Kingdom Notes. Classification of Living Things 6 Kingdoms All living organisms Archaebacteria*...
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Transcript of Kingdom Notes. Classification of Living Things 6 Kingdoms All living organisms Archaebacteria*...
Classification of Living Things
6 Kingdoms
All living organisms
Archaebacteria* Eubacteria* Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
* Used to be classified together in the Kingdom Monera
Organisms are organized into these kingdoms by their traits and
their evolutionary development
• Type and # of cells• Prokaryotic or eukaryotic• Single-celled or multi-cellular
• Characteristics of cells• Type of cell wall/membrane• Types of organelles they have
• How they get energy• Autotrophs or heterotrophs
Archaebacteria• Prokaryotes• Unicellular
(very simple cells)
• Heterotrophs• Live in extremely
harsh conditions(like Earth’s original
atmosphere)
Ex. Sulfolobus –thrive in the host sulfur springs of Yellowstone
Scientists theorize that these are similar to the bacteria that first evolved on Earth. They have fewer organelles than other bacteria.
Eubacteria• Prokaryotes• Unicellular
(more complex cells)
• Heterotrophs or Autotrophs(can be parasitic, decomposers, or
producers)
Ex. Clostridium- causes a form of food poisoning called Botulism
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria were originally part of the same kingdom, called Monerans. After a lot of study on these organisms, scientists decided that there are enough differences between them to put them in separate kingdoms.
How bacteria affect humans
Harmful effects:• Parasites on humans, crops, animals (cause
diseases)• Decompose our food
Helpful effects:
• Used in industry – help make rope, leather, yogurt, cheese, etc…
• Decompose wastes in ecosystem
• Mutualistic relationship with humans – live on our skin to kill other attacking parasites, live in our intestines and help breakdown our waste
Protista
• Eukaryotes• Unicellular (few
multi-cellular algae)• Heterotrophs or
Autotrophs• Most Structurally Diverse
Plasmodium
Euglena
AmoebaDiatoms
Fungi• Eukaryotes• Mostly Multicellular• Hetertrophic• Important
Decomposers• Recycle Nutrients• Some are ParasiticExamples of Fungi:Mushrooms MoldsYeast Mildews
Yeast
Mold
Plant
•Eukaryotes•Multicellular•Autotrophic•Responsible
for all of life’s food
•Lack mobility•Cell wall made
of Cellulose
Divided into two major groups – Nonvascular and Vascular
Animalia• Eukaryotes• Multicellular• Heterotrophs• Have mobility (except adult sponges)• No cell wall
Divided into two major groups – Invertebrate and Vertebrate
Ex. Sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds
There are 9 major phyla of animals:
1. Porifera1. Found only in water2. Body has holes for feeding3. Simplest phylum
2. Cnidarian1. Radial symmetry2. Have stinging tentacles
3. Platyhelminthes4. Nematodes 5. Annelids
6. Mollusks1. Soft body with tentacles2. May have a hard shell3. Has simple organ systems
Sponges
Stinging-celled (jellyfish, coral)
Flat worms (ie: tapeworms) –bilateral symmetry
Round worms (ie: hookworms and pinworms)
Segmented worms (ie: earthworm) –segmented body
Soft-bodied (clams, octopi…)
7. ArthropodaHave exoskeletonHave jointed appendagesLargest Phylum
8.Echinoderms1. Redial Symmetry2. Spiny skin3. Can regenerate
9.Chordates1. Internal skeleton2. Spinal cord
Includes all Insects, Crayfish, Lobsters, etc.
Sea Stars (starfish), Sea cucumbers, Sand dollars
All living things with a backbone…