Kualitas Daya
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Transcript of Kualitas Daya
“
EFISIENSI DAYA LISTRIK
DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN
VSD/INVERTER
“
Kegunaan Inverter
• Mengurangi arus start pada starting motor di
sistem pompa, konveyor, fan dll
• Mengurangi tekanan hidrolik pada
permasalahan start stop pompa, sehingga
menghindari masalah getaran pada pipa dan
kerusakan pada peralatan
• Menghindari terjadinya water hammer pada
sistem penyaluran pompa fluida dengan head
yang tinggi
• Pada pemakaian beban variable torque seperti
pompa dan fan, pengguanaan inverter bisa
mengefisienkan pemakaian daya sampai 50%
• Dibandingkan dengan soft start inverter
Electricity consumption
• For processes and building utilities
– 72% of electricity consumption goes to turn motors
– 63% of this energy is used to circulate fluids
Compression
30%
Pumping
20% Ventilation
13%
Process
37%
Relevant applications
• Pumping
• Ventilation
• Compression
• Benefits from use of the Inverter:
– no more electricity
consumption than just
necessary
– enhanced performance
– user comfort
• At present only 5% of installations
are equipped with variable speed
drives
Contoh penempatan VSD pada sistem Air
Conditioning
A conventional installation
• Motor supplied directly by the line supply
• Motor speed of rotation = nominal speed
• Variation of flow by means of a restriction or load
loss device - valve, incliner, etc
• The reduction in flow causes the absorbed power
to drop very slightly
• Example of a Fan:
– flow regulation by an outlet valve
– at 80% of nominal flow - power consumption
95% of nominal power
Low-cost installation with a drive
• Motor supplied by a variable speed drive
• Elimination of the restriction device
• Variation of the flow is obtained directly by varying
the motor speed
• The reduction in flow causes the absorbed power to
drop considerably
• Example of a Fan equipped with a drive:
– flow regulation by the drive
– at 80% of nominal flow - power consumption
50% of nominal power
The fan power curve
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow
Power
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Outlet valve
Suction valve
Drive
The fan power curve
Outlet valve
Suction valve
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow
Power
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Variation in flow obtained by a
load loss system
The fan power curve
Outlet valve
Suction valve
Variable speed drive
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow
Power
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Variation in flow obtained by varying the
motor speed
Variable
speed
The pump power curve
Control valve
Drive
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Flow
Power
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Example: 15 kW / 90 kW ventilation
TEMIC Semiconductors - Nantes, France
Recycled
air
Recycled
air
New air
• Central unit handling air destined for the
production factory
Output
without drive with drive
m3/hr kW kW
125000 90 90
92300 73 54
76800 71 21
68000 71 20
Power consumption
Example: 3 … 37 kW ventilation
Thomson Multimedia - Villingen, Germany
• Preparation of air destined for clean rooms
with 7 fans
• Energy savings: 500 kWh/year
320 kF/year
• Investment: 425 kF
• Return on investment: 16 months
Output
without drive with drive
m3/hr kW kW
45000 37 37
22500 31 4.6
Power consumption
Filter + air conditioning
Example: 55 … 110 kW pumping
Water authority - La Rochelle, France
• Drinking water distribution plant
– 10 recirculating pumps
– Flow regulation based on subscriber consumption
• Energy savings: 20 … 25%
Applications - Ventilation
• Thermal protection of drive and motor, alarm
on logic output
• Catch on fly restart with speed search
• “On or slowdown” function for tunnel smoke
extraction
• Configuration of type of stopping on external
fault
• Speed maintained on loss of 4-20mA signal
• Energy-saving function
Applications - Pumping
• Pump switching option card
– Control of an entire pumping installation
with a single drive
– Configurable changeover
• Limited number of starts
• Integral PI regulator
– Constant pressure maintained throughout
the network
– Preset flow references
– Change from Auto to Man
• Jump frequencies
– Protection of the mechanism
Perbandingan Inverter dan Soft Start
• Inverter bisa menekan arus start menjadi 1,2
kali Inominal, sedangkan soft start hanya 1,6
sampai 2 kali Inominal, Y/Δ 3 sampai 4 kali
Inominal
• Inverter bisa menghasilkan penghematan
daya sedangkan pada soft start tidak bisa
Aplikasi Inverter Pada Sistem
Distribusi Air Pada Gedung Bertingkat
• Aplikasi inverter cocok digunakan untuk
mendapatkan pengaturan flow yang baik
meskipun tempat yang tinggi dan jauh
• Inverter bisa mempertahankan tekanan aliran
tetap terjaga pada sistem penyaluaran fluida
dengan pompa
Aplikasi Inverter Pada Milling Sistem
• Mengganti motor DC dengan motor induksi 3 phasa, sehingga diperoleh keuntungan bebas pemeliharaan terhadap motor
• Diperoleh arus start yang kecil, hanya sekitar 1,2 kali Inominal
• Untuk pemakaian kecepatan dibawah nominal maka diperoleh efisiensi daya yang signifikan
Prinsip Pengaturan kecepatan
motor
• Stator control
• Rotor control
Stator control
• Contant frequency, varible voltage
(soft start, Y/D, Autotrafo, Rheostat,
prinsipnya mengontrol tegangan
sehingga slip bisa diatur dan rpm rotor
akan diatur)
• Variable frequency
(VSD/VFD/Inverter)
Variable frequency
• DC link convertion (dari input ac ke dc
kemudian ke ac lagi)
• Cycloconverter drivesn (ac diubah ke
ac juga tanpa melalui rangkaian dc)
DC Link inverter
• PWM inverter (VSD/VFD/Inverter)
• Square inverter (UPS atau power
suplai 1 phasa)
T/S Characteristic
Variable voltage T/S
Characteristic
Variable frequency T/S
Characteristic
• E = 4.44 f n ϕ
• E/f = Constan = 4.44 ϕ
• Pada saat menurunkan f maka V juga turus
• Pada saat V turun, maka P = V x I x
3phase, sehingga akan diperoleh
penghematan