KRT-2010KRT-2010 11

PLANT STRUCTURE

PLANT STRUCTURE

KRT-2010KRT-2010 22

The "Typical" Plant BodyThe "Typical" Plant Body

The Root SystemThe Root System Underground (usually) Underground (usually) Anchor the plant in the soil Anchor the plant in the soil Absorb water and nutrients Absorb water and nutrients Conduct water and nutrients Conduct water and nutrients Food Storage Food Storage

The Shoot SystemThe Shoot System Above ground (usually) Above ground (usually) Elevates the plant above the soil Elevates the plant above the soil Many functions including: Many functions including:

photosynthesis photosynthesis reproduction & dispersal reproduction & dispersal

food and water conduction food and water conduction

KRT-2010KRT-2010 33

The Body of seed plantThe Body of seed plant

KRT-2010KRT-2010 44

KRT-2010KRT-2010 55

KRT-2010KRT-2010 66

Plant StructurePlant Structure

A. Classification of Plants A. Classification of Plants

1. Some plants are 1. Some plants are non-vascularnon-vascular (=bryophytes) (=bryophytes)2. Some plants are 2. Some plants are seedless, vascular plantsseedless, vascular plants (e.g., (e.g.,

ferns)ferns)3. Most plants are 3. Most plants are seed-bearing, vascular plantsseed-bearing, vascular plants- gymnosperms (no flowers, e.g., conifers)- gymnosperms (no flowers, e.g., conifers)- angiosperms (all produce flowers: dicots and - angiosperms (all produce flowers: dicots and

monocots)monocots) B. Structure of Flowering Plants (= angiosperms) B. Structure of Flowering Plants (= angiosperms)

KRT-2010KRT-2010 77

Angiosperms, flowering plants, are divided into two groups: Angiosperms, flowering plants, are divided into two groups:

monocots and dicotsmonocots and dicots

KRT-2010KRT-2010 88

Monocots vs. Dicots Monocots vs. Dicots MonocotsMonocots DicotsDicots

Floral Floral Arrangement :Arrangement :

3's 3's 4's and 5's4's and 5's

Leaf Venation :Leaf Venation : ParallelParallel NetNet

Vascular bundlesVascular bundles ScatteredScattered RingRing

HabitHabit Herbaceous Herbaceous Herbaceous + WoodyHerbaceous + Woody

RootsRoots FibrousFibrous Tap rootTap root

GrowthGrowth Primary onlyPrimary only Primary and Primary and SecondarySecondary

Examples:Examples: Grass, Palm, Grass, Palm, Orchid Orchid

Oaks, Roses, Oaks, Roses, SunflowersSunflowers

KRT-2010KRT-2010 99

Monocots have their flower parts in threes or multiples of three; example Monocots have their flower parts in threes or multiples of three; example the tulip and lily (the tulip and lily (Lilium Lilium ). ).

Dicots have their flower parts in fours (or multiples) or fives (or Dicots have their flower parts in fours (or multiples) or fives (or multiples). Examples of some common dicot flowers include the multiples). Examples of some common dicot flowers include the

geranium, and citrus.geranium, and citrus.

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1010the scattered vascular bundles of the corn stem the ringed array of vascular bundles in this

dicot stem (Medicago).

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1111

Anatomy Of Monocot StemsAnatomy Of Monocot Stems

A cross section of the stem of corn (Zea mays) showing parenchyma tissue and scattered vascular bundles. The large cells in the vascular bundles are vessels

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1212

Plant stemPlant stem

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1313

SpermatophytesSpermatophytes

Includes flowering or seed-bearing plants.Includes flowering or seed-bearing plants. The two subdivisions are….The two subdivisions are….

GymnospermsGymnosperms AngiospermsAngiosperms

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1414

Plant Characteristics

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1515

Identifying PlantsIdentifying Plants

Physical characteristics are used to identify Physical characteristics are used to identify plants which include….plants which include…. Life CycleLife Cycle FormForm Foliage RetentionFoliage Retention Plant PartsPlant Parts Use & LocationUse & Location

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1616

Life CycleLife Cycle

AnnualsAnnuals Plants that complete their life cycle in one Plants that complete their life cycle in one

year.year. BiennialsBiennials

Plants that complete their life cycle in Plants that complete their life cycle in two years.two years.

PerennialsPerennials Plants that live more than two years.Plants that live more than two years.

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1717

Growth HabitsGrowth Habits

TreesTrees ShrubsShrubs VinesVines

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1818

Growth FormsGrowth Forms

ColumnarColumnar SpreadingSpreading WeepingWeeping

RoundRound OvalOval PyramidalPyramidal

KRT-2010KRT-2010 1919

Growth FormsGrowth Forms

Spreading

Columnar

Weeping

KRT-2010KRT-2010 2020

Growth FormsGrowth Forms

Round Oval Pyramidal

KRT-2010KRT-2010 2121

Foliage RetentionFoliage Retention

DeciduousDeciduous Loses leaves during the dormant season.Loses leaves during the dormant season.

EvergreenEvergreen Keeps leaves and remains green year-round.Keeps leaves and remains green year-round.