KingdomKingdomAnimaliaAnimalia

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom Animalia

• They are complex, multicellular organisms• Their cells have a nucleus and organelles• Their cells do not have a cell wall• Most of them can move about freely from place

to place• They lack chlorophyll and obtain their food by

feeding on the body parts of other organisms• They have specialized systems for detecting the

environment, movement and coordinating body functions

Classification of AnimalsClassification of Animals

Invertebrates Invertebrates (without (without

backbone)backbone)

AnimalsAnimals

Vertebrates Vertebrates (with backbone)(with backbone)

Backbone

Backbone/Vertebral ColumnBackbone/Vertebral Column

InvertebratesInvertebrates

InvertebratesInvertebrates

The major groups of invertebrates are: The major groups of invertebrates are: • Coelenterates/Cnidarians

• Flatworms

• Roundworms

• Ringed worms

• Arthropods

• Molluscs

• Echinoderms

CnidariansCnidarians(Coelenterates)(Coelenterates)

CnidariansCnidarians

• They have a soft, sac-like body with one opening forming the mouth and anus

• They have tentaclestentacles with stinging cellsstinging cells which can paralyze organisms

• They live in fresh or sea water

• Examples: jellyfish, coral, sea anemone and Hydra

AnemoneAnemone

Bubble CoralBubble Coral HydraHydra

Jellyfish Jellyfish

FlatwormsFlatworms

FlatwormsFlatworms

• They have a long and flattenedflattened body

• Some are human parasites, which obtain nutrients from the human body

• Examples: tapeworm, liverfluke and planarian

TapewormTapewormPlanarianPlanarian

LiverflukeLiverfluke

RoundwormsRoundworms

RoundwormsRoundworms

• They have a small, cylindricalcylindrical body with two pointed ends

• Their body is long and unsegmentedunsegmented

• Some of them are free living and some are parasites in plants and animals

• Examples: Ascaris and hookworm

HookwormHookworm

AscarisAscaris

Ringed WormsRinged Worms

Ringed WormsRinged Worms

• They have an elongatedelongated body with segments

• They have chaetaechaetae (singular: chaeta), i.e. bristle-like hair, for movement

• They live in soil or water

• Examples: earthworm and leech

ChaetaeChaetae

EarthwormEarthworm

LeechLeech

ArthropodsArthropods

ArthropodsArthropods

• They are protected by a hard exoskeletonexoskeleton

• They have jointedjointed legslegs

• Their body is divided into distinct regions made up of segments

• The number of types of arthropods in the world are more than the number of types of other animals put together

4 Groups of Arthropods4 Groups of Arthropods

1)1) CrustaceansCrustaceans

2)2) ArachnidsArachnids

3)3) MyriapodsMyriapods

4)4) InsectsInsects

CrustaceansCrustaceans

• They have five or more pairs of jointed legs and two pairs of antennaeantennae (singular: antenna)

• They are mainly aquatic

• They use gillsgills for gas exchange

• Examples: shrimp, crab, water flea, lobster and woodlouse

LobsterLobster CrabCrab

WoodlouseWoodlouse ShrimpShrimp

Water FleaWater Flea

ArachnidsArachnids

• They have four pairs of jointed legs

• They have no antennae

• They mainly live on land

• Their body is divided into two parts: head and abdomen

• Examples: spider, scorpion and mite

SpiderSpider

MiteMite

ScorpionScorpion

MyriapodsMyriapods

• They have a long and segmented body

• They have many pairs of legs

• They are terrestrial animals

• Examples: centipede (one pair of legs on each segment) and millipede (two pairs of legs on each segment)

CentipedeCentipede

MillipedeMillipede

InsectsInsects• They have clearly defined head, thoraxthorax and

abdomenabdomen• They have three pairs of jointed legs and two pairs of

wings• They have one pair of antennae• They have one pair of compoundcompound eyeseyes• They are the most numerous animals in the world• Some insects undergo metamorphosis during their

development from larva to adult stage• Examples: butterfly, grasshopper, bee, beetle,

dragonfly, cockroach and mosquito

GrasshopperGrasshopper

CocoonCocoon

MosquitoMosquito

ButterflyButterfly

MolluscsMolluscs

MolluscsMolluscs

• They have a soft and unsegmented body, usually with a hard shell protecting the body

• Most of them have a muscular foot

• Most of them live in water

• Examples: snail, clam, squid and octopus

ClamClam

SnailSnail

OctopusOctopus SquidSquid

EchinodermsEchinoderms

EchinodermsEchinoderms

• They have a radially symmetricalradially symmetrical body (i.e. having a symmetrical arrangement of radiating parts about a central point)

• They have a tough skin which may be covered with spinesspines

• They live in sea water

• Examples: starfish, sea urchin and sea cucumber

Sea UrchinSea Urchin StarfishStarfish

Sea CucumberSea Cucumber

VertebratesVertebrates

VertebratesVertebrates

The major groups of vertebrates are: The major groups of vertebrates are: • Fish

• Amphibian

• Reptile

• Bird

• Mammal

FishFish

FishFish

• They have a moist skin covered with scalesscales

Fish scales Fish scales –– for protectionfor protection

FishFish

• They have a moist skin covered with scalesscales

• They are aquatic vertebrates

• They use gillsgills for gas exchange

• They have a streamlinedstreamlined body, which reduces water resistance during swimming

• They have fins for swimming and maintaining balance in water

FishFish

• They lay eggs in water

Fish eggsFish eggs

FishFish

• They lay eggs in water

• Their body temperature changes with the environment, i.e. they are poikilothermspoikilotherms

• Examples: shark, eel, goldfish and sea horse

EelEel

GoldfishGoldfish

Angel FishAngel Fish SharkShark

Sea HorseSea Horse

AmphibiansAmphibians

AmphibiansAmphibians

• They have a “naked” and moist skin

• TadpolesTadpoles, the young stage of amphibians, are fish-like and live in water. The adults are partly aquatic and partly terrestrial

• Tadpoles have gills for gas exchange whereas the adults may use the skin, mouth and lungs for gas exchange

AmphibiansAmphibians

• They have two pairs of limbs with five digits each in the adult stage for movement

• They lay eggs in water

• They are poikilotherms

• Examples: frog, toad and salamander

FrogFrog

ToaToadd

SalamandSalamanderer

ReptilesReptiles

ReptilesReptiles

• They have a dry, hard skin covered with scales

• Many live on land• They have lungs for gas exchange• They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on

land• They are poikilotherms• Examples: lizard, snake, tortoise and

crocodile

LizarLizardd

SnakeSnake

TortoiseTortoise

CrocodileCrocodile

Dinosaurs – Dinosaurs – The Terrible LizardsThe Terrible LizardsBrachiosaurusBrachiosaurus

TyrannosaurusTyrannosaurus

BirdsBirds

BirdsBirds

• Their skin is covered with feathers• They have two pairs of limbs: the forelimbs

are modified to form a pair of wings for flying

• Most of the birds can fly but some cannot, such as penguins and ostriches

• They have no teeth. Their jaws are pointed and form a beak

• They have lungs for gas exchange

BirdsBirds

• They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on land

• The parents look after their young

• They maintain a constant body temperature, i.e. they are homoiothermshomoiotherms

• Examples: swallow, penguin, owl, duck, ostrich, robin and pigeon

OwlOwl Bird EggsBird Eggs

DuckDuck

AnteaterAnteater PlatypusPlatypus

KangarooKangaroo Koala BearKoala Bear

Classification of Classification of VertebratesVertebratesVertebratVertebrat

esesReptilesReptilesFishFish AmphibiaAmphibiansns

• Lungs

• Feathers

Cannot control their own body temperatureCan control their own bodytemperature• Beaks •

Mammary glands

• Scales

• Fins

• Gills

• Eggs

• Slimy skins, no scales• 4 limbs• Gills (Larvae) Lungs (Adult)• Eggs • Shelled-

eggs

• Lungs

• 4 limbs

• Dry scales

BirdsBirds

• 2 limbs + 2 wings• Lungs

• Shelled- eggs

MammaMammalsls• Hairs

• 4 limbs

• Born alive

What bird is the What bird is the biggest in the biggest in the

world???world???

OSTRICHES!!!OSTRICHES!!!

The ostrich is the biggest bird in the world. It can weigh up to 300 lbs!! Ostriches are rapid runners – they can attain a speed of about 65 km/hour. Ostriches also lay the biggest eggs among the birds. An ostrich egg is about 3.3 pounds and is the size of a baby’s head. FYI, one ostrich egg can make an omelet for 10 people!!!!!

MammalsMammals

MammalsMammals

• They have hair on their skin

• They have lungs for gas exchange

• Their young develop inside the mother’s body and are born alive

• After birth, the young are fed by milk from the mother’s mammary glandsmammary glands

• The parents look after their young

MammalsMammals

• They have highly developed brains

• They are homoiotherms and have a well-developed system for regulating the body temperature

• Examples: giraffe, dog, lion, dolphin, kangaroo, panda, cat, wolf and human

Primitive MammalsPrimitive Mammals• They lay eggs instead of giving birth to the young

alive• Some of them carry their eggs in pockets/pouches

in the abdomen• When the young are hatched from the egg, they are

fed by milk produced in the mother’s mammary glands

• Some pouched mammals do not lay eggs, but their young are born in a very immature state and need to be carried inside the mother’s pouch immediately after birth for further development

• They are found mainly in Australia