*K.K.Kamani, Sannappa. J, B.Linghanaih, H. Gopalappa, A.B Banakar and Project students

  Department of Physics Government Science

College,P.G.Center,Chitradurga.577501.Karnataka

Kuvempu University Shimoga , Karnataka INDIA

Mobile: 09448249261

Profkamani@gmail.com

Multifunctional Polymer Engineering of CuSo4 doped Polystyrene polymer film

complexes

MATERIAL SCIENCE

Objectives Polymeric Materials CuCo4 Polymer and dopants Material and Methods Experimental Techniques Characterization Methods Uv., Dielectric, Conductivity Results and Discussions Conclusion Refrences

Polymeric Materials The life is complex structure of natural polymers. Natural polymers are having metabolic activities of

mobility, diffusion due to polar molecules and dielectric properties.

The electro positivity and negativity always influences the transportation of the ions from one end to other.

The transition state of the matter-softmatter-liuid phase and its rate of reaction results macro. Micro molecular polymerizing structures

The attachments of the smaller unites forming a complex structure is called polymer.

The single unites (monomers) with dielectric property makes adhesiveness of the many unites (Poly) called molecular chain complexes or polymers. The diversified attachments (bonding) of the monomers and chain ceasing of special polymer is the beauty of the life.

Variation percentages of these polymeric materials strictures are having plenty of applications

Polystyrene polymer &CuSo4 After doping a it is possible that Polymer complex is formed due to the do pant molecules.

Polystyrene polymer has desirable electric properties for use in structure characteristics.

Polystyrene polymer within which the ions are embedded at dielectric properties CuSo4 doped Polystyrene with optical bio satiability of polymer film composites.

The physical and chemical properties of a polymer needed for specific application may be obtained by adding or doping like metal salts. Polystyrene, CuSo4 doped Polystyrene films were prepared in the lab.

These films subjected to UV visible absorption and dielectric properties study suggests that the formation of charge transfer complexes. Although the conduction mechanism is unclear, it is generally accepted that the dissociated metal cat ions contribute to DC conductivity by achieving mobility through the micro-Brownian motion of polymer.

These ion-conduction polymers have extensively importance in industrial applications such as a polymer battery. That is why most studies to date have focused on the motion of ions.

The degree of orientation of the polymer chains is affected by the moldings thickness. Thin moldings are more highly oriented and therefore give the highest strength and module values parallel to the flow direction.

The degree of orientation of the polymer chains is affected by the moldings thickness. Within the limits of decomposition temperatures, higher molding temperatures lead to higher orientation and consequently to higher strengths and module.

The reports of these thickness and observed properties are new things in the CuSo4 doped Polystyrene polymer film matrix.

Introduction Now a days the vigorous development of polymer science

and the extensive utilization of polymeric materials in all fields of technology have led to an increased interest in the various problems of the physics and chemistry of polymers.

Micro fabrication uses integrated-circuit (IC) manufacturing technology supplemented by its own processes to create miniaturized three dimensional objects of ranging from micro to nanometer scale.

Conducting polymers exhibit a wide range of novel electrochemical and chemical properties that has led to their use in a diverse array of applications including sensors switchable membrane anti-corrosive coatings biosensors electronic devices and rechargeable batteries.Traditional surface modification is performed by a varietyof methods, including chemical reaction in solution, physicaladsorption, and various irradiation techniques with subsequentgraft polymerization.

conduction mechanism is unclear, it is generally accepted that the dissociated metal cations contribute to DC conductivity by achieving mobility through the micro-Brownian motion of polymer segments Conversely, the dissociated anions move independently of the polymer motion

These ion-conductive polymers have been studied extensively mainly because of their importance in industrial applications such as a polymer battery. That is why most studies to date have focused on the motion of ions

However, this polymer electrolyte also has potential as a medium for electrochemical processes and it is important to study the local environment of the polymer within which the ions are embedded.

The fabrication of new polymeric materials exhibiting precisemolecular weights, chain densities, and nanoarchitectures can be readily accomplished in bulk solution or from surfaces using controlled, chain growth polymerizations that proceed without irreversible chain transfer or chain termination.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The thermoplastic Polystyrene polymer and

CuSo4 chemicals were obtained Sd fine chemicals, Mumbai, India.

Films of these polymers were prepared using Polymer press equipment model PF-A-15, the prepared films of thickness around 0.5mm were used for optical & electrical studies were done by model HIOKI 3532-50 LCR HiTESTER Version 2.3 (frequence range 42Hz-5MHz, programmable) and UV-visible spectro photo meter.

EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

Set the temperature of model PF-A-15 plates to the melting temperature of the samples and place theploystyrien polymer granules of wt 0.80% (20-25 granules)and wt 0.20% CuSo4 in the dies.

Place the dies between the plates and rotate the screw so that it gets fixed to the die and tight the pressure knob.

Now switch on the temperature control unit for sample to its melting temperature when the temperature reaches the melting point as set in the control unit tight(rotate the knob)of the die, then apply pressure nearly between 8-10 tones.

When pressure reaches 8-10 tones switch off the pressure knob and maintain the same pressure for 1 to 2 minutes.

Then switch off the temperature control unit & release the water slowly to flow through the plates when temperature reaches 400_450 release pressures by removing pressure knob, Repeat the same procedure for all the samples of polymer.

The prepared film samples of thickness around 0.545mmwere used for the characterization technique of UV-visible, ATIR & electrical studies like conductivity and dielectric measurements. The complex matrix films electrical properties and optical properties of UV visible absorption results the different optical levels for different do pants. These optical transitions create Charge Transfer Complexes leading to the increase in carrier concentration. The dielectric properties and electrical conductivity of the samples is measured. The aim of the present work is to investigate the Charge transfer complex [CTC], electrical & dielectric nature and variations in optical band gaps with micro-Brownian motion of polymer segments. Polystyrene composites widely used for its stiffness and clarity in various industrial fields with broader modern technological applications.

 

Instruments supporting EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES: Films of Polystyrene polymers were prepared using

Polymer press equipment model PF-A-15, Electrical studies were done by model HIOKI 3532-50

LCR Hi TESTER Version 2.3 (frequency range 42Hz-5MHz, programmable

Optical studies like UV visible absorption and optical band gaps measured by UV-visible spectra photo meter.

P.G.Center. Government Science College Chitradurga

UV Visible absorptions UV-visible studies: The prepared samples were

subjected UV visible absorption studires. TheCuSo4 doped polystyriene films of 0.2m and 0.5m different thickness prepared sample charecterised by UV visble absorption studies [Model] Dept of chemistry, PG-Centre Govt science college Chitradurga The absorption of light energy in the UV and visible region by the polymer molecules causes transitions of electrons in , and n orbitals from ground state to higher energy states which are described by molecular orbitals.

A plot of (αhν)1/2 verses hν shows a linear behavior Extrapolation of this linear portion of the curve to zero absorption gives the optical energy band gap Eg

The optical energy band gap is determined by translating the UV–visible spectra into Tauc’s plot using the frequency dependent absorption coefficient α(ν) given by Mott and Davis

The light absorption for a homogeneous, isotropic medium containing an absorbing compound at thickness t, is described by Beer- Lambert law difference light intensity before and after absorption.

These molecular orbital’s which degenerate on each monomer unit overlap in space and lift their degeneracy by forming series of extended electronic states i.e. energy bands

The bonding and anti-bonding molecular unit orbital’s lead to polymer valence and conduction bands. The electronic transitions that are involved in the UV-Visible region are , , and .

Compounds containing nonbonding electrons i.e. oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur [So4] and halogen atom shows transitions.

The graph indicates the nature of UV absoption and Tock’s plots of optical band gaps. A plot of (αhν) 1/2 verses hν shows a

linear behavior, which can be considered as an evidence for indirect allowed transition. Extrapolation of this linear portion of the curve to zero absorption gives the optical energy band gap Eg for the pure and CuSo4

doped Polystyrene films.

The optical band gaps of the Polystyriene doped CuSo4 films in Tack’s plotes shows decreasing trade in smaller thickness and increasing trade of optical band gaps for the increasing thickness.

These bands may be further divided into different modes viz., asymmetric, symmetric, scissoring, wagging, twisting, and rocking.

Experimental observations of pure Polystyrene 0.2 thickness of Energy band gap is about 1.06810307 eV after doping Eg is found to be Eg 0.966103954.

Where as the pure 0.5 thickness film Eg of 1.1514438 eV after doping with Cuso4 the optical band gap is increased to the Eg of 1.241004 eV.

This may be due to broad distribution of doping material into the plystyrene polymer matrix. At the smaler thickness the optical band gaps shrinkage due to multiplicity modes of vibrations.

The presence of these defects might lead to the formation of lower-energy states

The multiplicity of vibrations occurring simultaneously produce a highly complex absorption.

These complexes results the charge transfer complexes within the matrix elements of composite thin films.

ELECTRICAL and DIELECTRIC STUDIES

The prepared samples were charecterised by Dielectric and AC conductivity studies have been undertaken using impedance analyzer model HIOKI 3532-50 LCR HiTESTER Version 2.3 (frequence range 42Hz-5MHz, programmable).

The Polystyriene polymer unlike in the conductor and semiconductor, contain no free charge carriers that can move in the presence of electric field to conduct current.

The valence electrons in dielectrics are tightly bound to their parent atoms or molecules. But the oppositely charged species may be relatively displaced from equilibrium positions under an electric field or potential gradient or even by thermal fluctuations.

As a result of the formation of atomic or molecular dipoles and the alignment of these dipoles with respect to the direction of the applied electric field, the material will be polarized on a macroscopic scale as well.

Polarization, electronic, ionic and orientational polarization, can exist in dielectric materials.

The electronic polarization occurs during every cycle of the applied voltage even when the frequency of the applied voltage is very high in the optical range (~1015 Hz).

The polarization vector, , which is defined as dipole moment per unit volume, for any dielectrics, produced by the application of electric field is given by Where, is the dipole moment and qi and are the charges, and respective cordinates

If an electric field is applied to such a film material, the electric field converts the initially random polarization into a partially coherent one along the field on a macroscopic scale. Such phenomenon is known as orientational polarization.

This process is temperature dependent. The orientation polarization occurs, when the frequency of the voltage is in the audio range (~104 Hz).

This type of polarization, in polystyrene doped CuSo4 polymeric materials, involve a limited rotation of the dipolar side groups attached to the polymeric chain and occurs at much lower frequencies depending on the temperature.

These films in 0.2 and 0.5 when in pur state shows the slow variational conductance, how ever when it is doped with CuSo4 abrupt increase in the values with the field. [fig3]

The counter verification of high impedance of these films shows steep decrease with lower frequency and exponentially with increasing frequencies.

This exponential decremental behaviuor of impedance of these films generation of dipole and dielectric nature of the samples.

The thermal setting of the atoms and molecules consisits later permanent dipoles exbiting the magnetic moments in multiple molecular setting reflecting the electrical natures of the samples

Here resistance has decreased and as a result inductive effect and capacitive effect have become more prominent.

There multiple layers of polystyriene doped CuSo4 samples are having the applicatiuons in optoelectronics and magnetic sensors

Electrical Impedance:Impedance deals directly with complex quantities, plotting admittance

response in the complex plane,

Impedance is a power full method of characterizing many of the electrical properties of electrolyte materials and their interfaces with electronically conducting electrodes

Electrical characteristics involve with CuSo4 rotation, and to Polymeric materials with predominantly electronic conduction

200 400 600 800 1000

0.0

5.0x106

1.0x107

1.5x107

2.0x107

2.5x107

3.0x107

IMP

ED

EN

CE

FREQUENCY

PST0.2 PST0.2(Tio

2)

PST0.5 PST0.5(Tio

2)

As the frequency increases the impedance turns off to the zero for the cuso4dopant concentration with the selected thickness

Results and Discussions The broad distribution of CuSo4 material into the Polystyrene polymer

matrix. At the smaller thickness the optical band gaps shrinkage due to

multiplicity modes of vibrations, resulting the charge transfer complexes within the matrix elements of composite thin films.

The optical band gaps of CuSo4 films in Tack’s plotes shows decreasing trade in smaller thickness and increasing trade of optical band gaps for the increasing thickness.

The verification of high impedance of these films shows steep decrease with lower frequency and exponential decrement behavior generation of dipole and dielectric nature of the samples.

The thermal setting of the atoms and molecules consists later permanent dipoles exciting the magnetic moments in multiple molecular setting reflecting the electrical natures of the samples.

The Properties like Polarization, electronic, ionic and orientation these complex film composites similar to dielectric materials.

Conclusion The Cuso4 doped Polystyrene film composites Results Charge

Transfer complexes (CTC.) The doping in different thicknesses alters the electronic properties&

creates defects levels. The presence of defects such as anions, cat ions, radicals, organic species

etc may result in the formation of new energy levels within the polymer. The selection of the suitable specific CuSo4 do pant in a polystyrene

defines the required composites of shift in wavelength describes the energy conversion and storage.

MOSFET device dimensions continue to scale down into the sub-0.1-micron regime, the required CuSo4 and other SiO2 and Tio2 gate-dielectric

thickness. As Polystyrene Polymers composites are light in weight by replacing usual

materials in micro-engineering material structures can be substituted Trends in VLSI and micro-engineering material structuresare highlighted.

Complimentary metaloxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology combined.

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Polymeric composites are Blooming Efficient Material