King Louis XIV- The Sun King

Achievements VERSAILLES PALACE

– French Culture thrived at Versailles– “Court Life” – Etiquette and manners

Baroque Art– Louis XIV was a patron of the Arts– Literature, plays, music, and art thrive in France

Trade/economy– Built roads, canals, and improved trade– Better/more products and goods for exporting (under Colbert)

Army– Well trained, vast, and powerful

The Rise of the Sun King

– Foundations of Absolutism in France

• Cardinal Richelieu *– Louis XIII’s chief minister helped

STRENGTHEN the monarchy

– Did this by: Controlled will of the nobles, executed conspirators, and controlled the Huguenots

• Cardinal Mazzarin– RAN the country when Louis XIII

died!

– Continued with Richelieus policies

– Nobles held MAJOR rebellions known at the Fronde- who were against absolute rule in France

Young Louis XIVYoung Louis XIV

L’ouis XIVL’ouis XIV

L’ouis XIVL’ouis XIV

L’ etat c’est moi!

L’ etat c’est moi!

ByHyacinthe

Rigaud

ByHyacinthe

Rigaud

Louis XIV’s CarriageLouis XIV’s Carriage

The Bourbon Family Crest

The Bourbon Family Crest

L’ ouis XIV as Apollo

L’ ouis XIV as Apollo

by Jean Nocret, by Jean Nocret, 16701670

The Sun SymbolThe Sun Symbol

Louis XIV Giani Lorenzo Bernini, 1665

Louis XIV Giani Lorenzo Bernini, 1665

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Versailles StatisticsVersailles Statisticsf 2,000 acres of groundsf 12 miles of roadsf 27 miles of trellisesf 200,000 treesf 210,000 flowers planted every yearf 80 miles of rows of treesf 55 acres surface area of the Grand Canalf 12 miles of enclosing wallsf 50 fountains and 620 fountain nozzlesf 21 miles of water conduitsf 3,600 cubic meters per hour: water consumedf 26 acres of rooff 51,210 square meters of floorsf 2,153 windowsf 700 roomsf 67 staircasesf 6,000 paintingsf 1,500 drawings and 15,000 engravingsf 2,100 sculptures f 5,000 items of furniture and objects d'artf 150 varieties of apple and peach trees in the Vegetable

Garden

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

Versailles TodayVersailles Today

Palais de VersaillesPalais de Versailles

Palais de VersaillesPalais de Versailles

Versailles Palace,Park Side

Versailles Palace,Park Side

Garden View of Versailles

Garden View of Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Chateau de Versailles

Versailles’ Northern Gardens

Versailles’ Northern Gardens

Gardens at Versailles

Gardens at Versailles

Chateau de Versailles Gardens

Chateau de Versailles Gardens

The OrangeryThe Orangery

Grounds at Versailles

Grounds at Versailles

Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!Fountains, Fountains, and More Fountains!

And More Fountains!

And More Fountains!

And More Fountains!And More Fountains!

And Even More Fountains!!!

And Even More Fountains!!!

Temple of LoveTemple of Love

Hall of

Mirrors

Hall of

Mirrors

The Queen’s

Bed

The Queen’s

Bed

The King’s Bed

The King’s Bed

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Chapel Altarpiece

Louis XIV’s Chapel Altarpiece

Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel

Organ in Louis XIV’s Chapel

Louis XIV’s Opera Stage

Louis XIV’s Opera Stage

Cabinet with Views

of Versailles, 19c

Cabinet with Views

of Versailles, 19c

CONTROL

CONTROL OVER HIS PEOPLE– TAXATION:

• Fell heavily upon the 3rd Estate (peasantry that made up 80%)

– RELIGION:• Revoked Edict of Nantes (by his grandfather Henry IV)

• “One King, One law, One faith”

• Destroyed Huguenot churches and closed Protestant schools

– NOBLES:• Very little political power, kept them “busy” at Versailles

Government and ruling

Law making body, the Estates General did not meet

Removed royal princes and nobles from his council

Was central policy making figure Parlements (court of appeals) were weakened

War

Fought FOUR major wars– *Most important was the last one,War of Spanish

Succession (he lost)• Grandson Philip V became King of Spain

• Bourbon Dynasty powerful but not united as one

• Ends with the PEACE OF UTRECHT 1713– Balance of power in Europe stable and peaceful

– England- gains French territory in America

– Austria- gains Netherlands

– France- devastated financially, famine, new enemies

Quote by Louis XIV on his deathbed….. Did he really mean it?

“I urge you not to forgot your duty to God; remember that you owe everything to Him…. Do not follow me in overspending. Take advice in everything; try to find the best course and follow it. Lighten your people’s burden as soon as possible, and do what I have had the misfortune not do myself.”

Good Afternoon

Please turn in your HW asapWill return it graded tomorrow Check grades anytime-new ones are posted

Today- Does Louis XIV deserve to have a CENTURY names after him? Let’s Find Out!

No HW

Stats about Unit 2 Tests

TEST GRADES:– Multiple Choice: 85.7 average – Essay portion: 6/9 86.4 average – very strong, most wrote about Essay One.

These are going to get more difficult, as they will tend to be change over time essays!

– Question 7- Which of the following affected the status of women during the Reformation? Answer A: Suppression of nunneries and the institution of married clergy

– Question 19-Phillip II of Spain persuaded war with England…..– Answer C: Because of Piracy in the Atlantic vs British in the New World----

MARY STUART was executed, HER COUSIN!

– Question 25- Mercantilism is a system of economic principles that….– D: Emphasizes government intervention to secure a favorable balance of trade

and the growth of national reserves in gold/silver

Louis XV [r. 1715 – 1774]

Louis XV [r. 1715 – 1774]

The “Hunts” of Louis XV

The “Hunts” of Louis XV

Madame de PompadourMadame de Pompadour

Madame de Pompadour’s Bedroom

Madame de Pompadour’s Bedroom

Petite Trianon,Madame de

Pompadour’s Chateau

Petite Trianon,Madame de

Pompadour’s Chateau

Marie Antoinette & Her Children

Marie Antoinette & Her Children

Marie Antoinette’s Boudoir

Marie Antoinette’s Boudoir

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant” House

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant” House

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”

Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant’s Hut”