KOREA GAS SAFETY COPORATION

Institute of Gas Safety R&D

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KOREA GAS SAFETY COPO-RATION

The Analysis of Fire Test for the High Pres-sure Composite Cylinder

Chang Jong, Kim Seung Hoon, Lee Young Gyu, Kim

2011. 9. 14.


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INTRODUCTION- Standard and Regulation of the Fire Test

Contents

EXPERIMENTS- Procedures of the Fire Test / Results

CONCLUSIONS- Discussion & Opinion


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INTRODUCTION


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About KGS [KOREA GAS SAFETY COPORATION]

• 2010 : preliminary fire test• 2011 : localized fire test

K G S Institute of Gas Safety R&DProject

High pressure

Cylinder Part Component Part

Establishing the Foundation of Overall Tests for High Pressure Cylinders and

Components

Today’s topic


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Topic

Korean Hydrogen cylinder regulation for hydrogen fuel-cell vehi-cle will be legislated in November 2011.

Currently, researches for rule-making related testing procedures and safety confirmation is underway.

Trend research and analysis of related standards such as UN ECE R 79, ISO/DS 15869, ECE GTR draft etc.

Safety confirmation of cylinder explosion occurred by local fire is at issue(is important).

The pool/local fire tests have different results depending on cylinder type.

1st test(completed) : pool fire test by cylinder type.

2nd test(scheduled) : local fire test by cylinder type(October-De-cember 2011).

Korean hydrogen cylinder regulation which reflects the test re-sult will be legislated.


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Structure of the Fueling System

STATION10barUnder 1bar

High pressure gas storage sys-tem


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Safety of the High-pressure Composite Cylinder

How can we insuresafety against fire?


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Development Trend of International Standard

WG


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Standard and Regulation of the Fire Test (1)

Test ISO/DIS 15869: 2008 SAE J2579:2008 UN ECE R-79

TestProcedure

Cylinder filled to WP ; equipped completely ; 100mm above fire source of 1.65m;PRD/valves/fittings Shielded

Cylinder filled to WP ; equipped completely ; 100mm above fire source of 1.65m;PRD/valves/fittings shielded

Cylinder filled to NWP ;filled with H2 or gas with higher thermal pressure build up ; equipped completely ; 100mm above fire source of 1.65m ; PRD/valves/fittings shielded

Require-ments of monitor-ing

Arrangement of fire ; surface temperature sat at least 3 loca-tions (less 0.75m distance) ; pressure ; max. pressure ; time to venting start and time of evacuation to 10bar

Surface temperatures (of at least 3 locations) ; temperature recording intervals<10sec ; time span from of ignition to initiation ; max. pressure ; release time to 10 bar

Surface temperatures (of at least 3 locations) ; temperature recording intervals<10sec ; time span from of ignition to initiation ; max. pressure ; release time to 10 bar

Require-ments for ap-proval

Fire : 590°C within 5min. after igni-tion ; cylinder : gas release through PRD without rupture

Fire : 590°C within 5min. after igni-tion ; cylinder : gas release through PRD without rupture

Fire : 590°C within 5min. after igni-tion ; min temperature 590°C

Results(approval/rejection or other measures to be taken)

Approval by sufficient fire and gas release only through PRD without burst. Cylinders with thermal insu-lation must endure 20 min. bonfire without burst. PRD demounted (2samples)

Approval by sufficient fire and gas release only through PRD without burst.

Approval by sufficient fire and gas release only through PRD without burst.

• after ignition, the temperature must be over 590 degrees centigrade within 5 minutes• gas must be released only through PRDs without burst

Success or Failure


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Types of the Composite Cylinder

Type1 Type2 Type3 Type4

Materials 34CrMo4 Steel 34CrMo4 SteelGlass fiber epoxy

AA 6061 T6Carbon fiber epoxy

HDPECarbon fiber epoxy

Weight 100% 80% 50% 45%

Technol-ogy normal normal high high

Pictures


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Pool Fire Test [Germany]

video file : Dynetek LTD. Ger-many


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CGA C14

`SAE J2579ISO/DIS 15869 UN ECE R-79

[fire test standard of the metal cylinder]

▶ Those standards and regulations were developed base on CGA C14.▶ They do not include properties of the composite cylinder.

[ex] thermal conductivity<metal cylinder> <composite cylinder>

Fire Fireheat heatTPRD TPRD

Standard and Regulation of the Fire Test (2)


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Advanced Fire test standard by UN ECE WG29

Condition&

Form

Purpose

TPRD (solenoid valve)

TPRD (solenoid valve)Fire

Fire

In case of the high pressure hydrogen storage system for FCV, there is the possiblity of burst when fire occur locally(opposite TPRD) With considering about local fire, UN ECE WG29 has developed the advanced Fire-testmethod for FCV

Concept : apply strong fire at the limited part of container (temperature should be 800℃ within 10 min.)1) Fire-test should be independent of external wind2) Localized fire 5 min.(at 600℃) / Full fire (at 800℃) 3) Under “2)”condition, confirm whether a PRD works or not

localized fire 5 min.(at 600 ) & Full fire (at 800 )℃ ℃


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EXPERIMENTS[Preliminary Fire Test ]


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Concept of the Fire Test

Windbreak

CNG cylinder

Vent line

• test location : The mouth of Mankyung river in KIMJE, Korea. • test date : Oct. 11~ 22. 2010 (2 weeks)• test cylindes : TypeⅡ cylinder 2EA, TypeⅢ cylinder 2EA, TypeⅣ cylinder 2EA• fire source : gasoline + kerosene• test regulation : ISO 15869, ANSI/NGV 2-2007• TC sensors : located along the bottom of the cylinder 5EA, on cylinder 1EA, on valve 1EA• pressure sensor : 1EA


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Preparing Fire Test

• ground was dug to about 50 centimeters• emergency vent line was installed

50 cm

Wind-break

• windbreak was in-stalled

TC 5EA [bottom part]

TC 1EA [top part]TC 1EA [valve]

Vent Line

Valve, PRD protector


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Procedures of the Fire Test (1)

DAQ(National Instrument) &Labview program

[TypeⅡ] [TypeⅢ] [TypeⅣ]

◆ Scene of test

◆ Measurement


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Procedures of the Fire Test (2)

◆ Fire Test Video

VIDEO


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Fire-test results of cylinder (TypeⅡ)

• Time to 10 bar (after ventilation) : 230 sec• Time to 590 oC (Flame temp) : 26 sec • PRD starting point : 76 sec


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Fire-test results of cylinder (TypeⅢ)

• Time to 10 bar (after ventilation) : 192 sec• Time to 590 oC (Flame temp) : 80 sec • PRD starting point : 100 sec


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Fire-test results of cylinder (TypeⅣ)

• Time to 10 bar (after ventilation) : 225 sec• Time to 590oC (Flame temp) : 58 sec • PRD starting point : 131 sec


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Fire-test results of cylinder (TypeⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ)

[TypeⅡ] [TypeⅢ] [TypeⅣ]

• TypeⅡ & TypeⅢ cylinder : the upward tendency of pressure• TypeⅣ : no change

In short, change of pressure inner cylinders depend on amount of heat conduction because materials of liner are different.


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Type Ⅱ Type Ⅲ Type Ⅳ comparative analysis

Time to 10bar (sec) 230 192 225 Depend on cylinder volume& PRD capacity

Time to 590oC (sec) 43 80 58 Need advanced study

PRD starting point (sec) 76 100 131 Depend on liner material

Change of pressure (bar) 5 9.2 1.6 Need advanced study

Summary of Fire Test Results

TypeⅡ TypeⅢ TypeⅣ

The PRD venting time

LongerLonger

Change of pressure (bar)

• TypeⅡ : small change PRD venting time is the shortest• TypeⅢ > Type Ⅳ difference of Heat delivery


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CONCLUSIONS


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The present regulation and standard of fire test for the composite cylin-der

The advanced regulation and standard of fire test for the composite cylin-der

• no consideration about various types[materials] of cylinder• no method to confirm safety of the composite cylinder against localized fire

• include properties of various types[materials] of cylinder• add a test method to confirm safety of the composite cylinder against localized fire [EX] composite

cylinderTPRD TPRD

Summary


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KGS go ahead with a plan

Korean hydrogen cylinder regulation which reflects the test result will be legislated.

2nd test(scheduled) : local fire test by cylinder type(October-December 2011).

Continuously, researches for rule-making related testing pro-cedures and safety confirmation is stepping up.

KGS will analysis continuously about trend research and analy-sis of related International standards.

Safety confirmation of cylinder explosion occurred by local fire is important. The pool/local fire tests have different results depending on cylinder type.


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Plan of Localized Fire Test

Vent line

LPG line350bar or 700bar Hydrogen

Protective wall

Concept of fire test


28Thank you!!kim-

[email protected]

KOREA GAS SAFETY COPORATION

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