History of the Koga Ryuby Don Roleysource: http://www.bujinkanwakodojo.com

Along with the Iga, the Koga is one of the most famous names in ninjutsu history. Inrecent years there has been great interest in the west over ninjutsu, and as a resultthe interest in Koga has also risen. But the majority of the information commonlyavailable has been wrong. This is particularly true of the internet.

First among the misconceptions is the very name of the area and style. While the restof Japan looks at the characters used in the name of the region and pronounces it'Koga' (or more correctly 'Kouga' with a long 'o' sound) the residents have longreferred to the area as 'Kouka'. Most Japanese do not know this, as they deal onlywith the characters. But it is amazing how many self- proclaimed master of Koga ryuninjutsu do not know even the proper term for an art they supposedly learned. For thepurposes of this article, I will use the term Koga since it is the more commonly usedterm.

When Stephen Hayes first introduced Togakure ryu to the west he set up anorganization called "The Shadows of Iga" since the Togakure ryu is said to have beenpassed down through the Iga region of Japan. Many would- be ninja then seem tohave set themselves up as Koga ryu, probably to try to explain how their art was sodifferent from that being presented as an Iga style. But in reality, the Iga and Kogaregions were very close physically, culturally and politically. Both areas are next toeach other and were part of the Suzuka mountain range, with a long shared history.Indeed, until the regions of Japan were determined by the Yamato court alongarbitrary lines Iga and Koga were considered part of the same area. Under the newlines drawn, Iga formed a province of itself and Koga was a small part of Omi provincejust north of Iga. In many ways the Koga area had more in common with Iga thanwith the rest of Omi. Later Japanese dramas and novels have portrayed the Koga andIga and being bitter rivals, but aside from a few minor quarrels common to all areas inall of history this was not the case.

Looking at the records of the regions one finds that there are a lot of cases where theninja of both worked and trained together. Iga and Koga were perhaps the cradle ofthe birth of what was later to become known as ninjutsu due to a wide variety ofcircumstances. The people of the region of Iga had long been known as resentful ofauthority and those that ruled often did so in little more than name.

When Japan started to slide into the morass of the age of wars the locals formed theirown government and ruled themselves by a council of the local strong men. One ofthe rules that this council wrote that has survived is that they would help and supporttheir allies in Koga to the north. The Koga also had a limited form of self rule. Omi wasruled by the Rokaku family at the time, and in return for a pledge of support to hisrule they were granted a form of self determination in their internal affairs. This selfrule allowed the Koga and Iga to hire themselves out as military specialists to outsidepowers. Later land records of Koga list certain residents as if they were the vassals oflords outside of their domain. It was in this setting that the Iga and Koga were able tohone their specialized skills. This self rule allowed the Ninja to have an arrangement

similar to that of mercenary forces such as the Swiss pike men and GermanLandsknechts from the middle ages. Self rule for Koga and Iga meant that matterspertaining to the internal rule of the area were secure, but did not mean that all thefactions would support each other outside of their land. To a student of military historyof the west, finding mercenaries from a region fighting on both sides of a conflict isnot surprising. It is much the same with regards to Koga and Iga. One groupcomposed of Iga and Koga might be on one side of a war, with another group fightingagainst them. Some families had long ties with their employers, and the dual nature oftheir loyalties with them and to their region caused conflicts as well.

In 1487 the Koga were called to honor their pledge to the Rokaku family and theyresponded, along with several specialists from Iga. The time was 10 years after thedisastrous Onin war. The war, which was nominally over the succession of theAshikaga shogunate, ignited conflicts that had been long smoldering into open flame.The whole country plunged into the madness of war and that condition continuedunabetted until the Tokugawa shoguns were established early in the seventeenthcentury. Within a few years after the start of the Onin war the Ashikaga Shoguns inKyoto were almost powerless, but not entirely. The head of the Rokaku family,Takayori, had enraged the shogun Ashikaga Yoshihisa and fled to his province of Omi.There he called up the Ninja of Koga, who also brought along some of their Igabrothers. Yoshihisa followed. He set up camp at Magari village, in Koga.

There the Koga/Iga commando group struck. Using stealth skills they reeked havocamong the defenders. In their raids the ninja burned the defenders provisions,scattered their horses and injured many men. The shogun's forces were unable tomove for a while as a result and kept behind their defensive works around the camp.Possibly as a result of the poor hygienic standards that have plagued military campsfrom the start of history, Shogun Yoshihisa sickened and eventually died of disease.The reputation of the ninja of the region skyrocketed. Because it happened in an agewhen curses and magic were thought to have effect even the Shogun's illness wascredited to the skills of the Koga ninja. There may be some exaggeration to this story,and indeed it may be even questioned that it true at all since it is based on storieswritten later on. But it is a fact that the most effective 53 families of the Koga regionwho served the Rokaku family were honored and given the title of the '53 families ofKoga.' Amazingly, according to a later history by the Ashikaga shoguns, there wereninja from Iga serving inside the camp of the Shogun as other ninja from the sameregion assaulted them! This history has been questioned by later historians for it'saccuracy as well, but it would not be unusual for the time.

This period, the beginning of the age of wars known in Japanese as the Sengoku Jidai,is the real start of good records and accounts of what would later be known asninjutsu. What form ninjutsu took before this is shrouded in mystery and subject tocountless debates. Part of the problem is defining what ninjutsu is. Since man firstfought man; stealth, secrecy and sneak attacks have been part of human warfare. Allof these form part of Japanese ninjutsu, but trying to determine what distinguishesninjutsu from other forms of warfare is a matter of great debate.

The Bansenshukai was a book written in the early Edo period after the age of warsand it was shared between the Iga and Koga. In it, it says that a true ninja must be

proficient in both Innin and Younin. Innin is the method of entering the enemies areaby concealing one's form, i.e. stealth. Younin is doing the same, while not concealingoneself, i.e. Disguise and espionage. The book takes time to give some examples ofwell known ninja only to state that if they had truly been great ninja there would beno record of what they did. From a historical viewpoint this presents a problem.

Much of what the ninja of the region did was of a nature to not make it into therecords, and that which does appear in them is only one side of the coin. A Kogaresident who wandered through a province, making good maps of the roads, counts ofthe provisions and troops and even a survey of the strong points by stealth and didnot get caught doing so left little record. After he turned in his report he would takehis pay and all history would note is that perhaps a certain warlord knew exactlywhere to attack when he invaded a province. By comparison, a ninja raid into abesieged castle that ended up with part of it being burned to the ground is very hardto keep from the records. Thus we are left with little other than the most dramaticepisodes with little mention of the espionage aspect to the ninja. Also, early recordsand such for the region are somewhat scarce and sometimes contradictory.

Since early times the area of Iga and Koga had been fairly close to the capital, but farenough away to not be totally under it's thumb. It's area is crossed with mountainsand valleys, and before modern times travel was difficult. So since the Nara period(early eighth century) the area had been known as a refuge of those who had fallenout of favor with the court, bandits and soldiers on the losing side of various wars.

The records of the later ninja clans of the area are of little help in trying to determinethe evolution of the area. For the most part they are little more than exaggerations.This is true of all the surviving records of the families of the region. Many of thefamilies claimed important ancestors such as Minamoto no Yoshitsune or KusunokiMasashige. Both of these men were great warriors who were defeated and killed.There may be some truth to such stories.

The ancestors of some of the families might have been vassals to these men who thenhad to flee and hide after their masters were killed. But as historical documents thefamily traditions of the Koga and Iga are not given much credit. Part of the problem isthat the ninja of Iga and Koga were not really part of a ryuha. The name Koga-ryuwas applied later to describe them, but in period accounts they were always known asthe Koga group (Koga-shu, Koga gumi) or Iga group. A ryuha is a political and socialorganization as well as a means of teaching a particular skill.

The training of the ninja, from what scholars have been able to determine, was notthat structured. Groups trained together and there probably was a great deal ofinformation exchanged. Most of what went on could be called learning a familytradition and differed from typical ryuha structures. Later histories of arts that hadtheir roots in the area called themselves Koga ryu, but usually added on their familyname or a name of their founder with a -ha after it. For example, a family calledTanaka might say that they practiced the Koga ryu, Tanaka-ha. But of course it reallywas not a ryuha and the names as such came after the end of the age of wars.

During the sengoku jidai the Koga were busy. They fought in areas mainly around thecentral plain area of Japan. That area was also the center of some of the most viciousfighting seen in Japan as armies vied for control over Kyoto, the emperor and the seatof shogun. During this time, some of the Koga gained employment with the Tokugawafamily, which was then using the name 'Matsudaira.' In 1562 they helped the futurefirst Tokugawa shogun to secure some hostages that had been held over his head,allowing him to switch alliances from the Imagawa family to that of Oda Nobunaga.

Nobunaga is known to history as the first of the three unifiers of Japan, but he is notknown for his patience or gentleness. In time he held sway over most of Japan,including the areas around the capital. He eventually took possession of Omi province,and with it Koga. The Rokaku family had not shown much efforts to expand theirdomains, but Nobunaga was eager to place all under heaven into his hands. The ideaof warriors like the ninja serving other lords and possibly used against him was not apleasant thought to him. Many of the Koga ninja submitted to Nobunaga.

But at least one, Sugitani Zenjubo, made an attempt on Nobunaga's life. A personfrom Koga by the name of Takigawa had urged Nobunaga to go in and completelybreak the back of the families in the area. Takigawa undoubtably saw himself as beingnamed head after the pacification was complete. But Nobunaga was dissuaded fromdoing so by Tokugawa Ieyasu.

It was a debt the Koga later were to repay with their loyalty to the Tokugawa house.During the battle of Iga (Tensho Iga no ran) the central prong of Nobunaga's thrustfrom the north took them through the Koga region. The Koga fought in support oftheir brothers to the south, or at least some of them did.

Some prominent names from Koga such as the Mochizuki are mentioned in lateraccounts. For their trouble, many of the Koga were killed and their villages burned tothe ground. The second invasion of Iga massed more soldiers than the province heldin population at the time. It was a doomed effort from the start. Many of the ninja,realizing the futile nature of the effort, fled. This is known as the Diaspora of Iga ninja.Ironically, it may have helped the Iga traditions to survive.

Among the Iga who fled some found new employment with outside lords. Some hadalready been in the employ of outside lords and were welcomed easily and becamepermanent members of their armies. They ceased to be known really as Iga ninja.Some were still called the Iga groups, but most took on the names of the area theycame to, the name of some ancestor or their family name and added on '-ryu' on theend.

This was the start of many traditions such as Kishu-ryu Ninjutsu who had fled to Kiiprovince after Iga was invaded. Nobunaga did not live too long after Iga wasdestroyed. In 1582 he was killed by one of his vassals. Tokugawa Ieyasu was caughtin unfriendly land as the struggle to pick up the pieces after Nobunaga's death wenton. He enlisted the aid of one of his men, Hattori Hanzo of Iga, to piece together a

group composed of Iga and Koga ninja to help him escape to his home province in theEast.

During the flight, Ieyasu even was able to take the time to recover for a few days atone of the houses of a Koga ninja in his employ. The ninja of Koga had repaid thefavor shown them by Ieyasu and they became trusted vassals of the man who laterbecame the head of Japan. Hattori and his Iga ninja were also rewarded, Hattori bybecoming a general in charge of the irregular forces from the Iga and Koga region.About 300 total ninja from Iga and Koga became permanent vassals of the Tokugawa.

In 1600 the Koga served Ieyasu in the defense of Fushimi castle. The castle was on aroute vital to the armies of Ishida Mitsunari in the events leading up to Sekigahara-the battle that helped set up the Tokugawa as shogun. Unfortunately it was also deepwithin the Ishida's sphere of influence. Ieyasu hoped to draw off as much strengthfrom the armies marching towards Sekigahara in a siege of Fushimi castle, but it wasa clear conclusion that the castle would fall and the defenders killed.

Ieyasu offered the man he left in charge, Torii Mototada, more men but was rebuffedwith the logic that no matter how many men held the castle it would fall. Despite this,Ieyasu had a great percentage of the warriors from Koga help the defenders. Someserving inside the castle, others harassing the besieger's camp from outside. Asinsurance, Ieyasu held their families hostage. About a hundred Koga ninja or moredied in this battle that was a forgone conclusion from the start. But they had managedto draw off a lot of the force and give the Tokugawa time to array their forces. Indoing so the survivors were again elevated in the graces of the Tokugawa.

In the Winter and Summer sieges of Osaka castle in 1615 men from both Koga andIga served in the armies of the Tokugawa. In 1638 a ten man group from Koga wassent to help the besiegers of Shimabara castle, where several hundred disaffectedpeasants and Christians had raised a revolt. The two oldest ninja, in their 60s, werealso veterans of Sekigahara. Some have tried to say that the Koga's inability tounderstand what the local dialect was made their mission a failure, but this is not true.The Koga did serve admirably. While they were unable to pass themselves off asnatives and gather information they did perform some daring raids and werecommended for their service.

The army under the Tokugawas at that time was already starting to show the rot thatpeace tends to bring on, and the castle finally fell after the defenders were reduced tostarvation rather than due to any daring assault. After this last battle, the fortunes ofthe Koga as ninja started to decline. Ironically, their high status helped them in this asthey were promoted up into other professions that were more prestigious, but hadlittle to do with ninjutsu.

In Iga, the man in charge of the province welcomed back many of the ninja who hadfled during the battle with Nobunaga. He carefully registered them and organizedthem into what could be called reserve units. They did not receive a stipend likesamurai did, but they were expected to serve and hone their skills as intelligence

gatherers. Sometimes they received a small supplement to what they grew. But forthe most part they had to live their lives as farmers and other members of the non-samurai class. This was an advantage in a way, since it kept them in touch with thecommon people whom they disguised themselves as.

The Edo period was a time when there was great differences between samurai andnon- samurai, and a little mistake in one's cover could cause it to be blown. The ninjaof Iga still lived as peasants and could pass themselves off as them. According torecords, they usually worked half a day on whatever they did for a living and thentrained with others the rest of the day. The Koga and Iga in the capital soon rose inprestige, and they left their humble origins behind. Some of the Koga were organizedinto gun corps. Both Iga and Koga served as guards at the shogun's castle as well asjoining the local police forces. A lot of Koga became hatamoto (direct vassals to theshogun). Most samurai of the time served one of the daimyo who in turn ownedallegiance to the shogun, but the hatamoto were answerable only to the shogun. Thiswas a great step up from the Iga ninja who were still working on their farms, but iteffectively cut them off from being ninja. The hatamoto were underemployed for mostof their existence and became a source of problems. Some, but not all, became littlebetter than troublemakers who were protected by their status. When the last shoguntried to organize the hatamoto into a western style infantry unit they blanched at theidea as being beneath them.

In 1716, the real death knoll for the Koga as ninja was rung. Tokugawa Yoshimunebecame shogun. Unlike previous shoguns he was not of the main line. He came fromthe Kii branch of the Tokugawas, one of three families specially set up to provide heirsshould there be a problem with the main line. Yoshimune brought in a lot of his ownpeople from Kii to run the government in Edo. Among those were the ninja of theKishu ryu. Yoshimune was one of the most efficient shoguns Japan had ever seen. Heset the government back on it's feet economically and spearheaded efforts to try torevive the martial side of the samurai. By this time the samurai were barely worthy ofthe name warriors. It was about this time that Yoshimune set up the 'Oniwaban' groupof ninja based on his Kishu ninja and reorganized the intelligence service to moreaccurately serve the nation, not as an espionage unit, but as an internal security unit.This shift in organization was an important one, and it did not start under Yoshimune,only strengthened. In the Edo period the Metsuke system was the primary way thatthe Tokugawa kept control and maintained the peace.

The metsuke was not a secret agent. His role was kind of a cross between a FBI agentand an ambassador. His role was very high profile in the court of the daimyo he wassent to serve. While he could not hide in the shadows like the ninja of old, it was veryhard for the daimyo to plot anything while he was constantly around and keeping hiseyes open. His role as a representative of the central powers may have made him lesseasy to fit into a disguise, but it did insure a degree of safety from harm. Metsukewere rarely antagonistic to the lords they were sent to look over. They were very keenon maintaining good relations with everyone. An example of the metsuke from themovies is the evil leader of the plot in the movie "Sanjuro" starring Toshiro Mifune.

Ninjas in the past entered into enemy territory to map and survey things. TheBansenshukai lists things like how to estimate the height of buildings and width of

things like rivers and moats by means of a form of geometry. Distance on a road couldbe kept by knowing how to count steps and convert them into standardmeasurements. A ninja could walk through a province and come out with a fairlyaccurate map of the area and survey the castles by entering using stealth. However,the metsuke of the Edo period stood over the surveyors and took notes while theyworked and openly sent maps and such that they had gathered to the shogunate. Allwork on fortifications had to be approved and monitored by the representatives of theshogun, and they took very accurate notes while any such surveying and building wasgoing on. On occasion, the metsuke took on the role of a investigative agent. But thatwas all very overt in it's nature. Sometimes the shogunate wished to destroyparticularly troublesome clans and needed an excuse gathered by the metsuke to doso. But more often the shogunate feared the result of large numbers of samuraisuddenly forced into ronin status and so they worked with the clans elders to seek outand correct problems before they occurred. In some cases, what was good for the clanwas not the best thing for the lord in power and sometimes clans would force theirown corrupt daimyos to retire and make way for their heirs.

According to records, sometimes the ninja still in Iga would be requisitioned to assistin determining the mood of the peasants. The Tokugawa were scared to death of theidea of a peasant revolt. Several occurred during the Edo period. The ninja of Iga didnot enter castles like they used to, but they did serve as a way of finding out what thepeasants were thinking. If an agent disguised as a traveling peddler reported that atevery stop of his journey he had heard bad stories about the local daimyo then theshogunate knew they had a potential riot on their hands.

Some traditions from Koga were not part of the Tokugawa but instead took servicewith other lords where they kept their skills alive outside of the influence of Edo.These schools then ceased to be known as Koga ryu and instead followed the exampleof many of the Iga ninja during the Diaspora who took separate names based on thelord they served or the name of an ancestor. As such, they really ceased to beclassified as members of the Koga ryu. So it went on for decades, centuries even. Theneed for entering enemy territory and completing missions of espionage and sabotagewas effectively taken away from the Koga. Their status was considerable in theShogunate, but people like Hichiro Okuse are clear when they state that the Kogawere not ninja by the end of the era. Lessons that had been learned in blood had beenlost and they had become little more than security guards and bureaucrats.

When Commodore Perry sailed into Edo harbor in order to open up Japan for trade, itwas a ninja from Iga by the name of Sawamura Jinsaburo Yasusuke who was called onto gather information on them. Records collected in the first year of the new era ofMeiji lists large numbers of these Iga ninja grouped by their village. No similar recordsof the Koga region exist.

With Perry came great change. Many systems of combat now had no purpose in themodern era and were lost. Others became sports. Some became a means of traditionand some were kept alive by their keepers as a link with Japan's martial past. Theninja that could be called ninja belonged to a former age and had no place in the newworld. The ninja had mainly spied on other Japanese. In the modern world theJapanese had to worry about languages and cultures that the ancient ninja had never

even thought of.

Years later, a man named Fujita Seiko announced that he was the last grandmaster ofKoga ryu ninjutsu. Fujita was a fascinating man, and his story is open to great debate.There are many questions as to the validity of his story, but there is no denying thathe was the last Japanese to claim to teach the Koga ryu.

According to Fujita, his grandfather was his teacher of ninjutsu. A young Fujita hadsought adventure by running away and joining some Yamabushi on their pilgrimage.This may sound strange, but the Yamabushi preached a religion where they wouldexercise and perform religious austerities in holy places. This allowed them to store upon holy energy that they would convey onto others as they walked on theirpilgrimages in exchange for donations. An indispensable part of their service was adisplay of their holy powers to those who were considering giving donations. Like tentside revivalist meetings these miracles tended to be flashy and impressive. Walking onhot coals, running up ladders made of swords and sticking oneself with many needleswere among the many devices used by some of the practitioners. Also like some ofthe revivalist meetings in America, some or the practitioners were better at beingflashy than holy. But it was a great show. In short, for a young Japanese boy at thetime it was the closest equivalent to running away to join the circus.

When Fujita was dragged back to his parents, his grandfather made him a deal. Hewould teach the boy ninjutsu if the child promised to not run away. Fujita agreed andhis training began. Unfortunately it was only a few years before his grandfather died.Fujita admits that there were many things he did not get a chance to learn under hisgrandfather and later studied numerous ninjutsu texts as well as once again trainingwith the yamabushi to further his training. The problem with Fujita's story is that thereis so little proof of what he says.

Since his grandfather had already decided to let his tradition die, he had destroyed thescrolls before taking on Fujita as a student. This is reasonable, but does show a lack ofdocumentation. Also, as stated, by the end of the Edo period the Koga had lost theirninjutsu abilities. And there is the question of just how trustworthy his grandfatherwas. Parents lie to children, this is a fact. And a grandfather desperate to keep hisgrandson from running away may be excused if he did so by keeping him occupiedwith a little fib. The training that Fujita said he got under his grandfather raises a lot ofquestions. The type of training that Fujita later related were those that related toalmost every type of martial art, with no real training specific to ninjutsu. He learnedto control his breath, increase his endurance, walk and run great distances andtoughen his hands. There is no mention of stealth. Of course, many fundamentalstealth exercises are ones that test the patience of the student. This is not somethingyoung boys are known for. Fujita showed even less patience than most boys his age.

Some of the training of ninjutsu requires highly developed and supple bodies. Fujitabarely had the chance to develop such a body before his grandfather died. Despite allthis, there is a certain ring of truth about Fujita's story. Despite the questions ofwhether his grandfather was indeed a master of Koga ryu ninjutsu, Fujita probably didgo through a type of training with him. If he had made up the story he probably would

have embellished it and made it sound like he studied longer than he did with hisgrandfather and not mentioned adding to his knowledge from outside sources. Heseems to actually have believed that he had been taught Koga ryu ninjutsu. Andunlike other self- proclaimed masters of Koga ryu ninjutsu, his drive and willingness towork and train is clear. Fujita had incredible skills of endurance and strength. He couldwalk on the upper sides of his feet, an ability most students of yoga cannot duplicate.And he assembled a huge library of books and historical works in his search forninjutsu to add to what his grandfather taught him.

In the west, many people claiming to be masters of Koga ryu do so as a means ofattracting the limelight without much effort on their part. Fujita also loved the public'sattention, but was quite willing to put in the time and effort to be worthy of it. Beforebeing known as a master of ninjutsu, he started his own religion in which he mademany predictions. He used his experiences with the yamabushi to good use at thistime. Later even he admitted that his dress and behavior at the time was bizarre, butsaid that at that stage in his life every time he opened his mouth somebody wasshoving money into it. But there is the question of what he knew was real ninjutsu. Hegave several shows that he labeled ninjutsu but they consisted of feats of endurancerather than the skills the ninja were most known for of stealth and espionage. He didthings like beat himself with iron rods, ate things like cups and pierced his body withneedles. Tobe Shinjuro, a researcher of ninjutsu and author of many books on thesubject saw one of his performances and left shaking his head. "This is ninjutsu?" heasked himself. Many of the things he did are similar to what yamabushi do during theirsermons. On a television program once he was asked straight out if he could docertain things like sneak into certain buildings and the like. He said he could, butrefused to demonstrate it on the grounds that to do so would be to expose histechniques- which is something a ninja must never do. Nawa Yumio, the notedresearcher and author of ninjutsu books, actually knew Fujita for a while. He said thathe never knew of Fujita doing anything that he would qualify as ninjutsu. In his book,Ninjutsu no Kenkyu, Nawa never refers to Fujita as a head of Koga ryu, insteadreferring to him only as a researcher. In the same book he refers to Hatsumi Masaakias the head of Togakure-ryu ninpo.

Fujita did glean a lot from the books and scrolls he laid his hands on. His level ofresearch is incredible. He has written several great books that describe and explainsections of works such as the Bansenshukai. In fact that work was the basis for almostall that he taught. Later he did teach several things that can be traced to historicalworks such as this, but there is no record nor witness to him displaying anything thatcould be called ninjutsu that could only come from personal instruction. He taught andcommented on things like range estimation, weather prediction and strategy, butnothing physical. When one looks at works on kenjutsu from before the modern ageone finds no reference to how to hold a sword. This is because this was somethingthat was only taught in a dojo before the books were made available to the student. Itis these little types of things that is missing from the works of Fujita. NakashimaAtsumi is an author of books on ninjutsu and a member of a budo research groupstarted by Fujita, and in his work "Ninjutsu Hiden no Sho" he stated that there was nosurviving examples of Fujita's ninja fighting techniques. If anyone should know, itwould be Nawa and Nakashima.

Fujita's record during the war has been perverted in the west. Some say thing like

that he was an assassin for Japan with over 200 kills. This is simply untrue.Assassination is against the Geneva convention and the Allies were quite persistent intheir persecution of war criminals. The assassination squad the Germans sent to killthe mayor of Aachen ended up on trial, but Fujita never was arrested or investigated.His biggest contribution to the war effort was to teach sections of strategy taken fromthe Bansenshukai at some of the military academies. On the day the war ended hewas still safe in Japan.

After the war, Fujita remained a patriot in his heart to the older ideals that had ledJapan to war. When the Allies banned martial arts practice he thought it the first stagein an attempt to destroy the Japanese culture. He resisted by gathering as muchinformation as he could on Japanese martial arts and encouraging others in theirpractice. Later he went on to be very influential in the forming and administration ofmany martial arts organizations. He himself had learned a form of kenpo before thewar. He learned other arts and helped to teach a few of them, but there is no recordin Japan of him teaching Koga style ninjutsu. He even wrote several books on differentmartial arts like Shinden Muso ryu jojutsu and different styles of hojojutsu (the art ofbinding a prisoner) and even a book on shurikenjutsu. In it he gives examples ofseveral styles of throwing taken from different schools, but fails to demonstrate anyfrom Koga ryu ninjutsu. In the martial arts community of Japan Fujita is still spoken ofwith reverence. He was very influential in the saving of many arts and was helpful inthe formation of many organizations that still exist today. It is strange that fewserious researchers of ninjutsu history take him as a credible source, but his praisesare sung in the martial arts world. To most martial artists in Japan who have nevertaken a close look at the history of the ninja there is no reason not to believe that hewas the last master of the Koga ryu. He had incredible abilities and had no need torely on claims like ninjutsu, so there is little reason to doubt them.

But there are problems when one looks close enough. Tragically, Fujita died suddenlyand left no successors to his style of ninjutsu. Indeed, there is no one in Japan thathas claimed to have learned any physical skills such as stealth from him. Most of hisbooks that he took so much time to assemble can now be seen at the ninjutsumuseum in Ueno. Instead of being passed on to a new master of the Koga ryu theyrot in their display cases, only occasionally being lent out to researchers. Today, manypeople try to lay claim to the Koga ryu. Some try to do so with truly bizarre stories,but some try to do so by claiming to have been taught by Fujita Seiko, or having theirteacher being taught by Fujita. Their claims are given no credit in Japan. The BugeiRyuha Daijiten lists Fujita's school under the Koga style, and even refers to it by isproper name of Koga-ryu XXXX-ha. No one I have seen in the west who had laid claimto his art even seem aware of the proper name of the -ha that Fujita laid claim to. Hisbooks on the art are great and of interest to anyone who is truly serious aboutresearching ninjutsu. But aside from what can be found in these books, little else ofhis art seems to have survived.

In closing, I apologize for some of the gaps I have left in this work. Considering theamount of frauds that now wish to profit off of the Koga name and Fujita's art, Idecided to try to be as informative as I could without giving away information thatcould possibly allow someone to create a story to fool the unwary. Thus I have notgiven out pieces of information such as the particular -ha that Fujita taught, theparticular name that the surviving Iga ninja were known as, nor the names of some of

the ryuha that sprang from the Koga. These bits of information are commonlyavailable in Japanese sources, but I am reasonably certain that most of the peoplethat seek to make a quick jump to fame by use of the Koga name will not be willing toput in the effort to learn the language and do the searching themselves. Some of theworks that helped make this work possible are, Fujita, Seiko- "Doron Doron, Saigo noNinja" Nihon Shuhousha, Tokyo 1958 Fujita Seiko- "Ninjutsu Hiroku" Soushinsha,Tokyo 1937 Shimizu, Yukata- "Fujita Seiko- Ninpo no Kyou to Jitsu" Hiden KoryuBujutsu issue #11, pages 12- Ishikawa, Masatomo- "Shinobi no Sato no Kiroku"Suiyousha, Tokyo 1982 Nawa, Yumio- "Ninjutsu no Kenkyu" Japan Publications Inc.Tokyo, 1972 Okuse, Hichiro- "Ninjutsu, Sono Rekishi to Ninja" Shinjinbutsu Juraisha,1995 (reprint) Tobe, Shinjuro- "Ninja, Sengoku Kage no Gundan" PHP Businesslibrary, Tokyo 1995 Watatani, Kiyoshi- "Bugei Ryuha Hyakusen" Akita Shoten, Tokyo1972