KING JAMES PLANTATION2ND YR

Ulster

• By 1590 most of Ireland under Eng rule

• Except Ulster• Ulster was still controlled by

Gaelic irish• Ruling clans were O’Neills +

O’Donnells

O’neills and O’Donnells

• Were earls• Ancesters had done ‘surrender

and regrant’• Practised Brehon law• Followed Gaelic customs• Worried about Ulster coming

under Eng control

9 YRS WAR

• Arrival of Eng officials• Trying to establish eng law• Caused o’neill to plan a rebellion• United with other Ulster clans• Went to war against queen Eliz

Spanish help

• Requested help – soliders and arms -

• From Spain. Why Spain?• Spanish arrived in Kinsale in 1601• O’neill and army marched South

• Br army reached Kinsale first• Fierce battle • Br army beat Spanish and Irish• Eliz died (peacefully) at end of war

King James 1

• New king treated Earls leniently• Why?• Wanted peace in Ireland• But the Gaelic Irish felt humiliated• Couldn’t accept Eng rule

Flight of the Earls

• In 1607 they left Ireland for the continent

• Hope to persuade Spain to send another army

• But in the end, they never came back

Planning a plantation

• James decided to plant Ulster• Used the land vacated by the

lords• Declared them traitors +

confiscated land• Divided Ulster into 6 counties

Estates

• James learnt from Eliz’s plantation mistakes

• Knew smaller estates would be easier to defend

• Divided land into 1,000; 1,500; 2,000 acres

• Also, had 3 diff types of planter

Undertakers

• Who? Scottish and Eng landowners

• Got 2,000 acres estates• Paid little rent to king• Had to bring Eng tenants• Must not rent land to irish• Must not employ irish servants

Undertakers (2)

• They must practise Protestant religion

• Impose common law• Establish towns• Set up trade and industry there

Servitors

• 2nd type of settlers• Who? Mainly soldiers in Br army• Got 1,500 acres

paid more rent to king• They could rent land to irish tenants• Could employ irish servants• Must promote common law and

protestant religion

Loyal Irish

• Who? Gaelic landowners loyal to king

• Got 1,000 acres• Paid most rent• Could rent land to irish tenants• Could employ irish servants• Had to accept common law

Special County: Derry

• Split into 12 areas• Given to 12

London companies

• ..to set up their trades there

• and to invest money in planting it

Towns

• Two main towns built there• Londonderry and Coleraine• Gaelic irish had to live outside

walls• On bogside• Catholic area in Derry still called

bogside

Results of Plantation

• V successful (for British)• 1. New settlers – 40,000 came to Ulster• 2. New landowners – these settlers

owned all land• Gaelic irish rented land, but didn’t own it• 3. New laws – eng judges brought in

common law• Courthouse and jails built in towns

Results of Plantation (2)

• 4. Religion – most settlers were Protestant

• Ie Scottish settlers were Presbyterian• Half of Ulster still protestant• 5. Settlers brought in new ways of

farming• Grew more crops • Organised farmer markets

Results of Plantation (3)

• 6. Plantation towns built• V diff to Medieval towns• Well planned – wide sts• Square – called a Diamond – in

middle• Markets held here• Protestant Church• Courthouses and jail

Problems of Plantation

• Some problems arose• Religious division – settlers were

Protestant..• ..natives were Catholic• Many undertakers didn’t build

strong defences• ..and took on Gaelic tenants.

Result

• More Gaelic irish than settlers• Angry at losing land and rights• Remained a serious threat to the

settlers• Often attacked them

Vocab Recap

• 9 Yrs War.• Earl• Servitor• Loyal irish• Presbyterian• Common law• Diamond

Recap

• What did James learn from Eliz’s mistake?

• How did the land become available?

• Who were the main irish clans in Ulster?

• What happened in Co Derry?

write down 5 diffs in rules between undertakers and loyal irish

Recap – write down 5 results of the Ulster Plantation