animacia, romelic aCvenebs kosmosur xomald `rozetadan~ `filaes~ daSvebas kometis zedapirze © EPA 12.11.2014

rogor Seiqmna mzis sistema?

rogor gaCnda dedamiwa?

saidan moxvda Cvens planetaze wyali da rogor daiwyo sicocxle?

SesaZloa, sul male mecnierebma yvela am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema SeZlon.

saqme isaa, rom wels, 12 noembers, pirve-lad kacobriobis istoriaSi, adamianis xe-liT Seqmnili samecniero aparati dedami-widan 510000000 kilometris daSorebiT kometaze dajda.

evropis kosmosurma saagentom (ESA) kosmosuri safreni aparati `rozeta~ (Ro-setta) aTi wlis win, 2004 wlis 2 marts, uki-degano kosmosSi gauSva. daniSnulebis adgilamde misasvlelad mas TiTqmis 6000000000 kilometris gavla mouwia. 12 noembers aparats gamoeyo moduli (e. i. erTi nawili) `filae~ (Philae) da Svidsaa-Tiani manevrirebis Semdeg yinulovan ko-meta P67/Curiumov-gerasimenkoze daeSva.

roboti 2014 wlis agvistodan dafri-navda P67-is Soriaxlos da elodeboda xelsayrel moments Zvirfasi tvirTis da-saclelad.

rogor fiqrob, ratom aris mniS-vnelovani kometis Seswavla?

miCneulia, rom kometebi mzis siste-mis dabadebisas, daaxloebiT 4.5 miliar-di wlis win, Camoyalibdnen. mecnierebis varaudiT, maT, SesaZloa, dedamiwaze wya-li da organuli molekulebi moitanes. swored amitomaa momxdari faqti unika-luri: modul `filaes~ meSveobiT pasuxi gaecema umniSvnelovanes kiTxvebs mzis sistemis Camoyalibebisa da dedamiwaze sicocxlis gaCenis Taobaze. roboti mik-rokameris meSveobiT panoramul suraTebs gadaiRebs da kometis zedapiridan masa-lebs Seagrovebs.

sabavSvo gazeTi, V-VI klasi, N3 ianvari, 2015

k i T x v i s d r o

robot `filaes~ daSveba kometaze

gagrZeleba me-2 gv.

2 ianvari, 2015

k i T x v i s d r o

germaniaSi, qalaq darmStadtSi mdebare kontrolis centrSi, aparatis daSvebas aplodismentebi da milocvebi mohyva. ma-leve am movlenas sakuTar Facebook-is gverdze fizikosi stiven houkingi gamo-exmaura: `gTxovT, SemomierTdiT da taSi davukraT evropul kosmosur saagentos `rozetas~ misiisTvis da mbrunav kometaze xomaldis warmatebulad daSvebisTvis. es SeiZleba fantastikis Janrs hgavdes, mag-ram realuria, STambeWdavia da dagvex-mareba, ukeT gavigoT mzis sistemis Camo-yalibebis saidumloebebi~.

`es aris civilizaciisken gadadgmuli udidesi nabiji,~ – ganacxada evropis kos-mosuri saagentos generalurma direq-torma Jan-Jak dordenma.

Tumca roboti ar daSvebula ise, ro-gorc dagegmili iyo. `rodesac `filae~ dasaSveb adgils miuaxlovdeboda, unda gaesrola harpunebi1, romelic mas moZra-vi kometis zedapirs mudmivad miamagreb-da. magram samagrebis gasrola ar momxda-ra. ESA-s mecnierebs ar aqvT zusti pasuxi, Tu ratom moxda ase.~ – werda amerikuli vebsaiti `biznes insaideri~ (BI).

P67-s Zalian susti gravitacia (mizidu-loba) aqvs, amitom `filae~ kometaze daS-vebamde mis zedapirze ramdenjerme axta-daxta. daSvebis Semdeg igi kldis CrdilSi aRmoCnda. Crdilidan gamosayvanad ESA-s mecnierebma aparati daaxloebiT 4 santi-metriT gadaaadgiles da 35 gradusiT Se-moabrunes. Tumca es ar aRmoCnda sakmari-

1 harpuni (veSapebze sanadiro iaraRi) – Tokmob-muli isari, romelsac isvrian zarbazniT (winaT isrodnen xeliT).

si da radgan `filaes~ batarea damuxtuli iyo mxolod 64 saaTis ganmavlobaSi samyo-fi energiiT, sam dReSi batarea daicala. aparatma dakarga yvelanairi kontaqti Ta-vis SemqmnelebTan.

mecnierebis azriT, `filae~ amJamad mkvdaria. misi deda-xomaldi `rozeta~ ki kargad grZnobs Tavs da kometis gadaad-gilebis Sesaxeb informaciis mowodebas kidev erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gaagrZe-lebs. mecnierebi imeds itoveben, rom amasobaSi P67 ufro miuaxlovdeba mzes, `filae~ miiRebs sakmaris energias bata-reis dasatenad da isev amoqmeddeba.

sabednierod, aparatma gaTiSvamde moas-wro Tavisi adgilsamyofelis amsaxveli saucxoo fotoebisa da sxva monacemebis gamogzavna. gaTxara 25-santimetriani xvreli kometis zedapirze da aiRo sinji analizisTvis. misi meSveobiT mecnierebs SeuZliaT Seiswavlon kometis zedapiris natexi, romelic ucvleli rCeboda 4.5 miliardi wlis ganmavlobaSi.

Tumca win kidev ufro saintereso ambe-bi gvelis! 2016 wels `nasa~2 gegmavs gauSvas kosmosuri aparati, romelic ifrens as-teroidis Soriaxlos uaxloesi sami wlis ganmavlobaSi. `rozetasgan~ gansxvavebiT, zedapirze daSvebis nacvlad igi gaSlis Tavis robotis `xels~, kldes natexs moam-tvrevs da dedamiwaze wamoiRebs samecnie-ro kvlevebis Casatareblad.

2 nasa (NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administra-tion) – kosmosuri sivrcis kvlevis erovnuli sam-marTvelo aSS-Si. daarsda 1958 wlis 29 ivliss.

pirveli gverdidan

foto `filaes~ kome taze daSvebisas, kometidan daaxloebiT 3 kilometris simaRleze © EPA 12.11.2014

ESA-s marTvis oTaxSi myofi adamianebis reaqcia mas Semdeg, rac dadasturda, rom `filae~ gamoeyo `rozetas~ © EPA 12.11.2014

3ianvari, 2015

k i T x v i s d r o

20081900

2012

1600

2000

22002016

2016

male 2014 weli dasruldeba. gaxsovs, ramdeni dRe iyo wels TebervalSi? Tu ar gaxsovs, SegiZlia kidev erTxel daxedo kalendars. ra Tqma unda, TebervalSi 28 dRe iyo. SarSan ramdeni dRe iyo Teber-valSi? ra Tqma unda, 28. momaval wels ram-deni iqneba? isev 28.

albaT ukve mixvdi, ra iqneba momdevno SekiTxva: ramdeni dRe iyo TebervalSi SarSanwin, 2012 wels an ramdeni dRe iqneba 2015 wlis momdevno wels?

nakiani weliwadi kalendaruli weli-wadia, romelSic 366 dRe-Ramea, anu 1 dRe-RamiT metia martiv weliwadze. nakian welSi Tebervali 29 dRe-Ramisgan Sedge-ba. erTi dRis damateba saWiroa imitom, rom martivi (365-dRiani) weliwadi ar Sedgeba zustad 365 dRisgan. sinamdvile-Si, martiv weliwadSi 365 sruli da kidev daaxloebiT 1/4 (erTi meoTxedi) dRea. es erTi meoTxedebi `grovdeba~ da yovel meoTxe wels erT dRes qmnis. amitomacaa nakiani TiTqmis yoveli meoTxe weliwadi.

modi, kargad gaverkveT. • Cveulebriv, igive martiv weliwadSi 365

dRea.• nakianSi – 366 dRe. es erTi damatebuli

dRe swored 29 Tebervalia.

rogor gamovTvaloT, romelia nakiani weli? • nakiania weliwadi, romelic unaSTod iyo-

fa 4-ze (... 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020 ...); • Tumca aris gamonaklisebic. nakiani araa

wlebi, romlebic daboloebulia ori nu-liT, e. i. unaSTod iyofa 100-ze (magali-Tad, 2100, 2200, 2300...);

• Tumca gamonaklisebi aqac aris da zogi-erTi ori nuliT daboloebuli weli na-kiania. kerZod, ornuliani wlebidan naki-ania is wlebi, romlebic unaSTod iyofa 400-ze (magaliTad, 2000 an 2400).

ratom xdeba ase?

imitom, rom dedamiwas mzis garSemo sruli wris gasakeTeblad daaxloebiT 365,242375 dRe sWirdeba.

Cveulebrivi weli ki 365 dRisgan Sedgeba. ra vuyoT im morCenil 0,242375  dRes,

romelic yovelwliurad grovdeba? oTx bunebriv weliwadSi 1460,9688 dRea,

kalendarze ki 1460 (365 X 4) dRe gamodis. darCenili 0,9688 TiTqmis erTis tolia. amitom vamrgvalebT da yovel meoTxe wels kalendars erT dRes vumatebT. es erTi dRe aris 29 Tebervali. swored ami-tom iyofa yvela nakiani weliwadi oTxze. kargi miaxloebaa, magram 100 wlis ganma-vlobaSi erTi dRe mainc `gvakldeba~. ase rom, yovel 100 weliwadSi erTxel Cven ar gvaqvs nakiani weliwadi. ase viRebT 365.24 dRes weliwadSi. es ufro zustia, magram mTlad zusti mainc ar aris!

damrgvalebebma mainc gamoiwvia dRee-bis dagroveba. amitom 1582 wlidan axali stilis mixedviT Semdegi wesebi SemoiRes:

axla Sen ukve SegiZlia damoukideblad, kalendris daxmarebis gareSe, gamoTvalo, momdevno wlebidan romelSi iqneba 366 dRe 365-is nacvlad, anu romeli weliwadi iqneba nakiani.

saxaliso maTematika

• yoveli meoTxe weli nakiania. mag., 2008, 2012, 2016...

• yoveli mease weli ar aris nakiani. mag., 1900, 2100, 2200, 2300...

• yoveli meoTxase weli kvlav nakiania. mag., 1600, 2000, 2400, 2800...

4 ianvari, 2015

k i T x v i s d r o

safiqrali:

- Tqveni azriT, rogor unda moiqces moTxrobis mTavari gmiri?

- Tqveni azriT, eTeri iseve eqceva ni-nis, rogorc nini – mas?

- ras fiqrobT eTersa da mis megobre-bze?

- Tqveni azriT, marTla saRebavis daRvriT aris gamowveuli eTeris ase-Ti damokidebuleba?

- Tqven rogor moiqceodiT ninis adgi-las?

moTxroba

gamarjoba!me nini var. minda Cemze mogweroT da rCe-

va gkiTxoT. ar vici, Tqven rogor fiqrobT, me ki mgo-

nia, yvela skolaSi aris erTi bavSvi mainc, romelsac sxvebi dascinian. Cems skola-Si aseTi bavSvi me var. damcinian, radgan disleqsia mWirs (e. i. specialuri sagan-manaTleblo saWiroebe-bi maqvs). didi xnis gan-mavlobaSi vfiqrobdi, Wkviani ar var-meTqi. wera-kiTxva Cvens klasSi yvelam Cemze adre iswav-la.

Cems mSoblebs da mas-wavleblebs egonaT, rom me mondomeba maklda. arada, yovelTvis Zalian vcdilobdi bejiTad meswavla. mere aRmoCnda, rom disleqsia maqvs. es niSnavs, rom uniWo ki ar var, aramed miZneldeba sityvebis amocnoba da damaxsovreba. zogjer sityvebs da asoebs ukuRma vkiTxulob. magaliTad, `x~ SeiZleba `Z~-Si amerios, an `moswavles~ nacvlad wavi-kiTxo `omswavle~. zogjer swori sityvis arCevac miWirs: vici, risi Tqmac minda, magram sityvebs ver vpoulob.

uniWo rom ar vyofilvar gamixarda, Tum-ca Cemi problemis mizezis gageba ar mesia-movna.

Cvens klasSi erTi gogoa, romelic sul damcinis. mas eTeri hqvia. yvelas eubneba, rom suleli var. man da misma megobrebma skolis sapirfareSoSi didi warwerac ki gaakres:

`nini sulelia, sulelia, suleliaaa!~wina kviras ki daamates: `suleli, ufro suleli, usulelesiii!!!~xSirad dilaobiT sawolidan wamod-

gomac ki ar minda. vici, ra melodeba skola-Si: eTeri da misi megobrebi!

masTan problemebi mesame klasidan damewyo. orive iatakze visxediT da sas-kolo speqtaklisTvis scenebs vxatavdiT. me xes vxatavdi, eTeri – mzesumziras. uceb ya visferi saRebavi dameRvara da eTeris naxati dasvara. man Tavidan veraferi Tqva, iatakze ijda da misCereboda gaTxupnil mzesumziras. Semdeg fexze wamodga, Tavze damadga da yvirili damiwyo. ra ar miwoda,

maT Soris, ra Tqma unda, sulelic. Sevwuxdi, naxati rom gavufuWe da bodiSic movuxade. Tumca, ar mgonia, amxela ambavi unda aetexa. xom SeiZleboda, Tavidan daexata? im dRidan moyolebuli, sul cdilobs, damamciros. TiTqos es misi cxovrebis miznad gadaiqca.

meoTxe klasi TiTqos ukeTesi iyo. cota xniT isic vifiqre, saerTod davaviwydi-

meTqi. magram mexuTe klasidan CemTvis skola-Si yofna isev autaneli gaxda. axla Worebs mi-vrceleben, rom anoreq­sia maqvs. me gamxdari var, yovelTvis aseTi viyavi da man es icis. TviTonaa yovelTvis dietaze, me ki vcdilob, bevri vWamo, rom cota movimato. darwmunebu-li var, skolaSi yvelam

gaigo axali Wori. vamCnev, rogor miyureben da makvirdebian. cdiloben daaskvnan, mar-Tla anoreqsiuli var Tu ara.

vcdilob, ar mivaqcio yuradReba maT saqciels, magram es Zalian Znelia, roca pirdapir saxeSi giyureben da dagcinian, gWoraven.

ar micdia maswavlebelTan am Temaze sau-bari. mainc verafers miSvelis. eTers romc daelaparakos, uaresi iqneba. is yvelas ety-vis, rom me mabezRara var da xumrobas ver vigeb.

sxva skolaSi gadavidodi, magram de-daCems amis gagonebac ar unda.

ar vici, rogor moviqce. iqneb mirCioT, ra vqna?

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k i T x v i s d r o

erTma mefem aT oqromWedels monetebis damzadeba daavala. TiToeul maTgans aTi cali moneta unda gamoeWeda. yvela mo-neta zustad 10 grami sufTa oqrosi unda yofiliyo.

am aTi oqromWedlidan erTi maTgani me-tad flidi kaci iyo. man mefis motyueba gadawyvita. adga da yvela monetas wonaSi TiTo grami daaklo.

mefes ambavi miutanes, erTi oqromWe-deli gatyuebso. isic uTxres, mis mone-tebs TiTo grami akliao.

mefe Zalian Wkviani iyo. TiToeuli oqromWedlis mier damzadebuli monete-bidan garkveuli raodenobia aiRo. mxo-

lod erTxel awona da 540 grami miiRo. es sruliad sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisaTvis, rom eTqva, kerZod romeli oqromWedeli ityueboda. flidi oqromWedeli sasti-kad dasajes.

zRapari-gamocana

matyuara oqromWedeli

SekiTxva:

romeli iyo matyuara oqromWedeli da rogor gamoicno mefem igi?

8 ianvari, 2015

k i T x v i s d r o

receptebi zamTris sadilisTvis

momzadebis wesi:aiRe 10 cali kvercxi. kargad moxarSe da kani gadaacale,

gafcqveni.

Semdeg moxarSul kvercxebs moaWeri zeda da qveda momrgva-

lebuli nawili, rom ar yiravdebodes.

stafilo moxarSe, gaasufTave da `Tovlis babuasTvis~ gamoW-

eri `qudebi~.

kbilis Cxiri daarWe `qudze~, Semdeg ki ori kvercxi erTmaneT-

ze ise Semode, rom miiRo Tovlis babuas sxeuli. kvercxebi daa-

magre CxiriT (anu Tovlis babuas `daaxure~ Cxiriani qudi).

stafilosgan gamoWeri cxviri da miamagre.

Tvalebi da Rilebi, survilis mixedviT, SegiZlia daumzado ze-

Tisxilis, kitris an bolokisgan Semdegi wesiT: gamoWeri patara

zomis burTebi. CxiriT gaCvrite sasurveli adgilebi da daumagre

`Tvalebi~ da `Rilebi~.

bolos `Tovlis babuas~ miamagre oxraxuSis `cocxi~ da sadilic mzadaa.

gemrielad miirTvi!

saWiro ingredientebi:• araJani – 1 Cais Wiqa

• vaSli – 500 grami

• Tafli – 1 sufris kovzi

• wvrilad daWrili nigozi –

1 sufris kovzi

momzadebis wesi:aiRe 500 grami vaSli, gulmodgined

garecxe da gaamSrale.

Semdeg vaSls gamoacale kurkebi

da kanianad daWeri patara, Txel

naWrebad an kubikebad.

miqseriT (an saTqvefelaTi)

kargad aTqvife araJani da

Tafli.

aTqvefili masa moasxi vaSls.

zemodan moayare erTi suf-

ris kovzi wvrilad

daWrili nigozi. Tu

nigozi moxaluli

iqneba, salaTa kidev

ufro aromatuli

gamogiva.

gemrielad

miirTvi!

sadili – `Tovlis babua~vaSlis salaTa

saWiro ingredientebi:• kvercxi – 10 cali

• stafilo – 2 cali (moxarSuli)

• oxraxuSi – 5 Reri

• zeTisxili, kitri, boloki (survilis mixedviT)

– 2 cali

• kbilis Cxiri – 10 cali