Kuliah-13,14 Transportasi Fluida.ppt
Transcript of Kuliah-13,14 Transportasi Fluida.ppt
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TRANSPORTASITRANSPORTASI
FLUIDAFLUIDAAnton Rahmadi
THP-Faperta, Unmul
Sumber:
uliah Prin!ip Te"nolo#i Pan#an, TP$%&'''
Dr( Pur)i*atno Hari*adi, S+AFAST enter, IP
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Si!tim pipa
dlm tran!porta!i .luida
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Si!tim pipa
dlm tran!porta!i .luida
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Si!tim pipa
dlm tran!porta!i .luida
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FLUID
D/NA0IS
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DASAR TRANSPORTASI FLUIDADASAR TRANSPORTASI FLUIDA
&( Da!ar perhitun#an tran!porta!i .luida :&( Da!ar perhitun#an tran!porta!i .luida :
((((((((((((((((((((((1 e!etimban#an 0a!!a1 e!etimban#an 0a!!a
((((((((((((((((((((((1 e!etimban#an 0omentum1 e!etimban#an 0omentum
((((((((((((((((((((((1 e!etimban#an +ner#i 2 ernoulli3! +4(1 e!etimban#an +ner#i 2 ernoulli3! +4(
5( Tran!porta!i dalam bentu" .luida5( Tran!porta!i dalam bentu" .luida((((((((((((((((((((((1 pro!e! e.i!ien1 pro!e! e.i!ien((((((((((((((((((((((1 .luidi!a!i1 .luidi!a!i
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+6UATION OF ONTINUIT/ :+6UATION OF ONTINUIT/ : on!er7ation o. ma!! 85on!er7ation o. ma!! 85
on!ider the .lo) o. .luid throu#h a tube o. 7ar*in# 9ro!!-!e9tionon!ider the .lo) o. .luid throu#h a tube o. 7ar*in# 9ro!!-!e9tion
PP55
PP&&
0a!! o. .luid0a!! o. .luid
pa!!in# point Ppa!!in# point P&&
durin# time inter7aldurin# time inter7al ∆t i!:t i!:
tt77AAmm &&&&&& ∆∆==
ρ ρ
δ δ
0a!! o. .luid pa!!in# point P0a!! o. .luid pa!!in# point P55
durin# time inter7aldurin# time inter7al ∆∆∆t i!:t i!:
(( ))tt77AA mm
5555
5555
∆∆==
∆∆==
ρ ρ
ρ ρ δ δ
∆ 55 i! the 7olume o.i! the 7olume o.
.luid that pa!!e! P.luid that pa!!e! P55
durin#durin# ∆tt
AA&&
AA55
∆
olumeolume 2 9ro!!-!e9tional area ;2 9ro!!-!e9tional area ;∆
di!tan9edi!tan9e
2 9ro!!-!e9tional area ; 7elo9it* ;2 9ro!!-!e9tional area ; 7elo9it* ;∆
di!tan9edi!tan9e
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Fluid i! in9ompre!!ibble
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e!etimban#an 0omentume!etimban#an 0omentum
0omentum0omentum 22 ma!a ; "e9epatan aliranma!a ; "e9epatan aliran
00 22 m ; 7m ; 7?2@?2@ "#(m(!"#(m(!-5-5
Lau aliran momentumLau aliran momentum 22 lau aliran ma!a ; "e9epatanlau aliran ma!a ; "e9epatan
?2@?2@
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e!etimban#an +ner#i(e!etimban#an +ner#i(
Per!amaan ernoulliPer!amaan ernoulli
Umum:Umum:
+. +. ))++
hh##ρ
PP+
ρ
ρ
PP::
∆
ener#i poten!ial "arena adan*aener#i poten!ial "arena adan*a∆
PB perb( te"ananPB perb( te"anan
##∆
h :h :∆
ener#i poten!ial "arena adan*aener#i poten!ial "arena adan*a∆
hB perb( ele7a!i%"etin##iahB perb( ele7a!i%"etin##ia
ρ
++ :: ∆ ener#i "ineti" ener#i "ineti"
C: "era pompaC: "era pompa
+.: "ehilan#an ener#i "rn #e!e"an+.: "ehilan#an ener#i "rn #e!e"an
PP55
PP&& AA&&
AA55
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+ner#* term! In7ol7ed in the 0e9hani9al +ner#* alan9e+ner#* term! In7ol7ed in the 0e9hani9al +ner#* alan9e
For Fluid Flo) in a Pipin# S*!tem,For Fluid Flo) in a Pipin# S*!tem,
the .ormula .or 9al9ulatin# them, and their unitthe .ormula .or 9al9ulatin# them, and their unit
+ner#* Term+ner#* Term
• Potential +Potential +
- pre!!ure- pre!!ure- ele7ation- ele7ation
• ineti9 +ineti9 +
• Cor"
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α
22
22
22
Laminar Laminar TurbulenTurbulen
) )
)
22
113333
3355112222
+
+
=
nn
nnnn
α
77&&dd
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++. . ))++
hh##ρ
PP+
ρ
ρ
∆
PP
&&
77ρ
hh&&ρ
PPCC
&&
77ρ
hh55ρ
PP . . &&&&5555EEEEEE22EEEEEE
e!etimban#an +ner#i(e!etimban#an +ner#i(
Per!amaan ernoulliPer!amaan ernoulli
Tahanan "rn #e!e"anTahanan "rn #e!e"an
++.5.5 : tahanan "arena pipa luru!: tahanan "arena pipa luru!++.&.& : tahanan "arena pen*empitan pipa: tahanan "arena pen*empitan pipa
++.>.> : tahanan "arena e"!pan!i pipa: tahanan "arena e"!pan!i pipa
++.G.G : tahanan "arena !ambun#an%.ittin# 7al7e: tahanan "arena !ambun#an%.ittin# 7al7e
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Aliran .luida dalam pipa !elalu dii"uti den#anAliran .luida dalam pipa !elalu dii"uti den#an
penurunan te"anan
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Untu" Fluida Ne)tonian : Per!amaan Po!ieuilleUntu" Fluida Ne)tonian : Per!amaan Po!ieuille
&&DD
77µ
>&>&
LL
∆
PP=
DD
==&&
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Untu" Aliran TurbulenUntu" Aliran Turbulen
San#at dipen#aruhi oleh ReSan#at dipen#aruhi oleh Remm
ρ
22DD
ReRe
Re J &5'' : laminar Re J &5'' : laminar Re 1 &5'' : turbulenRe 1 &5'' : turbulen
Hubun#an Re, "e"a!aranHubun#an Re, "e"a!aran
permu"aan pipa
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R e l a
t i 7 e R o u # h
n e ! ! ,
R e l a
t i 7 e R o u # h
n e ! ! ,
""/D/D
DIA$RA0 0OOD/DIA$RA0 0OOD/
F a 9 t o r $ e
! e " a n ,
.
F a 9 t o r $ e
! e " a n ,
. 5%Re,
tida" dipen#aruhi oleh "e"a!aran pipa
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+ASARAN R+LATIF+ASARAN R+LATIF
e"a!aran Relati. 2 "%De"a!aran Relati. 2 "%D
" 2 "e"a!aran permu"aan pipa ba#ian dalam" 2 "e"a!aran permu"aan pipa ba#ian dalam
D 2 diameter dalam pipaD 2 diameter dalam pipa
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Ne)tonianNe)tonian
Re 2 NRe 2 NReRe 22 ρD7%D7%µ
Untu" Re J &5''Untu" Re J &5'' ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((11 . 2 5%Re. 2 5%Re
Untu" Re 1 &5'''Untu" Re 1 &5'''- Pipa halu! -'(>
>;5'>;5'>>JReJ5'JReJ5'GG ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((11 . 2'('GM
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nn
nn
nn
R R
v v LK LK ∆∆P P
++
==1133
))n+1n+1((
))nn((22
nn
nn
nn
R R
v v K K
LL
∆∆PR PR
++==
1133
22
R R ) )2 2
ρ ρ LLv v )( )( / / ( ( ∆∆P P 22ReRe161622==
nn
nn
nnK K
nn ρ ρ R R v v
++
==1133
))((2-n2-n))((88ReRe = Re= ReGeGe
JikaJika
ReReGeGe < 2100 : laminar < 2100 : laminar ..............> f = 16/Re> f = 16/ReGeGe
Un!k ReUn!k ReGeGe > 21000> 21000
- "i#a $al!% (k/&=0)- "i#a $al!% (k/&=0)..............
> f = 0.1'3 (Re)> f = 0.1'3 (Re)-0.3-0.3
31031033
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Tahanan "rn $e!e"anTahanan "rn $e!e"an
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α
ρ
∆
=
22
22
22
11
44
33
AA
AA--55
PP++. .
55
. .
Tahanan "rn $e!e"anTahanan "rn $e!e"an
+"!pan!i%Pen#emban#an+"!pan!i%Pen#emban#an
AA55 AA&&7755
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Tahanan "rn $e!e"anTahanan "rn $e!e"an
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Tahanan "rn $e!e"anTahanan "rn $e!e"an
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Tahanan "rn $e!e"anTahanan "rn $e!e"an
Table (>
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Stainle!! Steel Tubin# and Pipe Diameter! %G>%G '(&''(&' '(''(' '(M&G'(M&G 5(''5(''
55 '(M''(M' 5('''5(''' 5('GK5('GK 5(>55(>55 5%&5 5%& 5(>'5(>' 5(''5('' 5(5'5(5' 5(K''5(K''
&& 5(M'5(M' &('''&(''' &('&(' &(>&(>
& 5%&& 5%& &(>'&(>' &(''&('' &(GK&(GK &(M&(M
>> &(M>G&(M>G >('''>(''' >('M>('M >(''>(''GG >(M>G>(M>G G('''G(''' G('&G('& G(''G(''
(M&(M& ('''(''' ('(' (&(&
MM (M&(M& M('''M(''' (KM5(KM5 M(&M(&
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Tahanan "rn $e!e"anTahanan "rn $e!e"an
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