WOLLO UNIVERISTY INESTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING STREAM /COMMUNECATION DESIGN OF MICRO WAVE LIINK

06/JUNE/20 WOLLO UNIVERISTY INESTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING STREAM /COMMUNECATION Project to Intend Fulfill Micro wave Link Design Prepared By: 1. Tebeyn melkieitr/872/03 2. Teguaded adenew..ITR/875/03 3. Rahel worede..ITR/756/03 4. Sewalgn mognnet ...ITR/ /03 5. Walelign EskiziawITR/ 961/ 03 6. Molu gagna.ITR/699/03 7. Tadess Redai.ITR/74 /03 8. Wolelaw Nega ..ITR/ 965 /03 9. Endres Eshetu.ITR/ 051 /01 10. Nesanet Abebe..ITR/737/03 11.Nigist FentaITR/739/03 12 .selamawit G/hr..ITR/ 795/03 SUBMITION DATE 06/JUNE/2014 ADVISER ENGE.JOLAN.SY

TABLE OF CONTENTAcknowledgment....1Chapter 1: A. Objective...2 B. foreword to the design....3 C. scopes and limitations. D. significance of the study ...4 E. review of related literature...4Chapter 2: terms and definitions.. 42.1 . antenna gain... 42.2 .fading..42.3 Fade margin.... 42.4 Free space loss. 42.5 Fresnel zone .... 42.6 Line of sight ...52.7 micro wave ...52.8 micro wave link design.. 52.9 system operating marigin.6

Chapter 3: Factor consideration in choosing the site....73.1 equipment selection.8 3.2 population...9 3.3 Geographical and climate change.10 3.4 rain attenuation.10Chapter 4: site description 11 4.1 site A kombolcha11 4.2 site B shewa.13 4.3 site C Debre sina .13 4.4 site D mojo..15 4.5 site E Adama.15Chapter 5: path profile 17 5.1 path profile.18 5.2 site shewa ..19 5.3 site debere sina20 5.4 site mojo 21Chapter 6: link budget calculations 22 A. conditions for putting up a microwave link...............23 B. topographical map of the site.27 C. frequency plan28 D. antenna gain.29 E. free space loss..30 F. received signal level31 G. thermal fade margin..32 H.net path loss.. 33 I. flat fade margin34 J. reliability calculation35 Chapter 7: conclusions and recommendations 36 Chapter 8: Equipment specifications 37A. Antenna specifications.38 B. tower specifications38 C. waveguide specifications.38Appendices: Appendix A: curriculum vitae.39 Appendix B: picture gallery39 Appendix C: list of tables40 Appendix D: list of formulas40

ApprovalThis is to certify that the group have designed, conducted studies a documented important parameters in this micro wave design which was prepared by the group entitled micro wave link system design from kombolch to adama and this document has be submitted for Engineer. Jolan.sy

Engineer.Jolan sy

This document is to partial fulfillment of the subject Micro wave link design system.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTwe would like to express our sincere gratitude to our guide Engineer Jolane sy for his invaluable guidance and steadfast support during the course of this project work. Fruitful and rewarding discussions with him on numerous occasions have made this work possible. It has been a great pleasure for them to work under his guidance. we would also like to express our sincere thanks to all the group members of for their kind co-operation. We would like to acknowledge the assistance of all our friends in the project of completing this work.

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Chapter 1 Objective Forward to the design Scopes and limitations Significance of the Review of related literatureOBJECTIVES Configure a reliable Kombolcha-to- Adama microwave cellular communication system Make a plan for placing hardware on the network. Solve microwave radio link problems. Practice using some of the more common software and Hardware tools for measuring microwave link performance. Examine the kinds of microwave link components and Topology Options Commonly used in microwave link environments. Improve microwave connectivity using widely available utilities. Fix common problems that result from failures of the physical components of the microwave link.Forewordour paper describes and provides guidelines for the design and implementation of a four-hop microwave communication system in Kombolcha, Adama Ethiopia. determiniung whether a proposed path is "line of sight", evaluating path clerances with regard to refractive effects, evaluating path clearances with regard to Fresnal zones, considering path reflections, deriving a power budget and the fade margin as well as the path reliability.

1This design focuses on a microwave system designed for cellular communication. the system link's site A is located on Kombolcha, site B is located on Shewa, site C is located on debre sina, site D is located on Mojo and site E is located on Adama. A 6Ghz operating frequency is used for Hop 1, Hop 2, Hop 3 and Hop 4 and in each relay station in an SFN (single frequency network), the coupling from the transmitting antenna to receiving antenna causes loop interference. the interference must be reduced to an allowable level in order to avoid problems with distortion and oscillation so a coupling loop interference canceller was used.

SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS The scope of the proposed project is focused on: the design microwave link system is to operate at a frequency of 6 Ghz for Hop 1,Hop 2,Hop 3 and Hop 4. The system is comprised of one transmitter, one receiver. The limitation of the proposed projects are as follows: the distance between sites of each hop is limited to average 42 miles. the system is comprised of only four hops. the designed system is only to be used for cellular communication purposes. the microwave link covers the province of Kombolcha only.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY After the completion of the project it is planned to implement directly and immediately to the kombolcha to adama link. The project can solve many problems and also becomes best way of communication and time saving to access. Easy way of getting low cost microwave link with best properties. Manage and saving time to the society. Utilizations of available materials. Increase communication skills for technology Transformation etc.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREIN our project we briefly analyze the concept of micro wave link communication in related to the system design.Micro wave link design is methodical system and some times length process.As per IEEE,electro magnetic waves between 30and 300Ghz are called mill meter waves(mmw) instead micro wave and their wave length about 1 to 10mm micro wave radio links less affected by natural climates and more economically feasible. They are quickly developed and installed.It requires a clear line of sight (los) condition.Line of sight consideration are fersenal zone ,which is areas of constrictive and distractive interference created when electro magnetic propagation in free space reflected (multipath).

2Line of sight of micro wave link design takes in to account the content of Fresnel ellipsoids and their clearance criteria.Micro wave link design is considering different criteria which include in definition of terms in chapter two. Loss and attenuation calculations. Fading and fade margin calculations Frequency planning and interference calculations. Quality and availability calculations.

Radio link design begins by doing a link budget analysis and modulation systems.Micro wave link design have its own specification of link budget analysis and reliability of the system based on computed fade margin.This link design covers a very wide range and field of study.Micro wave link design passes many challenges .in addition to static gains and loss conesdirations,terrans and propagations.Dynamic gains can play a great role in determining whether a proposed path will have the required signal levels, clearances and reliability. if a progressive path is not line of sight, then an alternate route is considered the transmit and receive antennas in micro wave system should have a line of sight to be able to transmit the required signal and data.

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Chapter 2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONSFree space loss receive signal level link budget fade marginPath profile antenna gain micro wave link line of sightFresnel zone antenna band width receive threshold level receive sensitivity

Antenna gain. A measure of directivity properties and the efficiency of the antenna. It is defined as ratio of the radiation intensity in the peak intensity direction to the intensity that would be obtained if the power accepted by the antenna were radiated isotropic ally. The difference between the antenna gain and directivity is that the antenna efficiency is taken into account in the former parameter. Antenna gain is measured in db, i.e. decibels relative to isotropic antenna.Fading. Defined as the variation of the strengh of a received radio carrier signal due to atmospheric changes and ground and water reflections in the propagation path. Four fading types are considered while planning link. They are all dependent on path length and are estimated as the probability of exceeding a given (calculated) fade margin. Fading Margin. the signal to noise ratio of a specified channal falls below a specified minimum in order to avoid fading. Allowance made in radio system planning to accommodate estimated fading. Number of decibles of atunation which may be added to a specified radio-frequency propagation path beforeFree Space Loss. The signal attenuation that would result if all absorbing , diffracting, obstructing, refracting, scattering, and reflecting influences were sufficiently removed so as to have no effect on propagation.Fresnel Zone. Circular portions of a wave front transverse to a line between an emitter and a point where the disturbance is being observed.

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Line of Sight. An unobstructed view from transmitter to receiver.Microwave. These are the ultra high, super high and extremely high frequencies directly above the lower frequency ranges.Microwave Link Design. A methodical, systematic and sometimes lengthy process that includes: Attenuation/loss Calculations. Fade margins calculations. Receive Signal level calculation.Receive signal level. Receive signal level is the actual received signal level (usually measured in negative dBm) presented to the antenna port of a radio receiver from a remote transmitter.Receiver sensitivity. Receiver sensitivity is the weakest RF signal level (measured in negative dBm) that a radio needs receive in order to demodulate and decode a packet of data without errors.Receiver sensitivity threshold. is the signal level at which the radio runs continuous errors at a specified bit rate.

5Refraction-diffraction fading. Also known as K-type fading. For low k values, the earths surface becomes curved and terrain irregularities, man-made structures and other objects may intercept the Fresnel zone. For high k values, the earths surface gets close to a plane surface and better LOS(lower antenna height) is obtained. The probability of refraction-diffraction fading is therefore indirectly connected to obstruction attenuation for a given value of earth-radius factor.

System operating margin. System operating margin (SOM) is the difference (measured in dB) between the normal signal level received at one end of a radio link and the signal level required by that radio to assure that a packet of data is decoded without error.

6CHAPTER 3FACTOR CONSIDERATION IN CHOOSING THE SITEThere are number of site considerations which must be investigated in the filed survey, and the accumulated data should be recorded for subsequent use.A full description of each site by geographical coordinate, political sub divisions, access roads and physical objects with which it can be identified.Hence, in wire line transport micro wave link design is very important linkage between transmitter to receiver end to end connection of receiving wanted signal. especially in TV and Radio link equipment cost decrease, it is more economical in long term ,but before we try to choice this link design we under stand all of the design consideration that affect the design our design such as weather terrain deserts rift valleys path distance tower height and antenna.Frequency option:. Micro wave link systems in the 2Ghz to 6Ghz frequency carry transmit to longer distance ,which make more suitable for our country especially for rural areas terrain and weather, because of line of sight is micro wave link requirements such as terrain,maunitans,hills trees and buildings can block micro wave link signal and limit the distance of a micro wave path.Deserts and rift valleys :. In desert areas the reflection is low and lost performances is also an important consideration based on the performance of link design and radio equipment, antenna size ,tower height and terrain elevation will play major role in plan and construct large antenna system.

7If we use large antenna (lower frequency),which the path is longer and large requires larger tower and higher wind factor .Higher antenna have higher gain .we also consider the losses, their radiation pattern as signal travels through equipment transmit ion line or air .Path reliability normally has to meet some standards as the rest of the micro wave system. The objective applied to each hop is limited to a distance of 50 miles to end to end receive signal.EQUIPMENT SELECTION: When we selecting equipment, we consider the amount of power the system use to transmit and receive signals ,since more power usage equates to higher operating costs .path calculations to establish fade margin and system gain taking in to account an estimate of system down time for locate of the planned link.Fade margin is the allowance made to accommodate estimated proportion fading with out exceeding a specified signal to noise ratio.We give attention to transmitted power ,antenna height ,receiver sensitivity free space loss attenuation and reliability requirements of our micro wave radio link design.Population: site kocha,shewa,debresina,mojo and adama are located at the town of kombolcha to adama provinces.

8The population or our transmitter size put in is not much larger ,but the population is not that small to attain providing reliable information signal to the people.In our micro wave link design we also analyzed the population of adiss abeba and adama to use this link design. To fulfill this requirement almost link design is much as we want clear and suitable .Most of our hops are located around adiss Ababa which is in dbere sina,mojo and shewa .when we closely seen the line of sight from kombolcha to adama .there was large mountains ,deserts and reveres to limit the signal to pass the end point.GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATEIn our countery Ethiopia there are nine regions and two self governance states. From this region kombolcha and adama is our transmitter and receiver located.Both regions are in different areas so it have different geographical and climate condition.The mountains located in kombolcha is not that much longer but the area is full of rift valleys and deserts. In the region of adama until our receiver located in adama university there is mountaions,rift valleys and the whether condition of this region rainy compared to kombolcha which our transmitter located around registrar wollo university ,kombolcha campus.Rain attenuation: attenuation of a micro wave signal due to rain fall or snow along the path is present to some degree at all micro wave frequency but the effect is so small as to be in significant

9 CHAPTER 4 SITE DESCRIPTIONSite A KOMBOLCHA:. our micro wave link transmitter found in kombolcha town. Kombolcha town is found in south wollo administration zone, capital of north kalu woreda. In 23km away from Desie & 376km from Addis Ababa. The land in town was owned by feudal & the income of mayor was from palace. Before expansion of town there was forest with wild life. The strategic location of town even if good, due lack of governance the development of town was slow. The master plan of town was prepared in 1965E.C. According to the master plan 8,236,250m2 area was include and. Located in the Debub Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region, it has a latitude and longitude of 115N 3944E / 11.083N 39.733E / 11.083; 39.733 with an elevation between 1842 and 1915 meters above sea level. Some guide books describe Kombolcha as the twin city of Dessie which lies some 13km to the northwest.This city shares Combolcha Airport with neighbouring Dessie. It is also home to Kombolcha Steel products, a metalworking factory that is part of MIDROC, a conglomerate owned by businessman Sheikh Mohammed Al Amoudi.[1] Another industry in this town is the Kombolcha Textile Factory (KTF), which announced 9 March 2009 that it was beginning a 190 million Birr modernization project to improve the quality of its projects. At the time of the announcement, the KTF exported its goods to Italy, Sweden, Belgium and China.

The population in 1962 E.C was 4000 within 20 years also in 1976E.C the population was 15,478 details, male 7006 & female 8776. When the missionary Johann Ludwig Krapf was led as a prisoner from Adare Bille's capital to the Teledere House of the Wollo Oromo in April 1843 he passed Kombolcha, which he described as a village near the source of the Borkana River. Kombolcha was described during the Italian occupation as having postal and telephone service, a clinic, a spaccio ("tobacco shop"), barrack village of the A.A.S.S. as well as other improvements intended for Italians. Kombolcha was used as a base by the United Nations relief organization and other humanitarian groups during the 1984 famine. On 19 November 1989 the Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) claimed to have captured Kombolcha. However, the highway from Kombolcha to Assab was not fully brought under TPLF control until the Derg was expelled from Tigray later that year.

10The 1994 national census reported a total population for Kombolcha of 39,466 in 8,643 households, of whom 18,995 were men and 20,471 were women. The three largest ethnic groups reported in this town were the Amhara (91.34%), Tigrayan (5.85%), and the Oromo (1.29%); all other ethnic groups made up 1.52% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 93.02%, 5.2% Tigrinya, and 1.11% spoke Oromiffa; the remaining 0.67% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the inhabitants were Muslim, with 57.42% of the population having reported they practiced that belief, while 41.71% of the population said they professed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. EducationWollo University, Kombolcha Institute of Technology is established at Kombolcha and offering engineering courses at undergraduate level. KIOT is offering Mechanical Engineering, Textile Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering, Civil Engineering,Chemical Engineering, Computer and Information Science courses etc

Site B shewa: Shewacommercial centre is Addis Ababa. Shewa is bounded on the northwest by the Blue Nile River and on the southwest by the Omo River; its eastern and southeastern boundaries are in the Great Rift Valley along the Awash River,also spelled Showa, or Shoe, historic kingdom of central Ethiopia. It lies mostly on high plateau.

Shewa was the residence of regional kings from the mid-10th century to the end of the 14th century. In 1528 Shewa was overrun by Muslim invaders from the state of Adal to the east, and its ancient cities were destroyed. For over a century afterward, Shewa was penetrated by the Oromo began at once, and, when Menilek became emperor of the whole country in 1889, Addis Ababa became the capital of Ethiopiacountry, rising to 13,123 feet (4,000 m) in Mount buy Mda. Its modern capital and mainpeople from the south, who moved into the political vacuum left in the region and established themselves in farming communities as far north as the Blue Nile valley. In 1856 Shewa was incorporated into the Ethiopian empire by the emperor Tewodros (Theodore) II, but Menilek II regained his kingdom of Shewa and in 1886 chose the site for Addis Ababa, his future capital. Building Site c deberesina:.Site E mojo:.Mojo (also transliterated as Modjo is a town in central Ethiopia, named after the nearby Modjo River. Located in the Misraq Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region, it has a latitude and longitude of 839N 395E / 8.650N 39.083E / 8.650; 39.083 with an elevation between 1788 and 1825 meters above sea level. It is the administrative center of Lome woredaMojo is not only accessible by road (a road connecting the town to Adama was built before the Italian conquest) but has been the location of a train station of the Addis Ababa - Djibouti Railway since the line was extended from Dire Dawa to Akaki in 1915. With the railroad, Mojo also gained telegraph (later telephone) service and a restaurant to serve travelers

11The earliest mention of Mojo is in the Futuh al-Habasha, which mentions that Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi burned a village namedFatagar.[3] "Masin" and a church belonging to the Emperor prior to the Battle of Shimbra Kure; at the time, Mojo was part of the former province of fig around mojoSite F adama univeristy:. Adama Science and Technology University (formerly known as Nazareth Technical College, Nazareth College of Technical Teachers Education, and Adama University) is a university with branches in Adama city and a branch in Asella, and Debre Zeyit cities, Oromia Region, Ethiopia and also in camAddis Ababa (Winget pus).Established in September 1993, Adama Science and Technology University was the first institute in Ethiopia to offer degree programs for technical teachers. Formerly it was known as Nazareth Technical College and Nazareth College of Technical Teachers Education. The university adopted the name Adama University on July 9, 2005. For this vision to materialize, the university community is working towards joining the real world with the academia. And an instance of this could be the initial steps towards creating a Research Park in our university, the first of its kind in the Ethiopian context. This Research Park would be an Industrial area with all its facilities devoted to research and development issues, thereby allowing the university community, students and staff alike, as well as industries, to join forces.

fig around adama83352N 391731E / 8.5644743N 39.29208E / 8.5644743; 39.29208

12The university was established in 1993 as Nazareth Technical College (NTC), and was later renamed as Nazareth College of Technical Teacher Education (NCTTE), specializing in training technical teachers until 2003. The same college became a university, namely Adama University (AU), in 2006. Five years later, the university once again changed its name to Adama Science and Technology University (ASTU). Currently, the university is located in two different towns-in Adama, the main campus, and Asella, home to the two different campuses hosting the School of Agriculture and School of Health Sciences, respectively CHAPTER 5 PATH PROFILE

figure: line of sight from kombolcha to Adama

A03691215182124273033363943

fres049.1766.8878.5286.5791.9995.2296.4895.8593.2988.6481.5471.258.970

elev6121601146354597455555135496749874987502154225823614364006632

gt202020202020202020202020202020

eb0214160789511112611195786041210

total6141703356415605456535240509651335137513655226083620464416652

New tot1141203514151054653240961551371365221083120414411652

13

site shewa to debresinaB0369121518212427303336394246

fres049.567.2379.1987.6693.5897.4399.4399.7298.2995.0889.8882.3471.7056.250

ele6632680268107133727573257627775079608148832884248579878388259210

gt20202020202020202020202020202020

eb022.54464.584102.5120136.5136.5120102.58464.54422.50

tot66526844.568747217.573797447.577677906.58116.582588450.585288663.58863.58867.59230

new652844.58741217.513791445.517671906.52116.522582450.525282663.52863.52867.53230

14site debresina to mojoC03691215182124273033363942454850

49.4049.467.679.988.895.399.9102103103.7101.998.593.486.276.362.40

elev564358295839608160536189647864056540667667566891702770307110701273057399

eb024.54870.592112.5132150.5168168150.5132112.59270.54824.50

gt202020202020202020202020202020202020

tot56635873.558876171.561656321.566306575.5672868646926.570437159.571427200.570807348.57419

New663873.58871171.511651321.516301575.5172818641926.520432159.521422200.520802348.52419

site mojo to adamaD03691215182124273033363942

Fers049.166.777.286.191.494.495.394.491.286.1782.66.749.10

Elev733372477212706169726662673765936505643762446230609259985860

Gt202020202020202020202020202020

Eb020.54058.57692.5108122.510892.57658.54020.50

Tot73537287.572.727139.570686774.568656735.566336549.563406308.561526038.55880

15new23532287.522722139.520681774.518661735.516331549.513401308.511521038.5880

16

CHAPTER 6 LINK BUDGET CALCULATIONA. putting up a micro wave linkPath length (site A- to site B) 43 milesPath length (site B to site C) 46 milesPath length (site C to site D)50 milesPath length (site D to- site E )42 milesTotal path length=181 milesReliability requirement 99.9999%B.Frequency planFOR HOP 1Frequency used =6 GHzWave guide 2dB/100fitAntenna diameter=8 fitTransmitted power =80dBmReceive signal level=-91dBfrom kombolcha to shewaA03691215182124273033363943

fres049.1766.8878.5286.5791.9995.2296.4895.8593.2988.6481.5471.258.970

elev6121601146354597455555135496749874987502154225823614364006632

gt202020202020202020202020202020

eb0214160789511112611195786041210

Total6141703356415605456535240509651335137513655226083620464416652

17New tot1141203514151054653240961551371365221083120414411652

B. free space lossFresnel zone ==72.1*=96.5 ftFSL=96.6+20logD+20 log F(where ,D is in miles)96.6+20 log25+20log 6=132.9dBFSL=20Log6+20log18+96.6=137dBGain of antenna=7.5+20 log B(fit)+20log F(GHZ)7.5+20log 6+20 log 8(fit)=41dB=41dBGT=GR=41dBTotal loss=FSL+TR+TL=4.29+5.24+144.8=154.32dBfor tower and antenna specification, Fresnel +growth tree +EB=96.5+20+34=144.5ftTransmitting line length transmitter=2/100*tower height of A=70*3.28*2/100=4.29dBTransmitting line length receiver =2/100*tower height of B=80*3.28*2/100

18=5.248dBReceive signal level po+GT+GR-TL-TR-FSL-fsl=80+82-4.29-5.24-132-137==-54.34dBFade margin =receive signal level-receive threshold levelFM=RSL-RTL=91-54.34=36.6dBRELABILITY=(1-m)*100%=99.9%M=a*b*2.5*10^-6*F*D^3*10^-FM/10A=0.25 it is very mountain rough surface=0.125=for mountain or desertIt is usable fade margin .LINK PARAMETRESHOP1For frequency of 6 GHZParameterValueUnit

Transmitted power=80dB

Gain of antenna(GT)=41Db

Gain of antenna receiver(GR)=41Db

Receive signal level(RSL)=-54Db

Minimum Receive threshold level(RTL)=-91Db

Free space loss(FSL)=144.8Db

TL=4.29dB

TR=5.24dB

Fade margin

Reliability

FOR HOP 2

19Frequency plan=6GHZAntenna diameter(B)=6fitWave guide 2Db/100fitTransmitted power=48dBmMinimum threshold level =-91dBfrom site shewa to debresinaB0369121518212427303336394246

fres049.567.2379.1987.6693.5897.4399.4399.7298.2995.0889.8882.3471.7056.250

ele6632680268107133727573257627775079608148832884248579878388259210

gt20202020202020202020202020202020

eb022.54464.584102.5120136.5136.5120102.58464.54422.50

tot66526844.568747217.573797447.577677906.58116.582588450.585288663.58863.58867.59230

new652844.58741217.513791445.517671906.52116.522582450.525282663.52863.52867.53230

Fresnel zone = 72.1* =72.1==99.8 ftfor tower and antenna specification, Fresnel +growth tree +EB=99.8+20+25=144.8ftFree space loss=96.6+20logD+20logFFSL=96.6+20log 46+20log 6

20=145.4dbGT=7.5+20log 8+20log6=38.6dbGR=GT=38.6dbTL=2/100*tower height of B=80*3.28*2/100=5.24dbGrief=22.2+20log6+20log(A fit squire)+20log cos()/2=RSL=P0t+GR+GT-TL-TR-FSL+Grefl=17.99+77.2-5.24-6.56-145.4=-62FM=RSL-RTL=91-62=29=29Reliability=99.9%=99.9%It is usable and acceseptable fade marginLink parameterAt a frequency of 6 GHZPARAMETERVALUEUINT

Fade margin29dB

Transmitted power48dBm

Gain of antenna(GT)38.6dB

Gain of antenna receiver(GR)38.6dB

Receive signal level(RSL)-62dB

Minimum Receive threshold level(RTL)-91dB

Free space loss(FSL)145.4dB

TL5.24Db

TR6.56Db

21

FOR HOP 3

site debresina to mojoC03691215182124273033363942454850

49.4049.467.679.988.895.399.9102103103.7101.998.593.486.276.362.40

elev564358295839608160536189647864056540667667566891702770307110701273057399

eb024.54870.592112.5132150.5168168150.5132112.59270.54824.50

gt202020202020202020202020202020202020

tot56635873.558876171.561656321.566306575.5672868646926.570437159.571427200.570807348.57419

New663873.58871171.511651321.516301575.5172818641926.520432159.521422200.520802348.52419

72.1*=72.1*=104.06ftfor tower and antenna specification, Fresnel +growth tree +EB=104.06+20+11.5=136.01ftFSL=96.6+20log6+20log50=146.14dbGR=GT=7.5+20log6+20log6=38.6db

22TL=100*3.28*2/100=6.56db=tr=6.56dbRSL=p0+GT+GR-TL-TR-FSL=17.99+77.2-6.56-6.56-146.14=-64dbFM=RSL-RTL=91-64=27RELABILITY=99.9%ParameterValueUnit

Transmitter power 48dBm

Antenna gain tr38.6dB

Antenna gain re38.6dB

Minimum threshold level(RTL)-91dB

Free space loss146.14dB

TR6.56dB

TL6.56dB

RSL-64Db

FM27

FOR HOP4site mojo to adamaD03691215182124273033363942

Fers049.166.777.286.191.494.495.394.491.286.1782.66.749.10

Elev733372477212706169726662673765936505643762446230609259985860

Gt202020202020202020202020202020

Eb020.54058.57692.5108122.510892.57658.54020.50

Tot73537287.572.727139.570686774.568656735.566336549.563406308.561526038.55880

new23532287.522722139.520681774.518661735.516331549.513401308.511521038.5880

23

Fresnel= 72.1*72.1*=95.3ftFSL=96.6+20log6+20log42=144.06GR=GT=38.6Dbfor tower specification, Fresnel +growth tree +EB= 95.3+20+10.5=120.8ftTR=TL=80*3.28*2/100=5.24dbRSL=P0+GR+GT-TL-TR-FSL=17.99+77.2-6-5.24-5.24-144.06=-59DbReliability=99.999%ParameterValueUnit

Transmited power48dBm

RSL-59Db

RTL-91dB

GR38.6dB

GT38.6dB

TL5.24dB

TR5.24dB

FM32

24

Reliability calculation

Site information kocha(A) shewa(B) debre sina(c) mojo(D) adamaLongitude 3944E 839N 395E 83352N 391731ELatitiude 115NSite elevation 6121 6632 5643 7333 5860 Antenna height 40m 50m 50m 50m 40mTower height 70m 80m 100m 100m 80mRTL=-91dBFade margin=Equipment informationTransmited power out put=48dBMRTL=-91dBWave guide loss: site A=4.29dband TR=5.24dbSite B=TL=5.24and TR=6.56db

25Site C=TL=6.56dband TR6.56dbSite D=TL=5.24and TR=5.24dbSite E=TR=5.24DBANTENNA GAIN siteA siteB siteC site dGR=38.6 41 38.6 38.6 38.6GT=38.6PATH LOSSES 144.8 145.4 146.14 144.06FSLTLTRFADE MARGIN hop 1 hop 2 hop 3 hop 4Flat fade margin = 36 27 26 26Path reliabilityHop 1 hop2 hop3 hop 499.9% 99.9% 99.9% 99.9%

26CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONMicrowave link design is a specific sort of engineering in the broader field of communications. Most installers know that clear line of sight is required between two antennas, but there is a lot more to it than that. To have some certainty as to whether your wireless link will be reliable, an RF path analysis needs to be performed.A clear understanding of the microwave network build-out process is essential for the successful implementation of a project, whether it is a new system or an upgrade/expansion of an existing one.Upon the completion of this design, we were able to approximately meet the needed outcomes and conditions regarding the design. We were able to make a point-to-point cellular link system design having a 99.99% reliability. Due to the factors of different whether condition , far path length distance and geographical earth back ground. But our design is usable and acceptable. Due to the importance of a design like this, we highly recommended this paper to the students who are interested in microwave communications system design and to those who are required to take the subject microwave engineering and make their own link design.

27 Chapter 8 REFERENCE Books:[1] Gte.l enkurt book[2] Ampoloquio. j(2005)super book system and technology.[3] Fernzel, j(1994)communication electronic-2nd edition[4] Rule, m, fundamental of micro wave[5] Freeman (1991)tell communication transmit ion book -3rd edition[6] Link design guide[7] Richard pankhurst,economic:Hile selase university history of Ethiopia (addis abeba 1968).[8]CSA2005 national stastics local history in ethiopia (pdf)[9]census 2007 tables[10] kombolcha steel induestry goes in to production.

28Internet:http://digital micro wave radio communicationwww.electronicslab.plwww.google..orghttp://andrue micro wave antennawww.wikipid APPENDICS A. curriculum vitaIn this micro wave communication we pass different obstacles and know about how to designthe system. In this design all group members know about how the system design and workIn micro wave link design we will try to design the link and know about the system work and itsperformance and availability.In our project you must know about what mean transmitter, receiver, antenna, Fresnel, loss, reliability, and down time of the link design.All instructors and students know about by reading this project who is concerned and interested to know this micro wave communicate

B. LIST OF FORMULAS:Fresnel=72.1 (where d1&d2 are end to end path length),D is total length F and D are in GHZ and miles respectively.

29Fresnel in KM17.3(where d1and d2 in km and F IN GHZ)ANTENNA GAIN=7.5+20logB+20logFFSL=96.6+20logD+20log F (Din miles and F IN GHZ)94.4+20LogD+20logF (Din km and F IN GHZ)Physical earth bulgPhysical earth curvatureH=d1*d2/1.5Effective earth bulgeH=d1*d2/1.5k (where k is index of refraction)RSL=p0+GR+GT-TR-TL-FSLFM=RSL-RTL (RPT)R=(1-m)*100% , M=a*b*2.5*10^-6*D^3*10^-FM/10A=0.25 for our design due to mountains, b=0.125Rectangular wave guide= WR 137-3dB/100fitNet path loss=power out put RSLP0dbm=10logp0/1mw, P0db=10logp0/1wTotal path loss=FSL+TL+TR

30 C. LIST OF FIGUERS:

31 micro wave link design