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Knowledge Across BordersAccelerate Building Trust to Unleash Innovation
Martha G RussellInnovation Ecosystems Network
Stanford Media X led Research Initiative
October 7, 2010
Martha G Russell
• Public-private partnerships – for science, technology & development– Tecnopolis, MAMTech, IC2 Institute, Incubators linking SMEs to Value Chain,
CSATA, Agricultural Experiment Station, UNIDO
• Research consortia: University – Industry IDR Research initiatives for education, research and outreach
– Microelectronic and Information Sciences Center– Center for the Development of Technology Leadership– Burnt Orange Productions– IC2 Institute (Innovation, Creativity, Capital) Think and Do Tank
• Technology Transfer, Marketing and Organizational Change– Internet2 Sociotechnical Summit, 1999– Brand relationships, Retail messaging, Youth markets
Innovation takes at least two.Team skills are required.There are winners and loosers.
Although people can communicate anywhere, anytime, it’s difficult for anyone to have all the insights necessary at any one time for major decisions on the complex global issues
The Innovation Ecosystems Network (IEN) brings together an international interdisciplinary team that seeks to develop and diffuse novel data and tools for understanding the catalytic impact of regional ICT experiments.
Innovation Ecosystems & Value Co-Creation
A dynamic innovation ecosystem is characterized by a continual realignment of synergistic relationships of people, knowledge, and resources that promote harmonious growth of the system in agile responsiveness to changing internal and external forces.
Innovation Ecosystems refer to the inter-organizational, political, economic, environmental, and technological systems through which a milieu conducive to business growth is catalyzed, sustained, and supported.
Value is co-created for the innovation ecosystem through events, impacts and coalitions/networks that emerge from a shared vision of the desired transformations. Data-driven metrics measure, track and visualise the transformation, empowering interaction with feedback for the shared vision.
www.innovation-ecosystems.org
Innovation Ecosystems Transformation Framework
Research Problem/Questions
Theme: How can data-driven visual social network analysis provide insights on innovation ecosystems?
We look for insights that can be used to:• Identify and empower influential individuals for critical actions• Connect components to catalyze the evolution of the ecosystem• Develop and implement programs (meetings, funding, initiatives) to foster
co-creator networks • Communicate complexity to co-create vision• Measure and transform an innovation ecosystem
How do co-creation networks enable local/regional ROI on innovation investments made for globalization?
Work in progress!www.innovation-ecosystems.org
Structure of the presentation
• Innovation models are changing
• The places of innovation are changing
• Preliminary results from
– Executive Women in Tech-Based Companies
– Investments into and from China
– Norway
• Value Co-Creation
Models of innovation
Economic Innovation (producer innovation)-Schumpeter 1934
End-user Innovation-von Hippel 1986
Strategic Innovation- Hamel and Prahalad 1994
Open innovation-Chesbrough 2003
Collaborative Innovation Networks- Gloor2005
eClusters !
Innovation Ecosystems
Resources
Knowledge
People
Innovation Ecosystem Networks
Transformation
Shared vision
Silicon ValleyThe highest concentration of entrepreneurial high-tech companies in the world;
STANFORD:
Entrepreneurial management
Federal funding for fundamental research
Problem-oriented laboratories
Faculty leaves and industry affiliates
Students as inventors, disseminators, and workforce
Encouraging student entrepreneurship on campus …
Silicon Valley dense but ad hoc social networks and
nearby planting ground for ideas, startups, &
funding
NorwayNational and regional level innovation systems and policies & support
Government-Academia-Industry relations
The network of Norwegian universities and polytechnics, technology centers,
programs, and other operations…
The Way We USED to Think About Organizations New Organizational Chart Based on Relationships
Relationship-Focused Co-Creation Infrastructure
(Visual) Social Network Analysis “. . . allows investigators to gain new insights into the patterning of social connections, and it helps investigators to communicate their results to others.“ (Freeman, 2009)
Infrastructure for Resource Flows- - - Relationships
(Companies are interlocked through key people – information flow, norms, mental models.(Davis,1996)
Relationship Interlocks
• Executives and key employees– Transfer of technologies and knowledge, professional networks, business
culture, value-chain resources
• Directors– US Fortune 500 firms interlocked (shared directors) with average 7 other firms
• Corporate governance embedded and filtered through social structures – Executive compensation, strategies for takeovers, defending against takeovers
• Gerald F. Davis, “The Significance of Board Interlocks for Corporate Governance,” Corporate Governance 4:3, 1996
• Investors and service providers– Awareness of external forces, competitive insights, resource leverage
• Relationship interlocks provide– Social relationship “filter” for governance, information flow & norms– Transfer of implicit and explicit know-how– Mental models
http://fusionenterprises.ca/Business_Training.php
Archetypes of Social Business Design
• Ecosystem – a community of connections
• HiveMind – a socially calibrated mindset of individuals
• Dynamic Signal - the constant multi-faceted means of collaboration
• Metafilter- a method of finding signals in vast amounts of noise
Social Roles in Social Media
Journal of Social Structure “Visualizing the Signatures of Social Roles in Online Discussion Groups”
http://www.cmu.edu/joss/content/articles/volume8/Welser/
• Answer person– Outward ties to local isolates– Relative absence of triangles– Few intense ties
• Reply Magnet– Ties from local isolates often inward only– Sparse, few triangles– Few intense ties
Discussion person Ties from local isolates often inward only Dense, many triangles Numerous intense ties
Through personal relationships companies have interconnects
http://www.fabcats.org/owners/feeding/info.html http://www.flickr.com/photos/manpsing/2618332693/
Passive Learning Active Learning
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tomatoskin/1339929731/
Traditional Data Gathering Methods
http://www.flickr.com/photos/clydeorama/3495284608/
Have to react QUICKLY
OrganizationsNewsSocialMedia
Federation
AnalysisMining
VisualizationPrivateData
Data to measure/track innovation?
IEN Dataset
Martha Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
Global dataset, includes China
Updated quarterly with 20% growth each quarter
Making Relationships Visible
Willie Framework, OPAALS, 2010.
Data for Visualization & Knowledge Crystallization
Accessing Data Streams about Innovation Building a Dataset on Innovation
Crystallisation Through Visualisation The Card-Mackinlay-Shneiderman visualisation reference model:(Card et al., 1999; Miksch, 2005)
Towards Actionable Co-Creation Insights
Relationship interlocks structure resource flows for co-creation.
Openly accessible data provides directional results. Data can be federated to co-create datasets.
Visual network analysis • Reveals co-creation relationships
• People, companies, funding• Reveals patterns of co-creation
• Existing edges and potential links• Provides analytical opportunities
• Augment dataset with data from multiple sources, if needed
• Communicates complex relationships to diverse groups
Johari Window, Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, 1955
We apply these methods and tools to
better understand how local/regional
investments made for globalization can
return benefits to the local region.
Make complex relationships known for
sharing and co-creation
Place of innovation
Localized concentrations -Marshall 1890
Menlo Park (Research Park) 1948, Stanford Industrial Park 1951, Research Triangle Park 1959
Clusters- Porter 1998, Saxenian1994
Regional Innovation Systems-Metcalfe 1995
Innovation Cluster- Yim2008, 2002
Innovation AccelerationNetworks !
.
Technology-based companies - worldwide, Dec 2009
35,000 companies include:
Sectors: Advertising, biotech, cleantech, consulting, ecommerce, enterprise,
games_video, hardware, legal, mobile, network_hosting, public relations,
search, security, semiconductor, software, web, other firms serving these.
Investment profiles from Ltd to public, financing rounds identified
Merger & Acquisition profiles
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
.
.
Employees in technology-based companies - worldwide, Dec 2009
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
.
Technology-based companies – worldwide
by employee size and sector, Dec 2009
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
Number of European Technology-based companies
Dec 2009
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
.
Number of European Technology-based companies
by employee size, Dec 2009
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
Number of European Technology-based companies
By sector, Dec 2009
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
European Technology-based companies
By sector and number of employees, Dec 2009
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
Distance
Old
New
The new maps may be based on the connections - rather than on distance.
Example: Executive Women in Technology-Based Companies
• National dependence on science, technology, math for competitiveness
• Shortage of women entering, staying, leading• In tech-based companies,
– roughly 8 % executives are women
• Cleantech sector lowest– Fewer women in: enterprise, semiconductor and mobile
• Biotech sector highest– More women in public relations, legal, consulting
What interventions can attract more women to leadership positions in technology-based companies?
Figure 1: Point-to-Point Figure 2: Tree Figure 3: Complex Tree
Figure 4: Simple Star Figure 5: Complex Star Figure 6: Mesh Figure 7: Complex Mesh
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
Type of Networks Company Executives, Investors
And Board Members in Technology-Based Companies
Networks of Female and Male Executives
in Companies in the Clean Tech Sector
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
Networks of Female and Male Executives
in Companies in the Biotech Sector
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
Networks of Female and Male Executives
in Companies in the Public Relations Sector
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
Networks of Female and Male Executives
in Companies in the Web Services Sector
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
Networks of Female Executives
in Companies – All Sectors
CTOs
the CTO of doctr.com CTO at Hemarina
Co-founder of
HEMARINA
Vice President
Engineering at Survey
Monkey
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
CTOs – R&D Execs
Principal Research
Scientist at Yahoo!
Chief Software Editor at
Yandex
Advisor at
PlaceBlogger
Was a VP at
Netscape and AOL, a
senior director of
Product Development
at Yahoo
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
Creative CMOs – Biz DevProduct Marketing
Manager at Google
Worked in Public
Relations at Apple,
Marketing at Tiny
Pictures,
VP, Marketing at Loopt
Was VP Marketing at
Project Playlist
Director of User
Experienceof Kosmix
Was Principal UI
Designer at Bebo
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
CEOsCEO of NUS Enterprise at
the National University of
Singapore
Was Managing Director,
Investments, of Bio*One
Capital Pte Ltd
CEO of SeedCamp
was part of the
Venture team at 3i
CEO of Piazzza
worked at Facebook on
their News Feed Team
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
Board MembersCo-Chair Disney Media
Networks and
President, Disney-ABC
Television Group
CEO of FON USA and
president of the US Advisory
Board
Board of Directors of Posit
Science, Sabrix,
AccountNow, Danger,
QuinStreet, The Threshold
Group and the Board of
Directors of the NVCA
Advisor at Betwyx
Was VP, Western
Sales at Glam
Media.
Was VP of sales at
MySapce
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
FoundersFounder/CEO
SmartWork Network
Co-founded Flickr
Ran Yhoo Tech Dev
group
Co-founded Brickhouse
Now product Officer at
Hunch
Founder of
TinyMassive
Formerly COO
Wireless @
Realhome.com
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
FoundersFounder of Google
Webmaster Central
Now works for Ignition
Partners as an
„entrepreneur in residence‟
CEO and Founder of
LiveHit
Was Vice President of
Products and Marketing
at Piczo
Co-founder at
23andMe
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
InvestorsInvestor at
InnerRewards
Was executive
digital strategist
at Johnson &
Johnson
Invested in Fluidinfo; The
Extrodinaries; Factual;
Vizu;Square; Vurve;
Fluidinfo; ChallengePost;
Airship Ventures; Joobili;
Dopplr; Wee Web
A Partner with Accel Partners
Board at Wetpaint; Trulia;
Kosmix; Jaser Design;
Imperva; Forescout; Glam
Media
Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
NETWORKS MATTER
Apricots and Walnuts
In 2009 nearly 50% of US VC went to Silicon Valley’s.
SV is characterized by dense networks of innovation.
What is
Silicon Valley?
The highest concentration of
entrepreneurial high-tech companies
in the world
Silicon Valley Number of technology companies by sector – High proportion are small cos (startups)
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
Context of Investments into/from China
Insights into Innovation
Social Network Analysis
Socially Constructed
Data
Socially constructed dataset, in English, openly available– all challenges in China
Innovation Ecosystems Dataset:
•323 technology-based companies with one or more locations in China•42 Chinese, 77 foreign investment firm•Investment into China US$ 5.4 B•Investment originating from ChinaUS$ 3.1 B
Insights explored:
The flow of financial resources into and out of China
More illustrative than descriptive/prescriptive results
Innovation Ecosystem Network
Example: Chinese International Investments
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell, A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation
Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010.
Initial Data Analysis:53% (113) of the Chinese companies from eCIS business sector
50 % (66) of the foreign companies are from the eCIS business sector
Toward Insights about:
Patterns and differences in the characteristics of investment flows
into and from China
More Specific: Context of eCIS sectoreCommerce and electronic security=
eCommerce, software search, network hosting, mobile, games &video, enterprise
Insights into Innovation
Social Network Analysis
Socially Constructed
Data
Innovation Ecosystem NetworkNeil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell, A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation
Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010.
HARVESTInvestments from Chinese
(making investments)
Innovation Ecosystem NetworkNeil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell, A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation
Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010.
CULTIVATIONInvestments into China
(receiving investments)
Innovation Ecosystem Network
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell
A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010.
Emerging Chinese business clusters linked by firms’ relatioships
Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010.
• Cultivation / Harvesting modes - value co-creation
• Chinese interlocks at the investment firm level– Government-led investment firms
– Knowledge of government guarantees
– Investments in firms that return benefits to China
• Global interlocks at both investment firm and enterprise levels
• Opportunity network & value co-creationhttp://successbeginstoday.org/wordpress/wp-content/unexpected2.jpg
Topline Findings
http://www.slowtrav.com/blog/chiocciola/Geirangerfjord.jpg
Example: Norwegian Tech-based CompaniesTheir Branch Offices and Their Financial Orgs
Links show relationships
PRELIMINARY
Example view to IEN dataset in Gephi. Companies are selected
with keyword search “Norway + Norwegian;” the funding
organizations associated with those companies are added Nodes
represent companies and their investors; edges indicate resource
flows. The network layout is created with Yifan Hu Multilevel
algorithm and nodes are inflated according to their indegree, i.e.
the number of the connected investors.
Advisors & Investors Expand AccessInvestors leverage co-creation
opportunities with investments in
multiple companies. Intl companies not
shown.
Companies leverage value co-creation
opportunities through relationships with
multiple investors. Some investors are
international.
Timeline analysis of investment events
reveals patterns of co-investment – an
indication of intention to co-create value
and, perhaps, stimulus programs.
IEN Dataset, July 2010
International Relationships for Value Co-Creation
Huge opportunities for international relationships lie 2 & 3 degrees out from Norwegian companies
Example view to IEN dataset for keyword search. Nodes represent companies and their previous and current
employees. The network layout is created with Fruchterman Reingold algorithm and nodes are inflated according to
their outdegree. Protocols for anonymity are evolving.
IEN Dataset, July 2010
Globalization of Innovation Ecosystems
IEN Dataset, July 2010
Norwegian tech-based
companies with financing
are more likely to have
networked relationships.
Norwegian tech-based
companies have access to
global relationships
through current board
members, investors, and
key personnel.
Discussion & Takeaways
Knowledge crystallization provides co-creation feedback loop: also support for interventions, action research, policy analysis.
Visualizations reveal multidimensional complexities.
SNA metrics highlight patterns of ecosystem relationships.
Technically, our framework for tracking, processing and visualizing data enables the parallel uses of various state of the art analysis tools.
Data sources abound and can be federated for co-creation of analytical & actionable insights. Collaborations are welcome.
Discovering the story behind numbers and their visualizations requires context, perspective, interaction and iteration!
www.innovation-ecosystems.org
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qFju91K89HM/SxRpABd1DTI/AAAAAAAABjw/6LaSJfjfk-I/s1600/Unexpected_Guests.jpg
What do we know to ask?What can we learn that we don’t
know to ask?
Make complex relationships known for
sharing and co-creation
• Martha G Russell, PhD, [email protected]– Sr. Research Scholar, HSTAR Institute– Associate Director, Media X at Stanford University
• Neil Rubens, PhD, [email protected]– Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Information Systems– University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo
• Jukka Huhtamäki, [email protected]– Researcher, Lecturer– Hypermedia Laboratory (HLab) of Tampere University of Technology (TUT).
• Kaisa Still, PhD, [email protected]– Knowledge Management Specialist– Beijing DT Electronic Technology Co., Ltd
http://www.innovation-ecosystems.org
Innovation Ecosystems Network
• Mario Gastel, [email protected]
– Graduate student, Texas Advertising, UT Austin
– Fulbright Scholar (2009-11)
• Jiafeng (Camilla) Yu, [email protected]
– M.A. in Advertising in Planning Track
– The University of Texas at Austin
AppendixIEN Work in Progress
Regional case studies are underway:
•Cap Digital, Paris
•Birmingham Science Park Aston
•New York City Media Labs
Recent & Future presentations
July 31, Huangshan, China, “A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem,” International Symposium on eCommerce and Internet Security 2010.
August 2, 2010, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, “Identifying Value Co-creation in Innovation Ecosystems Using Social Network Analysis,” Inaugural Lecture: Innovation Forum.
August 5, 2010, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan, “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Business Networks in Regional Technology Development.”
September 14-17, 2010, Nokia, Finland, “Social Networks and Co-creation in Innovation Ecosystems,” EBRF 2010.
September 18-19, 2010, Beijing, China, “Innovation Ecosystems: New Insights with Network Approach,” Beijing First Global World City Conference.
October 5, 2010, Skei, Norway, “Innovation Ecosystems in Traditional and Changing Cultures: Examples from Minnesota and Silicon Valley”, Norwegian Information Technology Forum.
October 7, 2010, Olso, Norway, “Knowledge Across Borders: Accelerate Building Trust to Unleash Innovation,” Business Institute.
October 22, 2010, Madrid, Spain, “Using Social Media to Leverage Triple Helix Insights in Innovation Ecosystems,” Workshop at Triple Helix Conference VIII, October 12, 2010, Madrid, Spain.
November 7-10, 2010, Austin, TX, “Using Data-Driven Social Network Analysis for Insights on Innovation and Change,” INFORMS, Austin, TX.
November 14 – 17, 2010, Sacramento, CA, “Social Media Conversations and Value Networks in the Green-tech Innovation Ecosystem,” 2010 Behavior, Energy and Climate Change Conference.