Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e....

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Know Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013

Transcript of Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e....

Page 1: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Know Your Weeds

How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds)

OLLIMay 2, 2013

Page 2: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Think it’s a weed?1. Identify plant2. Determine biology / life cycle

• Winter annual, summer annual, perennial

3. Determine method(s) of management or leave it and enjoy it

Page 3: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Let’s test your knowledge – can you identify the following 

“weeds”?

Pay attention to the biology / life cycle.

Page 4: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

BuffaloburNative summer annual

Page 5: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Filaree (Storksbill) Introduced winter annual

Page 6: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Puncturevine (Goathead)Introduced summer annual

Page 7: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Prickly lettuceIntroduced winter or early summer annual

Page 8: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Red stem pigweedIntroduced summer annual

Page 9: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Tumble mustardIntroduced winter or summer annual

Page 10: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

SpurgeIntroduced summer annual

Ants/spurge relationship‐ ants eat caruncles on spurge seeds‐ accidently plant them

Page 11: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Russian thistle (tumbleweed)Introduced summer annual

Page 12: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

LocoweedNative Perennial

Toxic to livestock

Page 13: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Silverleaf nightshadeNative perennial

Page 14: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Dalmation toadflaxIntroduced perennial

Invasive

Page 15: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Field bindweedIntroduced perennial

Page 16: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

SquirreltailCool season native perennial

Page 17: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Broom snakeweedNative warm season perennial

Toxic during weed formation

Page 18: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

KochiaIntroduced summer annual

Page 19: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Thistles Smooth stem = native;  thorny stem = introduced

Page 20: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Information you should know before you can effectively manage 

weeds …….

Page 21: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Summer and Winter Annuals

• Summer annual ‐ germinates from seed in spring and early summer; matures in summer; produces seed in fall and dies with first frost

• Winter annual ‐ germinates from late summer through early spring; grows in winter and dies in late spring or early summer when temperature exceeds 85°

Page 22: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Perennials

Some flourish in cool months and go dormant at onset of summer heat, others grow actively in summer and are suppressed with frost.  Roots can be rhizomes, stolons, fleshy tap roots, corms or tubers.

Page 23: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Management Methods

• Mechanical (pull, mow, till, etc.)• Cultural (burn, solarize, seed bare ground w/ competitor like cool or warm season grass, or mulch)

• Biological (animals, insects)• Chemical (herbicides)

Page 24: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

MechanicalAnnuals (weeds reproduce from seed) 

– Cut before they go to seed.– If in bloom, cover w/ plastic bag before pulling to keep seeds from spreading.

– Cut (weed eater)or mow before going to seed.  Mowing sometimes ineffective because plants flower too close to soil. 

Perennials (grow from roots each year)– If hand digging, do so when soil is moist; pieces of root often break off and sprout new plants.

Page 25: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

CulturalSolarize to kill seeds and roots in heat of summer (use clear plastic).

Mulch – at least 3” can prevent annuals, not perennials like Bermuda grass.  – Organic: bark, chipped trimmings, wood debris, lawn clippings, compost, etc. Straw not recommended; could have weed seeds.

– Synthetic: landscape cloth, rocks, etc.  Plastic not recommended.

Page 26: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Biological

AnimalsChickens, goats, sheep, etc. graze to control weeds.

InsectsIntroduced insects can control noxious weeds but will never eradicate; should be done by professionals.

Page 27: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Chemicals

• Pre‐emergent herbicides

• Post‐emergent herbicides

Page 28: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Pre‐emergent Herbicides

• Work best on annual weeds• Can control perennial species prior to establishment

• Warm season weeds (e.g. tumble weeds) –apply in Spring

• Cool season weeds (e.g. filaree) – apply in Fall

Page 29: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Post‐emergent Herbicides

• Selective – only kill targeted weeds –read product label

• Non‐selective – kill all vegetation touched by herbicide

Page 30: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Got all that?  There’s more…

Page 31: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Herbicides: Contact and Systemic • Contact herbicide

– Use on annuals or non‐flowering biennials (only kills green tissue contacted by the spray, not the roots)

• Systemic/translocator herbicide– Use on perennials to kill the root– Apply when weeds actively growing– Best when weeds are small– Does not prevent new weeds

Page 32: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Examples of Ingredients & Products

Ingredients (Product Examples)

Broa

dlea

f

Grass

Pre‐em

ergent

Post‐emergent

Contact

System

ic

Selective

Non

‐selectiv

e

Warm wea

ther

Cool wea

ther

oryzalin (Weed Stopper) X X X X

trifluralin (Preen) X X X

isoxaben (Gallery) X X X

diquat (Zeneca, Weed & Grass Killer) X X X X X X X

dicamba (normally combined w/ others) X X X X X X X

glyphosate (Round‐up) X X X X X X

2,4‐D (Weed B Gon) X X X X X X

acetic acid (Burn Out) X X X X X X

ammoniated soap of fatty acids (Natria) X X X X X X

glufosinate (Finale) X X X X X X X

flauzifop (Grass‐B‐Gon) X X X X X

Page 33: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

What about…..

Corn gluten meal?– Can work as a pre‐emergent on seeds, but it is  nitrogen, so timing is critical

Household vinegar?– Household vinegar is 5% acetic acid & not an approved herbicide; 10% is better for killing weeds

Page 34: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Read Product Labels

• Product may contain more than one herbicidee.g. glyphosate (systemic ‐ slow) & diquat (contact ‐ fast)

• Labels will specify residual impact to soil, but be cautious of run‐off, ground water impacts, etc.

• May need stronger application in cooler weatherCaution: chemical sterilents should not be used in residential landscapes

Page 35: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

How would you manage ‐

Pull, trash, burn, etc.

‐Pre‐emergent in spring (before germination)‐Hand pull‐Post‐emergent ‐Plant more desirable species that compete with weeds}Russian thistle ‐ summer annual

Page 36: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Or…

Page 37: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

Resources 

Plant ID–Weeds of the West– Plants of Arizona– Extension’s Native & Naturalized Plant Database http://cals.arizona.edu/yavapai/yavapaiplants

Herbicide Information–Read product labels

Page 38: Know Your Weeds - University of ArizonaKnow Your Weeds How to Control Undesirable Plants (i.e. Weeds) OLLI May 2, 2013 Think it’s a weed? 1.Identify plant 2.Determine biology / life

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