TICKS

IntroductionKingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:ArthropodaClass:ArachnidaSubclass:AcariSuperorder:ParasitiformesOrder:IxodidaSuperfamily:Ixodoidea

IntroductionTicks major acarine vectors of human diseaseBlood sucking ectoparasite artrophods in mammals, reptil and bird Life cycle incomplete metamorphosis4 stadium egg, larvae, nymph, adult, which the shape of the body is same, but number of leg is different

What do ticks look like?Larvae have 6 legs, andnymphs and adults have 8 legs!There are many different kinds of ticks, and they can be found at different stages of growth. adultadult

Life CycleEgg, Larva, Nymph, Adult Each stage (except egg) requires blood meal for maturationMales & females can biteFemale can infect her eggs with R rickettsii (Transovarial transmission)Males can transmit to females (STD)

IntroductionBased on the number of hospes one host ticks, 2 hosts ticks, 3 hosts ticks and many host ticks

Ticks usually, can be seen by our eyes, have no hair, not transparant, have mouth and teeth

There are 2 types :1. Soft ticks ( Argasidae)2. Hard ticks (Ixodidae)

A Ticks Life Tick EggsLarvaNymph (this one has just eaten, so its big)Adult

Soft ticksMorphologya. Scutellum lackingb. Head not visible from abovec. No obvious sexual differenceex : Ornithodoros sp

Soft tickshide in the cracks and crevices of houses, animal burrows and similar area during daylight hoursAt night feed on host blood and lay eggs

Hard ticksMorphplogy :a. Scutellum presentb. Head visible from abovec. Sexual differences obvious1) Males with large scutum coveringdorsum, 2) Females with small scutum

Sexual differences obviousVery slow feeders- remain attached to the host for long periodsEx : Dermacentor andersoni, Ixodes scapularis

The Role of TicksCan cause the disease to human by : direct transmissionbite of ticks dermatosis, ticks paralysis (ticks has ixovotoxin which influence CNS and neuromuscular junction)2. indirect transmission bite of ticks can transmit other microorganism

How do ticks get the germ?Ticks get the germ by biting and feeding on an animal that has Lyme disease such as a:MouseBirdOther small animal

Ticks can pass the germ on to other animals

Ticks can also pass the germ on to people and pets, making them sick

Common Tick HabitatsTall grassy areas Leaf litterGround coverLow bushes / shrubsNeed moisture to survive

How Do People Get Bitten by Ticks?Ticks do not fly or jump.Ticks grab onto people (or clothes) when they walk through a grassy or wooded area.A tick will then crawl to a feeding spot on the persons skin.

Usually, a tick must bite and stay attached to your skin for at least one day (24 hours) before it can give you Lyme disease.

How can you protect yourself from ticks? Wear long pants tucked into your socks to keep ticks off you.When hiking or walking in grassy areas: Wear long-sleeved shirts and, light colored clothes to make it easier to spot ticks.

Tick Bite PreventionApply repellents to discourage tick attachment. Repellents containing permethrin can be sprayed on boots and clothing, and will last for several days.Repellents containing DEET (n, n-diethyl-m-toluamide) can be applied to the skin, but will last only a few hours before reapplication is necessary.Use DEET with caution on children. Application of large amounts of DEET on children has been associated with adverse reactions.

Tick Bite PreventionCheck yourself for ticks when you return. Most are large enough to be seen easily, but some are tiny, so check carefully on your scalp, behind your ears, under your arms and groin area.

What if you find a tick on you?Tell a grown-upCarefully remove ticks with a pair of fine point tweezers. Wash the bite with soap and water.Do not use gasoline or a match.Do not use Vaseline.

Tick RemovalIf using tweezers, grasp the tick at the place of attachment, as close to the skin as possible. Gently pull the tick straight out.

Tick Removal DontsDo not crush, puncture, or squeeze the tick's body. Do not apply substances such as petroleum jelly, gasoline, lidocaine (Xylocaine), etc., to the tick. Do not apply heat with a match or hot nail. Do not use a twisting or jerking motion to remove the tick. Do not handle the tick with bare hands.

Tick BitesTicks can transmit serious and sometimes deadly diseases to humans, such as:BabesiosisErlichiosisLyme diseaseQ-feverRocky Mountain spotted fever

Tick-borne Diseases BabesiosisBabesia microtiOther Babesia spp. possibly associated with human infection continue to be discovered BorreliosisBorrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease - LD)B. lonestari (Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness - STARI)B. turicatae (Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever - TBRF)Other Borrelia spp./strains possibly associated with human infection continue to be discoveredEhrlichiosisEhrlichia chaffeensisHuman Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (HME)E. ewingii/othersHuman disease/nonspecific

Anaplasma phagocytophilum Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (HGE)Q FeverCoxiella burnetiiRickettsiosisRickettsia rickettsii (RMSF)Other Rickettsia spp. possibly associated with human infection continue to be discovered TularemiaFrancisella tularensis

Affliction - Tick Paralysis

Babesiosis

Protozoan parasite of red blood cells

May be asymptomatic; symptoms include fever, chills, sweating, muscle aches, fatigue, and hemolytic anemia. Symptoms typically occur after an incubation period of 1-4 weeks, and can last several weeks. Disease is more severe in the elderly and immunosuppressed individuals

VectorIxodes scapularis

CDCCDC

Lyme Disease (LD)

Bacterium Borrelia burgdorferiHas a high potential transmission rate.Principal vectorIxodes scapularisSecondary or potential vectors includeOther Ixodes spp.Amblyomma spp.Dermacentor spp. CDCCDC

Clinical ManifestationsEarly Lyme (Days to month after bite)-- Erythema Migrans (Bulls Eye Rash)-- +/- Flu-like symptoms Early Disseminated Lyme / Late Lyme-- Neurologic or cardiac abnormalities-- Musculoskeletal symptoms-- Migratory arthritis

Q FeverRickettsia Coxiella burnetii Cosmopolitan zoonotic disease, reported from various areas throughout the U.S. Primary reservoirs are cattle, sheep and goats. Typically acquired through inhalation of contaminated dust or debris. Ticks not major source of human infection in U.S.Acute febrile disease. There is considerable variation in severity and duration. Some infections may present as fever of unknown origin (FUO).Declared a notifiable disease by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1999; some states consider it not notifiable.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)

RickettsiaRickettsia rickettsiiMost common fatal tick-borne disease in the U.S. Characterized by fever, myalgia, headache and rash. Seasonal outbreaks parallel activity of tick vectors. Delayed diagnosis and treatment are associated with increased risk of severe complications and death. Therapy should be initiated quickly if RMSF suspected, especially in patients presenting with fever, rash and history of tick exposure.

VectorDermacentor variabilisOther ixodids possibly involved.Other Rickettsia spp. have been detected in Amblyomma americanum, A. cajennense, Ixodes scapularis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus.CDC

Affliction - Tick Paralysis Acute, ascending, flaccid motor paralysis caused by a toxin in tick saliva.In 2000, tick paralysis was reported in a young girl. The tick Dermacentor variabilis was found and removed. Within 24 hours, all signs and symptoms had fully resolved. .Affects both humans and other animals throughout the South.Principal tick species causing paralysisDermacentor spp.Other ticks known to cause paralysis Ixodes spp. Amblyomma spp. Rhipicephalus spp.CDC

EhrlichiosisA disease caused by bacteria in the genus Ehrlichia. 2 types have been identified in the U.S.: HME and HGE. Transmitted by the deer tick.

It is considered an acute infection without chronic long-term consequences. The severity of the disease varies from person to person. May be life-threatening or fatal for elderly and others with compromised immune systems.

Larva Nymph Adult

Look at the sizes of deer ticks. Young deer ticks are tiny and grow larger as they become adults. Ticks start off hatching from eggs.

A very young deer tick is called a larva (plural is larvae, pronounced Lahr-Vee) . The larvae are very tiny as small as a period at the end of a sentence. Larvae grow into nymphs which are bigger than the larvae but still tiny - only the size of a poppy seed. The nymphs grow into adults. It takes 2 years for a tick to grow into an adult.

Tick eggs are laid in the spring. Young ticks called larvae hatch from the eggs in the summer. Larvae bite and then feed on the blood of small animals. The larvae may get the germ by biting a mouse that has Lyme disease. If the larvae gets the germ, it will have the germ for the rest of its life. (Not all ticks get the germ.)

The larvae grow into the bigger nymphs in the fall. The nymph usually sleeps or becomes inactive during the fall into the winter. When spring arrives, the nymph can bite people, pets and deer, or more mice. If the nymph has the germ, it can pass the disease or illness onto people and pets.

Nymphs grow into adult ticks in the fall. The adult tick bites and feeds on large animals such as deer. If the adult tick has the bacteria, it can pass it on to humans through a bite. Its much easier to spot an adult tick, and remove it, because the adult ticks are large.

Ticks can get the germ by biting and feeding on mice, birds, and other small animals that have the germ.Not all animals have the germ.Once a tick gets the germ it has it for the rest of its life.

Ticks can pass the germ on to other animals such as mice, birds, chipmunks and deer. These animals carry the germ but are not sick.People and pets can get sick if they get bitten by a tick that carries the germ. Ticks wait on the tips of tall grass, shrubs, and piles of leaves for a person or animal to walk by. The tick grabs onto clothes or fur. Since ticks cannot jump or fly, they will wait for a person or an animal to brush up against them to attach. Once the tick attaches, it will slowly crawl to find a good spot to bite and feed.

Once the tick finds a feeding spot, it must usually be attached for at least one day and up 2 days in order to pass on the germ that causes Lyme disease.

Thats why its so important to remove a tick as soon as you see one on yourself or your pet.Why not gasoline or a match? Because these methods could harm the person.