Krystallenia Kolotourou Attorney-at-Law, PhD Candidate International Summer Seminar CERDI MORAL...
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Transcript of Krystallenia Kolotourou Attorney-at-Law, PhD Candidate International Summer Seminar CERDI MORAL...
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Krystallenia Kolotourou
Attorney-at-Law, PhD Candidate
International Summer Seminar CERDI
MORAL RIGHT AND DERIVATIVE WORKS
LE DROIT MORAL ET LES OEUVRES
DERIVEES
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Moral right and derivative works
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LE DROIT MORAL ET LES OEUVRES DERIVEES
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When the adaptation is not moral
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Certain liberty / Une certaine liberté
An adaptation must respect three conditions : / Une adaptation doit respecter les trois conditions:
Spirit / Esprit Nature / Caractère Substance / Substance
//Dialogue des Carmelites Cass. 22 Nov. 1966//
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//Le petit prince cass. 12 June 2001//
• An adapter who faithfully reproduced the plot and the main character and thus respected the spirit of the past work, was able to introduce new, secondary characters
/ L’adaptateur qui reproduit fidèlement l’intrigue et le personnage principal et respecte ainsi l’esprit de l’ œuvre préexistante a pu introduire des personnages secondaires nouveaux.
• This personal contribution on the adapter's part was required for the work's screen adaptation
/ Cet apport personnel de l’adaptateur était exigé par la transposition à l’écran.
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Adapter’s freedom The author of the
past work must prove the distortion
of his work
Fidelity to first work
Any alteration of the substance
Denaturation is proved + integrity
is violated
Practical significance
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Liberté de l’adaptateur
L’auteur de l’ œuvre
préexistante doit prouver la
dénaturation de son œuvre
Fidélité à l’ œuvre préexistante
Toute altération de la
substance
Dénaturation est prouvée +
l’integrité est violée
signification pratique
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Meaning of modifications
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definition des modifications
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Meaning of modifications
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definition des modifications
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Tidy v. Trustees of the Natural History Museum
Remix
Physical alterations
/alterations physiques
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Infringement on the French and Greek moral right of integrity
/ Violation du droit moral au respect de l’ œuvre en France et en Grèce
Not certain for UK
/ Pas certaine violation en Royaume-Uni
Contextual uses
Usages contextuelles
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When moral right obstructs adaptation
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Quand le droit moral empêche les adaptations
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||Cass. 1re civ., 2 Apr. 2009, “On va fluncher”||
The French Superior Court held that the remix was illegal, as i)the remix of the lyrics of the song denatured substantially the musical work and ii)the lack of prior and specific permission caused infringement on the authors’ moral right.
/ Court de Cassation a retenu que l’adaptation était illicite parce que :i)L’adaptation (parodie) dénaturait substantiellement la chanson etii)L’absence d’autorisation préalable et spéciale portait atteinte à leur droit moral.
French solutionsolution française
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The consensus of co-authors in order to create a derivative work is essential.
/ Le consensus des co-auteurs est essentiel pour créer des œuvres dérivées.
In the case that a co-author has not been asked to grant his permission, he has the right to act against the others based on an infringement to his moral right.
/ Au cas où un des co-auteurs n’est pas demandé de donner son permit, il a le droit d’agir contre les autres en se basant sur une atteinte à son droit moral.
Litigations between co-authorslitiges entre les co-auteurs
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Waivability of moral right in UK/ Les renonciations sont permis au Royaume-Uni.
No waivability on France/ Prohibition des renonciations en France
Case law in France seems to tolerate renunciations, when authorization is specific.
/ La jurisprudence en France peut tolérer les renonciations si le permis est spécifique.
Blanket renunciations are in no case acceptable/ Renonciations générales sont inacceptables.
Right to object to modifications always if they hurt the “nucleus” of the moral right.
/ Droit d’agir contre les modifications toujours si elles heurtent le noyau dur du droit moral.
Renunciationrenonciation
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !
Merci pour votre attention !