Knee joint
-
Upload
nosheen-almas -
Category
Education
-
view
2.475 -
download
2
Transcript of Knee joint
ANATOMY OF KNEE JOINT
IT IS A LARGE AND
COMPLICATED JOINT OF THE
BODY.
IT IS COMPLEX DUE TO
FUSION OF THREE JOINTS.
IT IS MADE UP OF FEMUR,
TIBIA AND PATELLA.
FORMATION OF KNEE JOINT
IT IS A COMPOUND SYNOVIAL
JOINT.
IT INCORPORATES TWO
CONDYLER JOINTS BETWEEN
THE CONDYLES OF FEMUR
AND TIBIA.
AND THIRD ONE IS SADDLE
JOINT BETWEEN THE FEMUR
AND THE PATELLA.
JOINT TYPE
THE ARTICULAR
SURFACES OF KNEE JOINT
ARE AS FOLLOWING.
THE CONDYLES OF
FEMUR.
THE PATELLA.
THE CONDYLES OF
TIBIA.
ARTICULAR SURFACES
THE KNEE JOINT IS SUPPORTED
BY FOLLOWING LIGAMENTS.
FIBROUS CAPSULE.
LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE.
TIBIAL COLATERAL
LIGAMENT.
FIBULAR COLATERAL
LIGAMENT.
LIGAMENTS
LIGAMENTS
ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.
POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.
MEDIAL MENISCUS.
OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.
LATERAL MENISCUS.
TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT.
IT IS VERY THIN CAPSULE.
IT SURROUNDS THE SIDES
AND POSTERIOR ASPECT OF
JOINT.
IT IS ANTERIORLY
DEFICIENT.
LATERALLY IT ENCLOSES
THE POPLITEUS.
FIBROUS CAPSULE
FIBROUS CAPSULE
IT IS STRENGTHENED BY THE FOLLOWINGS.
ANTERIORLY: VASTUS MEDIALIS, VASTUS
LATERALIS.
LATERALLY: ILLIOTIBIAL TRACT.
MEDIALLY: TENDONS OF SARTORIUS,
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS.
POSTERIORLY: OBLIQUE POIPLITEAL LIGAMENT.
LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE
IT IS THE CENTRAL PORTION OF TENDON OF
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS.
IT IS RELATED TO SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP
INFRAPATELLAR BURSAE AND INFRAPATELLAR PAD
OF FAT.
ATTACHMENTS:-
ABOVE: APEX OF PATELLA.
BELOW: TIBIAL TUBEROSITY.
TIBIAL COLATERAL LIGAMENT
IT IS A LONG BAND OF GREAT STRENGTH.
IT COVERS THE INFERIOR MEDIAL GENICULAR
VESSELS AND NERVES AND TENDON OF
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS.
ATTACHMENTS:-
SUPERIORLY: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF FEMUR.
INFERIORLY: DIVIDES INTO ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR
PARTS.
POSTERIORLY: CAPSULE, MEDIAL MENISCUS.
IT IS STRONG AND CORD LIKE
LIGAMENT.
IT EXTENDS FROM LATERAL
EPICONDYLE OF FEMUR TO HEAD
OF FIBULA.
IT IS FREE FROM THE CAPSULE.
IT REPRESENTS FEMORAL
ATTACHMENTS OF PERONEUS
LONGUS.
FIBULAR COLATERAL LIGAMENT
OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT
THIS IS EXPANSION OF TENDON OF
SEMIMEMARNOSUS.
IT IS ATTACHED TO INTERCONDYLAR LINE AND
LATERAL CONDYLE OF FEMUR.
AND RELATED TO THE POPLITEAL ARTERY AND
THE POSTERIOR DIVISION OF OBTURATOR
NERVE.
IT’S THE EXPANSION
OF LATERAL
LIGAMENT.
IT EXTENDS FROM
THE HEAD OF FIBULA
TO THE
INTERCONDYLAR AREA
OF THE TIBIA.
ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT
ITS THICK FIBROUS BAND TO
MAINTAIN STABILITY OF KNEE
JOINT.
IT EXTENDS FROM
INTERCONDYLAR AREA OF TIBIA
TO MEDIAL SURFACE OF
LATERAL CONDYLE OF FEMUR.
IT IS TAUT DURING KNEE
EXTENSION.
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
ACL
THE STRONG AND THICK
FIBROUS JOINT.
IT EXTENDS FROM
INTERCONDYLAR AREA OF
TIBIA TO MEDIAL SURFACE OF
LATERAL CONDYLE OF FEMUR.
IT TAUTS DURING KNEE
FLEXION.
POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
IT HAS TWO ENDS, TWO
BORDERS AND TWO SURFACES.
IT IS RELATIVELY IMMOBILE.
ITS PERIPHERAL MARGIN IS
ADHERENT TO IT IS C-SHAPED
FIBROCARTILAGENOUS DISC.
TIBIAL COLATERAL LIGAMENT.
MORE LIABLE TO INJURY.
MEDIAL MENISCUS
IT IS MORE ROUND IN SHAPE.
HAS TWO ENDS, TWO BORDERS
AND TWO SURFACES.
THE OUTER BORDER IS CONVEX
AND THICK.
THE INNER BORDER IS CONCAVE
AND THIN.
THE UPPER SURFACE IS CONCAVE
AND LOWER SURFACE IS FLAT.
LATERAL MENISCUS
IT CONNECTS THE
ANTERIOR ENDS OF
MEDIAL AND LATERAL
MENISCI.
TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT
IT LINES THE JOINT CAPSULE
EXCEPT POSTERIORLY WHERE
CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS FOUND.
IN FRONT, IT IS ABSENT FROM
PATELLA.
BELOW THE PATELLA, IT COVERS
THE INFRAPATELLAR PAD OF FAT.
THE FREE BORDERS OF
INFRAPATELLR FOLD ARE CALLED
AS ALAR FOLD.
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
BURSAE
THERE ARE 13 BURSAE IN THE KNEE
JOINT.
THE FOUR ARE ANTERIOR, FOUR ARE
LATERAL AND FOUR ARE MEDIAL.
ANTERIOR BURSAE
THESE ARE FOUR IN NUMBERS.
SUBCUTANEOUS PREPATELLAR BURSA.
SUBCUTANEOUS INFRAPATELLAR BURSA.
DEEP INFRA PATELLAR BURSA.
SUPRAPATELLAR BURSA.
LATERAL BURSAE
THERE ARE FOUR LATERAL BURSAE.
A BURSA DEEP TO LATERAL HEAD OF
GASTROCNEMIUS.
A BURSA B/W FIBULAR COLATERAL LIGAMENT
AND THE BICEPS FEMORIS.
A BURSA B/W FIBULAR COLATERAL LIGAMENT
AND TENDON OF POPLITEUS.
A BURSA B/W TENDON OF POPLITEUS AND
LATERAL CONDYLE OF THE TIBIA.
MEDIAL BURSAE
THE FOUR MEDIAL BURSAE ARE AS FOLLOWS.
A BURSA DEEP TO THE MEDIAL HEAD OF
GASTROCNEMIUS.
THE ANSERINE BURSA.
A BURSA DEEP TO THE TIBIAL COLLATERAL
LIGAMENT.
A BURSA DEEP TO SEMIMEMBRANOSUS.
RELATIONS OF KNEE
ANTERIORLY:-
ANTERIOR BURSA, LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE,
PATELLAR PLEXUS.
POSTERIORLY:-
POPLITEAL VESSEL, TIBIAL NERVE, PERONEAL
NERVE, GASTROCNEMIUS, PLANTARIS,
SEMITENDINOSUS, SEMIMEMBRANOSUS, GRACILIS,
POPLITEUS.
RELATIONS OF KNEE
MEDIALLY:-
SARTORIUS, GRACILIS, SEMITENDINOSUS,
SAPHENOUS VEIN, SAPHENOUS NERVE,
SEMIMEMBRANOSUS.
LATERALLY:-
BICEPS FEMORIS, TENDON OF POPLITEUS
BLOOD SUPPLY
KNEE JOINT IS SUPPLIED BY ANASTOMOSES
AROUND IT.
5 GENICULAR BRANCHES OF POPLITEAL ARTERY.
DESCENDING GENICULAR BRANCH OF FEMORAL
ARTERY.
DESCENDING BRANCH OF LATERAL CIRCUMFLEX
FEMORAL ARTERY.
2 BRANCHES OF ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY.
CIRCUMFLEX FIBULAR BRANCH OF TIBIAL ARTEY.
FOLLOWING NERVES
SUPPLY THE KNEE
JOINT.
FEMORAL NERVE
SCIATIC NERVE
OBTURATOR NERVE
NERVE SUPPLY
ACTIVE MOVEMENTS:-
FLEXION
EXTENSION
MOVEMENTS OF KNEE JOINT
ROTATORY MOVEMENTS:-
LOCKING OF KNEES
MECHANISM THAT
ALLOWS THE KNEE TO
REMAIN IN POSITION OF
FULL EXTENSION AS IN
STANDING WITHOUT
MUSCULAR EFFORT.
MOVEMENTS OF KNEE JOINT
ROTATORY
MOVEMENTS:-
UNLOCKING OF
KNEES
IT IS BROUGHT ABOUT
BY LATERAL ROTATION
OF THE FEMUR.
MOVEMENTS OF KNEE