Kosmic Address Vs. Holarchical Embeddeness(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)Kosmic Address: Altitude + Perspective

Need to differentiate subject, action, and objectPerspective-taking is one sort of action

Holarchical embeddedness of subject or object:psychograph, sociograph including typologies

Holarchical processes:perceptions, analyses, changing relations, choices, actions, etc., of subject and object interaction where agents are positioned initially by holarchical embeddedness

Holarchical Field Theory(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)Field substitutes events for things having fixed properties, and sees events as totalities in which parts of the event are what they are, qualitatively and quantitatively, only in terms of the rest of the event (English and English, p. 207)

Fundamental Components of Wilberian Integral Theory:

Past: Holons (Wilber, 1995) => becomes Holarchically embedded subjects and objects

Present: Perspectives (Wilber, 2002, 2006) => becomes a subset of holarchical processes Proposed:Holarchical Fields (Bowman, 2012b)mapping interpenetrating drives between subject and all relevant objects forms potential fields of opportunity and danger where actions taken is the choice subset.

Holarchical Field Theory (HFT)(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)Holarchical Field Theory created by the synthesis of ISP and Holarchical Development

(ISP) and the Holarchical Drives are linked with the static-dynamic duality.

Dualities Dynamic-Static Dynamic DualitiesStatic Dualities(subject-object interaction)(subject-object embeddedness) interiorization-exteriorizationinterior-exteriorinternalization-externalization internal-externalindividuation-collectivizationindividual-collectivepositive-negativehealth-pathologyascension-descension higher-lower

Kosmic Habits Vs. Holarchical Field Action(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)Wilbers Kosmic GroovesLevel specific behavior = prob (past expression of holon, historical time of level)

prob (Amber Agent Behavior | in Irag or Finland)?Differences in AQAL unexamined surface features

In Holarchial Filed Action, the object environment becomes criticalAmber agent as subject recives drives from environmentDeeply included in Finland by zone?Unhealthily fragmented in Irag by zone?

testable

Integral Mathematics Vs. HFT(Bowman, 2012b, JITP)

Subject enacts objectNo drives from object to subject examined (unlike HFT)Only a primary method is specified (unlike HFT)Internal = Interior: (Reductionism)

Wilbers (2000b, p. 84) Integral Politics [underlines are mine]:when it comes to the cause of human suffering, liberals tend to believe in exterior causes, whereas conservatives tend to believe in interior causes. That is, if an individual is suffering, the typical liberal tends to blame external social institutions (if you are poor it is because you are oppressed by society), whereas the typical conservative tends to blame internal factors (you are poor because you are lazy).

Integral Political-Economic Field Theory(Bowman, Book in Progress)Integral Political Economy Embedded in HFT

Economist, Economics, andEconomy

Forming actual and potential fields

Object

Method

Subject

Economist

Economics

Economy

Object Economy: By Metatheoretical Orientation of Mainstream Principles Method

The Value Failures

Private Markets

The Government

Hard budget constraint. Competitive allocation of scarce resource/funds.Invisible HandNew product development including financial innovation.Cost reductions within firms.Externalities.Borrowing constraints for education.Financial contamination.Short-term incentives & inattention to aggregate risk.Anti-competitive consolidation.Rent-seeking.Taxing negative externalities and natural resources.Subsidizing positive externalitiesPublic goods provision.Inflation-output monitoring.Regulation of excessive risk Financial education. Antitrust regulation.Deposit insuranceSpecial interest persuasion.Logrolling.Moral hazard.Pandering populism.Imperfect modeling of economy.Soft budget constraint.

Subject Economist: Political-Economic TypesThe Value Failures

Private Markets

The Government

ConservativesRadicalsLiberals

Subject Economist (cont.)Political-Economic Understanding as a Learning Line of Development.... with Types

Conservative Liberal Radical

ImmatureDeregulate always Always cut taxesTypically sees no role for government except protect private property

= Fundamentalist Conservative May advocate revolutionFavors one change as a panacea (examples: communism or anarchy)Does not honor the partial validity of the modern system

= Militant or Utopian RadicalFix prices to help us (or poor) now with no regard to unintended consequencesProfit incentive has no valueNo acknowledgment of government failures

= Naive Liberal

Subject Economist (cont.)Political-Economic Understanding as a Learning Line of Development with Types

Conservative Liberal Radical

SophisticatedMarkets are often efficient Some market failures existGovernment policies often make matters worseOpen to less distorting public corrective measures Emphasizes market failures Acknowledges failed liberal policies of the pastSees development as not occurring without sound public corrective measures and investmentMarket and government failures are interrelated Recognizes unhealthy aspects of industrial democraciesNeed co-created evolution to a new stage of economic development.

Subject Economist: Political-Economic Understanding as a Learning Line of Development

Lower/Less Healthy: Immature Agents

Recognize only within their ovals.

Higher/Healthier: Sophisticated Agents

Acknowledge all 4 areas, butemphasize their own ovals

Types Conservative Liberal Radical Level MiltonFriedman

J. Buchanan

Glen Beck

Rush Limbaugh

Elements of Tea PartyJosephStiglitz

A. Sen

MichaelMoore

Elements of Occupy Wall Street

D. Gordon(SSATheorist)

Stakeholder Balance & Maturity

Polar Revolutionaries:Communist/Anarchist

Elements of TeaParty and Occupy Wall Street

(Economy) Economics [Economist] By Political-Economic Types

Sophisticated conservative concern of unintended consequences of nave liberal reform seen by...Two Subject Economists Enacting Each Other As Partial ObjectsThe Immature-Sophisticated Fallacy nave liberal as selfish defense of the privileged business class.Nave Liberal ElevatesOneself The Financial Crisis is used as evidence that any government intervention is justified because the failures of the neoliberal paradigm.ReductionismElevationismThe Sophisticated Conservative Reduced to Fundamentalist by Naive Liberal

Two Subject Economists Enacting Each Other As Partial ObjectThe Immature-Sophisticated FallacyFundamentalist Conservative ElevatesOneselfNeoliberal paradigm justified by universalizing the assumptions of perfect competition and the falling of communism.ReductionismElevationismSophisticated liberal desire to regulate a market failure seen by... immature conservative as ignorant encroachment on freedom and the right to pursue prosperity.The Sophisticated Liberal Reduced toNave by Fundamentalist Conservative

Either a sophisticated conservative emphasis on market resource allocation or sophisticated liberal approach to improve market allocations may be met by....Two Subject Economists Enacting Each Other As Partial ObjectsThe Immature-Sophisticated Fallacya militant radical as unwitting support of corrupt elites preventing the natural overthrow of the status quo.A utopian radical elevates oneself to sophisticatedThe recurrence of bubbles is used to justify the abolition of the fractional reserve system without engaging the scholarly literature on this issue.ElevationismReductionismThe Sophisticated Conservative or Liberal Reduced to Immature by Militant Radical

Two Subject Economists Enacting Each Other As Partial ObjectsThe Immature-Sophisticated FallacySophisticated radical critique of policy formed by mutually reinforcing self interests of political and business leaders assumed to be...motivated to implement communism or anarchy by the fundamentalist conservative or naive liberal.

ReductionismImmature Liberals and Conservatives Elevate ThemselvesCommunism used by Immature RightUnhealthy Hierarchies used by Immature Left Against Holarchical Stage Theories of Economic DevelopmentThe Sophisticated Radical Reduced to Militant by Fundamentalist Conservative or Naive LiberalElevationism

U.S. Stakeholder DeflectionsDeflections of blame using immature argumentsIncentivized by holarchical embeddedness

Game Theory Showing Pathology Vs. Healthy Cultural Capital:Game 1 - Two egoists and their short-term payoffsSup-optimal Nash EquilibriumImmature Liberalism use to justify S2 for LImmature Conservatism can justify S2. for H.Both support their preferred beggar-thy-neighbor policies

Game2: Two cooperators and their short-term payoffsOptimal Nash EquilibriumS1 of each supported by economic theory and evidence.Net benefits are even greater in the long-run.

Game 3: A low-skilled cooperator and a high-skilled egoist and their short-term payoffsSup-optimal Nash EquilibriumIf cooperation is conditional for L and the game is repeated:L loses value attached to cooperating and the game reverts to Game 1

Example: Considered impolite to talk politics in new social situations:=> unable to have mature disagreements in this areaHabermass definition of social pathologies:social pathologies occur when one of his specified rationalization complexes are not cultivated to the same degree as the others or when learning in one is not allowed to interact with learning in another complex (Ingram 2010, p. 319)Collective Political-Economic PathologyU.S.: IQ increased 3 points per decade (Flynn, 2011)U.S. Presidential Debates less scientific since 1960 in economic realm not others (Gorton and Diels, 2011)Bhaskar (1993): The neoliberal triumphalism is a regression in the philosophical discourse of modernity. (IPE: liberal postmodernity provided no alternative beyond welfare capitalism and bubbles bought off liberals.

A strongly averted or overly critical response to sophisticated or opposing views may be indicative of shadow projections.As the science mounts that the environmental, financial, and distributional trends are not sustainable.the more entrenched the shadow becomes if ego does not wish to admit the need to change behaviors.

Collective Political-Economic PathologyRather than seeing popular pressures for sensible reformin response to status-quo gridlock and polarization: The immature aspects of the Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street stretch us further to the less developed extremes.

Denmark s Economic TransformationCampbell and Pedersen, 2010; Monica Prasad, 2008; Dougherty, 2008) Late 1980s/early 90s, lackluster performance

Since then, considerable improvement in all major macro indicators with low inequality.

Plus 15% reduction of carbon emissions from 1990 to 2005.

Financial Crisis effects due more to international contamination. Its sound underwriting standards minimized adverse effects.

Denmark s ReformsCampbell and Pedersen (2010) Flexicurity (flexible but secure)Firms free to hire and fire (unlike in Germany or France, but like US), but

Continued with generous safety net, but tied them to job seeking and the benefit levels reduced.

Early 90s, new and generous retraining benefits. Iincreased demand for good programs in already strong vocational education system.(In contrast to U.S. disqualified students for unemployment benefits and Germany only retrained existing workers)

Institutional decentralization. Retraining programs tailored at the local level to fit the needs of local employers.

Political-Economic Discourse Decentralized negotiations among: unions, employer groups, municipal authorities, educators, and other relevant actors at the regional and local level

U.S.: Pathology in the Poly-Econ Line capable of doing better but unhealthy cultural capital leads to suboptimal outcomes.As financial and enviro liabilities mount, the system got moredysfunctional and polarized to avoid needed changes

Supports IPE theory: Stakeholder representation , Validation of claims using sound theory and evidence. Healthy communication (high level cultural capital ) for policies that help in the transformation to a more mature informational economy.Results in greater cultural capital to reach the optimal Prisoners Dilemma outcome.

Perspective Taking is a dynamic event. We are capable of redirecting a perspective at a given moment.An example of why these distinctions are important.Its needed for a holarchical approach to national income accounting.We have stocks of capital (intentional, behavioral, cultural, social) at a given point in time.The can be employed in different ways. We choose certain production methods that does or doesnot fully employ our potential in a given time period. That provides services and goods to satisfy holarchical needs well or not.And if there is enough investment such as ILP, education, training, learning by doing,mutual understanding and complementary investmetns, etc.Then we can build and accumulate more four quadrant capital.

*Holarchical Fields transcend and includeholons and their interpenetrating potentials and actuals dynamics including perspective taking.

**The illumination of innapropriate secondary methods are not specified.The relatively unspecified, but successful integral methodology employed by Wilber is not used in IM.

Wilber (2002) defines internal as different from interiorinternal is within the boundary of the holonmy brain and mind are internal to meinterior and exterior are internal to meyour brain and mind is external to meunless we are discussing intersubjective understanding or membership in a political party where are only thoseaspects are both internal to our collective holon.Our ultimate potential is internal to a potential holon since you and are are fundamentally the same if the veil was removed.

Generally he sees liberals as focusing on right-hand-quadrant causes of poverty while conservatives focus on left-hand-quadrant causes. Yet his examples use elements of two different dualities (for the horizontal axis); internal-external and interior-exterior. He even uses all four words (internal, external, interior, and exterior). I agree that religious and socially-conservative types often fault the character of the poor for their problems. This does indeed imply a focus on the interior realms (values, intentional choices, etc.). Yet his example of liberal focus on problems beyond the poors control does not imply a focus on exteriorities, but rather externalities. In contrast to social-conservative focus on interiorities, pro-market conservatives de-emphasize the problems with market externalities, not market exteriorities, which can lead to higher inequality of opportunity and income. Thus, when viewed this way, pro-market conservatives and pro-government interventionist liberals are divided by their polar views on the internal-external duality (not the interior-exterior one). *Phenomenology is described by Wilber as a 1st-person having a 1st-person experience. The experience is indeed first-person to the one having the experience or describing their own experience. When contrasted with his structuralism examples, however, what Wilber is left to mean is an inside (internal) view of the (subjective) interior-individual. The awareness is not made an object (otherwise it would be his Case A example of structuralism, which I have already reclassified as phenomenology, when I try to be objective about myself). But in this example (a 1st-person having a 1st-person experience), awareness is not yet made an object by the subject experiencing it. Therefore, it does not qualify as a broad science because it may not be reproducible by an adequately embedded scientist who could perform an injunction that elicits the object in a detached form. **Immature Agents only acknowledge what is internal to their own oval. They deny what is external to their oval.

Sophisticated Agents acknowledge all four realms, but emphasize their own ovals.*READ DETAILS BEFORE SHOWING ITAs applied to the Financial Crisis:Immature Conservative: Deregulation without distinction between over-regulation vs. sound regulation.Immature Liberal: Keep credit cheap for poor people (whether by Fed action or by weaker lending standards).Immature Radical: The money debt system is the problem with no distinction between sound investment vs. irresponsible speculative investment and what leads to the former or latter.

This is what we get with a culture grounded in first-tier consciousness.Notice that the immature expressions are irreconcilable. No room for compromise except in superficial ways:Ex.: Instead of taxes to fund retraining programs for farmers.instead might have agricultural price supports and tarriffs.No taxes least of two evils for immature conservatives.Poor dont have to make behavioral adjustments appeals to immature liberals.*READ DETAILS BEFORE SHOWING IT

Sophisticated conservatives: will warn against bad govt policies that stifle financial innovation. but open to sound regulation like cant allow too big to fail (promote competition) must look to ways in which markets fail before correcting them. Weakening of lending laws thru fannie and freddie are not the best way to help disadvantaged.retraining/education. let there be sectoral change.Sophisticated liberals: Emphasizes the need for sound regulation. Help poor in less distoring ways. Consumer protection 1st time homebuyer program.

Sophisticated Radical: Ex/ of inter-related failures: excessive consolidation.banks want monopoly power (mkt failure)and regulators captured by regulated (govt failure) Recognize we must include the healthy aspects of the present financial system(mixed system: prvt/public/non profit)**Even PhD economists have a hard time overcoming the Liberal/Conservative Divide. Typically the radical schools are often ignored. But it is worse that this. Economic policy is not made by professional economists.Non-PhD economists disclose a much smaller economy that even a basic principles of economics class would offer.So a strenght of IPE is to examine how the economy is shaped by not only the field of economicsBut also by the interaction of various stakeholder groups in society with a special focus on U.S. policy.*I/M Fallacy has evolved. First I only recognized the reductionistic version (2010a)Then elevationistic version in (2011)For the book I show how both can be enacted by an immature agent to avoid change when confrontedwith a sophisticated agent.

Because immature agents are incapable of distinguishing among immature and sophisticated expressions in any type and they only acknowledge what is internal to their own oval.

*READ EXAMPLE BEFORE SHOWING IT

Because immature agents are incapable of distinguishing among immature and sophisticated expressions in any type and they only acknowledge what is internal to their own oval.

*READ EXAMPLE BEFORE SHOWING IT

So these fallacies make it very difficult to discuss the causes and solutions to a host of issues including the Financial Crisis, Global warmingglobal poverty, etc.*We must recognize the role of each major stakeholder group. The tendency for immature agents, however, is the opposite,to blame a certain group identified with the aspect of economic reality whose value they do not fully recognize.

non-bank financial firms made no serious effort to be regulated like banks to instill discipline in the industry. In fact, many business groups complain about the possibility of bad regulation, yet they lobby for less regulation rather than sound regulation where the latter is the surest long-run defense against implementation of bad regulation. Even with the benefit of hindsight showing more clearly the need for financial regulatory reform, Immergluck (2009) wrote that even at this late date, the financial services industry managed to stop the bill in the Senate, referring to a bill sponsored by Barney Frank (D-MA) which contained many regulations that consumer advocates had been proposing for almost a decade. The Financial Times reported that British banks have opposed even modest and reasonable reform proposals (Cohen, 2009). So here is another instance of near pressure because the long-run benefit of sound regulation is overly discounted.

Slate magazine (December 11, 2009) reported survey data from the USA Today/Gallup Poll and the Associated Press-Stanford University poll that a majority of Americans support a binding agreement that would force the United States to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions, but that, much of that support quickly erodes, though, if taking action against global warming would translate into increased electricity bills. It is even common to hear liberals, who generally are more open to tax and spend policies, respond to proposed carbon emissions taxes that business will only pass on these costs to consumers, even though economic theory suggests that consumers should internalize the costs that are currently externalized.

The only Economist on short list for Fed Chair concerned with bubble:No chance of nomination.

Kimberly Strassel (2008) described Republican Minority Leader Mitch McConnell as publicly speaking out and standing ready to block President Obamas ideas for enacting a climate program a slanted term which conveys the meaning of a large, inefficient government program. Despite Denmark (Prasad, 2008) that reduced carbon emissions from 1990 to 2005by taxing carbon emissions and subsidizing cleaner alternatives during a period of sound economic growth (as mainstream economic theory suggests). They did this without increased reliance on nuclear energy. Danish firms are now leaders in the use of alternative energy

Pelosi calling health care companies immoral and obstructionist w/o pointing to theory and evidence that government can improve outcomesHamburger and Geiger (2009)

**An upbringing in an oppressive or dogmatic setting where absolutistic thinking around economic policy prevailed may repress intellectual questioning in this area. This may induce projection of ones own inability to be open to the exploration of sophisticated views onto others. One views an opposing type only in its immature version because immature types cannot differentiate less from more developed versions of each type. Sophisticated views by others are emotionally (often angrily) reduced to the immature version of that type by the projector. This defends against all opposing views while keeping aspects within the projector repressed and disowned. *I wrote of our unhealthy collective responses to the Financial Crisis at its peak in the Fall of 2008 for Integral Life where major stakeholder reactions were even more ideological and extreme. Looking back, this seems prescient. Notice that in response to status-quo gridlock and polarization in our political institutions, since 2008, popular movements stretched the nation further to the less developed extremes with the Tea Party movement on the right and Occupy Wall Street on the left. We need collective healing. *(GDP and productivity growth, unemployment, inflation, budget deficits, and national debt.)

This transformation is in contrast to the U.S. stagnation in real wages in the 2000s.its lack of leadership on climate changeits origination of the financial crisisthe seeming dissappearance of civility in public political-economic discourseextremism...*with labor flexibility: firms not afraid to invest in machines that complement new workers.

reducaed benefits to encourage finding new jobs.

retraining more than any other country besides Sweden).

Prior to this period, Denmark used to engage in more industrial policy. But reforms were not a case of government picking winners and losers and subsidizing them (which can lead to crony capitalism). Rather, a discovery process where firms, unions, other interest groups, experts, and the state learn about costs and opportunities and then engage in strategic coordination p. 323.

*- Policies helped upgrade skills needed for information age.

- Increased flexibility of the economy and security of workers (but not security within uncompetitive jobs).

- Flextime was an outcome. Easier to manage job/family/school.- Even though unionization was among the highest in the world, decentralization of bargaining contributed to union bargaining for sound policies.*