King Kothari

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    Mars Rover

    MakesMission Mars

    Possible

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    This is marsrover

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    Mars Rover ???

    A Mars roveris an automated motorvehicle which propels itself across the

    surface of the planet Mars after landing.

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    Each of these rovers

    was created by a group

    of scientists working at

    NASA

    Most of the work and

    development of the spacecraft take

    place in the Jet Propulsion

    Laboratory.

    Developer

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    III.Sojournerrover, Mars Pathfinder,

    landed successfully on July 4,

    1997. Communications were lost

    on September 27, 1997.

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    IV.Spirit(MER-A), Mars Exploration Rover,

    landed successfully on January 4, 2004. Rover

    was still operating as of April 2010, 6 yearsafter the original mission limit, but its wheels

    were trapped in sand.[2]As of January 26,

    2010, NASA has admitted defeat in its efforts

    to free the rover and stated that it would nowfunction as a stationary science platform.

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    V. Opportunity(MER-B), Mars Exploration

    Rover, landed successfully on January 25,

    2004. Rover was still operating as of May

    2010, surpassing the previous record for

    longevity of a surface mission to Mars on May

    20.

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    Technical Parts

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    Rover Capabilities

    Power : The rovers can generate power with their

    solar panels and store it in their batteries.

    Images : The rovers can take color, stereoscopicimages of the landscape with a pair of high-

    resolution cameras mounted on the mast.

    Reading : They can also take thermal readings with

    a separate thermal-emission spectrometer that uses

    the mast as a periscope.

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    Drill :The rovers have a magnifying camera,

    mounted on the same arm as the drill, that

    scientists can use to carefully look at the finestructure of a rock. This drill is officially

    known as the Rock Abrasion Tool (RAT).

    Analyzers : The rovers have a massspectrometer that is able to determine the

    composition of iron-bearing minerals in rocks.

    Rover Capabilities(cont.)

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    Collector : There are magnets mounted at

    three different points on the rover. Iron-bearing

    sand particles will stick to the magnets so that

    scientists can look at them with the cameras or

    analyze them with the spectrometers.

    Communicator : The rovers can send all of thisdata back to Earth using one of three different

    radio antennas

    Rover Capabilities(cont.)

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    Rover Specs

    To pack in all of this instrumentation, motorizationand power generation, the rovers are pretty big --

    perhaps the size of a small riding lawn mower. Here

    are the stats :

    1.5 meters (4.9 feet) high (with the mast up)2.3 meters (7.5 feet) wide

    1.6 meters (5.2 feet) long

    174 kilograms (384 pounds)

    Maximum speed: Perhaps 30 meters (about 100

    feet) per hour, and 100 meters at most per day

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    Panoramic cameras:

    Pancam is a multispectral, stereoscopic, panoramic

    imaging system consisting of two digital cameras

    mounted on a mast 1.5 m above the Martian surface.

    Cost: Approximately $820 million (for both rovers)

    $645 million for design/development + $100 million fothe Delta launch vehicle and the launch + $75 million

    for mission operations

    Rover Specs(cont.)

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    Inside the Rovers

    The body of a rover is an enclosed box called

    the Warm Electronics Box (WEB). This box isessential because temperatures at night can fall

    to -100 degrees C (-150 F). The batteries would

    stop functioning, as would many of theelectronic components, if some warmth were

    not provided to get the temperature up toward 0

    degrees C (32 F).

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    Power andelectronic systems

    Its power system includes two

    rechargeable lithium ion batteries, that

    provide energy when the sun is not

    shining, especially at night. Over time, the batteries will degrade

    and will not be able to recharge to full

    capacity.

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    The rovers use a RAD6000 computer produced by BAE

    systems.

    This processor is nearly identical in architecture to an

    old PowerPC processor used in early Macintosh

    computers. By today's standards, these processors are

    slow.

    They run at 20 megahertz, about 1/100th the speed of a

    typical desktop computer today.

    They have 128 kilobytes (KB) of RAM, 256 KB of flash

    memory and some ROM to hold the boot code and

    operating system.

    There are no disk drives.

    The Onboard Computer

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    NASA rovermission goals

    Determine whetherlifeever arose on Mars

    Characterize theclimate of Mars

    Characterize the geology of Mars

    Prepare for humanexploration

    Determine thedistribution andcomposition of

    minerals, rocks, and soils surrounding thelanding sites

    Search for andcharacterize a variety of rocks

    and soils that holdclues to past water activity

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    Achievements

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    Reference

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_rover

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Exploration

    _Rover http://marsrover.nasa.gov/overview/

    http://www.space.com/marsrover/

    Goggle images

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    Thank you