Kings Nobility Clergy

Map Link: The Holy Roman Empire under the Hohenstaufen,1138-1254 :

<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/roman_empire_1138_1254.jpg>

1106-25 Reign of Henry V as Holy RomanEmperor

1125-37 Reign of (Welf) Lothar of Saxonyas Holy Roman Emperor

1137 Lothar designates Henry the Proud asKing of Germany, but electors choose(Hohenstaufen) Conrad III (r. 1138-52)

Frederick I Barbarossa of Swabia(Hohenstaufen, r. 1152-90), relativeof (Welf) Henry the Lion of Saxonyand Bavaria

Franconia Burgundy S. Saxony

1156 Frederick marries heiress to Burgundy,then invades Lombardy

1157 Pope Adrian IV (p. 1154-59) sendsletter to Frederick at Besançon

beneficium

1159-81 Papacy of Alexander III

1162 Frederick takes Milan

1167 Communes of Lombardy form LombardLeague

1176 Lombard League routs Frederick’s armyat Legnano

1177 Frederick makes peace with LombardLeague and Alexander III

1180 Frederick confiscates Henry the Lion’s fiefs

1183 Frederick comes to agreement withLombard League

1190 Death of Frederick

1085 Alphonso VI of León-Castile(r. 1065-1109) takes Toledo

al-murabitun (Almoravids)

Map Link: Spain, 910-1492:

<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd_1911/shepherd-c-082-083.jpg>

Norman Sicily

1113-54 Reign of Roger II

Map Link: Kingdom of Sicily, 1154:

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Kingdom_of_Sicily_1154.svg/529px-

Kingdom_of_Sicily_1154.svg.png>

Mid 12th c. English begin expandinginto and settling in Ireland

Map Link: Island of Ireland, 1300:

<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Ireland_1300.png>

10th-13th c. Formation of kingdoms ofDenmark, Norway and Sweden

Map Link: Europe in the 12th Century:

<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/europe_12thcentury_1884.jpg>

(Future) Russia Poland (after 1138)

Bohemia (part of Holy Roman Empireby early 11th c., re-unified byOtakar I (r. 1192-1230) in 1200)

Hungary Bulgaria Serbia

Kings needing support of nobility and clergy,but achieved by various means (Sicily,E. Europe, Holy Roman Empire)

Dangers to position (Frederick/Alexander III,E. Europe, Poland)

Cappella Palatina, Palermo (bt. 1132-40)

Roger II (r. 1130-54)

muqarnas

Provost of cathedral of Freising, and secretaryto Bishop Otto (d. 1158)

Wrote continuation of Otto’s Gesta FridericiImperatoris, up to 1160

Text and continuation written at request ofFrederick

Rahewin (d. before 1177)