is expressed in the logical

mind.

In order to explain this, the Rebbe references a ma’amar from the

Mittler Rebbe from the Siddur Im Dach:

[Note that this is a long introduction – the Rebbe does not answer

this question until the 11th chapter of the ma’amar.]

ה עבדים היינו לפרעה "ויובן זה בהקדים המבואר בסידור דשהיא רק בדרך 50בענין ההשפעה הנמשכת לעוברי רצונו ,49במצרים

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28 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

שעושה סעודה 51שהוא בדוגמת מלך ,אגב כמאן דשדי בתר כתפויומשתה בשביל השרים הגדולים ועבדים החשובים ומוציא על זה

ומהשיריים של הסעודה מקבלים גם פחותי הערך כמו , ממון רבועד שגם הכלבים אוכלים את , עבדים ושפחות שאחרי הרחיים

שבטח לא כיון המלך להוציא בשבילם . העצמות שמשליכים למטהשגם השיריים של הסעודה הם )וזה שנשפע להם שיריים , הוצאות

.הוא רק בדרך אגב( הון רב

The Mittler Rebbe explains that the way in which Hashem gives G-dly

influence to those that transgress His will (in order to provide them

with continued existence) is like someone who tosses a piece of meat

over his shoulder. He provides an analogy to explain this in greater

detail:

This can be compared to a king who spends a fortune to make a

banquet for his high-ranking ministers and prestigious servants.

However, even lowly people like ordinary slaves and maidservants

that are “grinding the millstone” benefit from the leftovers from this

banquet. Furthermore, even the dogs benefit from the bones that

are thrown under the table.

However, when the king was spending the money on the feast, surely

he did not intend for these lowly servants and dogs to benefit from

the meal as well. The fact that they nevertheless received

tremendous benefit from the leftovers was merely incidental.

, ז הוא בהנמשל שההשפעה לעוברי רצונו היא רק בדרך אגב"ועד .כמבואר שם בארוכה, כמאן דשדי בתר כתפוי

So too, when Hashem gives G-dly influence to those that transgress

His will it is provided in an “incidental” way, providing them with

indirect benefit that the King doesn’t truly desire.

[Editor’s note: Even though Hashem doesn’t have a desire for them

to receive this influence, it is nevertheless given intentionally

(because everything Hashem does is, obviously, intentional).

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29 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

Chassidus refers to this as Hashem doing something “intentionally

against His own will.” See Tanya Chapter 22 for a detailed discussion

of this topic.]

The Rebbe now examines the analogy of the Mittler Rebbe in greater

detail:

דזה שמביא שני דוגמאות שההשפעה להם היא רק בדרך , ויש לומרושני , עבדים ושפחות וכלבים(, ינם יושבים בשולחן המלךוא)אגב

שרים גדולים ועבדים , דוגמאות באלו שיושבים בשולחן המלך .דרגות בהנמשל' בהתאם לד, הוא, חשובים

In the analogy, the Mittler Rebbe divided the recipients into two

categories, each of which contain two examples:

1. Those that sit at the king’s table (the intended recipients)

a. High-ranking ministers

b. Prestigious servants

2. Those that don’t sit at the king’s table (the incidental

recipients)

a. Ordinary slaves and maidservants

b. Dogs

In the following sections the Rebbe will explain these four levels in

greater detail, starting with the lowest level:

שדרגא הכי תחתונה הם הכלבים שאינם עובדים את המלך ורצונם הכלבים עזי נפש לא 52ש"כמ, עוד ועוד, הוא שיושפע להם גשמיות

. שכלב הוא מלשון כולו לב 53ויש לקשר זה עם הידוע. ידעו שבעהוזה ,54דטבע האדם בתולדתו וטבע יצירתו שהמוח שליט על הלב

דלא רק שהלב שליט על . שהוא בבחינת כלב הוא בקצה ההפכי

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30 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

אות ענינו הוא למל 55ולכן כל. לב כולו אלא יתירה מזו שהוא, המוח .תאות לבו

The lowest level is the dogs. The dogs have no interest in serving the

king – they are only interested in getting more food. This is what the

possuk says, “And the dogs are greedy, they don’t know [what it

means to be] full.”

This is also connected to the explaination that the word “כלב” (dog)

can be interepreted as “ לב כולו ” (all heart). Whereas the nature of a

person is that his mind is able to control his heart, a dog is the exact

opposite. It’s not that its heart controls its mind – it is all heart (its

only capability is to fulfill its own desires). Therefore, its entire focus

is on fulfilling the desires of its heart.

The Rebbe continues to the next level from the analogy:

העבדים והשפחות שאחרי ) 56ולמעלה מזה הם העבדים הפחותיםשהם עובדים את המלך אלא שעבודתם היא רק מצד (, הרחיים

, היפך הרצון והתענוג שלהם(, 57מפני אימת הכאת השבט)ההכרח ג שלהם הוא ומכיון שהרצון והתענו. 58'דעבדא בהפקירא ניחא לי

הוא מפני יראת ' וזה שאינם עוברים על רצונו ית, ז"בתאוות עוה .מחוץ לשולחן המלך מקומם הוא, העונש

Unlike the dogs, the lowly slaves do serve the king – but they only do

it because they are forced to, and fear the consequences of what will

happen if they don’t. Their own desire is to be masterless (a “slave

prefers to be ownerless”) and pursue their desires for material

pleasures. Therefore, since they have no desire to serve the king,

they do not have a place at the king’s table.

The Rebbe moves on to explain those who are at the king’s table,

starting with the third level:

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31 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

. עבודתם את המלך היא ברצון וחשק, כ עבדים החשובים"משאהחילוק בין בן 59כידוע]עבודתם היא מצד קבלת עול דהגם שעיקר

דזה שהבן עושה רצון אביו הוא מפני האהבה וזה שהעבד , לעבדזה גופא הוא ברצון , מ"מ[, ממלא רצון אדונו הוא בדרך קבלת עול

ולכן מקומם הוא . לקבל עליהם עול מלכות שמים שרוצים, וחשק .בשולחן המלך

The prestigious servants have a desire to serve the king. True, they

are servants and accept the yoke of the king’s rule (which is why they

are slaves and not sons – who serve their father out of love), but they

desire and enjoy the acceptance of this yoke. Therefore, since they

want to serve the king they have a seat at the king’s table.

The Rebbe explains the fourth and final level:

שלכן ]שיש להם ידיעה בהנהגת המלוכה , ולמעלה מהם הם השריםוגם יש להם השגה [, כ ענינים בההנהגה מתנהגים על פיהם"כו

ועבודתם היא לא רק , במעלת המלך ומפני זה יש להם אהבה אליו, כ דרגות"ובשרים גופא ישנם כו .מצד קבלת עול אלא גם מצד אהבה

.ושרים גדולים( סתם)שרים . שנחלקות בכללות לשתים

The ministers understand the operations of the kingdom (and are

therefore given many responsibilities within it) and have an

appreciation for the greatness of the king. Therefore, in addition to

their acceptance of the yoke of the king’s rule, they also serve him

out of love.

Even though there are many levels of ministers, they can generally be

divided into two groups: ordinary ministers and high-ranking

ministers. [Editor’s note: The Rebbe uses this subdivision to create

five categories in total: three that are at the king’s table (high-ranking

ministers, ordinary ministers, and prestigious servants) and two who

are not (ordinary servants and dogs).]

The Rebbe now connects these three levels of people who sit at the

king’s table to the three types of people mentioned in the Midrash:

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32 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

, עבדים חשובים]סוגים אלו שנמצאים בשולחן המלך ' דג, ויש לומרדוכסין , הסוגים שבמדרש' הם בהתאם לג[ שרים ושרים גדולים

כלשון המדרש , שנמצאים יחד עם המלך, ואיפרכין ואיסטרטילוטיןבדוגמת עבדים החשובים והשרים שנמצאים בשולחן ", והיו עמו"

.לךהמ

The Midrash (about the wise person choosing the king) said:

“This possuk [“Hashem is my portion,” says my soul”] can be explained

through an analogy of a king who enters a land and his generals,

captains, and military commanders are with him.”

Since the Midrash says that these three levels of ministers were “with

him,” we can connect them to the three levels of ministers “at the

king’s table” from the explanation of the Mittler Rebbe: high-ranking

ministers, ordinary ministers, and prestigious servants.

This understanding leads us to an even deeper interpretation of the

Midrash:

' היא להע' בדוכסין וכו( בפשטות)דהגם שהכוונה , ז יש לומר"ועפזה שמדייק שהדוכסין , מ"מ(, 06כמובא לעיל מהדרושים)שרים דנוגה

שהם יש , שרים' לא רק בהע]הוא בכדי לרמז שמדבר כאן " עמו היו"דוגמת עבדים הפחותים שמקומם הוא מחוץ לשולחן ,61ע"ודבר בפ

–ולמעלה יותר , במלאכים שהם בטלים לאלקותגם [ אלא, המלךשהם תמיד עם ,62בספירות דאצילות שאיהו וחיוהי וגרמוהי חד

.המלך

Even though the simple meaning of the Midrash is comparing the

Jews who worship Hashem to the nations who worship the “seventy

ministers of nogah” (the mechanism through which the seventy

nations are able to receive G-dly influence from the level of makif

without having bittul to Hashem), since the Midrash says that these

ministers were “with him [the king]”, this hints to a deeper

explanation.

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33 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

Since these seventy ministering angels are independent entities that

are not nullified to Hashem (they represent a concealment of G-

dliness), we cannot say that they are “with Him.” Rather, they are

more comparable to the lowly slaves who serve Hashem out of

obligation.

Therefore, on a deeper level the Midrash is also referring to holy

angels who are nullified to Hashem, and even the sefiros of Atzilus,

which are completely united with Hashem. According to this

interpration, the Midrash was saying that the “wise man” chose the

King rather than choosing other G-dly levels (angels and sefiros). The

Rebbe explains:

, מובן עוד יותר גודל פקחותו של זה שאמר אנא נסיב מלכא ז"ועפדנוסף לזה שאינו רוצה לקבל ההשפעה בדוגמת הכלבים וגם לא

הגם שההשפעה שנשפע )כעבדים הפחותים שמחוץ לשולחן המלך אלא שאינו רוצה , ורוצה להיות בשולחן המלך( להם היא בריבוי גדול

אלא (, ספירות דאצילות ולמעלה יותר ,יםמלאכ' )גם בהדוכסין וכו .אנא נסיב מלכא, בהמלך

In addition to the fact that the “wise man” didn’t want to receive his

G-dly influence like those who are “not at the King’s table” (people

who are entirely self-centered like dogs or who only serve the King

because they’re concerned with their personal well-being), he wasn’t

merely satisfied with “being at the King’s table.” The wise man had no

interest in the other ministers who were “at the King’s table” (angels

or sefiros). Instead, the wise man wanted one thing – the King

Himself.

The Rebbe connects this to an explanation of the Ba’al Shem Tov on

the following possuk in Tehillim (102:1):

A prayer for a poor man [referring to the

Jewish people] when he enwraps himself [in

his distress] and pours out his speech before

ל פ י יעטף ת י כ ענ ה לי נ פ ל י ו יחו י ך ש פ ש :י

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34 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

Hashem.

' תפלה לעני כי יעטוף ולפני הוי 64פ"הידועה עה 63ט"וכתורת הבעשישפוך ' שאינו מבקש שום דבר ותפלתו היא שלפני הוי, ישפוך שיחו

.שיחו

The Ba’al Shem Tov interprets the possuk as follows:

“The prayer of a poor man is just to be ‘before Hashem’ and pour out

his speech.”

In other words, the “poor man” doesn’t have any personal requests –

all he wants is to be with Hashem Himself.

The Rebbe explains why this choice requires even greater wisdom:

שבכדי ליכנס להקיטון , ד"ובדוגמת מלך בו. ולזה צריך פקחות גדולהצריך לעבור תחילה דרך , המלךשבו נמצא המלך ולראות את פני

וישנם כאלו , כמה וכמה היכלות שבכל אחד מהם יש הון יקרהם מתענגים מזה בתענוג , שכשרואים את ההון יקר שבהיכל החיצון

. ויש כאלו שמתענגים בהיכל פנימי יותר. נפלא ומתעכבים שםגייט אים ניט אן החשיבות והיוקר של , ודוקא מי שהוא חכם גדול

וכל רצונו ותשוקתו היא , צום הנמצא גם בהיכל הכי פנימיההון ע .ליכנס להקיטון בו נמצא המלך ולראות את פני המלך

The Rebbe explains this through an analogy:

In order to reach a king’s inner chamber where one is able to see the

king’s face, one needs to pass through many other chambers, and

each one of these chambers is filled with tremendous treasures.

There are those who are attracted to these treasures and get caught

up in the initial chambers, and some that get caught up in the

subsequent chambers.

However, only someone who is extremely wise has the foresight to

ignore even the most precious treasures and maintain the exclusive

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35 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

focus on entering the king’s innermost chamber to see the king

himself.

[Editor’s note: The Rebbe does not explain the analogy, but the

message is obvious. A Jew needs to maintain his exclusive focus on

serving the King Himself and not get caught up with even the most

refined and spiritual pleasures of enjoying one’s own feelings of G-dly

inspiriation and experiencing revelations of G-dliness.]

The Rebbe now connects this level of focus and dedication to a

famous phrase that the Alter Rebbe would say:

שענין זה הוא האהבה דמי לי בשמים ועמך לא , לומר ויש( חאיך וויל זע גאר ניסט איך וויל ניט " 66ר הזקן"וכלשון אדמו ,65חפצתיאיך וויל מער ניט אז דיך ' ב כו"ויל ניט דאיין עוהע איך ו"דאיין ג

".אליין

The Alter Rebbe would say the possuk in Tehillim, “For whom do I

have in heaven, and I desired no one with You on earth!” (Dovid

HaMelech is saying that he didn’t choose any other angel in heaven

as his G-d, and since Hashem is his G-d he doesn’t desire anything

else in the material world.)

After mentioning this possuk the Alter Rebbe would say, “I don’t want

anything else. I don’t want Your Gan Eden, I don’t want Your Olam

Ha’ba, I only want You alone!”

ב הם גילויים נעלים "ש הגילויים דעוה"ע ומכ"דהגם שהגילויים שבגהשגה אמיתית באופן , ר הזקן היתה לו השגה בזה"ואדמו, ביותר

ע "לא בהגילויים דגכ אינו רוצה "אעפ ,67שהשכל נתאחד עם המושכל .דיך אליין, וכל רצונו הוא רק בהעצמות, ב"ולא בהגילויים דעוה

Even though Gan Eden and Olam Ha’ba represent extremely high

revelations of G-dliness, and the Alter Rebbe was able to fully

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36 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

appreciate these revelations of G-dliness, nevertheless he had no

desire for them – all he wanted was Hashem Himself.

Above, the Rebbe explained that the “people at the king’s table”

referred to the angels and sefiros. Here, the Rebbe explains that the

main focus is on the sefiros:

' בזה שאינו רוצה בהדוכסין וכודעיקר הפקחות , ויש להוסיף( וגם שלמעלה מהשתלשלות, המדריגות שבסדר ההשתלשלות)

אין מסתירים על ( 68מלשון ספירות ובהירות)דהגם שהספירות , הואנראה בגילוי ( הכלים)פירות י הס"דבההשפעה שנמשכת ע, ס"אוא

ס משפיע על "ו אלא שאוא"שההשפעה היא לא מהספירות עצמם חשעל ידם מתגלה האור , וביותר הוא בהאורות דהספירות ,69ידם

י "שע ,71ש בהמדריגות שלמעלה מאצילות"ומכ ,70שלמעלה מהםאינו רוצה , מ"מ, האור מתגלה כל מה שאפשר להתגלות מהמאור

.אנא נסיב מלכא, הם אלא בהמלךב

The greatest revelation of the wisdom of the “wise man” is that he

doesn’t even choose the revelation of the sefiros (even as they are

revealed above the natural order of creation) and instead only wants

the King Himself. The root of the word “sefiros” means “to shine”

because the sefiros don’t conceal Hashem – rather, it is readily

apparent that the G-dly influence that comes through the sefiros is

not from the sefiros themselves, but from Hashem “shining” through

them.

Since this is the case even regarding the kelim (vessels) of the sefiros

(which are created through Hashem’s infinite ability to limit and

conceal), it is surely true regarding the oros (lights) of the sefiros,

whose sole purpose is to reveal the Source of Light (Hashem

Himself). This light reveals everything that is possible to reveal

from the Source of Light (Hashem) – but the wise man is still not

interested. All he wants is the King Himself.

The Rebbe shows how this concept was hinted to in the words of the

Alter Rebbe:

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37 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

ע "איך וויל ניט דאיין ג"ר הזקן "שזהו גם דיוק לשון אדמו, ויש לומר ,"ע"ג דאיין" ב הם"ע והעוה"דהגם שהג", ב"איך וויל ניט דאיין עוה

ב עצמם הם "ע ודעוה"דנוסף לזה שהגילויים דג", ב"עוה דאיין"גילויים נעלים ביותר מתגלה על ידם כל מה שאפשר להתגלות

דיך , וכל רצונו הוא רק בהעצמות, מ אינו רוצה בהם"מ, מהמאור .אליין

The Alter Rebbe didn’t just say that he doesn’t want Gan Eden or

Olam Ha’ba – he said “I don’t want Your Gan Eden. I don’t want Your

Olam Ha’ba.” In addition to the fact that both of these are

tremendous revelations of G-dliness on their own, they both reveal

everything that is possible to reveal from the Source of Light

(Hashem) – but the Alter Rebbe was not interested. All he wanted

was the King Himself.

In the next section, the Rebbe will connect this more “subtle” mistake

(choosing the ministers who are “with the King” – focusing on G-dly

revelations) to the more serious mistake of choosing to worship the

forces of nature themselves.

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38 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

Section Three

At the beginning of the ma’amar, the Rebbe asked four questions,

two on each Midrash (the first one about the nasi from the tribe of

Asher and the second about the “wise man” who chose the king):

1. If the “only praise of the Jews is that they choose Hashem to

be their G-d”, why does the Midrash say that (because of this

praise) the nasi from the tribe of Asher brought his korban

because Hashem chose the Jews to be His people?

2. How can we say that Hashem “chooses” the Jews or the Jews

“choose” Hashem if there isn’t another viable option? Choice

only applies if there are two equal options, or two different

options with unique advantages – and neither of those seem

to apply here.

3. Why does the Midrash call the man who chose the king

(rather than the King’s ministers) “wise”? Even a child knows

that a king is superior to his servants!

4. If a king is essentially greater than his ministers, why does the

wise man provide a reason? The wise man said he chose the

king because, “The ministers will not always remain in their

position, but the king will always remain in his position”

[Editor’s note: For the benefit of the reader, we have provided a

comprehensive summary of the flow of the previous sections to

enhance comprehension.]

In the first section, we explained that the wise man (the Jew) chooses

the King (Hashem) because he understands that Hashem is the only

true existence (kelipah only exists temporarily in order to enable free

choice, but will disappear when Moshiach comes – it does not

“remain in its position”). Therefore, he chooses to forego the easier

and more personally beneficial path and instead dedicates his efforts

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39 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

to the service of Hashem. This choice takes great wisdom, which is

why the Midrash called the man “wise.” (This answered questions

three and four.)

This also seems to answer part of question two – why “choosing

Hashem” is called a choice (but does not answer how Hashem

choosing us is called a choice). As the Rebbe explained in the

beginning of the ma’amar, the faculty of choice is only used when the

available options are either equal or have unique advantages. When

we asked the question, we assumed that there wasn’t any

advantage to serving anything other than Hashem. However, now

that we know that those who transgress His will receive from the

level of makif and don’t need bittul, we see that the chooser has two

uniquely “beneficial” options:

1. If the goal is to maximize personal benefit, the chooser would

not choose the King. This enables him to receive more

personal benefit because he receives from the makkif and

doesn’t need to have bittul.

2. If the goal is to pursue truth, the chooser would choose the

King.

However, in the second section of the ma’amar the Rebbe points out

that the Midrash associates the wise man’s choice with the possuk,

“’My portion is Hashem!’ says my soul.” Seemingly, the intellect

(without the influence of the soul) is capable of understanding that

pursuing eternal truth is a loftier goal than pursuing temporary

material pleasures. If so, why does the Midrash say that this choice

comes from the soul?

The Rebbe answered this by explaining that the mind (on its own) is

capable of understanding which option is superior, but its actual

decisions are guided by self-interest. Therefore, without the

influence of the soul (which “chooses” Hashem with an “essential

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40 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

choice” because it is united with Him) the mind’s bias would cause a

person to serve his own self-interests rather than choosing Hashem.

Accordingly, the answer to question two would be as follows:

Initially we assumed that “choosing the King” implied that there had

to be two viable options, and nevertheless the Jew (logically) chose

Hashem. We now understand that the Jew “chooses” the King with

an essential “soul” choice – he chooses Hashem because he is

connected to His essence.

However, this seems to imply that the soul chooses Hashem

automatically without the need for intellect. If so, why is the choice

expressed through intellect – the wise man chooses the king

because “his role is permanent?”

In order to answer this question, the Rebbe introduced a deeper

interpretation of the Midrash. The Rebbe expanded the

interpretation of our Midrash to say that “choosing the king” also

excludes the “ministers who are at the king’s table” (malachim and

sefiros), even though they only serve to reveal G-dliness. (They are

“with Him”). This gives us an even greater appreciation of the

wisdom of the wise man (question three) – he “goes through all the

chambers in the king’s palace” and never loses the exclusive focus on

the King Himself.

Finally, the Rebbe connected this focus on Hashem’s essence (and

exclusion of even the highest levels of G-dliness) to the Alter Rebbe’s

famous saying, “I don’t want anything else. I don’t want Your Gan

Eden, I don’t want Your Olam Ha’ba, I only want You alone!” Even

though these levels are “Your Olam Ha’ba” and “Your Gan Eden”

(they only exist in order to reveal G-dliness), the Alter Rebbe only

desired “You alone.”

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41 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

The Rebbe continues:

דפירוש זה באנא נסיב מלכא שאינו רוצה בהדרגות , מרלו ויש( טוהפירוש דאנא נסיב מלכא , שלמעלה אלא בהעצמות( דקדושה)

.שייכים זה לזה(, מ"שאינו עובד להכו)כפשוטו

At the beginning of the ma’amar, we explained that “choosing the

King” means rejecting any type of idolatry. In the previous section,

we added a new explanation that “choosing the King” also means

having a complete focus on Hashem’s essence without any desire for

even the highest G-dly revelations.

In the following sections, the Rebbe will explain how these two

mistakes share a common thread – and how one can lead to the

other.

שהאהבה דמי לי בשמים שאינו רוצה בהגילויים 72פ הידוע"ויובן זה עלו ' ו ויהיע ישאר במציאות"אף שבג, ס"ע אלא בעצמות אוא"דג

כ מצד הגילוי "משא( 73נהנים מזיו השכינה)השגה ותענוג באלקות ע הוא רק "מכיון שהגילוי דג, מ"מ, ס יתבטל ממדריגתו"דעצמות אואהוא , ס"לגבי עצמות אואשבאין ערוך (, השכינה זיו) הארה בלבד

.בוחר בהעיקר ולא בהטפל

In the first part of the ma’amar the Rebbe explained that the Jew

chooses to serve Hashem even though following selfish pursuits

wouldn’t require bittul and would result in more personal benefit

(because unholy influence from makkif is “free” and not based on the

merits of the recipient).

Similarly, the love of “Whom else do I have in Heaven” causes a Jew to

choose Hashem’s essence (rather than G-dly revelation) even though

enjoying the lower revelation of Gan Eden would enable the soul to

receive the “personal benefit” of the “ray of Hashem’s presence”

while still retaining its own “independent” existence (it doesn’t

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42 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

experience the complete bittul caused by the revelation of Hashem’s

essence).

In summary, both “choosing the King” and the love of “Whom else do

I have in heaven” forego personal benefit (influence from makkif,

revelation of Gan Eden) and require bittul (influence is given

according to the merits of the recipient, causes complete bittul of the

soul’s existence).

The Rebbe now explains how focusing on Gan Eden for the sake of

one’s own spiritual pleasure can potentially lead to “choosing the

ministers”:

שהם כלא חשיב לגבי )ע "דכאשר הוא בוחר בהגילויים דג, ומזה מובןבכדי שישאר במציאותו ,74שלו 'בשביל הלגרמי( ס"עצמות אוא

'( י ריבוי השתלשלות וכו"ע)אפשר שיבוא מזה , ויהנה מזיו השכינהשרים היא נמשכת ממקום המות ' י הע"דהגם שיודע שההשפעה שע

ירצה בהשפעה זו יותר מבההשפעה מ "מ(, ל סוף סעיף ה"כנ) .לו שפע בריבוי' בכדי שיהי, שמהקדושה

If a Jew chooses to focus on the revelations of Gan Eden (which are

insignificant in comparison to Hashem’s essence) to increase his own

spiritual benefit (his soul remains an “independent” existence to

enjoy the revelation), it is possible that this same motivation could

eventually lead him to not serve Hashem at all, G-d forbid. Since his

overall approach prioritizes his own personal benefit despite the

fact that he knows that there is something higher (the King Himself),

he could potentially stop serving Hashem to increase his own

personal enjoyment despite the fact that he knows that Hashem is

the only true source of life.

Additionally, focusing on Gan Eden for “philosophical” reasons can

also potentially lead to “choosing the ministers”:

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43 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

שמחשבים אותם מ"ז הוא גם בנוגע להטעות של העובדים לכו"ועדאו שיש להם בחירה , מ עצמם"שההשפעה באה מהכו)למציאות

, ס"ע ולא בעצמות אוא"דמזה שרוצה בהגילויים דג(. פ להשפיע"עכאפשר שיבוא , ותהיינו שהוא נותן חשיבות לענין שמחוץ להעצמ

שיש להם , מ"שיתן חשיבות להכו'( י ריבוי השתלשלות וכו"ע)מזה .ו"ויתירה מזו שההשפעה היא מהם עצמם ח, בחירה בהשפעתם

As explained at the beginning of the ma’amar, the generations that

started to serve the forces of nature initially thought that even

though everything ultimately comes from Hashem, these forces had

free choice regarding whether or not they would pass on this G-dly

influence to the world. Later, this resulted in thinking that “Hashem

abandoned the earth” and gave these forces independent control. In

both of these situations, the idolaters realized that Hashem is the

ultimate source of all power, but mistakenly attributed some level of

importance to the intermediaries that carry out His will.

Similarly, the “philosophical” choice to focus on Gan Eden and other

G-dly revelations (even though one realizes that they are not Hashem

Himself) attributes some level of importance to things that are not

Hashem’s essence. Since both mistakes both share a common cause,

the more “spiritual” error can eventually lead to the much more

serious mistake of serving the forces of nature.

The Rebbe clarifies that this “philosophical” mistake can lead to

“choosing the ministers” even if a Jew is aware that it’s “Your Gan

Eden”:

ה "ע של הקב"ע הוא מפני שהוא ג"דגם כשרצונו בג, ויש להוסיף( מ"להכו)גם אז אפשר שיבוא מזה הטעות שיש להם "(, ע"דאיין ג)"

מכיון , בחירה להשפיע ועד להטעות שההשפעה היא מהם עצמםלא מצד עצמם )פיע הוא שגם לפי טעות זו הכח שיש להם להש

דאיין " בדוגמת) ג"ל ס"ה מינה אותם על זה כנ"מפני שהקב( אלא "(.ע"ג

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44 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

Even if the Jew wants Gan Eden because he realizes that it’s “Your

Gan Eden” (like the statement of the Alter Rebbe), nevertheless this

still resembles the mistake of the idol worshippers. Just like a Jew

could want “Your Gan Eden” (they keep their main focus on Hashem),

so too the early idolaters worshipped “Your forces of nature” (they

also realized that Hashem was the source of all power).

Furthermore, focusing on “Your Gan Eden” could eventually lead to

the more serious mistake of believing that the forces of nature

themselves are the source of influence, because even those

idolaters believed that “Hashem appointed them to their position.”

[However, realizing that it is “Your Gan Eden” makes this case a more

distant comparison to “choosing the ministers” than the earlier

examples which focused on G-dly revelation as an “independent” or

“selfish” goal.]

[Editor’s note: “Serving the forces of nature” does not necessarily

mean that the person will bow down to the sun or the moon. Rather,

it can also mean seeing the natural world (for example, earning

parnosa) as an independent source of one’s needs – and not

recognizing that everything comes exclusively from Hashem.

Similarly, the fact that a person could “not serve Hashem” because of

the pursuit of personal enjoyment doesn’t necessarily mean that he

will become an idolater. Rather, it could mean that he could start to

make compromises in his level of observance in order to lead a more

“enjoyable” material life. (End of editor’s note)]

If even the most subtle spiritual mistakes can lead to such severe

consequences, what should a Jew do to prevent them?

י "הוא ע' תינת מקום לאנא נסיב דוכסין וכושום נ' ובכדי שלא יהי, א מישראל"שזהו בכחו של כאו, פ"מעין ושמץ עכ)שיעורר אצלו

מער ניט אז דיך "א "כ", ע"דאיין ג"שלא לרצות אפילו ( כדלקמן ."אליין

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45 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

In order to eliminate any possibility of making these mistakes, a Jew

needs to maintain an exclusive focus on Hashem’s essence (“You

alone”) and have no interest in even “Your Gan Eden.” (Even though

every Jew can’t achieve this with perfection, later in the ma’amar the

Rebbe will explain how this general approach is within every Jew’s

capability.)

Above, we explained that there are two types of mistakes that one

could make in serving Hashem:

1. The philosophical mistake of thinking that the intermediary

is independently powerful (either in terms of the forces of

nature or (lehavdil) “Your Gan Eden”)

2. The selfish mistake of prioritizing personal pleasure over

bittul (either in terms of receiving from the makkif or (lehavdil)

wanting the spiritual pleasure of Gan Eden)

Here, the Rebbe will explain how these both share the same central

point – and why the Jew is in a unique position to overcome this

error.

הוסיף ביאור בהשייכות דאנא נסיב מלכא להאהבה דמי ל ויש( ד"יומ הוא "בהקדים שעיקר הענין דעבודת כו, ס"לי בשמים שרוצה באוא

דהאמת , מ"הן בנוגע להכו. שחושבים דבר שהוא רק אמצעי לעיקר, שעל ידם נמשכת ההשפעה( גרזן)הוא שאינם אלא אמצעי

והן בנוגע להשפעות הגשמיות , מ חושבים שהם עיקר"והעובדים לכושהשפעת הגשמיות היא בכדי שישתמשו בהם , הנשפעות על ידם

שלכן )ות לעיקר מ מחשבים את הגשמי"והעובדים לכו', לעבודת ה, להם ריבוי שפע גשמי' בכדי שיהי, ז"הם רוצים בההשפעה מהלעו

(.ל סעיף ד"כנ

The fundamental mistake made by those who worship idols is that

their focus is on the intermediary (the forces of nature) rather than

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46 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

the primary thing (Hashem). This case of confused priorities is the

root of their philosophical mistake (they believe that the

intermediary has power) as well as their selfish mistake (they use

material pleasures for their own enjoyment rather than the purpose

they were created for – the service of Hashem).

This same central point applies to the “holy” mistake of focusing on

G-dly revelation (“Your Gan Eden”):

, התכלית הוא לא בהם עצמם, גם הגילויים הכי נעלים, והנה הגילויים. והם רק אמצעי שעל ידם תושלם הכוונה הפנימית דדירה בתחתונים

היינו שמחשיב אותם (, ס"ולא באוא)ה בהגילויים כשרוצ, ולכןמ "הכו)אפשר להיות נתינת מקום שיחשיב גם האמצעים , לעיקר

.לעיקר( והשפע הגשמי

Even the highest G-dly revelations are only “tools” that are used to

accomplish the ultimate goal of creation – making a dirah b’tachtonim

(making the physical world into a “home” for Hashem). [The only

purpose of the G-dly revelations is to give us the inspiration and

strength to overcome the challenges of refining the coarse physical

world.] Therefore, if someone treats these “tools” as the main point,

they make the same fundamental mistake as the idol worshippers –

they confuse the main point with the intermediary. Because these

mistakes share a similar central theme, one can therefore lead to the

other.

The reason why Jews have the potential to have the correct priorities

to “choose the King” and the other nations “choose the ministers” can

be traced back to the sources of their creation:

ע מהן עובדין לחמה ומהן ללבנה וישראל "דזה שאוה, יש לומרז "ועפע הוא מחיצוניות "דאוה כי השרש, הוא, ה"אינן עובדין אלא להקב

והבחינה דחיצוניות (, שרוצה באיזה דבר בשביל ענין אחר)הרצון היא באופן שאין נרגש בה שהרצון ( ע"כמו שהיא מקור לאוה)הרצון

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47 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

ולכן מסתעף , הוא בשביל ענין אחר אלא שזה גופא הוא התכלית .75מ לעיקר"ע מחשבים את הממוצעים דכו"מזה שאוה

Chassidus explains that there are two general types of ratzon (will);

pnimius ha’ratzon and chitzonius ha’ratzon.

Pnimius ha’ratzon (the internal will) means the essential desire

for the ultimate goal.

Chitzonius ha’ratzon (the external will) means the desire for

the intermediary steps that are necessary in order to reach

the ultimate goal.

For example, a city might decide to build a new main road in the

town. However, this doesn’t mean that the city has any interest in

paving or traffic patterns. Building a better road means easier travel,

which could mean that shoppers have better access to stores (so

local businesses make more money) or executives have an easier way

to commute to their jobs (so more highly-paid executives will move

into the area). Money by itself can’t accomplish anything either – so

their ultimate goal is the higher standard of living that comes with

higher incomes in the area.

In this case, the pnimius ha’ratzon is the higher standard of living, and

all the other details are chitzonius ha’ratzon.

The ultimate purpose of creation is for the Jews to refine the world

and create a dirah b’tachtonim for Hashem. The people from the

other nations are part of this plan, but they are not the ultimate

goal. Therefore, we say that the source for the other nations is in

chitzonius ha’ratzon.

However, being part of chitzonius ha’ratzon doesn’t feel like you’re

only accomplishing a small step towards achieving the ultimate goal.

In our example, the construction foreman building the road feels

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48 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

that the ultimate goal is the completion of the new road – and

doesn’t feel like he’s only accomplishing a small part of a greater goal.

Because the other nations come from chitzonius ha’ratzon (which

feels to them like pnimius ha’ratzon, they therefore feel that the

“intermediary” things within their own lives (the forces of nature and

material pleasures) are actually primary.

שמצד פנימיות הרצון אין , והשרש דישראל הוא מפנימיות הרצוןמ הם "ולכן יש לישראל ההכרה שהכו, ת מקום לאיזה ענין אחרנתינ

וכן השפע הגשמי הוא רק בשביל )רק אמצעי כגרזן ביד החוצב .אנא נסיב מלכא, ה"ולכן אינן עובדין אלא להקב'(, עבודת ה

On the other hand, Jews come from pnimius ha’ratzon which only

focuses on the ultimate goal and gives no independent

importance to any intermediary steps – no matter how important

they seem. Therefore, this gives the Jew a natural ability to see that

all the forces of nature are only “an axe in the hand of the

woodchopper” (and that the material world is only a tool for the

service of Hashem), which leads them to have an exclusive focus on

Hashem – I choose the King.

Having explained these concepts, the Rebbe now returns to the

question from chapter seven: Why does this choice (“I choose the

King”) need to be expressed intellectually (the “wise” man) if it’s an

essential choice made by the soul?

ה היא "יש לבאר גם המעלה בזה דבחירת ישראל בהקב ז"ועפ( יאלא רק מצד הרצון דהנשמה שלמעלה מהשכל אלא גם מצד השכל

כי זה שהשרש דישראל הוא בפנימיות המקיף (, ל סעיף ז"כנ)וכידוע דשרש , הם בחינת פנימי הוא מפני שישראל( פנימיות הרצון)

עיקר העילוי דבחירת ישראל , ולכן, הפנימי הוא בפנימיות המקיףנמשך ( מקיף)ה הוא כשהרצון דהנשמה שלמעלה מהשכל "בהקב

ה ז דוקא נמשך מעצם הנשמ"שעי(, פנימי)ופועל גם בהשכל

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49 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

חיצוניות )שלמעלה גם מהרצון שלמעלה מהשכל (, פנימיות המקיף) (.המקיף

As explained above, the Jew’s source is in pnimius ha’makif (referred

to above as “pnimius ha’ratzon” because ratzon is makkif – it’s not

expressed in any specific limb of your body more than another).

Even though pnimius ha’ratzon focuses on the ultimate goal, this

doesn’t mean that it negates the existence of any intermediary.

Rather, it reveals how each thing in existence is only an intermediary

(and not a contradiction) to achieving the ultimate goal. (It reveals

the “pnimius” – ultimate purpose – of each thing.)

Since a Jew is from pnimius ha’makif, this gives him the ability to

reveal the “pnimius” within every aspect of himself (and the world

around him). Therefore, a Jew is able to (and must!) reveal within

himself how his entire being – even his limited intellect – reflects

the reality of “choosing the King.” (In contrast, the perspective of

chitzonius ha’makif would allow the soul to have faith in Hashem

without penetrating every aspect of the Jew’s pnimius.) When a Jew

reveals that every part of his being “chooses” (recognizes) Hashem’s

essence (that there is nothing outside of Him), this also reveals the

essence of the Jew’s soul – which is the essence of every part of the

Jew.

This helps us understand why the Midrash referenced the specific

possuk, “’Hashem is my portion,’ says my soul:”

דחלק (, חלקי דוקא)אמרה נפשי ' חלקי הוי ש"דזהו גם מ, ויש לומרבענין מה טוב חלקנו ומה נעים גורלנו ומה 76כידוע)הוא בחינת פנימי

ה הוא כשהבחירה "והעילוי דבחירת ישראל בהקב(, יפה ירושתנוובאופן שזה פועל , בהבנה והשגה, דהנשמה נמשכת בפנימיות

.ז הוא ההמשכה דפנימיות המקיף"שעי, הבמחשבה דיבור ומעש

The Frierdiker Rebbe explains that the phrase from davening,

“ ומה יפה ירושתנו מה טוב חלקנו ומה נעים גורלנו אשרינו ” (How

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50 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

fortunate are we! How good is our portion, how pleasant is our lot,

and how beautiful our inheritance) refers to three steps in our service

of Hashem. Even though the final step is revealing the essence of our

soul (ומה יפה ירושתנו) which we didn’t earn (it’s an “inheritance”), we

need to reveal it by first working with our limited, revealed abilities

so the essence of the soul is revealed even within (”מה טוב חלקנו“)

our limited abilities (“חלקנו”). We see from here that the term “חלק”

(portion) refers to the Jew’s limited abilities.

Answer to the question posed in chapter seven:

Therefore, the possuk used the combination of “Hashem is my

portion” and “says my soul” to show that the ultimate expression of

the Jew choosing Hashem is when the essential choice of the soul

(“says my soul”) is expressed through his limited intellect (“Hashem is

my portion”). When it is fully expressed through the Jew’s intellect,

this affects his practical thought, speech, and action to show that

every part of the Jew is exclusively focused on “choosing the King” –

which accomplishes the revelation of pnimius ha’makif.

Since this ma’amar was said on the Rebbe’s 69th birthday when the

Rebbe started saying the 70th kapitel of Tehillim (corresponding to the

Rebbe’s 70th year), the Rebbe connects this concept to the first possuk

from his kapitel:

For the conductor; of David, to

make mention.

יר כ הז ד ל דו ח ל נצ :למ

למנצח לדוד 77פ"ש במדרש תהלים עה"שר זה עם מלק ויש( יבלו צאן וכעס עליהם גירש את הצאן והתיר ' משל למלך שהי, להזכיר

אחר זמן כנס הצאן ובנה את הדיר , את הדיר והעביר את הרועהאמר הרועה הרי הצאן מכונסות והדיר בנוי ואני , ולרועה לא הזכיר

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51 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

כי אלקים יושיע ציון 78כך אמר דוד למעלה מן המזמור. איני נזכרוישבו שם וירשוה וזרע עבדיו , הרי הדיר בנוי, ויבנה ערי יהודה

, ואני איני נזכר, הרי הצאן מכונסות, ינחלוה ואוהבי שמו ישכנו בה .לכך למנצח לדוד להזכיר

The Midrash brings an analogy to explain this possuk:

“There was once a king who became angry with his flock and sent

away the sheep, took down the fence around their pen, and fired the

shepherd. A while later [when he calmed down], he brought in the

sheep and put the fence back up, but he did not remember the

shepherd. The shepherd said, “The flock is restored and the pen is

rebuilt, but I am not remembered.”

So too, Dovid HaMelech is reacting to what was written in the

preceding kapitel. It said: “When Hashem saves Zion, and builds the

cities of Yehudah…”, so the sheeps’ pen is rebuilt. Then it says “…and

they dwell there and take possession of it. And the seed of His

servants inherit it, and those who love His name dwell therein,” so

the sheep will be brought in. But I [the shepherd] am not mentioned!

Therefore it says: “Of David, to make mention. Hashem, to save me.”

The Rebbe asks a question on this Midrash:

ולא היו )הרי זה שכנס הצאן לאחרי שכעס עליהם , וצריך להביןולמה לא , הרצון אליהםהוא מפני שנתעורר שוב ( מרוצים לפניו

.וצריך לבקשה מיוחדת על זה, להרועה( מעצמו)הזכיר

If the king sent the sheep away because he was angry with them and

no longer had a desire for them, he must have brought them back in

because his desire for them was reawakened. If his desire was

reawakened for the sheep, why wasn’t it reawakened for the

shepherd – which therefore forced the shepherd to ask on his own?

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52 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

' ואפשר שהמשכת הרצון יהי, דרצון הוא מקיף, והענין הואע השפעה "דרועה הו, נזכר' וזהו שבקש דוד שהרועה יהי. בחיצוניות

וכל זמן שלא ישנה (. החילוק בין רועים לנסיכים 79כידוע)פנימית כי המשכת המקיף עצמו . חסר העיקר(, הרועה)ההשפעה פנימית

.ושרש הפנימי הוא מפנימיות המקיף, היא מחיצוניות המקיף

As explained in the previous section, ratzon (will) is makif. Therefore,

it’s possible for ratzon to be expressed in an external way and not in a

way of pnimius. [Editor’s note: This is similar to how someone might

have emunah (faith), but since emunah is makkif, it’s possible that his

emunah isn’t expressed in a way of pnimius – through his practical

actions.]

In Torah Ohr, the Alter Rebbe explains the difference between “the

seven shepherds” and “the eight anointed ones”, which refer to

different types of tzadikim. The shepherds interact with the Jews in a

way of pnimius (interacting with them according to the needs of each

one), while the “anointed ones” affect them in a way of makif (they

inspires them through their yiras shomayim but do not interact with

them according to their own individual levels).

Based on this explanation that a “shepherd” represents pnimius, the

analogy that the “shepherd was not mentioned” means that

Hashem’s will was awakened for the “sheep” (chitzonius, makif), but

was not yet expressed in a way of pnimius (shepherd). Since the

ultimate purpose of creation is for everything to be expressed in a

way of pnimius, this meant that the main point was missing – there

was a revelation of chitzonius ha’makif, but not pnimius ha’makif.

Our original question on this Midrash was: If his desire was

reawakened for the sheep, why wasn’t it reawakened for the

shepherd – forcing him to submit a special request to be returned?

This answer (that the shepherd represents pnimius) implies that

Hashem’s desire can be reawakened for the Jews without revealing

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53 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

Himself to them in a way of pnimius. The Rebbe challenges this

assumption:

והאיך שייך לומר , והגם שכשהצאן מכונסות נותנים להם כל צרכיהם , שאין להם רועה

How is it possible that the “sheep were gathered in” (Hashem

reawakened His desire for the Jews), which implies that they were

given everything that “sheep” need, and they weren’t given a

shepherd (a revelation in a way of pnimius)?

The Rebbe answers:

,79וד התורהי הרועה הוא לימ"דההמשכה פנימית שע, יש לומרנמצא ,80ומכיון שהתורה דעכשיו היא הבל לגבי תורתו של משיח

(.פנימיות)ין אמיתית הענין דרועה שחסר עדי

Even though Hashem reawakened His desire for the Jews and gave

them everything they needed, the pnimius He gave them was not the

ultimate expression of pnimius. As explained by the Alter Rebbe in

the ma’amar referenced above, the shepherd affects the Jews in a

way of pnimius by teaching them Torah – which they are able to

logically understand, enabling it to enter their pnimius.

However, since the level of Torah that is taught before the coming of

Moshiach is considered as “nothing in comparison to the Torah of

Moshiach,” the teaching of the “pre-Moshiach Torah” isn’t the

ultimate expression of bringing the highest revelation (the Torah of

Moshiach) into pnimius (logical understanding).

According this is explanation, Dovid is requesting a revelation of the

“Torah of Moshiach” in a way of pnimius.

The Rebbe now questions the assumption that this possuk refers to

“pre-Moshiach Torah”:

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54 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

והגם שהמדובר כאן הוא לאחרי שאלקים יושיע ציון ויבנה ערי ,ה העתידהבגאול' שזה יהי' יהודה וגו

The pesukim from the previous kapitel refer to the time “When

Hashem saves Zion, and builds the cities of Yehudah,” which clearly

refers to the times of Moshiach. If so, how is it possible that the

“shepherd was not mentioned” (the ultimate level of the Torah of

Moshiach was not revealed to the Jews in a way of pnimius)?

ס "בגאולה העתידה הוא הגילוי דעצמות אוא' הרי עיקר הגילוי שיהי(, דוד מלכא משיחא)וזו היתה בקשתו של דוד , שלמעלה מהשגה

הבנת והשגת התורה , גם הענין דרועה' שיהי, י בקשתו נעשה זה"וע .בתכלית השלימות

The main revelation of the times of Moshiach will be a revelation of

Hashem’s essence which is above our understanding. [This parallels

the revelation of the soul’s essential choice which is above

understanding.] Dovid HaMelech’s request for Hashem to

“remember the shepherd” was asking for this level (which is

completely above understanding) to be revealed in a way of pnimius

– that we will be able to understand the Torah of Moshiach in a way

of logical understanding – pnimius. [This parallels the way that the

soul’s essential choice is revealed within the logical appreciation of G-

dliness, “the king’s role is permanent.”]

We now return to the original question from the beginning of the

ma’amar:

Question One:

If “the only praise of the Jews is that they choose Hashem to be their

G-d,” why did the nasi from the tribe of Asher bring a korban that

represented how Hashem chose the Jews from among all the

nations?

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55 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

First, the Rebbe explains the connection between Hashem choosing

the Jews and the Jews choosing Him:

ל יש לבאר הקשר והשייכות דבחירת ישראל "כל הנ פ"וע( יגה בישראל להיות "דבחירת הקב, ה בישראל"ה ובחירת הקב"בהקב

ולא שהם )ה הוא בישראל "שרצונו הפנימי דהקב, לו לעם סגולה הוא השרש והנתינת כח לבחירת ישראל(, אמצעי לענין אחר

ה הוא מפני "ל בארוכה דזה שישראל בוחרים בהקב"כנ, ה"בהקב .ששרשם הוא בפנימיות הרצון

The fact that Hashem chose the Jews to be His special nation means

that He has an “essential” desire for them (they are not a means to

accomplishing any other goal – pnimius ha’ratzon). Because the Jews

come from pnimius ha’ratzon, this is what enables them to “choose

Hashem” (overriding their mind’s self-interest and revealing their

soul’s essential desire for Hashem within their intellect – showing that

every part of their being is an intermediary to “choosing the King”).

At the beginning of the ma’amar, the Alter Rebbe writes in Tanya that

Hashem chose the Jew’s physical body. Here, the Rebbe

(parenthetically) explains the significance of this aspect of Hashem’s

choice:

, מזה נמשך להם הכח, דזה שהבחירה בישראל הוא בהגוף, יש לומרו]ז נרגש בהם "שעי, הגילוי דפנימיות הרצון' שגם בענינים הגשמיים יהי

'[.שגם הגשמיות הוא בשביל עבודת ה

The fact that Hashem chose (essentially desired – pnimius ha’ratzon)

the physical body of the Jew gave the Jew the ability to reveal

Hashem’s ultimate will within the physical world and recognize that

the only purpose of the physical world is for it to be used in the

service of Hashem.

The Rebbe now explains why the nasi from the tribe of Asher brought

a korban that represented how Hashem chose the Jews from among

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56 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

all the nations even though the praise of the Jews is that they choose

Hashem:

ז יש לבאר זה שהקרבנות של אשר היו על שם הבחירה שבחר "ועפחרו אף שאין אישורן של ישראל אלא על שב, ה בישראל"הקב

לא זה שיש בהם מצד )כי עיקר העילוי דישראל הוא , ה"בהקבמה שפועלים )ובזה דוקא , י עבודתם"זה שפועלים ע( אלא, למעלה

אלא שבכדי , ה"הוא עיקר הנחת רוח והתענוג דהקב( י עבודתם"עי ההמשכה והגילוי דבחירת "להם הנתינת כח על זה הוא ע' שיהידנוסף . י הקרבנות שהקריב אשר"וגילוי זה נמשך ע, ה בישראל"הקב

י "הנה ע, א מישראל מצד שרשו בפנימיות הרצון"להכח שבכ .נמשך כח זה בגילוי יותר, הקרבנות דאשר

Ultimately, the true praise of the Jews – and the main satisfaction that

Hashem gets from the Jews – is what they accomplish through their

own efforts. This is why it says that “the only praise of the Jews is that

they chose Hashem to be their G-d” – the main accomplishment of

the Jews is revealing their souls’ essential choice for Hashem within

their limited capabilities through their own efforts.

However, their capability to accomplish this (bring the makif into

pnimi) is from the fact that Hashem chose them (Hashem’s ultimate

desire is for the Jews, pnimius ha’ratzon). Even though every Jew

automatically has this potential because he comes from pnimius

ha’ratzon, the nasi of the tribe of Asher brought his korban in order to

accomplish an even greater revelation of this choice.

This ability was brought into an even greater level of revelation

through the Alter Rebbe:

, ר הזקן איך וויל מער ניט אז דיך אליין"אדמוי שאמר "ויש לומר דעא "לכאו( עוד יותר)ניתן הכח , צ"י הצ"ובפרט לאחרי שנתפרסם זה ע

דהגם שיש לו ריבוי , ובפרט לההולכים בעקבותיו ובדרכיו, מישראלשכל הרצונות שלו יהיו בלא לב , ב"ועד לרצונות שמצד נה, רצונות

דירה ' ת העצמות לעשות לו יתלהשלים כוונ' ועיקר רצונו יהי, ולבר הזקן שלא רצה מער ניט "אצל אדמו' ומעין שהי ד"ע) בתחתונים

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57 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

בכדי לעשות את ( בעיקר' )וגם רצונו בגשמיות יהי(, אז דיך אליין .הגשמיות כלי לאלקות

When the Alter Rebbe would say “I only want You alone,” and

especially after the Tzemach Tzedek publicized this, this revealed the

ability for every single Jew to “choose Hashem” to an even greater

degree than before – especially for those who follow in the Alter

Rebbe’s ways.

Despite the fact that a Jew might have many desires (even desires

that come from his animal soul), when he makes his highest priority

achieving Hashem’s essential desire to make a dirah b’tachtonim

(choosing the King) he weakens the intensity of these other desires

by putting them in perspective. Similarly, he is capable of mainly

desiring material things as “tools” for use in the service of Hashem.

Even though every Jew can’t achieve the level of the Alter Rebbe

completely, he is able to primarily adopt the Alter Rebbe’s desire for

“I only want You alone!”

Maintaining this focus on achieving Hashem’s ultimate goal for

creation “motivates” Hashem to give us more of the physical things

we need:

ר "כמאמר אדמו, ז יומשך לו גם ריבוי השפעה בגשמיות"ועיאז דער אויבערשטער גיט אידן גשמיות און אידן מאכן פון די 81הזקן

ה נותן לישראל ריבוי "דכשהקב, דמזה מובן, גשמיות רוחניות, ריבוי בכמות וריבוי באיכות, גשמיות עושים ישראל ריבוי רוחניות

, ה"שמתקשרים ומתאחדים בהקבועד , ועד לתכלית השלימות .82ה כולא חד"וקוב( אורייתא)ישראל

The Alter Rebbe once said (and the Rebbe quotes it in HaYom Yom),

“Hashem gives the Jews gashmius (material things) and the Jews make

them into ruchnius (spirituality).” Therefore, when Jews maintain their

focus on using the physical world for its intended purpose, this

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58 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

“motivates” Hashem to give us all our material needs in order to

accomplish His goal. The more gashmius He gives us, the greater and

better quality ruchnius we are able to produce.

This accomplishment of Hashem’s ultimate purpose reveals our unity

with Hashem Himself, as the Zohar says, “The Jews (the Torah) and

Hashem are one.”

The Rebbe concludes:

וזה , בימי ההכנה לזמן חירותנו, וכל זה נעשה מתוך שמחה וטוב לבבי "גאולה האמיתית והשלימה ע, מביא גם את זמן חירותנו בפועל

.בקרוב ממש, משיח צדקנו

“And all this should be done with joy and gladness of heart during the

[upcoming] days of preparation for the ‘Time of our Freedom’

[Pesach, which is a few days after Yud Alef Nissan, when this ma’amar

was said], and this will bring us to the time of our actual freedom –

the complete and true geula through Moshiach tzidkeinu, may it be

soon!”

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59 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

Footnotes from Original Hebrew Text

ז של "יום הולדת הפ, א ניסן"לקראת יום הבהיר י" ,ט"תשמ –א ניסן "יצא לאור בקונטרס י( *

."ט"ג תשמ"ערב שה . . א"ר שליט"ק אדמו"כ

.עב, נשא ז( 1

.י, ד"ר פי"במדב( 2

.יב, מלאכי ג( 3

.טו, תהלים קמד( 4

.יז, ראה תבוא כו( 5

.ב, ראה יד( 6

שבחרו ")ד "שהוא ע "אלקיו' שה אשרי העם"להעיר גם מזה שמביא שם הפסוק ( 7

."להיות להם לאלקים (ה"בהקב

."מאלקי הנכר הבדלתיו לך"י תבוא שם "ראה פרש( 8

(.א"רע, ע)ט "פמ( 9

.כד, איכה ג( 10

)ג, ח( .פ"ר עה"איכ( 11

ר "ולאדמו( תתרפג' שם ע. תתרעב' ת תבוא ע"אוה)צ "האמרת להצ' ה את הוי"בד( 12

.יא' ס ע"מ תר"סה. רמח ואילך' צ ע"ז להצ"ביאוה(. רצא' ל ע"מ תר"סה)ש "מהר

.ס שם"מ תר"ת ובסה"ה באוה"כ( 13

.תיד' כרך ב עש "שה. ב, ת וירא כרך ד תשסד"ראה אוה( 14

.ב, א ט-שמואל( 15

.ל שם"מ תר"ראה גם סה( 16

וראה לקמן הערה . ז בתחלתו"ע' ם הל"ז רמב"וראה עד. א ואילך, צ ו"צ להצ"ראה סהמ( 17

75.

.יד, ברכה לג( 18

.טו, י' ישעי –הכתוב ' פ ל"ע( 19

ו "ה כל המאריך תרפ"ד(. תיד' ח ע"מ תרע"סה)ג "ח פ"האמרת תרע' ה את הוי"ראה גם ד( 20

(. שכג ואילך' א ע"לעיל ח)ד "ז פ"תשי'ה מים רבים ה"ד(. קנז ואילך' ו ע"מ תרפ"סה)ד "פ

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60 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

כ הטעות שעזב "משא, ז אלא שיתוף"הוא לא ע( משפיעים בבחירתםשהם )שטעות זו , ושם

.ש בארוכה"עיי .ז"ע הוא( דלקמן בפנים)מ "את הארץ בידי הכו' ה

.ב, ק צב"ב( 21

.א, מנחות קי( 22

את הארץ בידי ' ים שעזב ההוא רק באלו החושב "דאלקייא אלקא"ענין , אבל בכללות( 23

.20בהמצויין בהערה כמפורש ,כ הטעות שהם בעלי בחירה"משא, מ"הכו

אלקים תואר " :אלקים אחרים לך' תתקיח בפירוש לא יהי' ת יתרו ע"להעיר מאוה( 24

טיבותא "ד "מ אינם כמו שליח ששייך לתת לו כבוד ע"שהכו, ובהמשך הענין שם". למושל

.אלא כגרזן ביד החוצב'" לשקיי

ותבונה להם ישפטו רק נבראים השפלים שאין דעת "שנז ' ח ע"מ תרע"להעיר מסה( 25

."למראה עיניהם ומחשבים את הממוצעים

שהוא דוגמת , שמדבר שם בענין ההתחכמות בעסק, קלו' ו ע"מ תרפ"להעיר מסה( 26

כל ( "קלז' ע)ובהמשך הענין שם , מ כי חושב שמהם באה ההשפעה"המשתחוה לכו

שלא רק המחשבה , דמזה משמע". כלומר גופו הונו ורכושו, מחשבותיו הם רק לטובת עצמו

.מ"היא דוגמת עבודת כו" רק לטובת עצמו"אלא גם המחשבה , הפרנסה סיבת בנוגע

רצב ' ל שם ע"מ תר"סה. תתרפד' שם ע. ע תתרעב ואילך"ת שם ס"אוה) 12שבהערה ( 27

צ "סהמ. ג, קמב( ח"עם דא)וראה גם סידור (. יא ואילך' ס ע"מ תר"סה. ז שם"ביאוה. ואילך

.מ"ובכ .א ,צ ו"להצ

(.ד, נו)פ אל תבטחו בנדיבים "עה( ח"עם דא)וראה בארוכה סידור . א, ב קכח"ח (28

.חנם מן המצוות: פ"עה( י"הובא בפרש)ולהעיר מספרי . ה, בהעלותך יא (29

(.רמט' ע)צ שם "ז להצ"ה להדיא בביאוה"כ (30

.ב ואילך"פ' קונטרס ומעין מאמר ח(. א, סא)פ בשלח "א ר"ראה בארוכה תו( 31

.ב"א פ"מי. ד"ז פ"מ. בסופו' ראה קונטרס ומעין מאמר ו( 32

.שם' קונטרס ומעין מאמר ז. ו"פת ס"ראה אגה( 33

, הם הקליפות' )ש אל תבטחו בנדיבים גו"דזהו מ, א ואילך"סע, נז( ח"עם דא)ראה סידור ( 34

.אבדו עשתונותיו' גו( בהםח ניצוצין שנפלו "רוח הקדושה מרפ)תצא רוחו ( כי כאשר

. רצד' ל ע"מ תר"סה. תתרפה' שם ע. תתרעד' ת תבוא ע"אוה) 12ראה דרושים שבהערה ( 35

.(יג' ס ע"תר

.ג, א בשלח סא"וראה תו. מכות בסופה' מס. ב"סע, נדרים נ( 36

.א, תמיד לב( 37

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61 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

.ל סעיף ד"כנ( 38

.ואילךב "ב פ"בקונטרס ומעין מ' נת(. ב, כז)ב "תניא פכ( 39

.35ז מובן האריכות והפרטים בהמצויין בהערה "ועפ( 40

(.ב, לז) ט"תניא פכ( 41

.מ"ובכ .ס שם"מ תר"סה. ב שם"תניא פכ( 42

(.ב, כד)ט "א פי"וראה גם תניא ח(. א"סע, צז)ז "ת פ"אגה( 43

.ב ,ברכות יח( 44

.פקח בשם' שנקכמובן גם מזה ( 45

ס ולא "שרוצה בעצמות אוא)שאהבה רבה ( ב, כ)ת תזריע "ולהעיר מלקו. גם מצד השכל( 46

", הטפלשבוחר העיקר ולא ,דעת חזק דכר שהוא' נק( "ז יתבטל ממציאותו"בהזיו אף שעי

שעושה ,שדעתה קלה בשם נקבה' "נק( שרוצה בהזיו בכדי שישאר במציאותו)ואהבה זוטא

.וראה הערה הבאה". שלו' את הטפל עיקר בשביל הלגרמי

דזה שנשמת האדם רוצה לידבק בשרשה (, ת שם"הובא בלקו)ט "להעיר מתניא פי( 47

הוא טבע , אין ואפס ותתבטל שם במציאות לגמרי' ה הגם שתהי"ב חיי החיים 'ומקורה בה

תכלית " )חיי החיים"הוא מפני שהוא ' דהגם שזה שרוצה לידבק בה. שלמעלה מהשכל

טבע שלמעלה הרצון לידבק בשרשו הוא , ז אין ואפס"עי' יהי שהוא מכיון, מ"מ(, העילוי

.מהשכל

ת "ובפרט שבלקו" ]חזק דעת" ת שם שהסיבה לרצון זה הוא"ש בלקו"ואולי יש לומר דמ

כדלקמן , דהרצון שמצד טבע הנשמה פועל על השכל, הכוונה היא –[ גופא מציין לתניא שם

.בפנים

בכח ' לכן יש לו הנטי. . מצד הדביקות שמעצמות הנפש "טז ' ס ע"מ תר"ראה גם סה( 48

."חכמתו להבין את הטוב דאלקות ולבחור בטוב

.ד ואילך"סע, רצג( 49

.ג, ראה שם רצד( 50

צ "סהמ[. ב ואילך, א קכה"א חב –בהוצאה החדשה ]א ואילך , ח שמות קנז"ראה גם תו( 51

.מ"ובכ. בתחלתו' קונטרס ומעין מאמר ז. א, צ עט"להצ

.א ואילך"סע, ג פ"וראה זח. יא, נו' ישעי( 52

.מאורי אור בערכו( 53

(.א, יז)ב "תניא פי(. מ"ברע)א , ג רכד"זח( 54

.לב שכולו מכיון, כל דוקא( 55

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62 א"תשל'ה ניסן א"י

."פחותי העבדים( "א, רצה)ראה סידור שם ( 56

אלא שהביאור שם הוא . קכח ואילך'א' ת משפטים ע"אוה. ב, צ פג"צ להצ"ראה סהמ( 57

.באופן אחר קצת

.א, גיטין יג( 58

.מ"ובכ. ע שח ואילך"ו ס"המשך תרס(. א, נז)א "תניא פמ( 59

.ללבנה ומהן לחמה וכמובן גם מזה שממשיך במדרש מהן עובדין( 60

שהחיות ( ב, קלט)ה "ק סכ"ולהעיר גם מאגה. מ"ובכ. ב ואילך"סע, סידור רפזראה ( 61

."בתוכם גלות 'הוא בבחי"הנמשך להשרים

.בתחלתוכ "ק ס"אגה. מ"ובכ. ב"פ( ע"שער סדר אבי)ח שער מז "ע( 62

.וישלח' אור המאיר פ(. ג, יג)צז ' סי( ת"הוצאת קה)כתר שם טוב ( 63

.א, תהלים קב( 64

.כה, תהלים עג( 65

(.א"סע, קלח)מ "צ פ"הובא בשרש מצות התפלה להצ( 66

(.ב, ט)ה "תניא פ( 67

.מ"ובכ .ואילךב , ת חיי שרה קו"ראה גם אוה( 68

.מ"ובכ(. רה-רד' ע)ו "א פק"ב ח"המשך תער( 69

.ט ואילך"ל פקי"ה המשך הנראה בארוכ( 70

(.רלט' ע)ג "וראה שם פקכ. א ואילך"ל פקכ"ראה בארוכה המשך הנ( 71

.צ שם"שרש מצות התפלה להצ. א ואילך"סע, ת תזריע כ"לקו( 72

.א, ברכות יז( 73

.ת שם"ה הלשון בלקו"כ( 74

לא מפני )מ הוא "שצריך לחלוק כבוד להכודזה שטעו , ז בתחלתו"ע' ם הל"ראה רמב( 75

חלק להם " ה"שהקב מפני( אלא, כמובא לעיל'", טיבותא לשקיי"ד "שצריך להודות להם ע

שהסיבה לטעות זו היא , ואולי יש לומר". ל-רצון הא"הוא ( שיחלקו להם כבוד)ושזה " כבוד

.הפנימינרגש שזהו הרצון ( ע"כמו שהוא מקור לאוה)כי בחיצוניות הרצון

.מ"ובכ. ת"ש'ה אשרנו ה"ראה סד( 76

.*תהלים מזמור ע( 77

.סוף מזמור סט( 78

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63 עשר עשתי ביום ה"ד

.ד ואילך, א מקץ לג"תו( 79

.א, ב"כ שם פ"ועיין ג. ח, א"ר פי"קה( 80

יטל תהלים המתאים למספר שנותיו "ע( * ח "ק מו"מכתב כ)פ המנהג לומר הקאפ

א "צ ח"ר מוהריי"ק אדמו"קודש כ-אגרות .ד אמירת תהלים"נדפס בקובץ מכתבים ע ,ר"אדמו

לומר ( א"תשל)א ניסן שנה זו "התחילו בי –( ואילך 1' א ניסן ע"מ י"סה .ע נג"י ס"ח.לא' ע

.מזמור ע שבתהלים

ת "ש'ה מ"סה(. רסה' ב ע"צ ח"ר מוהריי"ק אדמו"קודש כ-אגרות)כז טבת " היום יום"ראה ( 81

.עח' ע( ו"הוצאת תשמ)

א, ג עג"ראה זח( 82

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ב"ה

לע"נ

הרה"ח הרה"ת אי"א נו"נ עוסק בצ"צ

ע"ה דניאל יצחקר'

בן יבלחט''א ר' אפרים שליט''א

מאסקאוויץ

אדמו"ר זי"עשליח כ"ק

למדינת אילינוי

נלב"ע ב' אדר שני ה'תשע"ד

ת.נ.צ.ב.ה

🙧🙥

DEDICATED IN MEMORY OF

RABBI DANIEL ל"ז MOSCOWITZ

LUBAVITCH CHABAD OF ILLINOIS

REGIONAL DIRECTOR

🙧🙥

המלך מלאכת את ואעשה ואקום ...נהייתי דניאל ואני

AND I, DANIEL ... ROSE AND DID THE KING'S WORK

(DANIEL 8:27)