Konsep Dasar Imunitas (01) Blok6
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Konsep Dasar ImunologiSISTEM IMUN
Riandini Aisyah
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Company Logo
Contents
Gangguan Sistem Imun
Cara Kera Sistem Imun
Tipe Sistem Imun ! Respons
Komponen Sistem Imun
"ungsi Sistem Imun
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Defnisi
Imunitas :
resistensi tubuh thd masuknya substansiasing
Respon imun :
reaksi thd substansi asing yg terkoordinasi
Sistem imun :
sel & molekul yg bertanggung jawab dlmimunitas
Imunologi :
experimental science
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Immunology Terms
Antigen Any molecule that binds to immunoglobulin or T cell receptor
#athogen Microorganism that can cause disease
Anti$ody %A$& Secreted immunoglobulin
Immunoglo$ulin %Ig& Antigen binding molecules of B cells
'a((ination Deliberate induction of protective immunity to a pathogen
Immuni)ation
The ability to resist infection
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"un(tions o* Immunity
Immune de*ense
Immune homeostasis
Immune sur+eillan(e
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,- Melindungi tu$uh dari in+asi agen penye$a$penya.it menghan(ur.an mi.roorganisme
atau su$stansi asing %$a.teri/ parasit/ amur/ dan
+irus/ serta tumor& yang masu. .e dalam tu$uh
0- Mengenali dan menghilang.an sel yang
a$normal
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Patogen bagi tubuh manusia
,- 1a.teri
0- 'irus
2- #arasit
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"un(tions and Mani*estation o* Immunity
"un(tions Normal Mani*estation A$normal Mani*estation
Immune Anti3in*e(tion 4ypersensiti+ity
De*ense Immunode*i(ien(y
Immune Eliminate inured and senile (ells immune dismodulation
4omeostasis Tolerate to sel* (omponents Autoimmune disease
Immune destroy trans*ormed (ells Tumor or
Sur+eillan(e %anti3tumor & #ersistent +irus in*e(tion
#re+ent *rom persistent in*e(tion
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Komponen Sistem Imun
Leu.osit %5hite 1lood Cells& Limfosit T & Limfosit B
6rgan Lim*oid %Lymphoid 6rgan& Organ limfoid primer :
Sumsum tulang ! origin of all immune cells ! site for development and education of B cells
Thymus: ! site for development and education of T cells
Organ limfoid se"under
Lymph nodes# limpa# lymphoid tissue ! induction sites for immune responses
7aringan tu$uh %1ody Tissues& effector sites for immune responses
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Maturasi sel 1 di $one marro8
Maturasi sel T di thymus %edu.asi sel T&
1lood stream
Du.tus
thora.si.us
Lim*onodus
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1lood (ells deri+ed *rom $one marro8 (ells
cells
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Blood cells migrate through blood and lymph nodes or home to
tissues
cells
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Myeloid (ells in immunity
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Tipe Sistem Imun
I- Imunitas Alami %Innate Immunity9nati+e immunity9 non3spe(i*i( immunity
9(ongenital immunity&
II- Imunitas Didapat %Adapti+e Immunity9
a(:uired immunity9spe(i*i( immunity&
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$% espon langsung thd antigen
'% Tida" ditu(u"an terhadap mi"roorganisme tertentu
)% *omponen :
Barrier fisi" + me"ani" : "ulit# selaput lendir# silia#
batu"# bersin Bio"imia & fa"tor terlarut : asam lambung#
,umoral : "omplemen# interferon -./01# 23reactive
prot -241
Seluler : sel fagosit -monosit# ma"rofag# neutrofil#
eosinofil1# sel 0*
.M50.TAS ALAM.A,+.00AT6 .MM50.T7+ 0O0 S46S./.*
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Sistem Kekebalan Non-spesifk
Dapat mendeteksi adanya benda asing &melindungi tubuh dari kerusakan yangdiakibatkannya, namun tdk dpt mengenalibenda asing yang masuk ke dalam tubuh.
Yang termasuk dlm sistem ini:1. Reaksi inflamasi/peradangan2. Protein antiirus !interferon"#. $el natural killer !%"'. $istem komplemen
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Inamasi/ Peradangan
(erupakan respons lokal tubuh thd infeksi atau
perlukaan
)idak spesifik hanya untuk infeksi mikroba,
tetapi respons yg sama *uga ter*adi pada
perlukaan akibat suhu dingin, panas, atau
trauma
Pemeran utama: fagosit, a.l: neutrofil, monosit,
& makrofag
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Tahap inamasi
,- Masu.nya $a.teri .e dalam aringan
0- 'asodilatasi sistem mi.rosir.ulasi area yg terin*e.simening.at.an aliran darah %RU16R9.emerahan !
CAL6R9panas&
2- #ermea$ilitas .apiler ! +enul yang terin*e.siterhadap protein mening.at di*usi protein ! *iltrasiair .e interstisial %TUM6R9$eng.a. ! D6L6R9nyeri&
;- Keluarnya neutro*il lalu monosit dari .apiler ! +enula.e interstisial
- #er$ai.an aringan
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#hago(ytosis
The macrophageexpresses receptors ormany bacterial
constituents
!annosereceptor
"#Sreceptor$%D'(
Sca)enger
receptor
*acteria binding tomacrophage receptorsinitiate the release ocytokines and smalllipid mediators oin+ammation
"ipidmediators
%ytokines
"ysosome
#hagolysosome
#hagosome
!acrophages engul
and digest bacteria towhich they bind
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Ma(rophages
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,emampuan mengenal benda asing-antigen spesifk
menghancurkan antigen yg sdh dikenalsebelumnya
S.ST6M .M50 D.DA4AT+S46S./.*+ D.46OL6,
%ara sistem ini didapat :
. /kti
0. #asi
Dasar kerja I12/T/1-!3!4RI 55
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Innate imm response ma.es a (ru(ial
(ontri$ution to the a(ti+ation o*
adapti+e imm
Immature dendriti( (ells %DCs& (at(h
pathogens %antigens& and (arry
pathogeni( material to a lymph node
8here the antigens are presented to
lympho(ytes-
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Innate +s adapti+e immunity
Innate immunity
/irst line of defense -present in all individuals at alltimes1
.mmediate -8 ! 9 hours1
Non3spe(i*i(
Does not generate lasting protective immunity
Adapti+e immune response %late= ? @> hours&
.s initiated if innate immune response is not adeuate -;9 days1
Antigen3spe(i*i( immunity
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Types o* Immunity
4umoral immunity
.mmunity that is mediated by antibodies
2an be transferred by to a non3immune
recipient by serum
Cell Mediated Immunity
.mmune response in >hich antigen specific T
cells dominate
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The pro(ess o* immune
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The pro(ess o* immuneresponse
in adapti+e immunity
Re(ognition o* antigens
A(ti+ation/proli*eration and
di**eren(iation o* T or 1 lympho(ytes
E**e(tor phase o* immune response
3333Elimination o* antigens
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Sistem Kekebalan Humoral
+ntigen !+g" merangsang sel berubah
men*adi sel plasma yg memproduksi antibodi
!+b".
+b disekresi ke darah atau limf lokasi sel
plasma yg teraktiasi- semua +b akan menapai
darah⇒
gamma globulin imunoglobulin !0g"
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Imunoglobulin (Ig)
Ada < .elas=,- Ig M $erperan s$g reseptor permu.aan sel 1 !
dise.resi pd tahap a8al respons sel plasma
0- Ig G Ig ter$anya. di darah/ diprodu.si i.a tu$uh$erespons thd antigen yg sama
Ig M ! IgG $erperan i.a td in+asi $a.teri ! +irusserta a.ti+asi .omplemen
2- Ig E melindungi tu$uh dr in*e.si parasit ! mrpmediator pd rea.si alergi melepas.an histamindari $aso*il ! sel mast
;- Ig A ditemu.an pd se.resi sistem pern(ernaan/pernapasan/ ! per.emihan %(th= pd airmata ! ASI&
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ungsi !ntibodi
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Sistem Kekebalan Seluler
Lim*osit T spesi*i. untu. .e.e$alan terhadap in*e.si+irus ! pengaturan pd me.anisme .e.e$alan-
Sel3sel T harus .onta. langsung dg sasaran
Ada 2 su$populasi sel T= sel T sitoto.si./ sel Thelper/ ! sel T supressor
Major histocompatibility complex %M4C&= .odehuman leucocyte-associated antigen %4LA& yg teri.atpd permu.aan mem$ran sel .has pd setiap indi+idu
Sur+eilens imun= .erasama sel T sitoto.si./ sel NK/ma.ro*ag/ ! inter*eron
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The #ath8ay o* Spe(i*i( Immune Response
#athogens
#athogens eaten $y Ma(rophage
Displays portion o* #athogen
on sur*a(e
4elper3T (ell re(ogni)es
#athogen
Step $
Step '
Step )
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Cara Kera Sistem Imun
!k i i S l T
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!kti"asi Sel T
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Pembentukan Kekebalan #angka Pan$ang
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Pembentukan Kekebalan #angka Pan$ang(long-term immunity)
#ada .onta. pertama dgantigen mi.ro$a/ responsanti$odi teradi lam$atdlm $$rp hari sampaiter$entu. sel plasma !
a.an men(apai pun(a.dlm $$rp minggu%Respons primer& ! a.anmem$entu. sel memori
7i.a teradi .onta. dg
antigen yg sama/ .rnadanya sel memori/respons yg teradi mdle$ih (epat %Responsse.under&
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Gangguan Sistem Imun
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Selamat 1elaar/ Do Bour 1est