Kind of Waves(Kranz and Lemar)
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Transcript of Kind of Waves(Kranz and Lemar)
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KINDS OF WAVESBY:Kranz BuereLemar Lorzano
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What arewaves?
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WaveDefinition: A disturbance that transfersenergy from place to place.What carries waves? A medium, amedium is the material through which awave travels.
A medium can be a gas, liquid, or solid.
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Not all waves require a
medium to travel.Light from the sun travels through
empty space.
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Types of waves: Waves areclassified according to howthey move.
http://www.kettering.edu/~drussell/Demos/waves/wavemotion.html -
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Transverse waveWaves that move themedium at right anglesto the direction in which
the waves are travelingis called a transversewave.
Transverse meansacross.The highestparts are called creststhe lowest parts arecalled troughs.
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Compressional WaveMatter vibrates inthe same direction
as the wave travels.
Example: Slinky
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Compressional waveThe parts,where thecoils are close
together are calledcompressions, theparts where the coilsare spread out are
called rarefactions.
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Combinations of wavesSurface waves are acombination of
transverse andlongitudinalwaves.The wavesoccur at the surface
between water andair.
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Properties of Waves
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Basic Properties of Waves AmplitudeWavelengthFrequencySpeed
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Draw Transverse wave and
label: crest & troughthe old Slinky song )
http://www.messiah.edu/hpages/facstaff/barrett/slinky/slinky.wavhttp://www.messiah.edu/hpages/facstaff/barrett/slinky/home.htmlhttp://www.messiah.edu/hpages/facstaff/barrett/slinky/slinky.wav -
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Draw a Compressional wave:
label compression&rarefaction
http://www.messiah.edu/hpages/facstaff/barrett/slinky/comp_wav.htm -
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Amplitude Amplitude is the maximum distance the particles of the
medium carrying the wave move away from their restpositions.
The farther the medium moves as it vibrates the larger the
amplitude of the resulting waves. The greater theamplitude the greater the amount of energy
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Amplitude of transverse wavesThe amplitude of a transverse wave isthe maximum distance the mediummoves up or down from its restposition. You can find the amplitude ofa transverse wave by measuring the
distance from rest to crest or rest totrough.
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Amplitude of a longitudinal
wave.The amplitude of a longitudinal wave isa measure of how compressed orrarefied the medium becomes.
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/waves/U10L1c.html -
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Wavelength A wave travels a certain distance beforeit starts to repeat. The distance
between two corresponding parts of awave is its wavelength.Transverse measure from crest to crestor trough to trough.Longitudinal measure from onecompression to the next.
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FrequencyThe number of complete waves thatpass a given point in a certain amount
of time. AKA number of vibrations per second.Frequency measured in hertz (Hz).
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SpeedThe speed, wavelength, and frequencyof a wave are related to each other by a
mathematical formula.Speed = wavelength x frequencyFrequency = speed/wavelengthWavelength = speed/frequency
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SpeedWaves in differentmediums travel at
different speeds.However, in a givenmedium and underthe same conditions
the speed of thewave is constant.
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Chapter 15 -3
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Ways Waves InteractReflectionRefraction
DiffractionInterference
Constructive
DestructiveStanding Waves
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ReflectionWhen an object orwave hits a surface
through which itcannot pass, itbounces back.
Angle of incidence Angle of reflection
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Examples of reflectionMirrorEchoBall against a wall
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Refraction is when a wavemoves from one medium intoanother medium at an angle,it changes speed as it enters
the second medium whichcauses it to bend. The
bending of waves due to achange in speed is called
refraction.
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RefractionThough all waveschange speed when
they enter a newmedium. Bendingoccurs when oneside of the wave
enters the newmedium before theother side
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DiffractionWhen a wave passes a barrier or movesthrough a hole in a barrier it bends and
spreads out.
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InterferenceConstructive interference occurswhenever two waves combine to make
a wave with a larger amplitude.
Destructive interference when theamplitudes of two waves combineproducing a smaller amplitude.
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Nodes and AntinodesNodes: at certainpoints, destructive
interference causesthe two waves tocombine andproduce an
amplitude of zero.
Antinodes are thepoints of maximum
energy. The crestsand troughs of astanding wave.
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ResonanceMost objects have a natural frequency ofvibration. Resonance occurs when vibrations
traveling through an object match the objectsnatural frequency. An object that is vibrating at its natural frequencyabsorbs energy from the objects that vibrate atthe same frequency. Occurs in music.